Pharmacokinetic behavior and brain tissue distribution of paeoniflorin combined with normal and toxic doses of strychnine in rats after percutaneous administration / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to establish a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously determining the content of strychnine and paeoniflorin in plasma and brain tissue of rats, and compare the pharmacokinetic behavior and brain tissue distribution of paeoniflorin combined with normal and toxic doses of strychnine in rats after percutaneous administration. Compared with those in the toxic-dose strychnine group, the AUC_(0-t), AUC_(0-∞), and C_(max) of strychnine decreased by 51.51%, 45.68%, and 46.03%, respectively(P<0.01), and the corresponding values of paeoniflorin increased by 91.41%, 102.31%, and 169.32%, respectively(P<0.01), in the compatibility group. Compared with the normal-dose strychnine group, the compatibility group showed insignificantly decreased C_(max), AUC_(0-t), and AUC_(0-∞) of strychnine, increased C_(max) and T_(max) of paeoniflorin(P<0.01), 66.88% increase in AUC_(0-t), and 70.55% increase in AUC_(0-∞) of paeoniflorin. In addition, the brain tissue concentration of strychnine decreased and that of paeoniflorin increased after compatibility. The combination of paeoniflorin with normal dose and toxic dose of strychnine can inhibit the percutaneous absorption of strychnine, and greatly promote the percutaneous penetration of paeoniflorin, whereas the interaction mechanism remains to be explored. The UPLC-MS/MS method established in this study is easy to operate and has good precision. It is suitable for in vivo study of pharmacokinetic behavior and brain tissue distribution of paeoniflorin and strychnine after percutaneous administration in rats, which provides reference for the safe and rational clinical use of strychnine and the combined use of drugs, and lays a solid foundation for the development of external preparations containing Strychni Semen.

Research Progress on Pain Relief of Essential Oils of Traditional Chinese Medicine：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Volatile oil is widely distributed in Chinese medicinal materials with complex chemical components. The main components are terpenes， aromatics， aliphatics， and nitrogen and sulfur containing. It has a variety of pharmacological activities. Such as antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， analgesic， anti-tumor， anti-oxidant， anti-aging and so on. It is widely used in medical and health care， agricultural efficiency enhancement， and daily products. In recent years， there have been a large number of studies on the pain relief of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） essential oils， but there is no systematic generalization. The author found that the mechanism of TCM essential oils to exert analgesic effects mainly includes regulation of the central nervous system， anti-inflammatory and analgesic， antispasmodic and analgesic effects by consulting Chinese and foreign literatures in recent years， but the exact mechanism needs to be further verified. This article reviews the research progress of TCM essential oil pain relief from the aspects of pain classification， generation， analgesic mechanism and combination of other technologies， in order to provide reference for related research in the future.

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease among children aged 5 years and younger in Ningbo (2016 to 2019) / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To describe the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among children aged 5 years and younger in Ningbo after the access of entero-virus-A71 vaccine (2016 to 2019).@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study were performed in children aged 5 years and younger in Ningbo from 2016 to 2019. Data for incidence of HFMD was collected from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance Reporting System and the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) System, while the demographic information was derived from the Immunization Information System. Speci-mens were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and the Wilson method was used to estimate the incidence rate and 95% confidence interval.@*RESULTS@#From 2016 to 2019, a total of 1 044 800 residential children were observed in this population-based cohort. In the study, 102 471 cases of HFMD were diagnosed in 2 651 081 person-years, revealing an overall incidence density of 3 865.25/100 000 person-years. There was no significant decline in the number of the cases after the vaccine was available. The number of the patients of hand foot mouth disease during the four years was 93 421, of whom 84 875 (90.85%) had only one incident record, while 8 946 (9.15%) had 2 or more cases in this period; there were 69 771 (66.06%) patients who only needed to see a doctor once for each disease, 19.92% of the patients needed to be treated twice, and 14 801 (14.02%) patients needed to go to the hospital or clinic three times or more. The incidence of HFMD showed obvious seasonality and periodicity, which mainly concentrated in April to July each year, and the epidemic cycle was 2 years; most of the cases were 1 to 3-year old children, with more cases in male. The incidence density varied across the region, with the highest density observed in Ninghai (4 524.76/100 000 person-years), followed by Xiangshan (3 984.22/100 000 person-years). In 3 748 library-conformed cases, 2 834(75.61%) were detected positive, among which enterovirus-A71, Cox-A16 and other enteroviruses accounted for 9.03%, 31.55% and 59.42%, respectively. During the study period, the cumulative coverage of enterovirus-A71 vaccine increased year by year, with the proportion of enterovirus-A71 and severe cases both gradually decreasing.@*CONCLUSION@#The current status of hand, foot and mouth disease in Ningbo is still serious. Children under 3-year old (especially male children aged 1 year) were the key population for prevention and control. Vaccination might lead to changes in major pathogenic virus type, of which more attention should be paid to the potential impact on disease surveillance, prevention and control.

Toxic Effects of Long-term Exposure to PM / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the toxic damage and possible mechanism of chronic exposure of ambient particulate matter (PM@*METHODS@#Mice were treated with different doses (150, 300, 600 mg/kg) of chitosan after exposure to PM@*RESULTS@#Compared with the mice in control group, IL-2 secretion and CXCL12 expression were decreased in the bone marrow of PM@*CONCLUSION@#Chronic exposure of PM

The Comparison of Iron Deficiency Anemia Rat Treated with Hydroxypropyl Chitosan Ferrous Ion Complex and Ferrous Sulfate / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe and compare the therapeutic effects of hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex solution and ferrous sulfate solution in iron deficiency anemia rats and their effects on gastric mucosa.@*METHODS@#Seven rats were randomly selected from thirty five SPF grade SD rats as control group, and were fed with normal diet, distilled water (E). The rest of SD rats were fed with low iron feed and distilled water plus continuous tail vein bloodletting to establish the iron deficiency anemia model. After the model was established successfully, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (A), iron deficiency anemia control group (B), ferrous sulfate group (C), hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex (HPCTS-Fe@*RESULTS@#After modeling, except the normal control group, the hair color of the rats in the four groups showed dark yellow and the belly of the toes became white gradually. HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After treatment, the rats with dark yellow hair in group C and D were improved, and the toe abdomen turned pink gradually. RBC, HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF in rats in group C and D increased, which were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). The HGB of the rats in group D was higher than that of group C in day 28th during treatment and the Ret% was higher than that in group C at day 10th (P<0.05).After treatment, the liver and spleen of the rats in group C and D were lighter than those in group B (P<0.05).The gastric mucosa in group A, B, D and E was not damaged obviously, while it was slightly irritated and damaged in group C.@*CONCLUSION@#Hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous complex solution can improve the hemoglobin level of SD rats with iron deficiency anemia, which is stronger than ferrous sulfate solution and shows no damage to gastric mucosa.

Calculation of the prevalence of progressive muscular atrophy among adults in China based on urban medical insurance data from 15 provinces / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics of patients with progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and calculate the prevalence of PMA in China in 2016.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis based on China's urban employee basic medical insurance data and the urban residence basic medical insu-rance data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 was carried out. Children under 18 years old were excluded. Patients with progressive muscular atrophy were identified by disease names and codes. Subgroup analyses by gender, region and age were carried out to calculate the gender-specific, region-specific and age-specific prevalences. Age-adjusted national prevalence was estimated based on 2010 Chinese census data. Sensitivity analyses were done by only considering the observed cases and by excluding the top 10% provinces regarding the missing rate of diagnostic information, respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 996.09 million person-years were included in this study, with 518.41 million person-years in males and 477.67 million person-years in females. The age and gender distribution of the study population was similar to that of the 2010 Chinese census data, therefore the study population was nationally representative. The prevalence of PMA in China in 2016 was 0.28 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.24-0.33), with 0.21 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.16-0.26) and 0.35 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.28-0.42) for females and males, respectively. Regional disparity existed in the Chinese PMA prevalence, with the lowest prevalence in Southwest region (0.11 per 100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 0.07-0.15) and the highest prevalence in Northwest region (3.47 per 100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 0.80-7.99). Age trend in the PMA prevalence was not obvious, but the prevalence among those aged 70 years and older was relatively higher. The age-adjusted prevalence based on 2010 Chinese census data was 0.29 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.27-0.31). The national prevalences calculated by only considering the observed cases and by excluding the top 10% provinces regar-ding the missing rate of diagnostic information were 0.17 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.14-0.20) and 0.24 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.20-0.28), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#This study is to calculate the prevalence of PMA among adults in urban China, which can provide basic statistics for the enactment of PMA related medical policies, and clues for the studies on the mechanisms of PMA.

New cases are they incident or newly discovered / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#New case is a basic concept in epidemiology and often serves as the numerator for the indexes of the frequency of disease in a population． However，the exact definition of new case is still un- clear． Based on the natural history of disease combined with the concept of event-state，this article rede- fines case-related concepts and compares them with traditional concepts． The study found that the so- called new cases in traditional epidemiological studies are actually the cases firstly discovered，including newly discovered cases and identifiable newly incident cases ( disease initiation) ． In the real world，new cases are often difficult to measure，and together with the continuous process of disease development and iceberg phenomenon，those may affect the accuracy of disease frequency measurement and causal infer- ence． A correct understanding of the meaning of case-related concepts，the meanings they reflect，and the differences between them help to rationally interpret the results of epidemiological research．

Injectable hydrogel loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 microspheres for bacteriostasis and osteogenesis / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To construct a novel antibacterial and injectable hydrogel (BMP/Gel/SH-Ag) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) microspheres, and investigate its biocompatibility, antibacterial properties and bone-promoting properties. Methods: The photocrosslinked gelatin microspheres loaded with BMP-2 were prepared by microfluidics. The microspheres were mixed with 4-arm thiol-terminated poly (ethylene glycol) (4SH-PEG) and crosslinked with Ag+ to prepare injectable sulfhydrylated PEG hydrogels (BMP/Gel/SH-Ag). The micromorphology of microspheres and hydrogels was observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The drug release profile was investigated at 37℃ in a shaker (100 r/min). The injectability of BMP/Gel/SH-Ag was evaluated by injecting hydrogel using a syringe with a tip diameter of 0.5 mm. The antibacterial activity of BMP/Gel/SH-Ag against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated by agar diffusion test. The biocompatibility of BMP/Gel/SH-Ag was verified by CCK-8, and the bone-promoting activity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and calcium nodule staining in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Results: Gelatin microspheres had smooth appearance and uniform particle size distribution (~ 350 μm). BMP/Gel/SH-Ag had porous micro-structure and can be injected with a syringe needle with a diameter of up to 0.5 mm in diameter to produce hydrogel filament. The cumulative release of BMP-2 from BMP/Gel/SH-Ag was (81.8±3.6)% after being incubated for 8 d. BMP/Gel/SH-Ag had obvious inhibitory effect on S. aureus and E. coli. CCK-8 results showed that BMP/Gel/SH-Ag had good biocompatibility. BMP/Gel/SH-Ag can increase the expression of ALP and the content of calcium nodules in rat BMSCs. Conclusion: The BMP/Gel/SH-Ag has good performance in promoting osteogenesis and an-ti-infection.

Reliability and validity of Adaptive Behavior Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To develop a native adaptive behavior scale for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and to explore its reliability and validity.@*Methods@#Items of ASD adaptive behavior rating scale were selected based on the scale development theory, ASD knowledge and adaptive behavior concept through preliminary survey and statistical, and 301 ASD children aged 2 to 12 from hospitals in Guangzhou, Huizhou, Shenzhen who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition were selected, data was analyzed by the item analysis.@*Results@#After item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, the final version of the scale contains 58 items, and 64.24% of the total variation could be explained by 6 factors; The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the full scale was 0.98, and the coefficient value of dimen sional factors were 0.94，0.93，0.91，0.95，0.88，0.94. The test-test reliability r of full scale was 0.86, the r of the factor were 0.88，0.81，0.81，0.87，0.88，0.79. The criterion-related validity r with the ABAS-Ⅱ scale was -0.77, the criterion-related validity r with the CARS scale was 0.64.@*Conclusion@#The ASD Child Adaptive Behavior Scale showed good reliability and validity, and could be used widely.

Colour Doppler and biomarkers utility for renal damage due to congenital hydronephrosis

Objective: To determine colour doppler and serum biomarkers spectrum in children with congenital hydronephrosis

Study Design: An observational study

Place and Duration Of Study: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, West China 2nd University Hospital of Sichuan University and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children [Sichuan University], China, from January to December 2017

Methodology: A total of 95 children with hydronephrosis were selected as case group. According to the degree of hydronephrosis, the patients were divided into mild hydronephrosis group, moderate hydronephrosis group, and severe hydronephrosis group. Forty children with normal renal function were selected as normal comparison group. Peak systolic velocity [Vmax], end diastolic velocity [Vmin], resistance index [RI], pulsatility index [PI], and serum cystatin C [CysC], beta2-microglobulin [beta2-MG], and ?1-microglobulin [beta1-MG] of all subjects in both groups were recorded and compared

Results: The Vmax, Vmax of main renal artery [MRA] and interlobar renal artery [IRA] in case group were lower than those of normal group [all p<0.001]. RI of MRA and IRA in case group were higher than those of normal control group [both p<0.001]. There were no significant differences in the PI of MRA and IRA between the two groups [p=0.700, and 0.250 respectively]. The levels of serum CysC, beta2-MG and alpha1-MG in normal control group, mild hydronephrosis group, moderate hydronephrosis group, and severe hydronephrosis group were significantly different [all p<0.001], and the levels of serum CysC, beta2-MG, alpha1-MG were also different in children with different degrees of hydronephrosis

Conclusion: Combined detection of colour doppler and serum biomarkers CysC, beta2-MG and alpha1-MG in the diagnosis of renal damage in congenital hydronephrosis is feasible and reliable

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of total alkaloids of Strychni Semen-total glucosides of paeony lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles / 中草药

Objective: To prepare total alkaloids of Strychni Semen (TASS) - total glucosides of paeony (TGP) lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (TASS-TGP LLCN) and investigate its percutaneous absorption behavior. Methods: TASS-TGP LLCN was prepared by precursor injection method, and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined by ultrafiltration centrifugation. The prescription of TASS-TGP LLCN was optimized by uniform design with the encapsulation efficiency as the index, and the basic properties of the optimized TASS-TGP LLCN were evaluated. Meanwhile, Poloxamer 407 (F127) was used as matrix to prepare gel, Franz diffusion method was used to compare the in vitro percutaneous permeability of TASS-TGP LLCN gel with TASS-TGP ordinary gel. Results: The optimal formula of TASS-TGP LLCN was glycerol monooleate (GMO) 1.0 g, F127 0.25 g, dispersed phase 60 mL. The EE of brucine, strychnine and paeoniflorin were all more than 50%, the average particle size was about (245.3 ± 16.4) nm, the pH value was 6.62, and the cubic structure was uniform in size under transmission electron microscope. The cumulate osmotic quantities in 24 h, the permeation rate and the skin retention volume of TASS-TGP LLCN gel were all better than ordinary gel of TASS-TGP. Conclusion: TASS-TGP LLCN has dual effects of promoting permeability and skin reservoir, which has a potential development prospect.

Influence of rutin on the effects of neonatal cigarette smoke exposure-induced exacerbated MMP-9 expression, Th17 cytokines and NF-κB/iNOS-mediated inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice model

Allergic asthma is one of the most enduring diseases of the airway. The T-helper cells and regulatory T-cells are critically involved in inflammatory responses, mucus hypersecretion, airway remodelling and in airway hyper-responsiveness. Cigarette smoke (CS) has been found to aggravate inflammatory responses in asthma. Though currently employed drugs are effective, associated side effects demand identification and development of novel drugs with negligible or no adverse effects. Rutin, plant-derived flavonoid has been found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the ability of rutin to modulate T-cells and inhibit inflammation in experimentally-induced asthma in cigarette smoke exposed mice. Separate groups of neonatal mice were exposed to CS for 10 days from post-natal days 2 to 11. After 2 weeks, the mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Treatment group were given rutin (37.5 or 75 mg/kg body weight) during OVA sensitization and challenge. Rutin treatment was found to significantly inhibit cellular infiltration in the airways and Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels as well. Flow cytometry revealed effectively raised CD4⁺CD25⁺Fox3⁺ Treg cells and supressed Th17 cell population on rutin treatment. Airway hyper-responsiveness observed following CS and OVA challenge were inhibited by rutin. NF-κB and iNOS, chief regulators of inflammatory responses robustly activated by CS and OVA were down-regulated by rutin. Rutin also inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, thereby aiding in prevention of airway remodelling in asthma thereby revealing to be a potent candidate in asthma therapy.

Gene typing of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in Sichuan Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

The aim of the research is to investigate the genetic characteristics of Legionella pneumophila serogroup1 (LP1)in Sichuan Province.The sequence-based typing (SBT) and multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) were used to describe the genetic polymorphism of 42 strains which were isolated from 1989-2016 in Sichuan Province,China.According to the reference,PCR was used to detect the 8-VNTR loci and 7 housekeeping genes respectively.The VNTR results were determined by using capillary electrophoresis,and the SBT results were sequenced and compared with the database of EWGLI.Results showed that totally 42 stains were divided into 8 MLVA types with the advantage types were M08 (47.6 ％) and M07 (23.8 ％).Twelve ST types were obtained with 3 main clonal complex and 2 singleton,including 2 novel ST types,among those,ST1 was the predominant type,accounting for 52.3 ％,following by ST630 (14.2 ％).In conclusion,our results demonstrated MLVA and SBT were both applied to the research for molecular epidemiological investigation of LP1 and showed the high genetic polymorphism and the regional specificity.The results also suggest that the isolates are a potential threat to the public,effective control and prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Gene typing of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in Sichuan Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

The aim of the research is to investigate the genetic characteristics of Legionella pneumophila serogroup1 (LP1)in Sichuan Province.The sequence-based typing (SBT) and multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) were used to describe the genetic polymorphism of 42 strains which were isolated from 1989-2016 in Sichuan Province,China.According to the reference,PCR was used to detect the 8-VNTR loci and 7 housekeeping genes respectively.The VNTR results were determined by using capillary electrophoresis,and the SBT results were sequenced and compared with the database of EWGLI.Results showed that totally 42 stains were divided into 8 MLVA types with the advantage types were M08 (47.6 ％) and M07 (23.8 ％).Twelve ST types were obtained with 3 main clonal complex and 2 singleton,including 2 novel ST types,among those,ST1 was the predominant type,accounting for 52.3 ％,following by ST630 (14.2 ％).In conclusion,our results demonstrated MLVA and SBT were both applied to the research for molecular epidemiological investigation of LP1 and showed the high genetic polymorphism and the regional specificity.The results also suggest that the isolates are a potential threat to the public,effective control and prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Clinical Manifestations and Amplitude-integrated Encephalogram in Neonates with Early-onset Epileptic Encephalopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogram (aEEG) characteristics of infants with EOEE with onset within the neonatal period, to make early diagnosis to improve the prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-hundred and twenty-eight patients with neonatal seizure were enrolled and followed up till 1 year old. Sixty-six neonates evolved into EOEE were as the EOEE group, the other 62 were as the non-EOEE (nEOEE) group. Then we compared the clinical and aEEG characteristics between the two groups to analyze the manifestations in neonates with EOEE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the nEOEE group, the incidence of daily seizure attacks, more than two types of convulsions, more than two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) application, severely abnormal aEEG background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detection were significantly higher in the EOEE group (P < 0.05) (97% vs. 54.8%; 30.3% vs. 14.5%; 97.0% vs. 25.4%; 39.4% vs. 3.2%; 57.6% vs. 9.7%; and 56% vs. 3.2%, respectively). Severely abnormal background pattern (odds ratio [OR] = 0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.009-0.729, P = 0.025) and more than two seizures detection by aEEG (OR = 0.158, 95% CI: 0.043-0.576, P = 0.005) were the independent risk factors for the evolvement into EOEE. The upper and lower margins of active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS) were significantly higher in EOEE group than those of the control group (P < 0.05) (34.3 ± 13.6 vs. 21.3 ± 6.4; 9.9 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 2.2; 41.2 ± 15.1 vs. 30.4 ± 11.4; and 11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0; unit: μV, respectively). AS upper margin was demonstrated a higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for EOEE than another three parameters according to the receiver operating characteristic curves; the area under the curve was 0.827.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical characteristics of the neonatal seizure which will evolve into EOEE were more than two AEDs application, high seizure frequency (daily attack), and more than two types of the seizure. Significant high voltage, severely abnormal background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detected on aEEG were the meaningful indicators to the prediction of EOEE.</p>

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on serum uric acid and inflammatory mediators in rats with hyperuricemia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of intragastric administration of Clostridium butyricum in regulating serum uric acid, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats with hyperuricemia rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty SD rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the normal control group, hyperuricemia model group, benzbromarone (3 mg/kg daily) intervention group and live Clostridium butyricum group (1.5×10CFU/day). Except for those in the control group, the rats were subjected to intragastric administration of yeast extract and oteracil potassium once daily for 12 weeks to induce hyperuricemia with corresponding treatments. The changes in serum uric acid, lipopolysaccharides , IL-6 and TNF-α in each group were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum level of uric acid was significantly higher in rats fed with high-purine diet than in the control rats (P<0.01), demonstrating the successful establishment of hyperuricemia models. In rats with hyperuricemia, serum uric acid level was positively correlated with the levels of LPS, IL-6 and TNF-α, and their serum levels decreased significantly and progressively with time in Benzbromarone group and Clostridium butyricum group. Benzbromarone was more effective in decreasing serum uric acid in the rats, while Clostridium butyricum produced a stronger effect in down-regulating the inflammatory mediators.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chronic inflammatory reaction exists in rats with hyperuricemia. Intragastric administration of Clostridium butyricum can effectively decrease serum uric acid level and inhibit the inflammatory cytokines, and thus contributes to immune homeostasis in the intestines.</p>

Fundus features of high myopia in young adults: a three-year follow-up / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To evaluate changes in peripapillary atrophy(PPA)and retinal in young adults with high myopia(HM)for three years.<p>METHODS:A total of 22 HM patients(<i>n</i>=32 eyes, >-9 D), 35-45y, were enrolled in this self-controlled retrospective review. The following parameters were measured at baseline and 3-year follow-up visits: area of optic nerve head(ONH); area of peripapillary atrophy(PPA); area of peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy(PCA); type of PPA; average retinal thickness(ART); and total central retinal volume(TCRV). <p>RESULTS: There were no changes in the area of ONH(<i>t</i>=0.95, <i>P</i>=0.35)between baseline and 3-year follow-up visits. In contrast, the areas of PPA and PCA were significantly greater(0.69±0.71 and 0.57±0.97mm²,respectively)at the 3-year follow-up versus baseline(<i>t</i>=-3.99, <i>P</i>=0.001 and <i>t</i>=-2.33, <i>P</i>=0.03, respectively)visits. There were no changes in the type of the PPA. ART and TCRV did not differ significantly at the 3-year follow-up versus baseline visits(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:Increased areas of PCA and PPA are the main fundus features of HM(>-9 D)in young adults. PPA and PCA should be important morphological parameters during follow-up for HM in clinic.

Recent Advances and Transdermal Application of Cubosomes / 中国药学杂志

This review introduced the structural characteristics, drug carrier materials, preparation and exosyndrome of cubosomes. The authors mainly analyzed the advantages, prospect and existing problems of cubosomes as apotential drug delivery system for transdermal administration to provide a reference for further development of cubosomes as a drug delivery system for transdermal administration.

Optimization of alcohol precipitation technology of Biqiu granules based on index components and pharmacodynamics / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the rationality of alcohol precipitation technology of Biqiu granule by investigating its effect on serum histamine, IgE, IL-4, IFN and TNF-α. The contents of cafferic acid and rosmarinic acid were used as the evaluation indexes, and some factors affecting index were firstly evaluated by Plackett-Burman design; then alcohol precipitation technology was further optimized by Box-Behnken design to determine the optimal alcohol precipitation conditions. The best alcohol precipitation conditions were as follows: the relative density of herb liquor was 1.15 (65 ℃); the concentration of alcohol was 70%, and standing time was 12 hours. Optimal alcohol precipitation technology of Biqiu granules determined by pharmacodynamic screening, Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design tests, was stable and feasible with good predictability, providing reliable basis for the industrialization production of Biqiu granules.

Fast measurement method based on near infrared spectroscopy in extraction process of Tianshu capsules / 中国中药杂志

Based on the near infrared spectroscopy, partial least square (PLS) method was used to respectively develop the quantitative calibration models to fast measure the contents of the total solid and ferulic acid in extraction process of Tianshu capsule extracts. The results showed that in the quantitative model of solid content, the correlation coefficients (R²) of calibration set and cross validation set were 0.967 301 and 0.947 726. The root-mean square error of calibration set (RMSEC) was 0.054 7 and root-mean square error of cross validation set (RMSECV) was 0.069 8. Besides, in the quantitative model of ferulic acid, the correlation coefficients (R²) of calibration set and cross validation set were 0.986 879 and 0.962 243. RMSEC was 1.402 6 and RMSECV was 2.400 2. When the established models were applied to on-line monitoring, the correlation coefficients of predicted results and measured values for total solid content and ferulic acid were 0.993 3 and 0.991 6; root-mean square error of predicted value (RMSEP) was 0.039 3 and 1.669 3 respectively; mean relative deviation of predicted value (RSEP) was 3.49% and 3.58%. The results indicated that the established models can be used to fast measure the contents of the total solid and ferulic acid in extraction process of Tianshu capsule extracts.