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Objective:To realize automatic delineation of rectal cancer target volume and normal tissues and improve clinical work efficiency.Methods:The deep learning method based on convolutional neural network was adopted to construct neural network, learn and realize automatic delineation, and compare the differences between automatic delineation and manual delineation.Results:Two hundred and ten cases with rectal cancer were randomly assigned to a training set of 190 and a validation set of 20. The complete delineation of a single case took about 10s; the average Dice of CTV was 0.87±0.04; the average Dice of other normal tissues was bigger than 0.8; the Hausdorff distance (HD) index of CTV was 25.33±16.05; the mean distance to agreement (MDA) index was 3.07±1.49, and the Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC) index was 0.77±0.07.Conclusion:The deep learning method based on full convolutional neural network can realize the automatic delineation of rectal cancer target volume and improve work efficiency.
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Animal research of medical devices/medical materials is an essential part of preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation. Many questions should be taken in considerations when it comes to design and conduction animal research of medical devices/medical materials because of its uniqueness. This kind of research has widespread studying objects while has no universal standard method, and should be designed case-by-case. This article is aimed at serving as a reference for sponsors and researchers when performing preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation of medical devices/medical materials.
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Animals , Animal Experimentation , Equipment Design , Equipment and SuppliesABSTRACT
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center has carried out multiple series of studies to explore the optimization of the neoadjuvant therapy since 2005. On the one hand, the "addition" method refers to a higher intensity treatment at the neoadjuvant stage to obtain better tumor regression. On the other hand, the "subtraction" method reduces some unnecessary treatment from the current triad of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy to improve the quality of life of patients. However, locally advanced rectal cancer is associated with great heterogeneity, and therefore, any single treatment mode will not be optimal for all. Notably, the treatment decision-making should be based on clinical presentations, imaging findings, and molecular biology to precisely stratify patients. Besides, the scheme should be dynamically adjusted according to the therapeutic response, so as to realize the dual goals of prolonging patients′ life and improving their quality of life. Meanwhile, the treatment decision-making for target population under the guidance of biomarker should be dynamically and self-adaptively adjusted based on the therapeutic effect. This approach will become the future development direction and objective for the precise medical treatment for rectal cancer.
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Histone acetylation is one of the most important reactions of post-translational modification of histones, which plays an important role in the regulation of epigenetic processes. Histone deacetylase 2 as a member of type I histone deacetylases,involved in the catalytic regulation of histone and a variety of non-histone deacetylation,regulates a variety of life processes. This paper summarizes the basic structure of histone deacetylase 2 and the role of histone deacetylase 2 in various diseases,and provides a theoretical basis for conducting related studies.
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Biological tests of medical devices is an important part to evaluate its biological safety. Good quality management of the test is a powerful guarantee to ensure the authenticity, integrity and reliability of the test results. This paper is based on the biological tests of medical devices, compares GLP and ISO/IEC 17025 which is widely used in China medical device testing institutions, describes the implementation of the GLP reference points to strengthen the quality management of biological tests of medical devices under the ISO/IEC 17025 system, to provide reference for quality management of medical device testing institutions.
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China , Equipment Safety , Equipment and Supplies , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Objective To develop the Elderly Frailty Assessment Scale and test its reliability and validity.Methods The primary item pool was formulated through literature review,compounding existing instruments measuring elderly frailty and group meeting.The items were selected by expert consultation.Totally 420 elderly adults were selected to test the reliability and validity and SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze data.Results The Elderly Frailty Assessment Scale consisted of 35 items;the exploratory factor analysis identified four principal factors which explained 72.685％ of the total variance.The item content validity index ranged from 0.824 to 1,and the scale content validity index was 0.932.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.952 and test-retest reliability was 0.937.Conclusion The Elderly Frailty Assessment Scale is reliable and valid,which can be used to evaluate elderly frailty.
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Objective To describe the status quo of Aged care willingness among nursing undergraduates,and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 382 nursing undergraduates were enrolled by convenience sampling method. They were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire about the demographic data, the Kogan′s Attitudes toward Old People Scale, the Palmore′s Facts on Aging Quiz Scale and College Students′ Gratitude Trait Questionnaire. Results The overall aged care willingness score for nursing undergraduates was 17.75 ± 3.62. Appreciation, old training, happiness, retribution and living with the older people entered the multiple regression equation. Conclusions The Aged care willingness level of 382 nursing undergraduates is at medium level. Appreciation, old training, happiness, retribution and living with the older people are important influencing factors.
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BACKGROUND: Core decompression alone for osteonecrosis of femoral head easily causes fovea of femoral head and colapse of inner microstructure. Therefore, autologous bone is needed for filing and supporting. Moreover, bone marrow stem cel transplantation can decrease the incidence of femoral head colapse. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the clinical effects of core decompression and bone grafting combined with autotransplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels for osteonecrosis of femoral head. METHODS: A total of 33 patients were treated by core decompression and bone grafting combined with autotransplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in the Fourth Department of Bone Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical Colege in China from December 2012 to May 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the treatment by core decompression and bone grafting combined with autotransplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, Harris hip function score increased and pain disappeared in patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head. They could do various labors. Radiographs or CT examination displayed normal femoral head in 30 hips, accounting for 79%. Pain significantly reduced. Normal or slight limp walking was found in 15 hips, accounting for 40%. There were 35 hips in patients, whose walking distance was extended, accounting for 92%. 24 hips dysfunction was improved markedly, accounting for 63%. Al results suggested that core decompression and bone grafting combined with autotransplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels improved the local blood supply of femoral head, and played a positive role in promoting the necrotic bone absorption and bone repairing.
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Objective To assess the health status of rodent laboratory animals by pathological diagnosis, our lab has being take apart in investigating the quality of laboratory animals in Beijing area for years and offer some advices for standardized breeding to ensure accurate results of scientific research.This paper focuses on the analysis of laboratory rodent samples that collected in October 2014.Methods We collected the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine and small intestine, and put these organs into 10%Calcium formaldehyde solution for fixation, and then prepared into two different sections for optical microscopy observation including all paraffin specimens stained with H&E and the frozen sections stained with Oil Red-O and PAS.Results The vast majority of laboratory rodents were up to standard, but there still a problem in individual units.The main problem is liver and lung disease.The rate of Hepatocyte swellingis 6%(mouse), 2.5% (rat), 8.2% (guinea pig), moreover part of them were lipidosis, according to Oil Red-O stain.the mainly problem of lung is congestion ,edema and Interstitial pneumonia ,the detectable rate of pulmonarydiseases is 15.5%(guinea pig).Conclusions The vast majority of laboratory rodents were pathologically diagnosed as healthy animals.The liver disease may be caused by improper feeding.And disease of lung may led by haze, unqualified bedding and low temperature.
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Objective Mongolian gerbil can make themself urine concentration for saving water and adapt to the harsh desert environment, due to their very unique moisture control system in the body.Methods Mongolian gerbil is resistant to drought on account of their special kidney. Histology of the kidney, ureter and bladder in Meriones Unguiculataus were observed by light microscopy using HE staining.Results The results showed that compared with rats and mice, the Mongolian gerbils have more developed distal tubules, and well developed inner renal medulla.Conclusions We hope that the findings of this study enrich our understanding of the histology of urinary system in Mongolian gerbils and provide support for the laboratory animalization of this animal.