Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis prevention and control:analysis of influencing factors of prevention and control behavior among college students in Wuhan, China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan, China, while analyzing the factors affecting tuberculosis prevention behavior.@*Methods@#Referring to the National KAP Questionnaire for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control among College Students, which was designed by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 colleges and universities in Wuhan were selected using a judgment sampling method, and a questionnaire survey was carried out through the online questionnaire platform. The formation of tuberculosis prevention and control behavior among this population was analyzed by single factor and multi factor Logistic regression.@*Results@#The total awareness rate of KAP regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan was 79.69%; the awareness rate of core knowledge was 79.28%, and the passing rate was 92.46%. The correct attitude holding rate was 89.69%, while the passing rate was 90.56%. In respect to correct behavior, the formation rate was 72.11%, with a passing rate of 96.62%. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were more likely to promote tuberculosis prevention and control behaviors that met the target: female college students ( OR =1.86); college students whose father had a primary school education level, junior high school and equivalent, high school and equivalent, and junior high school students ( OR =2.94, 3.05, 3.17, 3.24 ); no history of tuberculosis ( OR =3.32); the passing knowledge of core knowledge ( OR =9.91), and the passing attitude holding score ( OR =7.35)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The overall awareness rate of KAP regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan is acceptable,the mainly influenced factors are gender, history of tuberculosis, awareness rate of core knowledge about prevention and control, attitudes and cognition, and parents educational background.

In vitro inhibition of carnosic acid against influenza A virus infections / 药学学报

Carnosic acid (CA) is the main phenolic diterpenoid active ingredient in plants such as rosemary and sage, and has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and so on, however, its antiviral activity against influenza virus infections was not reported. In this study, antiviral activities against influenza A virus infections of three main bioactive ingredients from rosemary, including rosmarinic acid, CA and ursolic acid, were evaluated using virus titer titration assay, and CA showed remarkable inhibition on influenza H5N1 replication in A549 cells. The antiviral activity of CA was further confirmed and its mechanism of action was investigated using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantification polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of CA against influenza H5N1 in A549 cells and MDCK cells were 4.30 and 3.64 μmol·L-1, respectively. Meanwhile, CA also showed inhibition on influenza virus 2009panH1N1 (EC50: 10.1 μmol·L-1) and H3N2 (EC50: 12.8 μmol·L-1) replications in A549 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that antiviral activity of CA is related to its induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in A549 cells and suppression on production of reactive oxygen in H5N1-infected cells.

Assessment of pulmonary functions among the elderly in Hangzhou City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the pulmonary functions among the elderly in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the management of respiratory diseases among the elderly. @* Methods@#Permanent residents at ages of 60 to 75 years were sampled from Hangzhou City from November to December 2020. The pulmonary function was tested using a portable pulmonary function monitor, including large airway function parameters [forced expiratory volume (FVC), forced expiratory volume in a second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC], and small airway function parameters [maximum expiratory flow rate at 75% vital capacity (MEF75%), the maximum expiratory flow rate at 25% of vital capacity (MEF25%) and the forced expiratory flow rate (FEF25%-75%) at 25% to 75% of vital capacity]. The pulmonary functions were compared among the elderly with different genders, ages and body mass index (BMI).@*Results @#Totally 314 participants were recruited, including 126 men (40.13%), with a mean age of (68.49±4.47) years and mean BMI of (23.51±2.79) kg/m2. The mean FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MEF25%, MEF75% and FEF25%-75% were (1.97±0.53) L, (2.51±0.72) L, (79.79±11.47)%, (0.98±0.53) L/s, (3.84±1.65) L/s and (1.99±0.91) L/s among the participants, respectively. Higher FEV1 [(2.22±0.55) vs. (1.79±0.43) L, P<0.05], FVC [(2.92±0.75) vs. (2.24±0.55) L, P<0.05], MEF75% [(4.19±1.82) vs. (3.59±1.49) L/s, P<0.05] and FEF25%-75% [(2.14±1.07) vs. (1.90±0.77) L/s, P<0.05] were tested among men than among women, and lower FEV1 [(1.75±0.46) L], FVC [(2.27±0.64) L], MEF25% [(0.88±0.57) L/s], MEF75% [(3.39±1.45) L/s] and FEF25%-75% [(1.79±0.96) L/s] were tested among the elderly at ages of 70 to 74 years. The proportion of large and small airway dysfunctions was 40.45% among the participants. @* Conclusions@# The proportion of large and small airway dysfunctions was 40.45% among the elderly in Hangzhou City, and poor pulmonary functions were tested among the women and the advanced elderly.

The application of full-crew stratified teaching combined with PBL teaching in nursing practice teaching in emergency department / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of full-crew stratified teaching combined with PBL teaching in nursing practice teaching in emergency department.Methods:A total of 86 intern nursing students in the Emergency Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from February 2019 to August 2020 were randomly divided into the control group ( n=43) and the observation group ( n=43). The control group used full-crew stratified teaching, and the observation group adopted full-crew stratified teaching combined with PBL teaching. The learning interest, subjective initiative, and recognition of teaching were compared between the two groups, and the theoretical scores, operational skills, and comprehensive ability were assessed among them. Meanwhile, the nursing quality of the intern nursing students was evaluated. SPSS 22.0 was used for Chi-square test and t-test. Results:The incidence of total learning interest and total subjective initiative of nursing students in the observation group were better than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The scores of the four dimensions of case analysis, theoretical total score, quality, and operation score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the scores of the three dimensions of short answer, choice, and skills ( P>0.05). The scores of the four dimensions of reasoning ability, information management ability, goal completion ability, and communication ability in the observation were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The total recognition of teaching in the observation group was 95.35% (41/43), which was higher than that in the control group (79.07%, 34/43). Conclusion:Full-crew stratified teaching combined with PBL teaching in emergency department in nursing teaching can fully stimulate the learning interest of the intern nursing students, improve their subjective initiative, enhance their recognition degree of the nursing teaching, and finally improve the nursing quality.

Role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis / 中华肝脏病杂志

In recent years, the number of autoimmune hepatitis cases in the world has shown a significant upward trend, but its etiology and pathogenesis is still unclear. At present, it is generally considered to be caused by abnormal immune regulation mechanism of the body, especially the lymphocytes and their cytokines, which has attracted widespread concern and thus is reviewed here.

Expression and functional SNP loci screen of ATM from coal worker's pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To detect of gene expression and genotype of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) from coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) , It is explored whether CWP is related to ATM gene. Methods: In October 2020, the relevant information of 264 subjects who received physical examination or medical treatment in the Department of occupational diseases of Guiyang public health treatment center from January 2019 to September 2020 was collected. Through the occupational health examination, 67 healthy people with no history of exposure to occupational hazards were selected as the healthy control group; The coal miners with more than 10 years of coal dust exposure history and small shadow in the lung but not up to the diagnostic criteria were the dust exposure control group, a total of 66 people; The patients with the same history of coal dust exposure and confirmed stage I were coal worker's pneumoconiosis stage I group, a total of 131 people. The expression of ATM was detected by QRT PCR. ATM rs189037 and rs1801516 were genotyped by massarray. Results: There was significant difference in the expression of ATM among the groups (P<0.05) ; Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of ATM in the dust exposed control group was significantly increased (P<0.05) . With the occurrence and development of CWP, the GG of rs189037 wild type decreased, the GA of mutant heterozygote and AA of homozygote increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) ; Rs1801516 wild type GG and mutant heterozygote GA had no significant changes (P>0.05) . There were significant differences in age, neutrophils and basophils among rs189037 groups (all P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in blood pressure, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, smoking and drinking history among rs189037 groups (all P>0.05) . Compared with wild-type GG, the or of mutant heterozygotes and homozygotes increased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05) . Conclusion: ATM gene may be one of the early activation genes of CWP and rs189037 may be the functional loci which affects gene expression. ATM gene is related to inflammatory response, Neutrophils and basophils have an impact on the development of CWP.

Clinical effect of endoscopic transnasal sphenoidal approach with simple muscle packing for intrasellar arachnoid cyst / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the clinical effect of simple muscle packing through transnasal sphenoid approach in the treatment of intrasellar arachnoid cyst. Methods: The clinical data of 11 patients with intrasellar arachnoid cyst treated by transnasal sphenoidal approach with simple muscle packing at the Neurosurgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 males and 6 females, with a median age of 48 years (range: 23 to 75 years). The clinical manifestations included headache in 6 cases, dizziness in 4 cases, hypo-libido in 1 case, disturbance of consciousness in 1 case, visual impairment in 7 cases and mixed pituitary dysfunction in 5 cases. The enlargement of the sellar fossa was seen in the preoperative MRI images. The enhanced MRI images showed that the cyst wall of the intrasellar arachnoid cyst was not enhanced, and the compression and thinning of the sellar base was seen in the CT images. In 9 cases, the cyst extended suprasellar and the sellar septum was "arched". In 7 cases, the cyst compressed the optic chiasm upward. The cyst walls of all patients were incised through the nasal sphenoid approach under the endoscope, and the muscle was packed after sufficient drainage. The postoperative symptoms, pituitary endocrine function and recurrence of patients were followed up. Results: MRI images of the sellar region in all patients showed significant reduction or disappearance of cysts. Intracranial infection occurred in 1 case and electrolyte disorder in 2 cases, which were relieved after symptomatic treatment. No cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred. Postoperative clinical symptoms were completely relieved in 6 cases and partially relieved in 5 cases. Pituitary endocrine function recovered completely in 2 cases and improved significantly in 4 cases. All patients were followed up for 10 to 40 months. One patient found to have a partial recurrence of the cyst 3 months after surgery. Because there were no new symptoms appeared, the follow-up was continued without second operation. Conclusion: Transnasal sphenoidal approach is a feasible method for the treatment of intrasellar arachnoid cyst.

Quality of sleep in patients with primary Sj?gren′s syndrome and its influence on clinical features / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the quality of sleep in primary Sj?gren′s syndrome (pSS) patients and its impact on clinical features.Methods:One hundred patients with pSS who were hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2019 to April 2021 were included into this study. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), fatigue severity score (FSS), Euro QOL five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D), beck depression inventory second edition (BDⅠ-Ⅱ) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used to assess patients' symptoms and overall condition. The data was statistically managed and compared by χ2 test, independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Logistic regression. Results:The prevalence of sleep disorders in pSS patients was 42.0%(42/100). The prevalence of sleep disturbance in pSS patients without depression was 28.8%(17/59). The EQ-5D[0.66(0.59, 0.76)] and Eur-opean league against rheumatism Sj?gren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) scores [1.0(0.0, 3.0)] were lower in patients in the sleep-disordered group than in those [0.76(0.71, 1.20) and 2.5(1.0, 4.0)] who slept well [ Z=3.07, P=0.012; Z=3.18, P=0.011], respectively. The European league against rheumatism Sj?gren's syndrome patients report index (ESSPRI) scores [6.2(4.8, 7.9)], VAS levels in overall dry eyes [60.0(21.4, 82.1)], anxiety [11.0(2.9, 43.0)], overall physician global assessment (PGA) [46.0(18.0, 65.0)], fatigue severity scale (FSS) [4.34(3.01, 5.61)], and BDⅠ-Ⅱ [15.1(7.3, 22.4)] in patients with sleep disorder were higher than those [4.1(2.8, 5.3), 40.0(7.0, 70.3), 2.3(0.0, 18.0), 11.0(0.0, 52.0), 2.45(1.65, 4.40), and 7.4(4.3, 12.8)] of the normal sleep group [ Z=2.03, P=0.043; Z=2.04, P=0.042; Z=2.19, P=0.031; Z=3.00, P=0.015; Z=3.43, P=0.001; Z=3.12, P=0.003]. The sleep-disordered group had higher levels of lymphocyte count (2.0±1.5)×10 9/L and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (46±20) mm/1 h respectively when compared with (1.4±1.3)×10 9/L and (38±17) mm/1 h in the good sleep group ( t=2.00, P=0.048; t=2.04, P=0.044). PSQI scores were negatively correlated with immunoglobulin (Ig)G ( r=-0.20, P=0.012) and ESSDAI ( r=-0.26, P=0.004), while positively correlated with FSS( r=0.38, P=0.001), BDⅠ~Ⅱ ( r=0.47, P=0.014), ESSPRI ( r=0.46, P=0.001), white blood cell count ( r=0.28, P=0.013) or neutrophil count ( r=0.26, P=0.009). The results of multifactorial analysis suggested that leukocytopenia [ OR(95% CI)=0.245(0.065, 0.692), P=0.005] was one of the risk factors for sleep disorders. Conclusion:Sleep disorders in pSS patients affects the patients' disease prognosis and activity index by affecting the patients' somatic symptoms, psychological profile and immune function. Active clinical multidis-ciplinary interventions for pSS patients are necessary, not only for better assisting physicians in the manage-ment of chronic diseases, but also for better help patients recovery of their physical and mental health.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on attention to the cues for male patients with alcohol use disorder after acute withdrawal / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on cue attention in male patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) after the acute withdrawal.Methods:A total of 90 male patients AUD who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Psychiatric Hospital of Yunnan province from May 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled, then they were divided into study group and control group using random number table.Because 18 cases fell out during the study, 36 cases were included in each of the two groups.After the alcohol withdrawal syndrome eliminated, the study group received high-frequency rTMS at 10 Hz for 14 consecutive days, and the control group was administrated by sham rTMS.At baseline and after true or sham rTMS, the cognitive psychology experiment Oddball paradigm was completed, and the behavioral data of the subjects were collected.Paired-sample t-test was used to compare the changes of the two groups before and after treatment.Data analysis were conducted using SPSS 21.0 software. Results:There was no statistical difference between the study group and the control group in terms of drinking level, cognition level and demographic data(all P>0.05). In the Oddball paradigm, compared with the control group((526.72±75.30)ms, (0.98±0.02))the reaction time((497.93±64.51)ms, t=3.145, P=0.008) and accuracy rate((0.99±0.01), t=-2.803, P=0.016) in alcohol-related cues were significantly improved in the study group after rTMS intervention, but in the control group, there were no statistical differences(both P>0.05), whether the cue was alcohol related or not. Conclusion:The results suggest that the rTMS can enhance the attention bias of alcohol-related cues and change the impulse process partly.

Study on mechanism difference of baicalein and wogonin inhibiting energy metabolism of hepatoma cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the difference in th e mechanis m of baicalein and wogonin inhibiting the energy metabolism of hepatoma cells. METHODS Human hepatoma HepG 2 cells were divided into blank control group （without medicine），different dose groups of baicalein and wogonin （1.25，2.5，5，10 and 20 μmol/L）. The effects of baicalein and wogonin on the viability of HepG 2 cells were detected by MTT assay. HepG 2 cells were divided into blank control group （without medicine），baicalein group and wogonin group. After administration ，the concentration of ATP in cell was detected by enhanced ATP kit. The levels of cell glycolysis and mitochondrial energy metabolism were evaluated by glycolysis and mitochondrial pressure test kit ；the affinity of baicalein and wogonin with key enzymes of energy metabolism was predicted by molecular docking ，and the key enzymes of energy metabolism with high affinity were screened ；the expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism was detected by Western blot. RESULTS Within the dose range of 2.5-20 μmol/L，the half inhibitory concentrations of baicalein and wogonin were 12.84 and 24.09 μmol/L；baicalein 1.25 μmol/L and wogonin 2.5 μmol/L had no effect on cell viability ，so it was selected as the dosage for subsequent experiments. Compared with blank control group ，the concentration of ATP in HepG 2 cells decreased significantly in baicalein group and wogonin group （P＜0.05）；the inhibitory effects on basic acidification rate of HepG 2 cells in wogonin group were significantly stronger than those of baicalein group （P＜0.05），but there was no significant difference between them on the basic oxygen consumption rate （P＞0.05）；baicalein had strong binding to pyruvate kinase M 2 and mitochondrial enzyme complexes Ⅰ（CⅠ），C Ⅱ and C Ⅳ，while wogonin only had strong binding to pyruvate kinase M 2； wogonin could significantly down-regulate the protein expressions of hexokinase ，phosphofructokinase，pyruvate kinase M 2，CⅠ， C Ⅱ and C Ⅳ（P＜0.05），but there was no statistical significance in the effect of baicalein on the regulation of these enzymes （P＞ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Both baicalein and wogonin can inhibit the energy metabolism of hepatoma HepG 2 cells，but the mechanism is different ：the effect of baicalein is related to the activity of key enzymes ，while the effect of wogonin is related to the inhibition of the expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism.

Longitudinal study on the changes and correlation of height, weight and blood pressure among children in Shenzhen / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the changes of children s height, weight, blood pressure and gender differences, to explore the relationship between overweight, obesity and childhood hypertension, and to provide a scientific basis for childhood hypertension prevention.@*Methods@#Physical examination data during 2013 to 2018 of ten primary school students in Shenzhen were collected. Growth rate of height, weight and blood pressure by age and gender were calculated. The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the association between overweight, obesity and hypertension.@*Results@#Weight, body mass index (BMI) and systolic pressure of boys and girls increased with age ( t/Z =3.89-31.52, P <0.05). The height growth rate of girls was higher than that of boys at the age of 8-11, and reaches the peak of height growth at the age of 10, while boys were two years later than girls(boys:7.68 cm, gilrs:7.42 cm). Weight and blood pressure growth rates were similar. At the same time, the growth rate of height and blood pressure had a synchronous trend, and the peak of the growth rate of blood pressure was also at the peak stage of height growth. The OR value of obesity on childhood hypertension was 1.62(1.48-1.81), and the OR value of overweight on childhood hypertension was 2.01(1.75-2.30), both P <0.01.@*Conclusion@#There are gender differences in children s height, weight, and blood pressure, and the growth rate of height and blood pressure shows a synchronous trend. Overweight and obesity in children can increase the risk of high blood pressure and hypertension.

Effectiveness and Safety of Chinese Medicinal Injection in Treatment of Unstable Angina Pectoris Based on Network Meta-analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal injection （CMI） in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris （UAP）. MethodEight databases， i.e.， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI），VIP，Wanfang Data，CBM，PubMed，EMBASE，The Cochrane Library，and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials （RCT） of conventional treatment combined with CMI （treatment group） versus conventional treatment （CT）（control group）in the treatment of UAP published from database inception to March 31th 2021. Stata 16.0 was used for network Meta-analysis. ResultThirty-nine RCT involving 3 407 patients were included. As revealed by the results of network Meta-analysis， in terms of the total effective rate in angina pectoris improvement， the therapeutic protocols were ranked as Tanreqing injection（TRQI）+CT>Xiangdan injection（XDI）+CT>Ciwujia injection（CWJI）+CT=Shengmai injection（SMI）+CT>Xuesaitong injection（XSTS）+CT>Breviscapine injection（BI）+CT>Shuxuetong injection（SXTI）+CT>Kudiezi injection（KDZI）+CT>Shuxuening injection（SXNI）+CT>Danshen injection （DSI）+CT>Guanxinning injection（GXNI）+CT>Dengzhanxixin injection（DZXXI）+CT>Xueshuantong injection（XSTI）+CT>Gualoupi injection（GLPI）+CT>CT；for the total effective rate in ECG improvement， SXTI+CT>XDI+CT>TRQI+CT>CWJI+CT>XSTI+CT>BI+CT>XSTI+CT>SXNI+CT>GXNI+CT>KDZI+CT>DZXXI+CT>GLPI+CT>CT>SMI+CT；for the adverse reactions， DZXXI+CT>XDI+CT>DSI+CT>BI+CT>SMI+CT>SXNI+CT>CT>GLPI+CT>GXNI+CT>SXTI+CT>KDZI+CT>CWJI+CT；for the reduction of fibrinogen （FIB）， BI+CT>SXTI+CT>XSTI+CT>CT>KDZI+CT；for the reduction of C-reactive protein （CRP）， DSI+CT>DZXXI+CT>XSTI+CT>CT；for the reduction of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， SXNI+CT>KDZI+CT>SXTI+CT>DZXXI+CT>GLPI+CT>TRQI+CT>XSTI+CT>CT. The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with those of the overall Meta-analysis. ConclusionCMI combined with CT can improve angina pectoris and ECG，reduce adverse reactions，and also improve FIB，CRP，and hs-CRP to varying degrees. However，due to the differences in the quality and quantity of CMIs in RCTs，clinical application should be performed based on the specific conditions.

Bridging the structure gap between pellets in artificial dissolution media and in gastro-intestinal tract in rats

Changes in structure of oral solid dosage forms (OSDF) elementally determine the drug release and its therapeutic effects. In this research, synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography was utilized to visualize the 3D structure of enteric coated pellets recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of rats. The structures of pellets in solid state and in vitro compendium media were measured. Pellets in vivo underwent morphological and structural changes which differed significantly from those in vitro compendium media. Thus, optimizations of the dissolution media were performed to mimic the appropriate in vivo conditions by introducing pepsin and glass microspheres in media. The sphericity, pellet volume, pore volume and porosity of the in vivo esomeprazole magnesium pellets in stomach for 2 h were recorded 0.47, 1.55 × 108 μm3, 0.44 × 108 μm3 and 27.6%, respectively. After adding pepsin and glass microspheres, the above parameters in vitro reached to 0.44, 1.64 × 108 μm3, 0.38 × 108 μm3 and 23.0%, respectively. Omeprazole magnesium pellets behaved similarly. The structural features of pellets between in vitro media and in vivo condition were bridged successfully in terms of 3D structures to ensure better design, characterization and quality control of advanced OSDF.

Dahuang Zhechong pills inhibit liver cancer growth in a mouse model by reversing Treg/Th1 balance / 中国天然药物

The infiltration of immune cells into the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment is the main reason why hepatocellular carcinoma patients are prone to carcinoma recurrence and the disease are incurable. Notably, the infiltration of Treg cells is the main trigger. Dahuang Zhechong pill (DHZCP) is a traditional Chinese herbal compound successful in the treatment of hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. DHZCP can heal and nourish while slowing the onset of the disease, thereby strengthening the body's immune function. It can localize tumors and ultimately achieve the goal of eliminating tumors. In this study, an orthotopic liver cancer model of mice was used to explore the mechanism of DHZCP enhancing anti-tumor immunity, which showed more Th1 cells in the peripheral blood and spleen after DHZCP treatment, while more IFN-γ was secreted to activate CD8+ T cells and Treg cell production was inhibited, thereby suppressing the growth of HCC. Finally, we also analyzed the potential components of DHZCP from the perspective of modern targets using network pharmacology methods and experimental results.

Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Tablet for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Clinical Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloids (Sangzhi alkaloids, SZ-A) for treatment of type 2 diabetes in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 patients were randomized to receive SZ-A (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for 16 weeks. The data analysis system for electronic data capture clinical trial central randomization system was used for randomization and dispensing of drugs. The primary outcome was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The secondary outcome included the proportions of cases with HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c <6.5%, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), area under curve for the PBG (AUC0-2h), body weight, and body mass index (BMI). Adverse events (AEs), severe adverse events (SAEs), treatment-related adverse events (TAEs), gastrointestinal disorders (GDs), blood pressure, routine blood tests, and liver and kidney function were monitored.@*RESULTS@#Compared with baseline, the change of HbA1c at week 16 was -0.80% (95% CI: -0.98% to -0.62%) and -0.09% (95% CI: -0.27% to 0.09%) in SZ-A group and placebo group, respectively. The proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% and <6.5% was higher in the SZ-A group than in the placebo group (46.8% vs. 21.6% and 29.9% vs. 10.8%). The observed values and changes in FBG, 1 h-PBG, 2 h-PBG, and AUC0-2h differed significantly between groups (P<0.001), but differences were not significant in body weight and BMI (P>0.05). The incidence rates of AEs, TAEs, and GDs differed significantly between groups (P=0.010, P=0.005, and P=0.006, respectively), whereas the incidence rates of SAEs showed no significant differences between groups (P=1.000).@*CONCLUSION@#SZ-A are effective and safe for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The protocol was registered in http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=60117 (ChiCTR2000038550).

Association of sexually transmitted infection with semen quality in men from couples with primary and secondary infertility / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aims to compare the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with semen quality in men from couples with primary and secondary infertility. Semen samples were collected from 133 men who requested fertility evaluation. Seminal tract infection with Ureaplasma spp. (UU), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) was assessed by PCR-based diagnostic assays. Among all patients, the prevalence of STIs was higher in men from couples with primary infertility than that in men from couples with secondary infertility (39.7% vs 21.7%, P = 0.03). The prevalence of UU was 28.8% and 13.3% in men from couples with primary and secondary infertility, respectively. Men from couples with primary infertility were more likely to be positive for UU than men from couples with secondary infertility (P = 0.04). Regarding the UU subtype, the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uuu) and Ureaplasma parvum (Uup; including Uup1, Uup3, Uup6, and Uup14) did not differ between the two groups. No associations between the prevalence rates of MH, MG, and CT were found in men from either infertility group. A lower sperm concentration was associated with STI pathogen positivity in men with primary infertility according to the crude model (P = 0.04). The crude and adjusted models showed that semen volume (both P = 0.03) and semen leukocyte count (both P = 0.02) were independently associated with secondary infertility. These findings suggest the importance of classifying the type of infertility during routine diagnosis of seminal tract infections.

Study on alleviating effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury based on network pharmacology and cell experiments / 中国中药杂志

This study was designed to explore the alleviating effect and mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Psora-leae Fructus-induced liver injury based on network pharmacology and cell experiments. The active components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Psoraleae Fructus were first retrieved from the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ETCM), Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD), and literature and further screened by SwissADME. The obtained 25 potential toxic components of Psoraleae Fructus and 29 flavonoids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were input into the SwissTargetPrediction for target predication. A total of 818 targets related to liver injury were screened out based on GeneCards and MalaCards, and 91 common targets of Psoraleae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and liver injury were obtained from Venny. STRING was applied for constructing the PPI network, and Metascape for analyzing the biological processes and signaling pathways that common targets participated in. Cytoscape was used to construct the component-target-disease network and component-target-pathway network for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury. The predicted core targets were proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase subunit alpha(PIK3 CA), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), etc, with PI3 K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway mainly involved. Following the scree-ning of the main toxic and pharmacodynamic components, the pharmacodynamic effects were investigated by cell experiments. The results showed that licochalcone A was mainly responsible for alleviating coryfolin-induced liver injury, licochalcone B for coryfolin-and psoralidin-induced liver injury, and echinatin for corylifolinin-and bakuchiol-induced liver injury. The preliminary revealing of the alleviating effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury and the prediction of related mechanisms will provide reference for further mechanism research and reasonable clinical compatibility.

Establishment and analysis of risk prediction model and nomogram of pediatric outpatient nursing medication errors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of nursing medication errors in pediatric outpatient to establish risk prediction model and nomogram for helping pediatric outpatient nurses prevent nursing medication errors.Methods:Totally 172 cases of pediatric outpatient nursing children with nursing medication errors were selected from January 2013 to December 2020 in the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine as the medication error group and 344 cases of children without medication errors as the non-medication error group, and the indicators of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:According to Logistic regression analysis, children′s age, children′s enrollment, administration of narcotic analgesics, administration of anti-fever drugs, micro pump intravenous route of administration, subcutaneous route of administration, nursing age of administration nurse, title of administration nurse were all significant influencing factors of pediatric outpatient nursing administration errors ( P<0.05). To construct the risk prediction model of pediatric outpatient nursing administration error and its AUC area of the model was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.94, P<0.01). The total score of the nomogram was 35-259, and the risk rate was 0.001-0.999. The higher the total score was, the higher the risk of medication errors was. Conclusions:The establishment of pediatric outpatient nursing medication error prediction model and nomogram can provide reference model and tools for the prevention of pediatric outpatient nursing medication error, which has certain clinical value for ensuring the safety of pediatric outpatient medication.

Redefinition to bilayer osmotic pump tablets as subterranean river system within mini-earth via three-dimensional structure mechanism

Defining and visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) structures of pharmaceuticals provides a new and important tool to elucidate the phenomenal behavior and underlying mechanisms of drug delivery systems. The mechanism of drug release from complex structured dosage forms, such as bilayer osmotic pump tablets, has not been investigated widely for most solid 3D structures. In this study, bilayer osmotic pump tablets undergoing dissolution, as well as after dissolution in a desiccated solid state were examined, and visualized by synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT). In situ formed 3D structures at different in vitro drug release states were characterized comprehensively. A distinct movement pattern of NaCl crystals from the push layer to the drug layer was observed, beneath the semi-permeable coating in the desiccated tablet samples. The 3D structures at different dissolution time revealed that the pushing upsurge in the bilayer osmotic pump tablet was directed via peripheral "roadways". Typically, different regions of the osmotic front, infiltration region, and dormant region were classified in the push layer during the dissolution of drug from tablet samples. According to the observed 3D microstructures, a "subterranean river model" for the drug release mechanism has been defined to explain the drug release mechanism.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NUP98 Gene Rearrangement / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with NUP98 gene rearrangement.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of adult AML patients with NUP98 gene rearrangement from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, genetic anomaly, treatment strategy and survival.@*RESULTS@#A total of 15 patients with NUP98 gene rearrangement were detected in 410 adult AML patients (3.7%). The ratio of male to female among 15 patients was 1.1∶1, and the median age was 43 (17-76) years old. The main FAB types were M2 and M4/M5, and including one unclassified. According to the genetic prognosis, 11 cases were intermediate risk, while 4 cases were high risk. The main type of NUP98 gene rearrangement was NUP98-HOXA9 (13/15, 86.7%). 10 patients underwent next generation sequencing, in which 5 patients showed epigenetic gene mutations, 3 patients showed FLT3-ITD or WT1 mutations, and 2 patients showed no mutation. After induction therapy, 13 of 15 patients achieved complete remission（CR）. 7 of 8 patients with standard induction therapy achieved CR. 7 elder or intolerance patients with demethylation drug and chemotherapy all achieved CR. The median follow-up time was 28 months. The median OS of 15 the patients was 31.5 months (95% CI 10.7%-52.2%), and the median OS of the patients in non-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) group was 18.5 months (95% CI 17.8%-19.1%). The median OS was not reached for the patients in the Allo-HSCT group.@*CONCLUSION@#Allo-HSCT can significantly improve the prognosis of AML patients with NUP98 rearrangement. NUP98 rearrangement can be accompanied by epigenetic gene mutations. For the elderly or patients who do not tolerate standard induction therapy, demethylation drugs combined with chemotherapy can achieve good outcomes.