The etiologies of post-stroke depression: Different between lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke

Abstract Objectives: Depression is common after both lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke and might be associated with lesion locations as proven by some studies. This study aimed to identify whether lesion location was critical for depression after both lacunar and non-lacunar strokes. Methods: A cohort of ischemic stroke patients was assigned to either a lacunar stroke group or a non-lacunar stroke group after a brain MRI scan. Neurological deficits and treatment response was evaluated during hospitalization. The occurrence of depression was evaluated 3 months later. Logistic regressions were used to identify the independent risk factors for depression after lacunar and non-lacunar stroke respectively. Results: 83 of 246 patients with lacunar stroke and 71 of 185 patients with non-lacunar stroke developed depression. Infarctions in the frontal cortex, severe neurological deficits, and a high degree of handicap were identified as the independent risk factors for depression after non-lacunar stroke, while lesion location was not associated with depression after lacunar stroke. Conclusion: The main determinants for depression after lacunar and non-lacunar stroke were different. Lesion location was critical only for depression after non-lacunar stroke.

Safety evaluation of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with local advanced gastric cancer after radical resection for prevention of peritoneal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: Patients with advanced gastric cancer have a poor prognosis and a possibility of peritoneal metastasis even if receiving gastrectomy. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can effectively kill free cancer cells or small lesions in the abdominal cavity. At present, preventive HIPEC still lacks safety evaluation in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. This study aims to explore the safety of radical resection combined with HIPEC in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods: A descriptive case series study was carried out. Clinicopathological data of 130 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who underwent radical resection + HIPEC at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria: (1) locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma confirmed by postoperative pathology; (2) no distant metastasis was found before surgery; (3) radical resection; (4) at least one HIPEC treatment was performed. Exclusion criteria: (1) incomplete clinicopathological data; (2) tumor metastasis was found during operation; (3) concomitant with other tumors. HIPEC method: all the patients received the first HIPEC immediately after D2 radical resection, and returned to the ward after waking up from anesthesia; the second and the third HIPEC were carried out according to the patient's postoperative recovery and tolerance; interval between two HIPEC treatments was 48 h. Observation indicators: (1) basic information, including gender, age, body mass index, etc.; (2) treatment status; (3) perioperative adverse events: based on the standard of common adverse events published by the US Department of Health and Public Health (CTCAE 5.0), the adverse events of grade 2 and above during the treatment period were recorded, including hypoalbuminemia, bone marrow cell reduction, wound complications, abdominal infection, lung infection, gastroparesis, anemia, postoperative bleeding, anastomotic leakage, intestinal obstruction, pleural effusion, abdominal distension, impaired liver function, and finally a senior professional title chief physician reviewed the above adverse events and made a safety evaluation of the patient; (4) association between times of HIPEC treatment and adverse events in perioperative period; (5) analysis of risk factors for adverse events in perioperative period. Results: Among the 130 patients, 79 were males and 51 were females with a median age of 59 (54, 66) years and an average body mass index of (23.9±7.4) kg/m(2). The tumor size was (5.4±3.0) cm and 100 patients (76.9%) had nerve invasion. All the 130 patients received radical resection + HIPEC and 125 (96.2%) patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The mean operative time was (345.6±52.3) min and intraoperative blood loss was (82.0±36.5) ml. One HIPEC treatment was performed in 54 patients (41.5%), 2 HIPEC treatments were in 57 (43.8%), and 3 HIPEC treatments were in 19 (14.6%). The average postoperative hospital stay was (13.1±7.5) d. A total of 57 patients (43.8%) had 71 cases of postoperative complications of different degrees. Among them, the incidence of hypoalbuminemia was 22.3% (29/130), and the grade 2 and above anemia was 15.4% (20/130), lung infection was 3.8% (5/130), bone marrow cell suppression was 3.7% (4/130), abdominal cavity infection was 2.3% (3/130), and liver damage was 2.3% (3/130), wound complications was 1.5% (2/130), abdominal distension was 1.5% (2/130), anastomotic leakage was 0.8% (1/130), gastroparesis was 0.8% (1/130) and intestinal obstruction was 0.8% (1/130), etc. These adverse events were all improved by conservative treatments. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events during the perioperative period among patients undergoing 1, 2, and 3 times of HIPEC treatments (all P>0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses showed that age > 60 years (OR: 2.346, 95%CI: 1.069-5.150, P=0.034) and neurological invasion (OR: 2.992, 95%CI: 1.050-8.523, P=0.040) were independent risk factors for adverse events in locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection+HIPEC (both P<0.05). Conclusions: Radical surgery + HIPEC does not significantly increase the incidence of perioperative complications in patients with advanced gastric cancer. The age >60 years and nerve invasion are independent risk factors for adverse events in these patients.

Identification of a novel germline BRCA2 variant in a male with breast cancer / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a male with breast cancer and a sister who had deceased of the disease.@*METHODS@#Medical and family history of the proband was collected. Next-generation sequencing was carried out to detect potential variant associated with breast cancer, and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the result.@*RESULTS@#The proband was found to harbor a novel heterozygous c.6018dupT variant of the BRCA2 gene which may cause premature termination of mRNA translation, resulting in a truncated protein. Combined with the family history, the variant was deduced to be a germline mutation. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines, c.6018dupT variant of BRCA2 gene was predicted to be pathogenic (PVS1+PM1/2+PP4).@*CONCLUSION@#The germline variant of the BRCA2 gene probably underlay the breast cancer in this pedigree.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Manifestations of Rosai-Dorfman Disease in Central Nervous System / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) manifestations of Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD) in central nervous system. Method The clinical and MRI data of 5 cases of RDD in central nervous system confirmed by pathology in the PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 5 cases included 4 males and 1 female,aged(39.8±21.7) years on average.Among them,4 cases were located in the intracranial area and 1 case in the thoracic spinal canal.The lesion showed isointense signal on T1 weighted image and iso,slight-hypo,and slight-hyperintense signals on T2 weighted image,and it presented intensively homogeneous enhancement in contrast-enhanced MRI.Two cases showed compressed brain area with edema around the left parietal and left frontotemporal dura,thickening and enhancement in the adjacent dura,and dural tail sign.Three cases presented bone destruction in adjacent diploe and thoracic vertebrae.One case showcased slight-hypo perfusion of the left parietal dura in arterial spin labeling. Conclusions RDD lesion usually appears as iso,slight hypo and slight hyper-intense signals on T2 weighted image and presents intensively homogeneous enhancement in contrast-enhanced MRI.The disease may involve the adjacent bone and the lesion shows slight hypo-perfusion on perfusion images.The MRI manifestations of RDD are characteristic,which are helpful for preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of RDD.

Value of PET/MR-IVIM in predicting early prognosis of patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of PET/MR multiple parameters before treatment and MR-intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters 4 weeks after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients 6 months after treatment.Methods:From September 2017 to March 2019, 58 cervical cancer patients (age: 35-78 years) performed CCRT in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were retrospectively enrolled. PET/MR was performed before treatment, and MR-IVIM was performed at the end of the fourth week of treatment and 6 months after treatment. Patients were divided into complete response (CR) group and non-CR group according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). PET imaging parameters (maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG)), MR-IVIM parameters (slow diffusion coefficient (D), fast diffusion coefficient (D *), perfusion fraction (F), gross tumor volume (GTV), diffusion volume (DV)) before (referred to as 1) and after (at the end of the fourth week; referred to as 2) treatment and their percentage changes (ΔD, ΔD *, ΔF, ΔGTV, ΔDV) were measured. The parameters of PET and MR-IVIM were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to establish the combination prediction model of parameters before treatment and all parameters before and after treatment (Combination1 and Combination2 respectively), and the two models were compared by Delong test. Results:Of 58 patients, 37(63.79%) were CR, and 21 (36.21%) were non-CR. MTV (area under curve (AUC)=0.764, P<0.01), TLG (AUC=0.719, P<0.01), GTV 1 (AUC=0.761, P<0.01) and DV 1 (AUC=0.785, P<0.01) before treatment had positive effects on the treatment response, and the valuable parameters after treatment were D 2 (AUC=0.683, P<0.01), GTV 2 (AUC=0.861, P<0.01), DV 2 (AUC=0.891, P<0.01), ΔD (AUC=0.723, P<0.01), ΔGTV (AUC=0.768, P<0.01) and ΔDV (AUC=0.865, P<0.01). The best prediction model before treatment was DV 1 (Combination1; AUC=0.785, P=0.004). The best prediction model for all parameters before and after treatment was the combination pre-treatment of MTV, DV 2 and ΔD (Combination2; AUC=0.965, P<0.001). Combination2 was superior to Combination1 ( z=2.982, P=0.003). Conclusion:In evaluating the early prognosis of cervical cancer patients treated with CCRT, DV 1 has good predictive potential before treatment, while the combination of pre-treatment MTV with post-treatment DV 2 and ΔD has superior joint predictive potential and can provide help for patients′ personalized treatment.

Three new coumarins and a new coumarin glycoside from Micromelum integerrimum / 中国天然药物

Three new coumarins, integmarins A-C (1-3), and a new coumarin glycoside, integmaside A (4) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Micromelum integerrimum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS data, and their absolute configurations were assigned according to the ECD data of the in situ formed transition metal complexes and comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. Compounds 1 and 2 are two rare coumarins with butyl and propyl moieties at the C-6 position; compound 3 is a novel coumarin with a highly oxidized prenyl group, and compound 4 is a rare bisdihydrofuranocoumarin glycoside.

Protective effects of the total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma in alcoholic liver injury in mice / 药学学报

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Cistanche deserticola (C. deserticola) has a protective effect on the liver, but its active fraction and mechanism are not clear. In order to identify the effective fraction of C. deserticola Y. C. Ma, an acute alcoholic liver injury model in mice was established with 56-proof Erguotou and different fractional extracts of C. deserticola Y. C. Ma (total glycosides, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides) were administered. After 14 days of oral administration, liver pathology and lipid deposition were measured and the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf-2), kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1), and plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV1) were measured by immunofluorescence. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), endotoxin (ET), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D-lactic acid (D-LA) in serum, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver were measured by ELISA. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Peking University Health Science Center. The results show that the total glycosides of C. deserticola Y. C. Ma (400 mg·kg-1) could decrease liver pathology, decrease serum endotoxin, diamine oxidase, and D-lactic acid, and reduce hepatic lipid deposition. Total glycosides also promoted Nrf-2 transfer into the nucleus and decreased the expression of Keap-1 and PV1. In summary, the total glycosides of C. deserticola Y. C. Ma had a protective effect in acute alcoholic liver injury and the mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway, improvement of intestinal wall integrity, and inhibition of the transport of harmful substances into the liver.

Predictive value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging combined with coagulation parameters for recurrence in patients with early cervical cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To explore the value of preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET/CT parameters combined with coagulation parameters in predicting the recurrence after surgery in patients with early cervical cancer. Methods:A total of 120 patients(age range: 25-70 (47.9±8.5) years) with cervical cancer who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT examination and blood coagulation index test in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into recurrent group and non-recurrent group according to the follow-up results. Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of related parameters between the recurrent and non-recurrent patients. Then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed, and univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to evaluate the predictive value of parameters. Results:The follow-up time was 2-60 months. There were 36 recurrent cases, accounting for 30.0% (36/120) of all patients. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean), peak of standardized uptake value (SUV peak) and total lesion glycosis (TLG) were significantly different between recurrent ( n=27) and non-recurrent ( n=62) subgroups of moderately differentiated patiens (8.90±3.00 vs 7.50±2.90, 12.00±3.70 vs 10.20±4.50, 144.48(43.79, 366.46) vs 60.23(28.46, 113.15) g; t values: 1.968, 2.063, U=547.000, all P<0.05); the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), SUV mean, SUV peak, TLG were significantly different between recurrent ( n=7) and non-recurrent ( n=12) subgroups of poorly differentiated patiens (16.10±4.70 vs 7.60±2.33, 8.70±2.10 vs 4.40±1.50, 13.30±4.40 vs 5.60±1.80, 140.37(131.44, 143.94) vs 31.64(15.84, 92.14) g; t values: 5.363, 4.829, 5.429, U=3.000, all P<0.05); D-dimer and fibrinogen (FIB) of recurrent and non-recurrent patients were also different (175.00(100.00, 256.00) vs 86.00(51.25, 115.25) mg/L, (3.10±0.50) vs (2.80±0.50) mg/L; U=619.500, t=2.962, both P<0.05). The ROC curve indicated that SUV max (area under curve (AUC)=0.651), SUV mean (AUC=0.650), SUV peak (AUC=0.675), TLG (AUC=0.703), D-dimer (AUC=0.795) and FIB (AUC=0.672) could predict the recurrence of the disease(all P<0.01). Univariate Cox analysis revealed that the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging (hazard ratio ( HR)=2.363, 95% CI: 1.217-4.590), SUV max ( HR=4.855, 95% CI: 1.488-15.841), SUV mean ( HR=4.451, 95% CI: 1.573-12.597), SUV peak ( HR=7.190, 95% CI: 2.203-23.469), TLG ( HR=4.396, 95% CI: 2.238-8.633), D-dimer ( HR=4.761, 95% CI: 2.470-9.253) and FIB ( HR=3.196, 95% CI: 1.596-6.400) were predictive factors of recurrence (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that D-dimer ( HR=2.974, 95% CI: 1.476-5.990) and SUV peak ( HR=3.826, 95% CI: 1.063-13.778) were the main predictors (both P<0.05). ROC curve of SUV peak combined with D-dimer showed the AUC of 0.841( P<0.01). Conclusions:SUV peak and D-dimer are main indexes to evaluate the recurrence after surgery in patients with cervical cancer. SUV peak combined with D-dimer have good predictive value for the recurrence of cervical cancer.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for the treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenospermia: A meta-analysis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on the pregnancy outcome and sperm parameters in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia.@*METHODS@#We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang from inception till January 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) with the keywords male infertility, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, etc. Using the Cochrane risk bias tool, we evaluated the quality of the identified RCTs, and analyzed the primary outcomes, including pregnancy and live birth, and secondary outcomes, such as sperm concentration, motility and morphology.@*RESULTS@#Four RCTs with 321 subjects were included, of which none reported live birth and only one reported a pregnancy rate of 15% after treatment of 2 Hz TEAS. Neither 2 Hz (WMD: －3.01, 95% CI: －22.28 to 16.26) nor 100 Hz TEAS (WMD: －0.02, 95% CI: －5.29 to 5.56) had any significant effect on sperm concentration, while 100 Hz TEAS markedly improved the percentage of grade a sperm (WMD: 6.83, 95% CI: 2.10 to 11.57) compared with 2Hz TEAS (WMD: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.61). In comparison with the blank control, neither 2 Hz (WMD: 4.07, 95% CI: －5.15 to 13.29) nor 100 Hz TEAS (WMD: 6.59, 95% CI: －5.36 to 18.55) significantly affected the percentage of grade a + b sperm or total sperm motility.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The effect of TEAS on the pregnancy outcome is not yet clear. 100 Hz TEAS significantly improved the percentage of grade a sperm in idiopathic oligoasthenospermia patients, which, however, is to be further verified with more high-quality clinical studies.

Impact of Low Frequency Electro-acupuncture on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Unmarried PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on glucose and lipid metabolism in unmarried patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).@*METHODS@#Fifty-four PCOS patients were equally randomized into true acupuncture group and sham acupuncture group (control) for totally 16 weeks of treatment by random method with a computerized randomization program. Patients in true acupuncture group accepted traditional acupuncture methods with EA and two sets of acupoint groups were used alternatively. The first set consisted of Zhongji (CV 3), Qihai (CV 6), Guilai (ST 29), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Hegu (LI4) and Baihui (GV 20), and the second set consisted of Tianshu (ST 25), ST 29, CV 3, CV 6, SP 6, Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC) 6 and GV 20. Patients in the sham acupuncture group accepted shallow acupuncture methods through EA without electricity at 4 non-meridian points in each shoulder and upper arm. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin release test, glucose and lipid metabolism indicators such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, and interleukin (IL-6).@*RESULTS@#Twenty-six subjects in the true acupuncture group and 20 subjects in the sham group completed the clinical trial. After 16 weeks of treatment, no significant difference in the outcome measures were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). However, as compared with baseline data, a reduction in weight, BMI, hipline, WHR, fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity, visfatin and HDL-C, and an increase in resistin and IL-6 were observed in the true acupuncture group (P<0.05). In addition, a reduction in visfatin and an increase in TC were also observed in the sham group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Acupuncture may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of PCOS by improving glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, the sham acupuncture may be not completely ineffective. Sham acupuncture may improve some of the aspects of the glucose and lipid metabolism of PCOS patients through a placebo effect. (Registration Nos. ChiCTR-TRC-12002529 and NCT01812161).

Analysis of APC gene variants in a pedigree affected with familial adenomatous polyposis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a pedigree affected with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).@*METHODS@#The proband, with recurrence of blood in the stool, was diagnosed with FAP by endoscopy, pathological examination and a family history. She was subjected to next generation sequencing to detect genetic variant. Suspected variant was verified by Sanger sequencing of members from her pedigree.@*RESULTS@#The proband, her mother and brother were found to carry a heterozygous c.532-1G>A variant of the APC gene, which may lead to aberrant splicing of mRNA resulting in a truncated protein, which may lose its normal function and promote the tumorigenesis. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines, c.532-1G>A variant of APC gene was predicted to be pathogenic(PVS1+PP1+PP4+PP5).@*CONCLUSION@#The c.532-1G>A variant of the APC gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of FAP in this pedigree.

Molecular mechanism study of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules on promoting energy metabolism of gastrointestinal stromal cells / 中国中药杂志

Mechanism study was performed to explore how Shouhui Tongbian Capsules promotes energy metabolism of gastrointestinal stromal cells. In this study, gastrointestinal stromal cells line GIST-882 was used as the model to explore energy metabolism regulation effects of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules extract(10, 20, 50 and 100 μg·mL~(-1)) by measuring the cell proliferation, ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. Meanwhile, Western blot was used to detect the proteins expression of SCF/c-Kit and CDK2/cyclin A signaling pathways. Our results showed that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules promoted cell proliferation and increased ATP level of gastrointestinal stromal cells. In addition, Shouhui Tongbian Capsules obviously improved mitochondrial structural integrity, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in GIST-882 cells. Mechanism study revealed that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules increased mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and up-regulated the proteins expression of SCF/c-Kit and CDK2/cyclin A signaling pathways. Collectively, our study indicated that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules promoted the energy metabolism for gastrointestinal stromal cells proliferation by activating mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase to induce ATP production, as well as activating SCF/c-Kit and CDK2/cyclin A signaling pathways.

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules on slow transit constipation model mice / 中国中药杂志

Shouhui Tongbian Capsules was used to explore the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism on slow transit constipation model mice induced by loperamide hydrochloride. In the experiment, loperamide hydrochloride-induced ICR mice were used as the model of slow transit constipation. Fifty ICR mice were divided into the blank group, model group and high, medium and low dose groups of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules extract(100, 200 and 400 mg·kg~(-1)). The model group and the administration groups were then modeled using loperamide hydrochloride intragastrically to obtain slow transit constipation. After successful modeling, high, medium and low doses of drugs were given to each drug group by intragastric administration. After 14 days of administration, the first defecation time, 6 h defecation grain number, 6 h defecation wet weight and dry weight, black feces discharged within 6 h and the fecal water content were measured. Intestinal tissues were taken for c-Kit and SCF immunohistochemical sections to detect the expression of c-Kit and SCF in the blank group, model group and high, medium and low dose groups of the medicinal extract of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules. The tissue changes in the intestinal wall of mice were detected by HE staining. At the same time, partial intestinal tissues were taken to test the activity of ATP synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in intestinal tissues of mice. RESULTS:: showed that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules effectively improved the symptoms of slow transit constipation in ICR mice and promoted intestinal movement. Shouhui Tongbian Capsules obviously shortened the time of discharging black stool for the first time, improved the intestinal propulsion rate, increased the water content and amount of feces, and improved the constipation symptoms. Mechanism study revealed that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules increased ATP synthase activity and mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in intestinal tissue, and up-regulated c-Kit/SCF signaling pathway to promote interstitial Cajal cells proliferation, intestinal nerve transmission, intestinal motility and transport capacity.

Identification of intestine direct targets of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules using "target fishing" strategy / 中国中药杂志

"Target fishing" strategy was used to investigate the direct targets and mechanism of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules on relaxing bowel. Magnetic beads cross-linked with the chemical constituents from Shouhui Tongbian Capsules were prepared. The potential target proteins were captured from the total protein lysates of rat intestine using the beads. The captured proteins were further identified by LC-MS/MS, and the associated pathways were analyzed by Cytoscape. RESULTS:: showed that 138 potential target proteins were identified, which were involved in eight signaling pathways, including tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyrimidine metabolism, sulfur metabolism, fatty acid degradation, alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism, arginine/proline metabolism, valine/leucine/isoleucine degradation, and β-alanine metabolism. Taken together, Shouhui Tongbian Capsules may exert relaxing bowel effect by acting on multiple signaling pathways to promote intestinal gurgling, inhibit inflammation, as well as improve intestinal barrier function, intestinal water secretion, and intestinal flora.

Common errors analysis on measuring the APPLS related future liver remnant with CT′s image post-processing software / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To explore whether CT image post-processing software can accurately measure (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy, ALPPS) related (future liver remnant, FLR).Methods:Clinical data of 9 liver cancer patients undergoing ALPPS were retrospectively analyzed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from Mar 2015 to May 2019. All cases were divided into 2 groups by measurement: CT′s image post-processing software, or Myrian software. Two groups were compared with each other by paired t-test. Results:FLR from group CT′s image post-processing software was larger than that by Myrian software, there was statistical difference ( t=2.512, P=0.019). The mistakes of FLR measurements by the radiologist using CT′s image post-processing software couldbe caused by: (1)Lacking theoretical knowledge of liver surgery; (2) Adding devitalized tissue of hepatic section into future liver remnant; (3) Concept confusion about liver anatomy; (4) Lack of precision measurement. Conclusions:The inaccuracies generated during the ALPPS related future liver remnant measurements in CT′s image post-processing technique are all caused by human factors. These problems could be solved if the radiologist who operates 3D reconstruction receives liver surgery training or works with liver surgeons.

Association between maternal alcohol consumption and risk of congenital heart disease in offspring: a Meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association between maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring.@*METHODS@#PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and Weipu Database were searched for the articles on the association between maternal alcohol consumption and congenital heart disease in offspring. These articles were published up to November 30, 2019. A random effects model or a fixed effects model was used for the pooled analysis of the results of each study, and then the pooled effective value and its 95%CI were calculated. A subgroup analysis was performed to explore heterogeneous regulators. Funnel plots and an Egger's test were used to assess publication bias.@*RESULTS@#A total of 4 409 articles were searched, and 55 articles were finally included in this analysis, among which there were 6 cohort studies and 49 case-control studies. The Meta analysis showed heterogeneity across all studies (I=74%, P<0.01). The random effects model showed that maternal alcohol consumption was associated with CHD in offspring, with an OR of 1.18 (95%CI: 1.09-1.28). The Egger's test showed a certain degree of publication bias (P<0.05), and after adjustment, the pooled OR of CHD in offspring was 1.10 (95%CI: 1.01-1.21).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Maternal alcohol consumption may increase the risk of CHD in offspring.

Banxia Xiexin Decoction () Treats Diabetic Gastroparesis through PLC-IP / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To test the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (, BXD) on the contraction and relaxation of gastric smooth muscle (SM) in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) model rats, and to explore the mechanism of BXD in the prevention and treatment of DGP through experiments of signal pathway both in vivo and in vitro.@*METHODS@#Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups according to a random number table: control group, model group, high-, medium- and low-dose BXD groups (9.2, 4.6 and 1.8 g/(kg·d), respectively), and domperidone group (10 mg/(kg·d)), 10 rats per group. DGP model was established initially by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and was confirmed by recording gastric emptying, intestinal transport velocity and gastric myoelectric activity of rats after 2 months. Each group was treated with a corresponding drug for 4 weeks. The mRNA and protein expressions of phospholipase C (PLC), inositol triphosphate (IP@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, high- and medium-dose BXD and domperidone significantly increased the expressions of PLC, IP@*CONCLUSIONS@#Treatment with high- and medium-dose BXD significantly attenuated STZ-induced experimental DGP in rats. The therapeutic effect of BXD on DGP rats might be associated with the PLC-IP

Research progress and application of nanopore sequencing technology / 生物工程学报

Sequencing technology has been greatly improved in terms of throughput and cost. The single-molecule nanopore DNA sequencing, one of the major branches of the third-generation sequencing technology, has made great contributions in the fields of medicine and life sciences due to its advantages of ultra-long reading length, real-time detection and direct detection of base methylation modification, etc. This article briefly describes the principle of nanopore sequencing technology, and discusses its application in clinical, animal, plant, bacterial and virus fields and its future development direction.

Transplantation of free fibula composite tissue flap to repair bone and soft tissue defect after open fracture of proximal tibial / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical application and effect of free fibula composite tissue flap trans-plantation to repair bone and soft tissue defect after open fracture of proximal tibial.@*Methods@#From June, 2012 to June, 2018, free fibula composite tissue flap transplantations were applied to repair bone and soft tissue defect after open fracture of proximal tibial in 11 cases. Of the 11 cases, there were 10 males and 1 female(their ages ranged from 32 to 56, 36 on average); Six cases were caused by traffic accident, and 5 by crash. There were 3 fresh wounds and 8 chronic and infective wounds. Free fibular flaps were used in 7 cases, and free fibular flexor hallucis myocutaneous flaps were used in 4 cases. The fibular length with transplantation was 7-18 cm. The area of flaps or muscle flaps was ranged from 4 cm×8 cm to 8 cm×20 cm. Bone fracture healing was observed at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The function of injured extremity was evaluated in 1 year after surgical operation.@*Results@#All were successfully repaired, and composite tissue flaps survived. Of which, 10 wounds healed by first intention, and 1 wound healed by secondary intention, with the healing time of 12-18 days. All 11 cases were followed-up. The mean followed-up time was 18 months. The bone healing time ranged from 6 to 9 months (7 months on average). The Enneking Score System was applied to evaluate the leg function. Of the 11 cases, the mean scores was 25 (ranged from 22 to 27). The donor sites were not found malfunctional.@*Conclusion@#Transplantation of free fibula composite tissue flap can reduce the treatment time with good mechanical strength. It is an ideal method to repair bone and soft tissue defect after open fracture of proximal tibial.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy Through mTOR Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conservative serine/threonine protein kinase. Its biological function is mainly to participate in cell proliferation, growth and differentiation, so as to regulate the body's metabolic process. Many domestic and foreign studies have shown that mTOR is the junction of apoptosis and autophagy signal transduction pathways. Various stimuli, such as nutrition, drugs and oxidative stress, may play a key regulatory role in cell apoptosis and autophagy through mTOR-mediated signaling pathways. At present, many studies have shown that the change in mTOR signaling pathways is closely related to the pathogenesis of many human diseases, such as cancer, metabolic disorders(obesity and type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, age-related diseases and disorders of follicular. In recent years, more and more doctors have studied the regulatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine on apoptosis and autophagy, with the pathways as the starting point and cell apoptosis and autophagy as the research carriers. These studies include experimental studies on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by monomers of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Chinese patent medicine, compound prescription of TCM, acupuncture and other drugs and physiotherapy. Starting from the mTOR signaling pathways, this paper discusses the relationship between mTOR, apoptosis and autophagy, and reviews the recent progress of TCM in regulating apoptosis and autophagy through mTOR pathways, so as to provide ideas and references for further studies in this field. In the future, TCM doctors can still explore the time-effect relationship between apoptosis and autophagy based on mTOR signaling pathways under the guidance of the basic theory of Chinese medicine, in order to provide theoretical support and targets for the action mechanism of TCM on bodies.