Chemical synthesis of a synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block / 中国天然药物

Most bacterial cell surface glycans are structurally unique, and have been considered as ideal target molecules for the developments of detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as vaccines. Chemical synthesis has been a promising approach to prepare well-defined oligosaccharides, facilitating the structure-activity relationship exploration and biomedical applications of bacterial glycans. L-Galactosaminuronic acid is a rare sugar that has been only found in cell surface glycans of gram-negative bacteria. Here, an orthogonally protected L-galactosaminuronic acid building block was designed and chemically synthesized. A synthetic strategy based on glycal addition and TEMPO/BAIB-mediated C6 oxidation served well for the transformation of commercial L-galactose to the corresponding L-galactosaminuronic acid. Notably, the C6 oxidation of the allyl glycoside was more efficient than that of the selenoglycoside. In addition, a balance between the formation of allyl glycoside and the recovery of selenoglycoside was essential to improve efficiency of the NIS/TfOH-catalyzed allylation. This synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block will provide a basis for the syntheses of complex bacterial glycans.

Protection of Addition and Subtraction Therapy of Ditantang Combined with Taohong Siwutang to Brain Nerve of Patients with Cerebral Infarction and （Syndrome of Phlegm and Blood Stasis Blocking Collaterals） During Early Recovery / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss clinical effect of addition and subtraction therapy of Ditantang combined with Taohong Siwutang to cerebral infarction and syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals during early recovery， and to study protection to brain nerve. Method:One hundred and fifty-two patients were randomly divided into control group （76 cases） and observation group （76 cases） by random number table， 71 patients in control group completed the therapy （5 patients were falling off， missing visit or eliminated）， and 70 patients in observation group completed the therapy. Both groups' patients got comprehensive rehabilitation measures. Patients in control group got Zhongfeng Huichun pills， 1.5 g/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observation group got addition and subtraction therapy of Ditantang combined with Taohong Siwutang in the morning and at night， 1 dose/day. The treatment was continued for 12 weeks. Before and after treatment， scores of degree of neurological deficit， Barthel （BI） index， Fugl-Meyer scale （FMA）， modified Rankin scale （MRS） and syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals were graded. And levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， advanced oxidation protein products （AOPP）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and neuron specific enolase （NSE）. And cerebral hemodynamics were detected， and peak flow velocity （VS）， vascular resistance index （RI）， pulsatility index （PI） and cerebrovascular reserve function （CVR） were recorded. Safety was evaluated. Result:After the 6th week and 12th week of treatment， scores of degree of neurological deficit， BI， FMA， MRS， syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals， AOPP， MDA， NSE， RI and PI were lower than those in control group （P<0.01）， levels of SOD， GSH-Px， BDNF， VEGF， Vs and CVR were higher than those in control group （P<0.01）. The clinical effect was better than which in control group （Z=2.109， P<0.05）. Besides， there was no adverse reaction caused by Ditantang combined with Taohong Siwutang. Conclusion:Ditantang combined with Taohong Siwutang can ameliarate the hemodynamics， reduce the lipid peroxidation damage， regulate the neurovascular repair factor， so it can promote the repair of nerve tissue and function， clinically reduce the degree of nerve function defect， improve the ability of daily life and exercise when it used to cerebral infarction and syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals during early recovery， and it is good for clinical effect and safe using.

Combination of cervical elastographic parameters and cervical length for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in second trimester of pregnancy / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of cervical hardness and softness in the second trimester, and to explore the predictive value of the combination of cervical elastographic parameters and cervical length(CL) in spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB).Methods:The clinical data of 147 women with full-term birth(full-term birth group) and 24 women with sPTB(sPTB group) who received prenatal examination in Chengdu Women′s and Children′s Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were reviewed. Multiple parameters were measured between 16-28 gestational weeks by the transvaginal ultrasound E-cervix technique. CL, elasticity contrast index(ECI), hardness ratio(HR), mean strain at internal os(IOS), mean strain at external os(EOS), the ratio of IOS to EOS(IOS/EOS) were obtained.Elastographic parameters and CL were compared between the two groups. Furthmore, binary regression was established, while the area under ROC curve(AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of elastographic parameters and CL in sPTB, both alone and in combination with other parameters.Results:The elastographic parameters IOS and IOS/EOS in the sPTB group were higher than those in the full-term birth group, while HR and CL were lower than those in the full-term birth group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical differences of ECI and EOS between the two groups(both P>0.05). The AUCs of predicting sPTB with single IOS, IOS/EOS were 0.684 and 0.625, higher than the AUCs of HR, CL. The combination of IOS/EOS and CL, IOS and CL showed higher AUCs than elastographic parameters alone, with the AUC 0.788 of IOS/EOS combined with CL. The sensitivity was 70.8%, and the specificity was 87.3% corresponding to the optimum cutoff value(IOS/EOS was 1.22, CL was 3.46 cm). Conclusions:In the second trimester, sPTB has a lower hardness cervix than that of full-term women, especially the internal os of cervix. The combination of IOS/EOS and CL tends to improve the ability of predicting sPTB in pregnant women.

Determination of Immunoglobulin Content in Humoral Immunity Evaluation of Biomedical Material Products by Cytometric Beads Array / 中国医疗器械杂志

In this study, cytometric beads array(CBA) was used to determine the immunoglobulin content in humoral immunity evaluation of biomedical materials. The bovine-derived acellular dermal matrix was selected as a test sample and implanted into Balb/C mice subcutaneously to 4 weeks according to the high, medium and low dose groups. Four weeks later, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgA, and IgM were measured by CBA. The data of the test group and the control group were analyzed statistically. The results showed that compared with the negative control group, there was no significant difference in the IgG3, IgA content in the positive control group, while the IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM contents were significantly higher than the negative control group; no significant differences were seen in the sample groups. The results show that the method is suitable for analysis of immunoglobulin content in humoral immunity evaluation of biomedical materials.

Current Progress on Biological Evaluation for Medical Devices / 中国医疗器械杂志

To broadly understand the new direction of biological evaluation for medical devices, we introduced both domestic and international progress of biological evaluation and focused on illustrating the key points on full life-cycle biological evaluation, toxicological risk evaluation, evaluation endpoints and package material evaluation concern as well as how to use the update vision of ISO 10993-1:2018 scientifically and reasonably in order to provide us better services on performing biological evaluation for medical devices.

Correction to: Core transcriptional signatures of phase change in the migratory locust

In the original publication the photo of the gregarious adult locust in Fig. 1A is incorrect. The correct photo of adult migratory locust is provided in this correction.

Study on CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between methylation level of its promoter region and liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mongolian tuberculosis patients in Inner Mongolia / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are few studies on whether the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ADIH) is associated with the polymorphism of CYP2E gene and methylation level. This study aims to CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between the methylation level of the promoter region and ADIH in Mongolian tuberculosis (TB) patients.Methods A total of 135 Mongolian TB patients who received standardized treatment at the Tuberculosis Research Institute of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia from November 2015 to June 2018 were selected. According to the ADIH criteria, TB patients with liver injury were selected as the ADIH group (n=45), and TB patients without liver injury were matched as the control group based on a ratio of 1∶2 (n=90). DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to amplify the CYP2E1 gene to determine the CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, and to analyze the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and relationship between ADIH and promoter methylation level.Results There were no significant differences in the distribution of CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, C1 and C2 gene frequencies between the ADIH group and the control group (P>0.05). The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene in ADIH group (0.711±0.085) was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.759±0.062). Results of Logistic regression showed that the overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was the influencing factor for the occurrence of ADIH (P<0.005). For each 0.1 unit increase of methylation level, the risk of ADIH occurrence reduced by 0.388 times, and the OR (95% CI) value was 0.388 (between 0.204 and 0.739).Conclusion The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was reduced in Mongolian ADIH patients, but the polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene was not related to the occurrence of ADIH. These results suggested that CYP2E1 methylation could be applied to the prevention and treatment of ADIH in patients with tuberculosis.

Study on CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between methylation level of its promoter region and liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mongolian tuberculosis patients in Inner Mongolia / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are few studies on whether the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ADIH) is associated with the polymorphism of CYP2E gene and methylation level. This study aims to CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between the methylation level of the promoter region and ADIH in Mongolian tuberculosis (TB) patients.Methods A total of 135 Mongolian TB patients who received standardized treatment at the Tuberculosis Research Institute of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia from November 2015 to June 2018 were selected. According to the ADIH criteria, TB patients with liver injury were selected as the ADIH group (n=45), and TB patients without liver injury were matched as the control group based on a ratio of 1∶2 (n=90). DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to amplify the CYP2E1 gene to determine the CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, and to analyze the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and relationship between ADIH and promoter methylation level.Results There were no significant differences in the distribution of CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, C1 and C2 gene frequencies between the ADIH group and the control group (P>0.05). The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene in ADIH group (0.711±0.085) was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.759±0.062). Results of Logistic regression showed that the overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was the influencing factor for the occurrence of ADIH (P<0.005). For each 0.1 unit increase of methylation level, the risk of ADIH occurrence reduced by 0.388 times, and the OR (95% CI) value was 0.388 (between 0.204 and 0.739).Conclusion The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was reduced in Mongolian ADIH patients, but the polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene was not related to the occurrence of ADIH. These results suggested that CYP2E1 methylation could be applied to the prevention and treatment of ADIH in patients with tuberculosis.

Discussion on Prescription Discovery and Molecular Mechanism of Portulacae Herba in Treating Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data Mining and Integrative Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:A new prescription containing Portulacae Herba was created and the molecular mechanism of the new prescription for treating diabetes was clarified based on big data of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Method:Taking Portulacae Herba as the key word， the TCM Inheritance Support System and Encyclopedia of TCM （ETCM） were used to excavate the most frequently used medicines combined with Portulacae Herba， and form a new prescription. Based on the basic theory of TCM， this paper analyzed the rationality of the new prescription in treating diabetes， and used the Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of TCM （TCMIP） to predict the target of the new prescription， and constructed the interaction network between drugs and targets of diabetes-related diseases， the key targets of drug intervention were enriched and analyzed， and the network graph of TCM-chemical composition-key target-pathway was drawn. Result:There were 89 prescriptions containing Portulacae Herba in ETCM. The most frequently used medicines in combination with Portulacae Herba were Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex， Rehmanniae Radix and Saposhnikoviae Radix， the four medicines were combined into a new prescription. According to the new prescription to treat diabetes， 89 key core target information was obtained， among which there were 10 targets of drug and disease， including phosphoinositide-3 kinase regulatory subunit 1 （PIK3R1）， insulin （INS）， glucokinase （GCK）， etc. The new prescription treated diabetes by regulating growth hormone receptor signaling， protein kinase A （PKA） activation， adrenoceptors and other pathways. Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of new prescription containing Portulacae Herba created by big data analysis of TCM on diabetes reflects multi-component， multi-target， multi-pathway characteristics of TCM， which can provide scientific basis for explaining the mechanism and material basis of this new prescription in the treatment of diabetes.

Methodology quality assessment on study design and analysis of clinical research projects / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Clinical research is a critical procedure for the development of medicine.Reliability of the clinical research finding is determined by the quality of study design and analysis courses.It will also further impact the guideline development and clinical practice.This study was focus on the evaluation of clinical research quality during its whole process.Methods Subjects of this study were the clinical summary reports from a government funded project which were submitted in 2016.Standardized data collecting form had been used to capture the key features regarding to the quality of study design and data analysis.After the review of data accuracy,descriptive analysis had been carried to interpret the observed findings both for design and analysis aspects.Results There were 67 project summary reports included in our analysis.The top three investigated therapeutic areas were oncology,cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases and orthopedics (19.4 ％,11.9 ％ and 11.9 ％).Most of studies fulfilled the evaluation criteria according to their original plan.94 ％ studies were strictly compliance with the original protocol with no interim amendment.Meanwhile,the report on sample size determination and appropriate use of multi-variable analysis should be improved.Conclusions Usually,clinical research program can fulfill the evaluate goal according to funding requirements.But the methodology quality should be paid more attention.It is highly suggested to cooperate with the professional statistical team and do continuous improvement effort to enhance the validity of study findings.

Protective effect of Ghrelin against oxidative stress induced by high glucose in human retinal pigment epithelium cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To investigate the effect of Ghrelin on oxidative stress induced by high glucose in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. ·METHODS: RPE cells were cultured and divided into the negative control group, high sugar group, Ghrelin low dose group ( 10-9mol/L ) and high dose group (10-6mol/L). Cells survival rate were detected by CCK-8 colorimetry, cells oxidative damage were observed by oxygen sensitive fluorescence probe H2DCFDA staning, changes of intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) were detected by H2DCFDA staining, super oxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content were detected by spectrophotometer colorimetry. ·RESULTS: CCK-8 results showed that RPE cells survival rate increased to 54.79%±3.43% and 79.16%±3.29% after treated with 10-9mol/L, 10-6mol/L Ghrelin, the difference was statistically significant compared with high glucose group (41.65%±3.42%)(P<0.05). H2DCFDA fluorescent probe dying showed that Ghrelin reduced ROS generation in RPE cells and decreased oxidative damage cells. Spectrophotometer colorimetric method showed that according to the high sugar group, SOD activity increased and MDA content decreased in Ghrelin group. ·CONCLUSION: Ghrelin could inhibit high glucose - induced oxidative damage in human RPE cells, which has protective effect on the process of the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Therapeutic effect of improved macular hole surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To compared the therapeutic effect of improved macular hole surgery to traditional macular hole surgery for idiopathic macular hole (IMH).· METHODS:From April 2014 to June 2017,28 eyes of 28 IMH patients who were treated in our hospital were selected consecutively and received surgical treatment independently performed by the same physician in our hospital.The patients were divided into A (traditional group) and B (improvement group) groups.All 13 cases in Group A were treated with traditional vitrectomy internal limiting membrane peeling and C3 F8 tamponade,while all 15 cases in Group B were treated with improved indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade.All patients were reviewed at 1wk,1,3,and 6mo after surgery.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after the operation,operation time,closure rate of the macular hole during the last review and prone time were compared between the two groups of patients.· RESULTS:There was no significant difference in closure rate between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).Postoperative BCVA increased in both groups compared with preoperatively and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference on BCVA between the two groups both preoperatively and postoperatively (P ＞ 0.05).The operation time in Group B was significantly shorter than that in Group A (P＜0.05).Prone time in Group B was significantly shorter than that in Group A,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSION:This study shows that compared with the traditional group,the improved indocyanine green-assisted peeling of internal limiting membrane combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade can achieve similarly high closure rates while the operation procedure was simplified and the operation time was shortened.Reduced number of instruments into and out of the incision can reduce the incidence of complications.The postoperative patient's prone time is significantly shortened,with high comfort and good compliance.

Cytotoxic effects of γδT cells on bladder cancer cells and expression of MICA/B in bladder cancer / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of γδT cells against bladder cancer and to detect the expression of stress proteins MICA/B recognized by γδT cells in bladder cancer.@*METHODS@#γδT cells from peripheral blood drawn from 6 bladder cancer patients with pamidronate stimulating were expanded. Flow cytometry was used to detect the purity and expansion folds of γδT cells, and the expression of CD107a on γδT cells after PMA/ionomycin stimulated. The cytotoxicity assay was carried out to test the cytotoxicity of γδT cells against human bladder cancer cell lines. The expression of MICA/B on bladder cancer cell lines and in bladder cancer tissues were detected through flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry respectively.@*RESULTS@#γδT cells from peripheral blood drawn from 6 bladder cancer patients were successfully expanded. The purity was 75%-94% and the expansion folds were 109-371 times. After being stimulated by PMA/ionomycin, the proportion of CD107a+ γδT cells increased significantly, reaching 40%-82%. γδT cells from the 6 bladder cancer patients showed obvious cytotoxic effects on 3 human bladder cancer cell lines which was enhanced as the effector: the target ratio increased. MICA/B were detected both in 3 bladder cancer cell lines and in 26 bladder cancer tissues. The staining score of MICA/B in invasive bladder cancer was slightly higher than that in non-invasive bladder cancer, and in advanced bladder cancer was higher than that in low grade bladder cancer, but the statistical analysis showed that the staining score of MICA/B was no significant correlation between the tissue and the tumor stages and grades.@*CONCLUSION@#γδT cells from the peripheral blood of the bladder cancer patients could be successfully expanded in vitro, and showed significant anti-bladder cancer effect. MICA/B were detected both in bladder cancer cell lines and in bladder cancer tissues. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the staining scores of MICA/B in the tissue and the tumor stages and grades.

Rational selection of antibacterial drugs and postoperative nursing for gynecologic and obstetric surgery patients

Infection after gynecologic surgery is very common and frequent. If the control is not good, it will lead to serious consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to use antibiotics in the period of obstetrics and gynecology. This study will explore the use of antimicrobial agents in gynecologic and obstetric surgery, thus standardizing the use of antibiotics in the process of obstetrics and gynecology. Through the analysis of the use of antibacterials, we can see that the highest utilization rate of 5 kinds of antibacterial drugs followed by Cefaclor Sustained Release Tablets [65.7%], metronidazole [32.5%], cefathiamidine [26.8%], enoxacin [22.5%] and cefoperazone tazobactam sodium [11.8%]. At the same time, the hospital should improve the consciousness of rational drug use and strengthen the administration of antibacterials in the operative period of obstetrics and gynecology. The application of antibiotics in the operative period of the department of obstetrics and gynecology can improve the current situation of its irrational use. Nursing work must take strict aseptic operation to prevent cross infection. At the same time, we should strengthen the observation of the effect of medication, monitor the body temperature and blood pressure, and identify the side effects of drugs

Anticomplementary activity and constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the anticomplementary ac-tivity and active constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria. Methods Being guided by bioactive screening,the anticomplementary constituents of P.urinaria were iso-lated and purified by solution partition and chromato-graphic techniques,and their structures were identified by 13C-NMR spectrum and the comparison of reported data. The anticomplementary activity and possible mechanism were assayed.Results The EtOAc fraction of the methanol extract of P.urinaria was shown to be the active fraction,and two compounds were purified from the fraction and were identified as corilagin and ellagic acid.The EtOAc and the two compounds signifi-cantly inhibited the hemolysis of the complement classi-cal pathway,with IC50values of 53.77 mg·L-1, 176.54 mg·L-1and 102.23 mg·L-1,respectively. While they just showed slight effect on inhibiting the hemolysis of the complement alternative pathway. All of them affected the formation of C3 convertase of the classical pathway. Conclusions The polyphenols are main anticomplentary constituents of P. urinaria,and its mechanism is related to inhibiting formation of C3 convertase of the classical pathway.

Design and Practical Exploration of Interdisciplinary Knowledge Service Application / 医学信息学杂志

From the perspectives like connotation,characteristics,design idea and realization path,the paper expounds on design of interdisciplinary knowledge service application;taking environmental health field as an example,it introduces the design and development of interdisciplinary knowledge service system function,summarizes the existing problems based on the application effect and puts forward corresponding suggestions.

Comparative Analysis of Linguistic Features in Medical Knowledge Base / 医学信息学杂志

Taking Physician Data Query (PDQ(R)),which is provided for doctors and patients by National Cancer Institute (NCI),for example,the paper carries out comparative analysis on professional and public editions of PDQ from the perspective of vocabulary and syntax to make clear the significant statistical difference between the knowledge bases facing patients and doctors.

Clinical significance of high mobility group protein B1 in patients with severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the changes of serum level of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in patients with severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis.Methods Fifty patients with severe pneumonia complicated with sepsisin in Respiratory Intensive Care Unit(RICU) of Xinxiang Central Hospital from April 2014 to March 2017 were selected as observation group;while 50 healthy individuals were selected as control group.The patients in the observation group were divided into death group(n =32) and survival group(n =18) according to the prognosis.The serum levels of procalcitonin(PCT) and HMGB1 of patients in the observation group were detected on the 1st,3rd,7th day of patients hospitalized in the RICU,while the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE lⅡ)scores of the patients were evaluated.The serum levels of PCT and HMGB1 of subjects in the control group were detected during physical examination.Results There was no statistic difference in the mean arterial pressure,oxygenation index,body temperature and total white cell count of patients between the death group and survival group(P ＞0.05).On the first day of patients hospitalized in the RICU,the serum levels of PCT and HMGB1 of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.05).The serum levels of HMGB1 and the APACHEⅡ scores of patients in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group at each time point(P ＜0.05).On the first day of patients hospitalized in the RICU,there was no statistic difference in the serum level of PCT of patients between the death group and survival group (P ＞ 0.05);the serum level of PCT of patients in the death group was significantly higher than that in the survival group at another time point (P ＜ 0.05).The serum level of HMGB1 of patients in the observation group was positively correlated with the PCT and APACHE Ⅱ score (r =0.562,0.460;P ＜0.05).Conclusion The serum level of HMGB1 in patients with severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis is increased;and the increase of serum level of HMGB1 in the death cases is more obvious than that in the survival cases.So it can be used to evaluate the patient's condition and judge the prognosis.

Clinical observation of exenatide for treatment of obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To observe the clinical effect of exenatide for treatment of obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) conplicated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods Eighty patients of obesity T2DM complicated with OSAHS in the Department of Endocrinology,the First People's Hospital of Xinxiang from August 2014 to August 2016 were chosen and randomly divided into observation group(n =40) and control group(n =40).The patients in control group taken orally mefformin 800 mg twice daily for 24 weeks;based on this,the patients in observation group were injected subcutaneously exenatide 10 μg at one hour before meal,twice daily for 24 weeks.The fasting blood glucose (FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hPBG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 C),body mass index (BMI),waistline,total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),apnea hypoventilation index (AHI),Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score,the lowest oxygen saturation in sleep (LSpO2) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results There was no statistic difference in the HbA1 C,FPG,2 hPBG levels of patients between the two groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05);the HbA1 C,FPG,2 hPBG levels of patients in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05);and the HbA1 C,FPG,2 hPBG levels of patients in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistic difference in the BMI,waistline and TC,TG levels of patients between the two groups before treatment(P ＞ 0.05);the BMI,waistline and TC,TG levels of patients in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05);and the BMI,waistline and TC,TG levels of patients in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistic difference in the AHI,ESS scores,SpO2 and LSpO2 levels of patients between the two groups before treatment(P ＞0.05);the AHI,ESS scores,SpO2 and LSpO2 levels of patients in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P ＜0.05);and the AHI,ESS scores,SpO2 and LSPO2 levels of patients in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(P ＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reaction of patients in observation group and control group was 7.5％ (3/40) and 5.0％ (2/40) respectively;there was no statistic difference in the incidence of adverse reaction between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Exenatide can effectively control blood glucose,improve the function of beta cells and reduce insulin resistance.It can effectively reduce body weight,BMI and waistline,improve the quality of sleep breathing.

Electrochemical Immunosensor for Microcystin-LR Detection Based on Nano-composite Material Immobilization and Enzymatic Amplification / 分析化学

A competitive electrochemical immunosensor based on the nano-composite material immobilization and enzymatic amplification was designed for detection of microcystin-LR. Gold nanoparticles/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AuNPs/c-MWCNTs) composite film, which formed by electrodepositing of AuNPs on the C-MWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode,was used for the immobilization of the antibody of microcystin-LR (anti-MCLR). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced onto the nanocomposite interface by HRP blocked sensing interface and specific capture of antibody with target. It could be employed to catalyze the reduction of H2O2, and to block the possible remaining active sites as well. A competitive immunoreaction between antigen and MCLR-HRP was used for target analysis. In the presence of H2O2and hydroquinone (HQ),MCLR could be indirectly detected with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method by determining the reduction current of HQ. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed immunosensor exhibited wide linear ranges in the concentration ranges of 0.1-100.0 μg/L, with a detection limit of 0.038 μg/L (S/N = 3,n=8). The immunosensor showed good specificity, stability and sensitivity. It was used to determine MCLR in real water samples with the recoveries of 72.9%-117.3%.