Influences of pnf stretching on physical fitness in aerobic athletes / Influências do alongamento pnf na aptidão física em atletas de aeróbica / Influencias del estiramiento pnf sobre la aptitud física en atletas aeróbicos

ABSTRACT Introduction: The quality of flexibility greatly impacts the performance of aerobics athletes. It is believed that stretching by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) can contribute to this aspect by maximizing active joint range motion. Objective: Explore the influences of PNF stretching on the physical fitness of aerobics athletes. Methods: 24 professional aerobics athletes were selected, and randomly distributed into two groups with no statistical discrepancies in physical indices. PNF stretching exercise was performed on aerobics athletes in the experimental group, while no training intervention was performed in the control group. Physical fitness was assessed before and after the nine weeks of the intervention. Results: After PNF stretching training, the lower limb vertical score in the experimental group was from 6.58±0.19 to 8.20±0.47, and the transverse pronation score changed from 5.95±0.35 to 7.09±0.61. The vertical score in the control group was from 6.44±59.89 to 6.83±0.37 after the experiment; the transverse pronation penetration score was from 5.78±0.37 to 6.58±0.33. Conclusion: PNF stretching can effectively improve athletes' physical fitness, both statically and dynamically, generating gains in range of motion and providing favorable conditioning for overall competitive performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A qualidade da flexibilidade tem um grande impacto sobre o desempenho dos atletas de aeróbica, e acredita-se que o alongamento por facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (PNF) possa contribuir neste quesito com a maximização da amplitude de movimento articular ativa. Objetivo: Explorar as influências do alongamento PNF sobre a aptidão física dos atletas de aeróbica. Métodos: Foram selecionadas 24 atletas profissionais de aeróbica, aleatoriamente distribuídas em dois grupos sem discrepâncias estatísticas nos índices físicos. Foi realizado o exercício de alongamento PNF em atletas de aeróbica no grupo experimental, enquanto nenhuma intervenção de treinamento foi realizada no grupo de controle. A aptidão física foi avaliada antes e após as nove semanas da intervenção. Resultados: Após o treinamento de alongamento PNF, a pontuação de membros inferiores vertical no grupo experimental foi de 6,58±0,19 para 8,20±0,47, e a pontuação da pronação transversal mudou de 5,95±0,35 para 7,09±0,61. A pontuação vertical no grupo de controle foi de 6,44±59,89 para 6,83±0,37 depois do experimento; a pontuação da penetração transversal de pronação foi de 5,78±0,37 para 6,58±0,33. Conclusão: O alongamento PNF pode efetivamente melhorar a aptidão física das atletas, tanto estática quanto dinâmica, gerando ganhos à amplitude de movimento proporcionando um condicionamento favorável ao desempenho competitivo geral. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La calidad de la flexibilidad tiene un gran impacto en el rendimiento de los atletas de aeróbic, y se cree que el estiramiento por facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva (PNF) puede contribuir en esta cuestión con la maximización de la amplitud articular activa de movimiento. Objetivo: Explorar las influencias del estiramiento PNF en la condición física de atletas de aeróbic. Métodos: Fueron seleccionados 24 atletas profesionales de aeróbic, distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos sin discrepancias estadísticas en los índices físicos. Se realizaron ejercicios de estiramiento PNF en los atletas de aeróbic del grupo experimental, mientras que en el grupo de control no se realizó ninguna intervención de entrenamiento. Se evaluó la aptitud física antes y después de las nueve semanas de intervención. Resultados: Tras el entrenamiento de estiramiento PNF, la puntuación vertical de las extremidades inferiores en el grupo experimental fue de 6,58±0,19 a 8,20±0,47, y la puntuación de pronación transversal cambió de 5,95±0,35 a 7,09±0,61. La puntuación vertical en el grupo de control fue de 6,44±59,89 a 6,83±0,37 después del experimento; la puntuación de penetración de pronación transversal fue de 5,78±0,37 a 6,58±0,33. Conclusión: El estiramiento PNF puede mejorar eficazmente la condición física de los atletas, tanto estática como dinámica, generando ganancias en el rango de movimiento y proporcionando un acondicionamiento favorable para el rendimiento competitivo general. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Influences of balance training on motor coordination in aerobics students / Influências do treinamento do equilíbrio na coordenação motora dos estudantes de aeróbica / Influencia del entrenamiento del equilibrio en la coordinación motora de estudiantes de aeróbic

ABSTRACT Introduction: The standardization of body movements is essential for aerobics gymnastic practitioners and motor coordination for the execution of consecutive movements of large amplitudes is strongly related to balance ability. Therefore, it is believed that balance training can positively impact motor coordination in aerobics students Objective: Explore the influences of balance training on motor coordination in aerobics students. Methods: 100 volunteers were selected as aerobics students, divided into an experimental and a control group for a 6-week experiment. The experimental group was given a balance training protocol, while the control group maintained the traditional teaching protocol. Data on functional exercises and fitness indices were collected before and after the experiment for comparison and analysis. Results: The difference in the exercise in the unipodal orthostatic position with eyes closed was 6.45, the difference in the balance test in the swallow position was 4.04, the difference in the later-forward Y balance exercise was 1.88, the later-posterior was 2.09, and posterior Y balance was 2.53. The difference between all items in the control group was small, especially the three items of frontal, lateral, posterior, and mid-posterior Y balance. Conclusion: Balance training positively affected the motor coordination of aerobics students, resulting in a statistically significant increase in all analyzed postural balance indexes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A padronização dos movimentos corporais é essencial para os praticantes de ginástica aeróbica e a coordenação motora para a execução de movimentos consecutivos de grandes amplitudes está fortemente relacionada à capacidade de equilíbrio. Acredita-se, por isso, que o treino de equilíbrio possa impactar positivamente a coordenação motora dos estudantes de aeróbica Objetivo: Explorar as influências do treinamento de equilíbrio na coordenação motora dos estudantes de aeróbica. Métodos: Foram selecionados 100 voluntários estudantes de aeróbica, divididos em grupo experimental e controle para um experimento de 6 semanas. Ao grupo experimental foi incrementado um protocolo de treinamento de equilíbrio, enquanto o grupo de controle manteve o protocolo de ensino tradicional. Os dados pertinentes aos exercícios funcionais e índices de aptidão física foram coletados antes e após o experimento para comparação e análise. Resultados: A diferença do exercício em posição ortostática unipodal de olhos fechados foi 6,45, a diferença no teste de equilíbrio em posição de andorinha foi 4,04, a diferença do exercício de equilíbrio latero-dianteiro em Y foi 1,88, latero-posterior foi 2,09, e posterior em Y foi 2,53. A diferença de todos os itens do grupo de controle foi pequena, especialmente os três itens de equilíbrio frontal, lateral, posterior e médio-posterior em Y. Conclusão: O treinamento de equilíbrio afetou positivamente a coordenação motora dos estudantes de aeróbica, resultando num incremento estatisticamente expressivo em todos os índices de balanço postural analisados. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La estandarización de los movimientos corporales es esencial para los practicantes de gimnastica aeróbic y la coordinación motora para la ejecución de movimientos consecutivos de gran amplitud está fuertemente relacionada con la capacidad de equilibrio. Por lo tanto, se cree que el entrenamiento del equilibrio puede influir positivamente en la coordinación motora de los estudiantes de aeróbic Objetivo: Explorar las influencias del entrenamiento del equilibrio en la coordinación motora de los estudiantes de aeróbic. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 100 voluntarios estudiantes de aeróbic, divididos en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control para un experimento de 6 semanas. Al grupo experimental se le incrementó un protocolo de entrenamiento del equilibrio, mientras que el grupo de control mantuvo el protocolo de enseñanza tradicional. Se recogieron datos relativos a ejercicios funcionales e índices de aptitud física antes y después del experimento para su comparación y análisis. Resultados: La diferencia en el ejercicio en posición ortostática unipodal con ojos cerrados fue de 6,45, la diferencia en la prueba de equilibrio en posición de deglución fue de 4,04, la diferencia en el ejercicio de equilibrio latero-direccional en Y fue de 1,88, latero-posterior fue de 2,09, y posterior en Y fue de 2,53. La diferencia de todos los ítems en el grupo de control fue pequeña, especialmente los tres ítems de equilibrio frontal, lateral, posterior y medio-posterior en Y. Conclusión: El entrenamiento en equilibrio afectó positivamente a la coordinación motora de los estudiantes de aeróbic, resultando en un incremento estadísticamente expresivo en todos los índices de equilibrio postural analizados. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Analysis of medication rules of TCM for perimenopausal syndrome based on literature mining / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of PMS. Methods The literature related to PMS were collected from China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang database and Weipu database in the past 20 years, the herbal compound prescriptions for the treatment of PMS were screened and a relevant database were established and analyzed by SPSS. Results The relevant literatures contains 184 Chinese medicine prescriptions/proprietary Chinese medicines, 122 flavors of traditional Chinese medicines, and the drug categories were mainly tonic drugs, antipyretic drugs, astringent drugs, and tranquilizers. The core single-flavor Chinese medicines were Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba), Shudihuang(Rehmannia glutinosa ), Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Fuling (Indian Buead). The property and flavor covered sweet, bitter, cold, etc.; and the channel tropism belonged to the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, spleen and meridians. The cluster analysis of high-frequency Traditional Chinese Medicine obtained two main combinations. Conclusion TCM treatment of PMS focused on replenishing qi, soothing the liver, nourishing the kidneys, nourishing blood and calming the heart, and then according to clinical compatibility with drugs such as soothing the nerves, clearing heat and removing dampness; most of its clinical treatment were Xiaoyaosan, Liuwei Dihuang pills, and Zhibo Rehmanniae decoction and other prescriptions which were added and subtracted.

A multi-center survey on the application of antibacterial agents in Chinese children in 2019 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To analyze the patterns of antibacterial agents in Chinese children surveyed by the China multi-center monitoring network for the application of antibacterial agents in children and neonates in 2019 by using World Health Organization (WHO) Access, Watch, Reserve and Not-recommended (AWaRe) and typical anatomical/therapeutic/chemical (ATC) in this study.Methods:The cross-sectional method was adopted.A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted on one day from September to December 2019.The information of all inpatients taking antibiotics was uploaded to the network-based data collection system (https: //garpec-31.mobilemd.cn/login.aspx? relogin=true). This study covered 13 hospitals from 10 provinces and cities in China.All hospitalized children in the Respiratory Department, Infectious Disease Department, General Surgery Department, Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Neonatal Intensive Care Units and Neonatology joined in this survey.The clinically used antibacterial agents were classified by AWaRe and ATC, and the AWaRe and ATC distributions of antibacterial agents prescribed for Chinese children and neonates were described.Results:Of the 2 644 antibiotic prescriptions included from 13 hospitals, 2 134 (80.71%) were for children and 510 (19.29%) were for neonates.Of all antibiotic prescriptions, there were 368 (13.92%) Access antibiotics prescriptions, 1 973 (74.62%) Watch prescriptions, 60 (2.27%) Reserve prescriptions and 243 (9.19%) Not-recommended prescriptions.The top-five antibiotics prescribed for children and neonates were third-generation cephalosporins (1 056, 39.94%), macrolides (492, 18.61%), carbapenems (275, 10.40%), beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitors (246, 9.30%), and second-generation cephalosporins (136, 5.14%). The use ratios of Access, Watch, Reserve and Not-recommended antibiotics in each center ranged from 0 to 30.00%, 36.67% to 97.20%, 0 to 17.02% and 0 to 33.33%, respectively.In 1 360 antibiotic prescriptions for children and neonates with pneumonia, there were 152 (11.18%) Access antibiotics, 1 051 (77.28%) Watch antibiotics, 37 (2.72%) Reserve antibiotics, and 120 (8.82%) Not-recommended antibiotics.The top-five antibiotics prescribed for children with pneumonia were third-generation cephalosporins (522, 38.38%), macrolides (388, 28.53%), beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitors (141, 10.37%), carbapenems (117, 8.6%) and penicillins (49, 3.60%).Conclusions:Watch antibiotics and broad spectrum antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins and macrolides prone to induce resistance are the main antibacterial agents used in Chinese children and neonates with pneumonia.Broad-spectrum antibiotics may be overused in Chinese children and neonates.

Survey on occupational hazards of enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the occupational hazards of enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen in 2017. Methods Occupational hazards were analyzed in 200 enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City selected using stratified Results random sampling method. A total of 24 industries were involved in the 200 enterprises. The declaration rate of ， occupational hazards was 91.5% and the exposure rate of occupational hazards among workers was 49.2%. The regular monitoring rate of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of the enterprises was 79.5%. There were 129 kinds of occupational ， ， hazard factors of which 19 factors exceeded the national occupational exposure limit accounting for 14.7%. The over standard ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， rates of noise silica dust cotton dust methanol toluene and other dust were 28.7% 13.6% 11.8% 5.86% 0.5% and ， ， 0.4% respectively. There were 13 kinds of occupational hazard factors in the workplace of metal products industry all of which （ ） exceeded the occupational exposure limit. The exposure rate 56.7% of occupational hazard factors in workers was the highest. Conclusion ， ， The main occupational hazard factors were noise dust and chemical factor and the major occupational hazard industry was metal manufacturing in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City.

Clinical analysis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in the elderly / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in the elderly, and factor related to the disease severity. Methods:Clinical data of 32 elderly patients with Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia admitted in the First People′s Hospital of Xiaoshan District from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were diagnosed by the second generation sequencing using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. There were 17 patients in moderate group and 15 patients in severe group; the liver function, muscle enzymes, imaging and lymphocyte subsets of the two groups were compared. Results:There were no significant differences in the age, gender and basic diseases, bird contact history, flaccid fever and dry cough symptoms between two groups, while there were significant differences in mental symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms between the two groups ( P=0.032, 0.018). There were significant differences in ALT , AST, LDH , CK , CK-MB, CRP, BNP , troponin-T and PCT between the two groups (all P<0.001). The increase of leukocytes was not significant in both groups. The moderate group was dominated by single lobe involvement, while the severe group was dominated by multi lobe involvement and pleural effusion ( P=0.043, 0.015, 0.023). The total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio, NK cells, B cells, CD4 +CD8 + double positive T cells decreased in both groups, while those in the severe group decrease more markedly ( P<0.05). CD4 -CD8 - double negative T cells were higher in the severe group than those in the moderate group ( P<0.001). CD4 +/CD8 + ratio and CD4 -CD8 - double negative T cells were correlated with severity index PSI and CURB-65 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The liver function, muscle enzyme, lymphocyte immune function in patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are impaired, which were more markedly in severe patients. The multileaf infiltration and increased procalcitonin may indicate the severe pneumonia. CD4 +/CD8 + ratio and CD4 -CD8 - double negative T cells are correlated with the severity of pneumonia.

Effects of vibration on the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in rabbits / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To study the effects of vibration on the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in rabbits. Methods: Thirty-two 3.5-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into low-intensity group, medium-intensity group, high-intensity group and control group, with 8 rabbits in each group. The rabbits in the experimental group were subjected to hind limb vibration load test for 45 days. The vibration intensity of the high intensity group was 12.26 m/s(2), the medium intensity group was 6.13 m/s(2), and the low intensity group was 3.02 m/s(2) according to the effective value of weighted acceleration[a(hw (4))] for 4 hours of equal energy frequency. The control group was exposed to noise only in the same experimental environment as the medium-intensity group. The noise levels of each group were measured during the vibration load experiment. After the test, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial fusion gene (Mfn1/Mfn2) and fission gene (Fis1, Drp1) by RT-PCR in the skeletal muscles were measured and the ultrastructure of the skeletal muscles were observed in high intensity group. Results: The mRNA expression of mitochondrial in the skeletal muscle tissues of control group, low intensity group, medium intensity group and high intensity group were Mfn1: 3.25±1.36, 3.85±1.90, 4.53±2.31 and 11.63±7.68; Mfn2: 0.68±0.25, 1.02±0.40, 0.94±0.33 and 1.40±0.45; Fis1: 1.05±0.62, 1.15±0.59, 1.53±1.06 and 2.46±1.51 and Drp1: 3.72±1.76, 2.91±1.63, 3.27±2.01 and 4.21±2.46, respectively. Compared with the control group, the expressions of Mfn1 mRNA, Mfn2 mRNA and Fis1 mRNA in the high-intensity group increased significantly (P<0.05) , and the expressions of Mfn2 mRNA in the medium-intensity group and the low-intensity group increased significantly (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle of high intensity group showed mitochondrial focal accumulation, cristae membrane damage, vacuole-like changes; Z-line irregularity of muscle fibers, and deficiency of sarcomere. Conclusion: Vibration must be lead to the abnormal mitochondrial morphology and structure and the disorder of energy metabolism due to the expression imbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes in skeletal muscles of rabbits, which may be an important target of vibration-induced skeletal muscle injury.

Application of limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay for estimating HIV-1 incidence in men who have sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To estimate the incidence of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in key areas of China through HIV-1 limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), analyze the deviation from the actual results and identify influencing factors, and provided reference for improving the accuracy of estimation results. Methods: Based on the principle of the cohort randomized study design, 20 cities were selected in China based on population size and the number of HIV-positive MSM. The sample size was estimated to be 700 according to the HIV-1 infection rate in MSM. MSM mobile phone app. was used to establish a detection appointment and questionnaire system, and the baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to November 2019. LAg-Avidity EIA was used to identify the recent infected samples. The incidence of HIV-1 infection was calculated and then adjusted based on the estimation formula designed by WHO. The influencing factors were identified by analyzing the sample collection and detection processes. Results: Among the 10 650 blood samples from the participants, 799 were HIV-positive in initial screening, in which 198 samples (24.78%) missed during confirmation test. Only 621 samples were received by the laboratory. After excluding misreported samples, 520 samples were qualified for testing. A total of 155 samples were eventually determined as recent infection through LAg-Avidity EIA; Based on the estimation formula , the incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in 20 cities was 4.06% (95%CI:3.27%-4.85%), it increased to 5.53% (95%CI: 4.45%-6.60%)after the adjusting for sample missing rate. When the sample missing rate and misreporting rate were both adjusted, the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the MSM increased to 5.66% (95%CI:4.67%-6.65%). The actual incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in the 20 cities might be between 4.06% and 5.66%. Conclusions: Sample missing and misreporting might cause the deviation of the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence. It is important to ensure the sample source and the quality of sample collection and detection to reduce the deviation in the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence.

A randomized trial evaluating the safety profile of sugammadex in high surgical risk ASA physical class 3 or 4 participants / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:The aim of this randomized, double-blind trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability profile, including cardiac safety, of sugammadex-mediated recovery from neuromuscular block in participants undergoing surgery who met the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Class 3 or 4 criteria.Specifically, this study assessed the impact of sugammadex on cardiac adverse events (AEs) and other prespecified AEs of clinical interest.Methods:Participants meeting ASA Class 3 and 4 criteria were stratified by ASA Class and NMBA (rocuronium or vecuronium) then randomized to one of the following: 1) Moderate neuromuscular block, sugammadex 2 mg/kg; 2) Moderate neuromuscular block, neostigmine and glycopyrrolate (neostigmine/glycopyrrolate); 3) Deep neuromuscular block, sugammadex 4 mg/kg; 4) Deep neuromuscular block, sugammadex 16 mg/kg (rocuronium only). Primary endpoints included incidences of treatment-emergent (TE) sinus bradycardia, TE sinus tachycardia and other TE cardiac arrhythmias.Results:Of 344 participants randomized, 331 received treatment (61% male, BMI 28.5 ± 5.3 kg/m 2, age 69 ± 11 years). Incidence of TE sinus bradycardia was significantly lower in the sugammadex 2 mg/kg group vs neostigmine/glycopyrrolate.The incidence of TE sinus tachycardia was significantly lower in the sugammadex 2 and 4 mg/kg groups vs neostigmine/glycopyrrolate.No significant differences in other TE cardiac arrythmias were seen between sugammadex groups and neostigmine/glycopyrrolate.There were no cases of adjudicated anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity reactions in this study. Conclusions:Compared with neostigmine/glycopyrrolate, incidence of TE sinus bradycardia was significantly lower with sugammadex 2 mg/kg and incidence of TE sinus tachycardia was significantly lower with sugammadex 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg.These results support the safety of sugammadex for reversing rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced moderate and deep neuromuscular block in ASA Class 3 or 4 participants.

Research progress of therapeutic exosomes / 药学学报

Exosomes are a kind of endosomal vesicles that are secreted by most if not all living cells. Due to their capability of delivering a variety of cargos, such as tissue- or cell-specific proteins, lipids, and genetic materials, and their broad biological activities, exosomes have gained substantial attention as emerging therapeutics. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are two types of exosomes that are widely studied. Many preclinical and clinical studies have shown that they have a satisfactory treatment effect in lung diseases, liver diseases, nervous system diseases, tumors, and other diseases. In addition, exosomes from macrophages, tumor cells, plant cells, and many other cells are getting more attention due to their therapeutic potential. Besides natural exosomes, research on engineered exosomes has also made plenty of progress. There have been several engineering methods of exosomes, such as targeting modification and loading of active ingredients. In this review, we summarize the research progress of therapeutic exosomes from different sources, and further discusses the application prospects of exosomes and possible challenges in the future.

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Medicinal Plant Resources in Gansu Province and Driving Factors / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of medicinal plant resources in Gansu province， analyze the causes， changing trends， and driving factors of the spatial differentiation， and thus lay a scientific basis for the rational development and sustainable development of medicinal plant resources in this province. MethodBased on the data of The Fourth National Survey of Chinese Medicine Resources， the richness and spatial distribution difference of medicinal plant resources in 87 counties （districts） of Gansu province were analyzed via the global spatial autocorrelation analysis， trend surface analysis， local spatial autocorrelation analysis， and hotspot analysis. Moreover， the correlation of vegetation type， soil texture， annual average temperature， annual average precipitation， and altitude with the spatial distribution pattern of the medicinal plant resources was discussed. ResultCounties （districts） with high or low richness of medicinal plant resources in Gansu province were respectively clustered together. To be specific， counties （districts） with high richness of the medicinal resources were mainly in southeastern Gansu， while those with low richness in northwestern Gansu. The leading driving factors affecting the cold and hot spots included vegetation type， soil texture， and average annual rainfall. ConclusionThe species richness of medicinal plant resources in Gansu province rises from west to east and from north to south. The natural driving factors are the key to the diversity and spatial distribution pattern of medicinal plant resources， which show significant influence on them.

Follicular Helper T Cells， Psoriasis， and Chinese Medicine Intervention： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Follicular helper T （Tfh） cells are a newly discovered subset of CD4+ T cells. As reported， abnormalities in their development， differentiation， and function are closely related to the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease and it is intractable with a prolonged course. At present， it is generally believed that immune imbalance mediated by T cells is the core mechanism of the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In the context of this mechanism， Tfh cells are associated with psoriasis， and their cellular level and abnormal expression of related candidates can promote the occurrence of psoriasis. In terms of treatment， Chinese medicine， by virtue of the characteristics of wide application and low price， serves as a good complementary and alternative treatment option for psoriasis. As confirmed by previous findings， some active ingredients or preparations of Chinese medicine used in the treatment of psoriasis can also intervene in and regulate the immune response mediated by Tfh cells and the related candidates. Based on the research reports and experimental data， the present study reviewed the research progress from the differentiation of Tfh cells， the relationship between Tfh cells and psoriasis， and the intervention and regulation of Tfh cells and related molecules by Chinese medicine， which is expected to provide certain theoretical support and references for the determination of new strategies for psoriasis treatment and research in related fields.

Herbal Textual Research on Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In this paper， through consulting relevant records in materia medica， medical and prescription books， and combining with modern literature， the name， origin， producing area， collection and processing of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix in famous classical formulas from The Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas （The First Batch） was systematically sorted out and textual research was carried out， in order to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing Gentianae macrophyllae Radix. After textual research， it was found that Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix was the rectification of name in the past dynasties. In addition， there were other names such as Qinjiao， Qingua and Qinzhua. Gentiana macrophylla， G. straminea， G. dahurica and G. siphonantha were the main origin of this herb in ancient literature. Among them， G. macrophylla is the mainstream. In the Southern and Northern dynasties， G. straminea and G. macrophylla produced in northern Sichuan were recommended as the best. In the early Tang dynasty， G. macrophylla from the Liupan Mountain area at the border of Shanxi and Gansu provinces was the mainstream. During the Northern Song dynasty， G. siphonantha from Linxia and Qilian Mountain of Gansu province and G. macrophylla from eastern Shaanxi province were two new producing areas. In the Ming and Qing dynasties， the abundant base and production areas of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix were gradually formed. In the past dynasties， harvesting was carried out in spring and autumn， and stored mainly by aeration drying or shade drying treatment. The processing methods are mainly the raw products after the net selection， cutting and drying， in addition to the frying， processing with wine and milk. G. macrophylla is recommended as the first choice for the herbal medicine involved in the famous classical formulas. Among them， wild products produced in Gansu and Shaanxi are the best， and raw products are recommended to be used. At the same time， it is suggested that G. siphonantha should be added to the subsequent edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia as one of origins of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix.

Regulatory Effect of Quyu Huatan Tongmai Prescription on Intestinal Microflora in Golden Hamster with Hyperlipidemia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Quyu Huatan Tongmai prescription on intestinal mircoflora of hyperlipidemia golden hamster and scientific evidence for the compatibility. MethodSyrian golden hamsters were randomized into normal， model， prescription， stasis-dispelling （Quyu）， phlegm-dissolving （Huatan）， and detoxification （Jiedu） groups， with 8 in each group. Hyperlipidemia in golden hamsters was induced by high-fat diet （4 weeks）. Then hamsters in the Quyu group （1.11 g·kg-1）， Huatan group （0.39 g·kg-1）， Jiedu group （0.07 g·kg-1）， and prescription group （1.42 g·kg-1） were given （ig） corresponding drugs and those in the normal group and the model group received （ig） distilled water of equivalent volume， once a day for 6 weeks. Serum lipids were determined， and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the liver. Feces were collected for 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing of intestinal flora. ResultCompared with normal group， the model group demonstrated increase in body weight （P<0.05， P<0.01） and blood lipids （P<0.01）， decrease in intestinal flora diversity （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and variation of the relative abundance of intestinal flora at phylum， family， and genus levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Quyu Huatan Tongmai prescription controlled the body weight change， reduced the serum triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio （LDL-C/HDL-C） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved the structure of intestinal flora， decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides （P<0.01）， raised the abundance of Bacteroidaceae， Porphyromonadaceae， Rikenellaceae， and Pasteurella （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and lowered the relative abundance of Coriobacterium （P<0.05） in hyperlipidemia golden hamsters. All the split prescriptions improved blood lipids and intestinal flora of the hamsters and particularly， the lipids-lowering effect of the Jiedu group and the regulation of flora in the Huatan group were closer to those of the prescription group. ConclusionQuyu Huatan Tongmai prescription and the split prescriptions all alleviated the hyperlipidemia of golden hamsters to different degrees possibly by regulating intestinal flora structure and improving intestinal microecology. The effect of the prescription group was most significant， and coming in second was the Huatan group. This study also provides scientific evidence for the effect of Quyu Huatan Tongmai prescription.

Schisandra chinensis Oil Attenuates Aristolochic Acid I-Induced Nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis oil (SCEO) against aristolochic acid I (AA I)-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and elucidate the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups according to a random number table, including control group, AA I group, and AA I +SCEO (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) groups (n=5 per group). Pretreatment with SCEO was done for 2 days by oral administration, while the control and AA I groups were treated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Mice of all groups except for the control group were injected intraperitoneally with AA I (5 mg/kg) from day 3 until day 7. Histopathological examination and apoptosis of kidney tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr), as well as renal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1A2, and nad(p)hquinonedehydrogenase1 (NQO1) were analyzed using ELISA, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. In vitro, SCEO (40 µ g/mL) was added 12 h before treatment with AA I (40 µ mol/mL for 48 h) in human renal proximal tubule cell line (HK-2), then apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#SCEO 0.5 and 1 g/kg ameliorated histopathological changes and TUNEL+ staining in the kidney tissues of mice with AA I-induced nephrotoxicity, and reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, BUN and SCr (P<0.01 or P<0.05). SCEO 0.5 and 1 g/kg alleviated the ROS generation in kidney, containing MDA, GSH and SOD (P<0.01 or P<0.05). SCEO 1 g/kg increased the expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 and decreased NQO1 level in the liver tissues (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Besides, in vitro studies also demonstrated that SCEO 40 µ g/mL inhibited apoptosis and ROS generation (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SCEO can alleviate AA I-induced kidney damage both in vivo and in vitro. The protective mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of metabolic enzymes, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and ROS production.

Total Ginsenoside Extract from Panax ginseng Enhances Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation by Inactivating GSK-3β / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of total ginsenosides (TG) extract from Panax ginseng on neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation and their underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The migration of NSCs after treatment with various concentrations of TG extract (50, 100, or 200 µ g/mL) were monitored. The proliferation of NSCs was examined by a combination of cell counting kit-8 and neurosphere assays. NSC differentiation mediated by TG extract was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to monitor the expression of nestin and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2). The GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in TG-treated NSCs was examined by Western blot assay. The NSCs with constitutively active GSK-3β mutant were made by adenovirus-mediated gene transfection, then the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs mediated by TG were further verified.@*RESULTS@#TG treatment significantly enhanced NSC migration (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and increased the proliferation of NSCs (P<0.01 or P<0.05). TG mediation also significantly upregulated MAP2 expression but downregulated nestin expression (P<0.01 or P<0.05). TG extract also significantly induced GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9, leading to GSK-3β inactivation and, consequently, the activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In addition, constitutive activation of GSK-3β in NSCs by the transfection of GSK-3β S9A mutant was found to significantly suppress TG-mediated NSC proliferation and differentiation (P<0.01 or P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#TG promoted NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation by inactivating GSK-3β.

Clinical Analysis of Bloodstream Infection after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical characteristics of bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).@*METHODS@#The clinical characteristics, distribution of pathogenic bacteria causing BSI and drug sensitivity of 910 patients treated by HSCT in our department from January 2013 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among 910 HSCT patients, 111 patients were diagnosed as BSI within 100 days after transplantation, and 98 patients showed BSI during the period of agranulocytosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the usage of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), long duration of agranulocytosis and low infusion volume of mononuclear cell (MNC) were the independent risk factors affecting BSI after HSCT. Among 121 pathogenic bacteria isolated, 76 Gram-negative (G-) bacteria (62.8%), 40 Gram-positive (G+) bacteria (33.0%), and 5 fungi (4.1%) were detected out. The top three pathogens were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The drug-resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 14.3% and 7.7%, respectively, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 66.7%. The susceptibility of G+ bacteria to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin was 97.5%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The crude mortality rate of the patients with BSI at 100 days after HSCT was significantly higher than that of patients without BSI (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The usage of ATG, long duration of agranulocytosis and low infusion volume of MNC are independent risk factors for BSI after HSCT. The pathogens after HSCT are mainly G- bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to carbapenems. Key words　　;

Sex differences in clinical outcomes of extremely preterm infants/extremely low birth weight infants: a propensity score matching study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of sex on the clinical outcome of extremely preterm infants (EPIs)/extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) by propensity score matching.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 731 EPIs or ELBWIs who were admitted from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. These infants were divided into two groups: male and female. A propensity score matching analysis was performed at a ratio of 1:1. The matching variables included gestational age, birth weight, percentage of withdrawal from active treatment, percentage of small-for-gestational-age infant, percentage of use of pulmonary surfactant, percentage of 1-minute Apgar score ≤3, percentage of mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, percentage of antenatal use of inadequate glucocorticoids, and percentage of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The two groups were compared in the incidence rate of main complications during hospitalization and the rate of survival at discharge.@*RESULTS@#Before matching, compared with the female group, the male group had significantly higher incidence rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and patent ductus arteriosus (P<0.05), while after matching, the male group only had a significantly higher incidence rate of BPD than the female group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of survival at discharge between the two groups before and after matching (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male EPIs/ELBWIs have a higher risk of BPD than female EPIs/ELBWIs, but male and female EPIs/ELBWIs tend to have similar outcomes.

Diagnosis and counseling for a Chinese pedigree affected with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly 5 due to variants of ASPM gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect potential mutation of the ASPM gene in a Chinese pedigree affected with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly 5 (MCPH5).@*METHODS@#Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the proband and her parents. Amniotic fluid sample was also collected upon her mother' s subsequent pregnancy. Following extraction of genomic DNA, PCR and Sanger sequencing were carried out to identify potential variants of the ASPM gene.@*RESULTS@#The proband was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the ASPM gene, namely c.8214dupT (p.Q2739fs) in exon 18 and c.9541C>T (p.R3181X) in exon 23, which were respectively inherited from her father and mother. The fetus has found to have inherited the c.9541C>T (p.R3181X) variant only.@*CONCLUSION@#The c.8214dupT (p.Q2739fs) and c.9541C>T (p.R3181X) compound heterozygous variants of the ASPM gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of MCPH5 in this patient. Above finding has enabled genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for her family.