The role of roxadustat in chronic kidney disease patients complicated with anemia

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide and the current prevalence rate is 13.4%. There are > 120 million CKD patients in China and this number is expected to increase. One of the main abnormalities in patients with CKD and kidney impairment is decreased synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO), which causes anemia and affects iron metabolism. The probability of developing is higher in anemia patients with CKD than in the general population, and the incidence increases as kidney function decreases. Deficient EPO production by the kidney is the most important cause of renal anemia. Notably, anemia in patients with CKD has multiple causes, such as bleeding caused by platelet dysfunction, iron deficiency due to digestive and absorption disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and shorter red blood cell life. Anemia is also a leading cause of hospitalization in patients with CKD. A new oral medication to treat renal anemia, the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor called roxadustat (FG-4592), regulates iron metabolism and promotes erythropoiesis. This drug has a therapeutic effect on patients with CKD. Roxadustat showed advantages over EPO in clinical experiments. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, clinical applications, effectiveness, and safety of roxadustat.

Cross lagged analysis of body shame, abnormal eating behavior and eating disorder tendency among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the longitudinal relationship between body shame, abnormal eating behavior and eating disorder tendency of adolescents, so as to provide reference for the intervention of eating problems among adolescents.@*Methods@#From September 2020, a total of 1 097 students from two high schools and two universities in Heilongjiang Province were investigated for three times (T1, T2 and T3) with an interval of 9 months. Adolescents completed the Chinese Body Shame Scale，the Chinese Version of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food(SCOFF) questionnaire. A cross lag analysis was used to explore the relationship between body shame, abnormal eating behavior and eating disorder tendency.@*Results@#The body shame, abnormal eating behavior and eating disorder tendency of adolescents showed an upward trend, but only the main effect of time on abnormal eating behavior was statistically significant ( F=3.78, P＜0.05, η 2=0.18), and the main effect of gender on three variables were statistically significant ( F=18.06, 30.48, 25.09, P ＜0.01). There were significant and positive correlations between body shame, abnormal eating behavior and eating disorder tendency at three wave survey (T1: r =0.34-0.58, T2: r =0.35-0.56, T3: r =0.33-0.53, P ＜0.01). Body shame could predict abnormal eating behavior across time ( β T1-T2 =0.13, β T2-T3 =0.08, P ＜ 0.05), and the predictive effect was stronger in female ( β T1-T2 =0.16, β T2-T3 =0.12, P ＜0.05), only the effect between T1 and T2 was significant in male ( β T1-T2 =0.09, P ＜0.05). Abnormal eating behavior ( β T1-T2 =0.14, β T2-T3 =0.15, P ＜0.01) and eating disorder tendency ( β T1-T2 =0.26, β T2-T3 =0.24, P ＜0.01) had cross time predictive effect. Abnormal eating behavior showed a mediating effect on the association between body shame and eating disorder tendency ( β ab =0.019, 95% CI=0.006-0.047, P ＜0.05), and the mediating effect was stronger in female ( β ab =0.029, 95% CI=0.008-0.053, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#Adolescents body shame positively predicts abnormal eating behavior. Abnormal eating behavior and eating disorder tendency interact with each other, and body shame can indirectly affect eating disorder tendency through acting on abnormal eating behavior.

Retrospective analysis on 77 cases of T4b hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated by non-surgical treatments / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness, safety and factors influencing the clinical prognosis of patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma in T4b by nonsurgical treatments. Methods: The clinical data of 77 patients with T4b hypopharyngeal cancer treated in the College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2010 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All were males, aged(57.0±8.0)years old. Patients were treated with induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was used to compare the effects of different factors on prognosis. Adverse reactions during treatments and the causes of death were analyzed. Results: 98.7% of 77 patients with T4b hypopharyngeal cancer completed the chemotherapy plan and 94.8% completed the radiotherapy plan. The most common adverse reactions were grade 2 radiation oral mucositis (50/77, 64.9%) and grade 2 leukopenia (50/77, 64.9%). The incidence of grade 3 severe hoarseness was 7.8% (6/77), one patient (1.3%) underwent gastrostomy due to dysphagia, and pronunciation and swallowing function were effectively preserved in other patients. The overall survival rate was 71.9% at 1 year, 45.6% at 3 years and 29.7% at 5 years. The location of tumor, the presence of liquefaction necrosis in tumor, the use of molecular targeted drugs and the approach of radiotherapy were independent factors,each of which that affected the prognosis of T4b patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer [HR (95%CI) were 1.867(1.085-3.213), 3.018 (1.437-6.335), 0.372 (0.181-0.764) and 2.158 (1.015-4.588), respectively, P<0.05]. The two leading causes of death with high incidence were disease recurrence (12/32, 37.5%) and cervical large vessel rupture and hemorrhage (11/32, 34.4%). Conclusions: Non-surgical comprehensive treatment offers a high laryngeal preservation rate in patients with T4b hypopharyngeal cancer. The location of tumor, the liquefaction necrosis within tumor, the use of molecular targeted drugs, and the approach of radiotherapy are independent prognostic factors.

Effect of dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel on prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel on the prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy.@*METHODS@#In the study, 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical statuses Ⅰ to Ⅱ, aged 18 to 72 years, scheduled for elective nasal endoscope surgery under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were randomly divided into dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel group (G group, n=30) and control group (C group, n=30). The patients in the G group received dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg before induction and the oxybuprocaine gel was applied to the endotracheal catheter cuff and the front end within 15 cm. The patients in the C group received the same dose of saline and the saline was applied to the endotracheal catheter cuff and the front end within 15 cm. Then, all the patients in the two groups received the same induction and anesthesia maintainance. The operation time, anesthesia time, emergence time, extubation time and departure time were recorded. The intraoperative infusion volume, blood loss volume, propofol, remifentanil, rocuronium dosage were also recorded. The adverse reactions such as intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia and postoperative agitation were recorded. The postoperative sore throat score was recorded at the end of operation and 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the C group, the emergence time [(8.4±3.9) min vs. (10.8±4.7) min], extubation time [(8.8±3.7) min vs. (11.9±4.8) min], and departure time [(20.0±5.3) min vs. (23.0±5.8) min] were significantly shorter, and the propofol dosage [(11.8±1.8) mg/kg vs. (15.9±4.6) mg/kg], remifentanil dosage [(10.9±4.7) μg/kg vs. (14.1±3.6) μg/kg] were significantly less in the G group, and there was no difference of rocuronium dosage in the two groups. Compared with the C group the incidence of intraoperative hypotension [10%(3/30) vs. 30%(9/30)], bradycardia [16.7%(5/30) vs. 20%(6/30)] and postoperative agitation [6.7%(2/30) vs. 23.3%(7/30)] were significantly lower in the C group. The postoperative sore throat score at the end of operation, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation in the G group were significantly lower than in the C group respectively [0 (0, 1) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0.75, 1), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0, 1)].@*CONCLUSION@#Dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel was effective and feasible on the prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy.

Spatiotemporal evolution of COVID-19 epidemic in the early phase in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: Based on the geographic information systems, we exploreed the spatiotemporal clustering and the development and evolution of COVID-19 epidemic at prefectural level in China from the time when the epidemic was discovered to the time when the lockdown ended in Wuhan. Methods: The information and data of the confirmed COVID-19 cases from December 8, 2019 to April 8, 2020 were collected from 367 prefectures in China for a spatial autocorrelation analysis with software GeoDa, and software ArcGIS was used to visualize the results. Software SatScan was used for spatiotemporal scanning analysis to visualize the hot-spot areas of the epidemic. Results: The incidence of new cases of COVID-19 had obvious global autocorrelation and the partial autocorrelation results showed that incidence of COVID-19 had different spatial distribution at different times from December 8, 2019 to March 4, 2020. There was no significant difference in global autocorrelation coefficient from March 5, 2020 to April 8, 2020. The statistical analysis of spatiotemporal scanning identified two kinds of spatiotemporal clustering areas, the first class clustering areas included 10 prefectures, mainly distributed in Hubei, from January 13 to February 25, 2020. The secondary class clustering areas included 142 prefectures, mainly distributed in provinces in the north and east of Hubei, from January 23 to February 1, 2020. Conclusions: There was a clear spatiotemporal correlation in the distribution of the outbreaks in the early phase of COVID-19 epidemic (December 8, 2019-March 4, 2020) in China. With the decrease of the case and effective prevention and control measures, the epidemics had no longer significant correlations among areas from March 5 to April 8. The study results showed relationship with time points of start and adjustment of emergency response at different degree in provinces. Furthermore, improving the early detection of new outbreaks and taking timely and effective prevention and control measures played an important role in blocking the transmission.

Selection Principles and Analysis of Common Prescriptions in Clinical Practice Guidelines of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Based on Cough in Children / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo collect common prescriptions from multiple channels based on the mainstream guidance materials combined with ancient books to provide references for the selection principles of common prescriptions in clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine. MethodWith the research on the selection of commonly used prescriptions in Clinical Practice Guidelines of Chinese and Western Medicine for Cough in Children as an example，the nation-recommended Schedule Ⅲ drugs and prescriptions for cough in children in the clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines of TCM （TCM and western medicine）/expert consensus/clinical pathway/diagnosis and treatment protocols，three TCM pediatric textbooks， the experience of famous experts， and ancient books were searched for the establishment of a prescription database and analysis of medication regularity. ResultThe results showed that there were 71 commonly used prescriptions for the treatment of cough in children. The top 3 clinically indicated syndromes were the syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking the lung，the syndrome of wind-heat invading the lung，and the syndrome of wind-cold attacking the lung，and the top 5 efficacies corresponding to high-frequency drugs were reliving cough and dyspnea， clearing heat/resolving phlegm， dispersing wind/dissipating cold， clearing heat/purging fire， and dispersing wind/dissipating heat. The most commonly used Chinese medicines included Armeniacae Semen Amarum， Platycodonis Radix， Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma， Ephedrae Herba， Scutellariae Radix， Pinelliae Rhizoma， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Some drugs showed high internal correlations with Armeniacae Semen Amarum and Platycodonis Radix. There were 228 prescriptions for the treatment of cough in children based on the ancient books in the Chinese Medical Code. The most commonly used Chinese medicines were Pinelliae Rhizoma， Armeniacae Semen Amarum， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Poria， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Platycodonis Radix， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， and Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma. The top 5 efficacies corresponding to high-frequency drugs were dispersing wind/dissipating cold， relieving cough and dyspnea， clearing heat/resolving phlegm， warming cold/resolving phlegm， and tonifying Qi. Some drugs showed high internal correlations with Pinelliae Rhizoma and Platycodonis Radix. As revealed by the comparison of ancient and modern medication， the medication principles could be roughly classified into two categories： ventilating the lung/descending Qi and resolving phlegm. In ancient medication， the drugs for cough in children were mainly used for warming， tonifying， dissipating cold， excreting water， alleviating edema， and astringing lung and intestines， while in modern medication， the prescriptions were mainly for dispersing wind， clearing heat， tonifying yin， and moistening dampness. ConclusionThis study systematically analyzed the commonly used prescriptions for the treatment of cough in children and provided references for the selection of TCM in clinical practice guidelines.

Selection Principles and Analysis of Common Prescriptions in Clinical Practice Guidelines of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Based on Cough in Children / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo collect common prescriptions from multiple channels based on the mainstream guidance materials combined with ancient books to provide references for the selection principles of common prescriptions in clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine. MethodWith the research on the selection of commonly used prescriptions in Clinical Practice Guidelines of Chinese and Western Medicine for Cough in Children as an example，the nation-recommended Schedule Ⅲ drugs and prescriptions for cough in children in the clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines of TCM （TCM and western medicine）/expert consensus/clinical pathway/diagnosis and treatment protocols，three TCM pediatric textbooks， the experience of famous experts， and ancient books were searched for the establishment of a prescription database and analysis of medication regularity. ResultThe results showed that there were 71 commonly used prescriptions for the treatment of cough in children. The top 3 clinically indicated syndromes were the syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking the lung，the syndrome of wind-heat invading the lung，and the syndrome of wind-cold attacking the lung，and the top 5 efficacies corresponding to high-frequency drugs were reliving cough and dyspnea， clearing heat/resolving phlegm， dispersing wind/dissipating cold， clearing heat/purging fire， and dispersing wind/dissipating heat. The most commonly used Chinese medicines included Armeniacae Semen Amarum， Platycodonis Radix， Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma， Ephedrae Herba， Scutellariae Radix， Pinelliae Rhizoma， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Some drugs showed high internal correlations with Armeniacae Semen Amarum and Platycodonis Radix. There were 228 prescriptions for the treatment of cough in children based on the ancient books in the Chinese Medical Code. The most commonly used Chinese medicines were Pinelliae Rhizoma， Armeniacae Semen Amarum， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Poria， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Platycodonis Radix， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， and Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma. The top 5 efficacies corresponding to high-frequency drugs were dispersing wind/dissipating cold， relieving cough and dyspnea， clearing heat/resolving phlegm， warming cold/resolving phlegm， and tonifying Qi. Some drugs showed high internal correlations with Pinelliae Rhizoma and Platycodonis Radix. As revealed by the comparison of ancient and modern medication， the medication principles could be roughly classified into two categories： ventilating the lung/descending Qi and resolving phlegm. In ancient medication， the drugs for cough in children were mainly used for warming， tonifying， dissipating cold， excreting water， alleviating edema， and astringing lung and intestines， while in modern medication， the prescriptions were mainly for dispersing wind， clearing heat， tonifying yin， and moistening dampness. ConclusionThis study systematically analyzed the commonly used prescriptions for the treatment of cough in children and provided references for the selection of TCM in clinical practice guidelines.

Inhibition of Escherichia coli nitroreductase by the constituents in Syzygium aromaticum / 中国天然药物

Gut bacterial nitroreductases play an important role in reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding N-nitroso compounds, hydroxylamines or aromatic amines, most of which are carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. Inhibition of gut nitroreductases has been recognized as an attractive approach for reducing mutagen metabolites in the colon, so as to prevent colon diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 55 herbal medicines against Escherichia coli(E. coli) nitroreductase (EcNfsA) were examined. Compared with other herbal extracts, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed superior inhibitory potency toward EcNfsA mediated nitrofurazone reduction. Then, the inhibitory effects of 22 major constituents in Syzygium aromaticum against EcNfsA were evaluted. Compared with other tested natural compounds, ellagic acid, corilagin, betulinic acid, oleanic acid, ursolic acid, urolithin M5 and isorhamnetin were found with strong to moderate inhibitory effect against EcNfsA, with IC50 values ranging from 0.67 to 28.98 mol·L-1. Furthermore, the inhibition kinetic analysis and docking simulation demonstrated that ellagic acid and betulinic acid potently inhibited EcNfsA (Ki < 2 μmol·L -1) in a competitively inhibitory manner, which created strong interactions with the catalytic triad of EcNfsA. In summary, our findings provide new scientific basis for explaining the anti-mutagenic activity of Syzygium aromaticum, where some newly identified EcNfsA inhibitors can be used for developing novel agents to reduce the toxicity induced by bacterial nitroreductase.

Referred Somatic Hyperalgesia Mediates Cardiac Regulation by the Activation of Sympathetic Nerves in a Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia / 神经科学通报·英文版

Myocardial ischemia (MI) causes somatic referred pain and sympathetic hyperactivity, and the role of sensory inputs from referred areas in cardiac function and sympathetic hyperactivity remain unclear. Here, in a rat model, we showed that MI not only led to referred mechanical hypersensitivity on the forelimbs and upper back, but also elicited sympathetic sprouting in the skin of the referred area and C8-T6 dorsal root ganglia, and increased cardiac sympathetic tone, indicating sympathetic-sensory coupling. Moreover, intensifying referred hyperalgesic inputs with noxious mechanical, thermal, and electro-stimulation (ES) of the forearm augmented sympathetic hyperactivity and regulated cardiac function, whereas deafferentation of the left brachial plexus diminished sympathoexcitation. Intradermal injection of the α2 adrenoceptor (α2AR) antagonist yohimbine and agonist dexmedetomidine in the forearm attenuated the cardiac adjustment by ES. Overall, these findings suggest that sensory inputs from the referred pain area contribute to cardiac functional adjustment via peripheral α2AR-mediated sympathetic-sensory coupling.

Isolation and identification of a new phytopathogen causing root rot of Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

Root rot was occurred widely in the production area of Rehmannia glutinosa, and which result in serious influence on the yield and quality of R. glutinosa. In the present work, a new phytopathogen was isolated from roots with root rot symptom in the production area of R. glutinosa. The colony of the pathogen growing on PDA medium was gray-black, the structure of hyphae was compact, the aerial hyphae was less developed, and the back of the colony was black. The hyphae of the pathogen were uneven in size, about 2 to 3 μm in diameter and twined with each other, the conidia of the pathogen were small, nearly round and about 1 μm in diameter. The healthy roots of R. glutinosa were inoculated with the pathogen in vitro, black-brown rot was observed at the inoculate sites after a few days' incubation. The rhizosphere soil of healthy R. glutinosa seedlings were inoculated in vivo, the leaves were wilted and the roots were black-brown rotted after several days' normal culture, the symptoms were consistent with those observed in the field. The genomic DNA of the pathogen was amplified by fungus rDNA-ITS universal primer ITS1/ITS4 and homologous analyzed, the pathogen was in a branch with Heterophoma sp., Phoma sp., P. novae-verbascicola and P. herbarum with the nuclear acid homology of 99.21% to 99.43%. The pathogen shown 97.00% to 98.02% nuclear acid homology with H. verbascicola, H. novae-verbascicola, H. poolensis, P. herbarum, H. sylvatica, H. verbascicola and H. verbasci-densiflori when amplified by the tub2 gene special primer Btub2 fd/Btub4 rd, and H. novae-verbascicola was the highest. The pathogen was in a branch with H. novae-verbascicola when amplified by the lsu gene special primer LR0 R/LR7. Based on the morphological characteristics, nucleotide sequence analysis and Koch's test results, the isolated pathogen causing root rot of R. glutinosa was identified as H. novae-verbascicola. This study is of great significance for the further theoretical research on root rot of R. glutinosa and root rot control in field.

Establishment of zebrafish calculation model and calculation of relative dose coefficients / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To assess impact of radiation from nuclear power on the surrounding environment, a dose assessment model was constructed and relevant dose coefficients were determined through refined animal models.Methods:Zebrafish is one of the most important aquatic model animals in the radiation hazard assessment of nuclear power liquid effluent. A geometric model of zebrafish containing internal bones and visceral organ was established for dose estimation. The internal and external dose coefficients (DC) of the zebrafish model were calculated by Monte Carlo method with seven nuclides as the source term, 3H, 40K, 58Co, 60Co, 110Ag, 134Cs, 137Cs, which are common in nuclear liquid effluents and environmental monitoring. Results:The level of nuclide gamma energy determines dose coefficients for external radiation. The dose coefficients of most nuclides in internal organs was higher than that in whole body, and the internal organ dose of 58Co was 165% higher than that in whole body. The internal radiation dose coefficients of the model established in this study was relatively high, and the internal radiation dose coefficients caused by 60Co was 2.6 times of existing ellipsoid model, which suggested that the different internal materials and the choice of different particle types would affect the energy deposition. Conclusions:Refining of model animals is important. Accurate assessment of the organs dose coefficients of model animals is helpful to assess the radiation effects on non-human species.

Multimodal ultrasonic diagnosis of breast fibromatosis originating from breast parenchyma / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the imaging characteristics of invasive fibromatosis from breast parenchyma, and to explore the clinical value of multimodal ultrasound.Methods:The two-dimensional, color Doppler and elastic imaging sonographic manifestations and pathological features of 12 cases of breast invasive fibromatosis included in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from October 2015 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively.Results:Two dimensional ultrasound showed that 12 cases of breast invasive fibromatosis grew in parallel, with different sizes, unclear boundary and no complete capsule. The edge morphology of 7 cases (7/12) showed crab foot like changes; The tumor showed solid heterogeneous hypoechoic, punctate hyperechoic in 3 cases (3/12), and echo attenuation behind the tumor in 3 cases (3/12); The blood flow in the tumor was mainly grade 1-2 (9/12). Twelve tumors were examined quantitatively by virtual touch tissue quantifification. The shear wave velocity was (3.08±0.75)m/s. The diagnostic accuracy of multimodal ultrasound in invasive fibromatosis of breast (10/12) was significantly higher than that of conventional ultrasound (3/12, χ 2=8.224, P=0.004). The gross manifestation of the tumor: the section was gray or gray yellow, with unclear boundary and no capsule; Microscopic findings: fascicular fibroblasts and myofibroblasts proliferated, accompanied by varying degrees of glassy degeneration, acellular atypia, nuclear division and necrosis. Conclusions:Conventional ultrasound is difficult to distinguish invasive fibromatosis and malignant tumor of breast, and its ultrasonic manifestations are closely related to pathological features. The combined application of multimodal ultrasound can significantly improve the diagnostic coincidence rate of the disease and has high clinical application value.

Reliability and validity of community commitment scale in community-dwelling elderly / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the reliability and validity of the community commitment scale (CCS) in community-dwelling elderly people.Methods:From May to August in 2020, a total of 526 community-dwelling elderly were investigated by community commitment scale, community's self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation (CSES). SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0 softwares were used to analyze the reliability and validity.Results:The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the community commitment scale was 0.818, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of social and belonging dimensions were 0.750 and 0.777, respectively. The Guttman split-half reliability coefficients were 0.799-0.835, and the test-retest reliability was 0.802. Each item-to-total score correlations were 0.614-0.753 (all P<0.05). The item level content validity index (I-CVI) was 0.830-1.000, the scale level content validity index (S-CVI/UA) was 0.875, and the average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.972. Two common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 57.019%. The confirmatory factor analysis all indicators reached the adaptation standard (χ 2/ df=2.638, RMSEA=0.079, GFI=0.957, AGFI=0.918, TLI=0.936, CFI=0.956, IFI=0.957), and standardized regression coefficients were 0.63-0.80. Conclusion:The Chinese version of the community commitment scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the social isolation of the elderly in the community.

Analysis of Chinese Patent Medicines in 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Part Ⅰ) for Cough of Children / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze the functions and indications， formulation， dosage form and medication characteristics of Chinese patent medicines in the 2020 edition of<italic> Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic> （part Ⅰ） for treating cough of children， and to provide ideas for the clinical rational application and provide reference for the research and development of new cough medicines for children. Method:The name， dosage form， formulation， functions and indications， usage and dosage， and other information of Chinese patent medicines for cough were collected from the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia </italic>（part Ⅰ）， then relevant information was input into Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine v2.0， and data analysis and mining were carried out through the analysis module of prescription medication rule， VOSviewer 1.6.14 was used to make drug clustering network view of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of exogenous wind cold， exogenous wind heat and phlegm heat cough. Result:In the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia </italic>（part Ⅰ）， a total of 75 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for treating cough of children were collected， including 34 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for adults and children， 41 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for children only. There were 7 types of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes， such as wind-cold attacking the lung， wind-heat invading the lung and phlegm-heat obstructing the lung. There were 45 Chinese patent medicines for treating exogenous cough， accounting for 60%， among which 35 kinds were used for exogenous wind-heat cough and 10 kinds were used for wind-cold cough. There were 30 kinds of Chinese patent medicines for treating internal injury cough， including 19 kinds of medicines for phlegm heat obstructing the lung， 4 kinds of medicines for phlegm dampness containing the lung and phlegm food stagnation， 2 kinds of medicines for Yin-deficiency lung heat， 1 kind of medicine for the lung and spleen Qi-deficiency. The formulation analysis showed that Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Platycodonis Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Armeniacae Semen Amarum and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium appeared frequently， which were mainly cold， bitter and sweet herbs， mainly belonged to the lung and stomach meridians. According to the analysis of administration and dosage forms， 71 kinds of Chinese patent medicines were administered through gastrointestinal tract， including 20 kinds of granules， 15 kinds of oral liquids， others included syrups， pills， capsules， tablets， powers， etc. Only 2 suppositories and 2 injections were administered by nongastrointestinal tract. The usage and dosage of most Chinese patent medicines were not clear. Conclusion:In the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia </italic>（part Ⅰ）， the main syndromes of Chinese patent medicines for cough of children are exogenous wind-heat and phlegm-heat obstruction in the lung. Most of the Chinese medicines are cold， bitter and sweet， and their meridians are mainly lung and stomach meridians. Scutellariae Radix， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus are the most common medicines of exogenous wind heat syndrome. Perillae Folium， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Ephedrae Herba are the most common medicines of exogenous wind cold syndrome. Meanwhile， Scutellariae Radix， Platycodonis Radix and Armeniacae Semen Amarum are the most common medicines of phlegm heat obstructing the lung syndrome. At present， the dosage forms of Chinese patent medicines used for treating cough of children are too few and the dosage labeling is not comprehensive， so it is necessary to further strengthen the research and development of new Chinese medicines suitable for characteristics of children.

Mechanical Properties of Calcification from Human Aortic Valve / 医用生物力学

Objective To measure mechanical properties of calcified tissues from human aortic valve by nanoindentation test. Methods Leaflets from 5 patients with aortic stenosis were collected. Elastic modulus and hardness of the calcified leaflets were obtained by nanoindentationtest. Results The elastic modulus and hardness of the calcified leaflets were (15.69±3.89) GPa and (0.59±0.15) GPa, respectively. Conclusions The elastic modulus and hardness of the calcified valve tissues can be obtained by nanoindentationtest, which provides experimental data for biomechanical research of the valve.

Proteomics investigation on periosteum of children with tibia congenital pseudarthrosis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To identify and analyze different proteins expression in the periosteum of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) using tandem mass tags (TMT) proteomics.Methods:The samples were divided into three groups, namely CPT with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) group (NF1-CPT group), CPT without NF1 group (nonNF1-CPT group) and control group (patients with open tibial fracture). A fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.66 and P-value <0.05 was regarded as the threshold to screen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Subsequently, bioinformatics resources such as online tools DAVID and STRING were used to conduct GO annotation, KEGG pathways enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with DEPs. Results:A total of 347 proteins differentially expressed in NF1-CPT group, 212 of which were up-regulated and 135 down-regulated. We identified 467 DEPs in nonNF1-CPT group, including 281 up-regulated and 186 down-regulated. Among of them, NF1-CPT group and nonNF1-CPT group shared 231 DEPs, except for HLA-DRB1 which increased in NF1-CPT group but decreased in nonNF1-CPT group. The remaining 230 DEPs showed the same expression trend in the two positive groups, including 117 up-regulated and 113 down-regulated. In particular, a total of 116 proteins were altered only in NF1-CPT group, including 94 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated. However, there were 236 proteins altered only in nonNF1-CPT group, including 164 up-regulated and 72 down-regulated. The results indicated that the pathogenesis of NF1-CPT was similar as nonNF1-CPT largely with a few differences. Finally, compared with nonNF1-CPT, there were 47 proteins changed 1.5-fold and P-value <0.05 in NF1-CPT group. Conclusion:The proteins expression in the periosteum of CPT is different from that of normal tibia. The expression of periosteal protein is also different between NF1-CPT and nonNF1-CPT. The present study will deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of CPT in the protein level.

Evaluation of left ventricular rotation and twist in patients with constrictive pericarditis after pericardiectomy with speckle tracking echocardiography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the left ventricular rotation and twist in patients with constrictive pericarditis (CP) after pericardiectomy by using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), and observe its trend over time.Methods:A total of 29 patients with CP from Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from September 2014 to December 2017 underwent echocardiography 1 week before and 1 month, 6 months, 12 months after pericardiectomy. STE was performed to obtain peak values of basal and apical rotation and left ventricular twist. Twenty-nine healthy subjects were recruited as controls in the same period.Results:The left ventricu1ar apical rotation[before surgery(6.62±3.19)°, 1 month after surgery(7.07±4.02)°, 6 months after surgery(7.88±4.46)°, 12 months after surgery(7.85±4.51)°], the left ventricu1ar twist [before surgery(10.50±4.94)°, 1 month after surgery(9.42±5.40)°, 6 months after surgery(9.59±4.62)°, 12 months after surgery(9.70±4.45)°] were significantly lower in patients with CP than those in controls [(11.22±5.17)°, (16.35±5.21)°](all P<0.05); while basal rotation in patients with CP after surgery among different time points were all significantly lower than those in controls[1 month after surgery(-3.85±3.20)°, 6 months after surgery(-3.49±2.09)°, 12 months after surgery(-3.53±2.01)°; controls(-5.57±2.78)°] (all P<0.05), with no significant difference between patients with CP before surgery (-5.22±3.14)° and controls (-5.57±2.78)°( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in left ventricular twist, basal and apical rotation in CP groups before and after surgery among different time points (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Although the left ventricular global function of patients with CP in the long postoperative period seems "normal" , the left ventricular twist, basal and apical rotation are still significantly lower than those in controls. STE can be used to assess the changes of left ventricular twist and rotation in patients with CP long-term after pericardiectomy.

Chronic Exposure to Hypoxia Inhibits Myelinogenesis and Causes Motor Coordination Deficits in Adult Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Exposure to chronic hypoxia is considered to be a risk factor for deficits in brain function in adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since active myelinogenesis persists in the adult central nervous system, here we aimed to investigate the impact of chronic hypoxia on myelination and the related functional consequences in adult mice. Using a transgenic approach to label newly-generated myelin sheaths (NG2-CreER

Research status and prospect of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis of urinary system tumors / 生物医学工程学杂志

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, researchers have applied it to the diagnosis of various tumors in the urinary system in recent years, and have obtained many valuable research results. The article sorted the research status of artificial intelligence technology in the fields of renal tumors, bladder tumors and prostate tumors from three aspects: the number of papers, image data, and clinical tasks. The purpose is to summarize and analyze the research status and find new valuable research ideas in the future. The results show that the artificial intelligence model based on medical data such as digital imaging and pathological images is effective in completing basic diagnosis of urinary system tumors, image segmentation of tumor infiltration areas or specific organs, gene mutation prediction and prognostic effect prediction, but most of the models for the requirement of clinical application still need to be improved. On the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the detection, classification, segmentation and other performance of the core algorithm. On the other hand, it is necessary to integrate more standardized medical databases to effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence models and make it play greater clinical value.

Antioxidant mechanism of gastrodin combined with isorhynchophylline in inhibiting MPP~+-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells / 中国中药杂志

Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis is the most frequently used herbal pair in the treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD). Gastrodin and isorhynchophylline are important components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis herb pair with anti-Parkinson mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrodin combined with isorhynchophylline on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP~+)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells and their antioxidant mechanism. The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) from cells to media was analyzed by spectrophotometry. Apoptotic cells were labeled with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) and propidium iodide(PI) and analyzed by flow cytometry. The cell cycle was analyzed using propidium iodide(PI) staining. Lipid peroxidation(LPO) level was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The mRNA expression of caspase-3 was examined by Real-time RT-PCR. The protein expressions of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) and NADPH: quinoneoxidore-ductase 1(NQO-1) were determined by Western blot. Gastrodin combined with isorhynchophylline reduced the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells and cell cycle arrest in MPP~+-induced PC12 cells. Gastrodin combined with isorhynchophylline down-regulated the mRNA expression of caspase-3, up-regulated the protein expressions of HO-1 and NQO-1, and reduced LPO content in MPP~+-induced PC12 cells. PD98059, LY294002 or LiCl could partially reverse these changes pretreated with gastrodin combined with isorhynchophylline, suggesting that gastrodin combined with isorhynchophylline inhibited MPP~+-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells and oxidative stress through ERK1/2 and PI3 K/GSK-3β signal pathways. Our experiments showed that gastrodin combined with isorhynchophylline could down-re-gulate the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and up-regulate the protein expressions of HO-1 and NQO-1, so as to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis.