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Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of plant-derived oleuropein on GDM mice.Methods Oleuropein was administered to GDM mice at the dose of 10 mg·kg-1·d-1.Body weight and blood glucose were recorded.The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)were measured by ELISA and RT-qPCR to assess the inflammation level in GDM mice,the activation of Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was measured by Western blot.Gestational outcome was analyzed through comparing litter size and birth weight.Results Oleuropein attenuated the elevated body weight of GDM mice and efficiently reduced blood glucose,and restored insulin sensitivity.Oleuropein treatment also reduced oxidative stress and inflammation levels,activated AMPK signaling pathways in the liver tissues of GDM mice,and significantly improved gestational outcome in mice.Conclusion Oleuropein is effective in alleviating symptoms of GDM and improving gestational outcome in the mouse model.This effect is achieved by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation,which is mediated by the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Objective To determine the epidemic characteristics of forty-two coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） cluster outbreaks in Hangzhou city and provide scientific evidence for further prevention and control measures. Methods Data of the COVID-19 cluster outbreaks in Hangzhou were obtained from the National Public Health Emergency Management Information System. Epidemic characteristics were summarized by reviewing the epidemiological investigation reports. Results A total of forty-two COVID-19 cluster outbreaks were documented in Hangzhou in 2020， including 130 confirmed cases and 7 cases with asymptomatic infection. The majority occurred from January to February， 2020. Moreover， 92.86% （39/42） of the cluster outbreaks were familial transmission. The proportion of the cluster outbreaks involving 2 cases accounted for 54.7% （23/42）. In the secondary cases， family members accounted for 84.15% （69/82）. Conclusion The COVID-19 cluster outbreaks in Hangzhou mainly occur in families， and the majority of the secondary cases is family members.
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Objective To determine the epidemic characteristics of forty-two coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） cluster outbreaks in Hangzhou city and provide scientific evidence for further prevention and control measures. Methods Data of the COVID-19 cluster outbreaks in Hangzhou were obtained from the National Public Health Emergency Management Information System. Epidemic characteristics were summarized by reviewing the epidemiological investigation reports. Results A total of forty-two COVID-19 cluster outbreaks were documented in Hangzhou in 2020， including 130 confirmed cases and 7 cases with asymptomatic infection. The majority occurred from January to February， 2020. Moreover， 92.86% （39/42） of the cluster outbreaks were familial transmission. The proportion of the cluster outbreaks involving 2 cases accounted for 54.7% （23/42）. In the secondary cases， family members accounted for 84.15% （69/82）. Conclusion The COVID-19 cluster outbreaks in Hangzhou mainly occur in families， and the majority of the secondary cases is family members.
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To analyze the associated factors of signing behavior of the smart medical service model in Hangzhou,500 residents aged 18 years and older who signed the smart medical service and 500 unsigned residents were randomly selected from 5 urban districts of Hangzhou city from 19 to 26,July 2016.The social-demographic characteristics,chronic disease,health-seeking behavior,kinds of medical insurance were investigated by face-to-face interview.The results showed that there were significant differences in educational level,self-rated health status,chronic disease,seeking behavior and type of medical insurance,while there were no significant differences in gender and age between the signed group and the non-signed group.Logistic regression analysis revealed that residents with higher education level (OR=1.226,95％CI:1.118-1.344,P＜0.01) and having more chronic diseases (OR=1.854,95％CI:1.524-2.257,P＜0.01) preferred to sign the service contract.The main reasons for unwillingness of signing contract were"the service was not suitable for me"(17.0％,61/359),"I didn't know the specific content of the service"(16.7％,60/359),"the signing procedure was complicated"(15.0％,54/359).In conclusion,different communication strategies should be adopted considering residents with different educational level and chronic diseases.And delivery of detailed information,simplification of signing process will promote to popularize this smart medical service.
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To analyze the associated factors of signing behavior of the smart medical service model in Hangzhou, 500 residents aged 18 years and older who signed the smart medical service and 500 unsigned residents were randomly selected from 5 urban districts of Hangzhou city from 19 to 26, July 2016. The social-demographic characteristics, chronic disease, health-seeking behavior, kinds of medical insurance were investigated by face-to-face interview. The results showed that there were significant differences in educational level, self-rated health status, chronic disease, seeking behavior and type of medical insurance, while there were no significant differences in gender and age between the signed group and the non-signed group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that residents with higher education level (OR=1.226, 95%CI: 1.118-1.344, P<0.01) and having more chronic diseases (OR=1.854, 95%CI: 1.524-2.257, P<0.01) preferred to sign the service contract. The main reasons for unwillingness of signing contract were " the service was not suitable for me" (17.0%, 61/359), "I didn′t know the specific content of the service" (16.7%,60/359), "the signing procedure was complicated" (15.0%, 54/359). In conclusion, different communication strategies should be adopted considering residents with different educational level and chronic diseases. And delivery of detailed information, simplification of signing process will promote to popularize this smart medical service.
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Objective: To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou, from 2015 to 2017. Methods: Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system. Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected. χ(2) test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects. Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS. 20 software used to analyze statistically. Results: Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03% (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017. Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases, those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83% (708/1 393), and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17% (685/1 393). Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309). Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084, 61.81%), while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309, 95.1%). Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as: female (aOR=48.25, 95%CI: 26.94- 88.44),<30 year olds (aOR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.31-4.51), 30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.11- 3.33), 40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.08-3.00), married or unmarried (vs. divorced or widowed, aOR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.10-2.24; aOR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.15-2.78), high school and above of education level (vs. primary school and under of education level, aOR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.18-2.80), administrative officers or employee (vs. farmers, aOR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.04-1.91). Number of non- marital partners less than 5 (vs. number of non-marital partners more than 5, aOR=10.65, 95%CI: 6.41-17.42). Conclusions: HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017. Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender, age, marital status, educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.
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Female , Humans , Male , HIV , HIV Infections/transmission , Heterosexuality , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Sexual Partners , Single PersonABSTRACT
Objective To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou,from 2015 to 2017.Methods Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system.Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission,between January 1,2015 and December 31,2017.Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected.x2 test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects.Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS.20 software used to analyze statistically.Results Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03％ (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017.Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases,those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83％ (708/1 393),and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17％ (685/1 393).Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309).Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084,61.81％),while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309,95.1％).Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as:female (aOR=48.25,95％ CI:26.94-88.44),＜30 year olds (aOR=2.43,95％CI:1.3 1-4.5 1),30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92,95％CI:1.11-3.33),40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80,95％ CI:1.08-3.00),married or unmarried (vs.divorced or widowed,aOR=1.57,95％CI:1.10-2.24;aOR=1.78,95％CI:1.15-2.78),high school and above of education level (vs.primary school and under of education level,aOR=1.82,95％ CI:1.18-2.80),administrative officers or employee (vs.farmers,aOR=2.03,95％ CI:1.04-l.91).Number of non-marital partners less than 5 (vs.number of non-marital partners more than 5,aOR=10.65,95％CI:6.41-17.42).Conclusions HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017.Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender,age,marital status,educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.
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Objective To study the effect of revised trauma score (RTS) in the rescue of patients with multiple trauma emergency application. Methods According to the admission time, 56 multiple trauma patients were assigned into the control group, and another 58 into the observation group. The control group was treated with traditional pre-hospital and hospital emergency care. The observation group with pre-hospital emergency care and hospital based on the RTS results. The two groups were compared in terms of effective treatment time and complications. Result The effective rescue time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P<0.001) and the complication rate was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the integrated emergency rescue measures on the basis of RTS scores, accurate condition judgment can be made in a short time so that consistent care can be given to the patients and the success rate can be improved , and the occurrence of complications can be reduced and the rescue success rate can be increased.
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Objective To investigate the hand hygiene status of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province to provide scientific base for health promotion.Methods Urban residents,rural residents,personnel in government institutions,urban students,rural students and enterprise workers were enrolled in this investigation.By using constant volume sampling method,fifty individuals in each group were recruited from 13 districts of Hangzhou City,and a total of 3 337 people filled in the questionnaire,which included demographic characteristics,knowledge of hand hygiene and hand washing.Logistic regression analysis and x2 test were used for data analysis.Results Correct hand-washing was found in 35.84％ urban and rural residents (urban vs.rural:41.45％ vs.27.06％).Awareness rate of hand hygiene was 35.06％.The influencing factors of proper hand washing were location,gender,age,educational level and understanding of hand hygiene.The influencing factors of awareness of hand hygiene were location,gender,age and educational level.Conclusion Hangzhou citizens had a relatively lower rate of proper hand washing,and significant difference was found between urban and rural residents; the study suggested that para-urben residents need to improve their knowledge and behavior of hand hygiene.Meanwhile,the students urgenty need to improve their hand hygiene