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ObjectiveTo prepare oral nanoemulsions encapsulating essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet fructus（EOFAZ） and to investigate its pro-absorption effect in vitro and distribution in vivo. MethodThe proteoglycan conjugate polysaccharides of vinegar-processed Bupleuri Radix-bovine serum albumin（VBCP-BSA） was prepared by Maillard reaction of VBCP and BSA. Taking VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， vitamin B12（VB12） as absorption enhancer， and medium chain triglycerides mixed with EOFAZ as oil phase， the nanoemulsions loaded with EOFAZ was prepared by high energy emulsification method. The particle size， particle size distribution， surface Zeta potential， EOFAZ content and appearance and morphology of the nanoemulsions were characterized， and fluorescein tracer method was used to investigate the absorption effect of fluorescein-labeled EOFAZ nanoemulsions in vitro and their distribution in vivo. ResultVBCP-BSA was formed by Maillard reaction for 48 h with high grafting rate. Using VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， the homogeneous pink nanoemulsions was prepared and denoted as EOFAZ@VBCP-BSA/VB12. The particle size of the nanoemulsions was less than 100 nm and the particle size distribution was uniform. The surface of the nanoemulsions was a weak negative charge， and the shape was spherical. The encapsulation rate of the nanoemulsions for EOFAZ was greater than 80%， which had a good absorption effect in vitro and could enhance liver accumulation after oral administration. ConclusionThe designed proteoglycan nanoemulsions can effectively load EOFAZ， promote oral absorption and enhance liver distribution， which can provide experimental basis for the development of oral EOFAZ liver protection preparations.
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Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) most commonly manifests as asymptomatic calcifications at mammography. The most common manifestation of MRI is nonmass enhancement. The ultrasound mainly presents as a hypoechoic irregular hypervascular mass without posterior features. Core-needle biopsy is a commonly used method for preoperative diagnosis of DCIS. Due to differences in needle type and sample size, there is a certain degree of pathological upgrading of the lesion. In recent years, there has been controversy over the diagnosis and treatment of DCIS. With the development of breast disease diagnostic technology, advances in digital breast tomography, artificial intelligence, and radiomics are expected to help DCIS management and address issues such as overdiagnosis.
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Objective To establish two golden hamster models infected with hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae via aerosolized intratracheal(i.t.)and intranasal(i.n.)inoculation,and compare their properties.Methods Golden hamsters of 4 to 5 weeks old were exposed to K.pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 via i.t.route and i.n.route respectively.The survival of these golden hamsters was observed and recorded within 14 days of infection before the 50%lethal dose(LD50),survival rate,bacterial respiratory deposition rate,lung bacterial load and histopathology of the infected golden hamsters in the two groups were detected.Results The LD50 of the i.t.route(3×104 CFU)was lower than that of the i.n.route(7×105 CFU)in golden hamsters.After 4×106 CFU NTUH-K2044 infection,the golden hamsters in the i.t.group had 96.46%of the bacteria deposited and colonized in the lung,developed lobar pneumonia and died without exception within 4 days of infection,while those in the i.n.group had 95.62%of the bacteria deposited in the mouth and nose initially before the bacteria moved down to the trachea for colonization and were cleared out gradually.This group mainly acquired bronchopneumonia with relatively mild lung lesions,with a 14-day survival rate of 70%.Conclusion Inoculation routes can make a difference to the disease type of respiratory tract infections in animal models.The i.t.route mainly causes lobar pneumonia with severe lung lesions,while the i.n.route leads to bronchopneumonia with mild lung lesions.The two animal models established above may be utilized for pathogenesis investigation and treatment efficacy evaluation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Objective To observe the effect of ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum block at lateral supra-arcuate ligament(QLB-LSAL)and transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)on analgesia and recovery quality after laparoscopic partial hepatectomy(LPH).Methods Fifty-eight patients underwent elective LPH were selected and divided into the quadratus lumborum group or the transversus abdominis group randomly,with 29 patients in each group.The quadratus lumborum group received bilateral QLB-LSAL,and the transversus abdominis group received bilateral subcostal TAPB block before surgery.Both groups received 20 mL of 0.33%ropivacaine on each side.All patients used patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)postoperatively.The numeric rating scale(NRS)scores for rest and movement were recorded at 2,4,6,12,24 and 48 hours postoperatively,as well as the Quality of Recovery-15(QoR-15)scores at 1 day preoperatively,1 and 3 days postoperatively.The perioperative anesthetic agent consumption,PCIA pressing frequency,remedial analgesia use in 48 h,postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)incidence and time of first out-of-bed mobilization were also recorded.Results Compared with the transversus abdominis group,the quadratus lumborum group had lower movement NRS scores at 2,4,6,12,24 and 48 hours postoperatively,and lower rest NRS scores at 2,4,6,12 and 24 hours postoperatively(P＜0.05).The quadratus lumborum group had higher QoR-15 scores at 1 and 3 days postoperatively(P＜0.05).Patients in the quadratus lumborum group had reduced perioperative remifentanil and sufentanil consumption,postoperative 48-hour rescue analgesia use,PCIA pressing frequency,PONV incidence and time of first out-of-bed mobilization(P＜0.05).Conclusion QLB-LSAL block provides superior analgesic effects and recovery quality compared to TAPB block after LPH.
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BACKGROUND:Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system,and various subsets of astrocytes are heterogeneous,performing a variety of special functions.Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology developed in recent years has extended our understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity from the perspective of transcriptome profiling. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the heterogeneity of scRNA-seq technology in different time and space,and pathological states and expand our knowledge of astrocyte heterogeneity on both molecular and functional levels. METHODS:The relevant articles on astrocyte heterogeneity and scRNA-seq were searched on PubMed,Elsevier,and CNKI databases.The search terms were"astrocytes,scRNA-seq,heterogeneity,Alzheimer disease,spinal cord injury,multiple sclerosis"in Chinese and English.Finally,74 articles were selected for viewing after screening according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:scRNA-seq studies related to the heterogeneity of astrocytes have shown that astrocyte is significantly heterogeneous across four aspects:species,developmental stage,central nervous system region,and pathological state.(1)Unique expression of certain genes occurs in astrocytes of different species,and the discovery of species-specific genes is beneficial for the translation of clinical studies.(2)During astrocyte development,differential gene expression emerged in the cellular subtypes identified at each stage,which further refined the cellular lineage of astrocytes and laid the foundation for the study of astrocyte developmental trajectories and mechanisms.(3)The discovery of differential gene expression allows regional localization of different astrocyte subpopulations and assists in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.(4)Astrocyte heterogeneity revealed by scRNA-seq can provide specific markers at the time of disease diagnosis and identify potential therapeutic targets.(5)The heterogeneity of astrocytes exists in many aspects,interacts with each other and is complex.The mechanisms of its generation,maintenance and transformation remain unclear.At present,molecular research on the single-cell level is still lacking.Linking transcriptionally defined astrocyte subpopulations to cellular activity,behavior and disease markers in real time remains one of the great challenges in the field.
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BACKGROUND:The landing test can effectively observe the biomechanical indexes of the lower limbs of patients with chronic ankle instability,analyze the balance adjustment strategies that affect the stability of chronic ankle instability posture,and provide a valuable reference for chronic ankle instability patients to avoid re-injury and clinical rehabilitation after injury. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effects of vision on the balance of chronic ankle instability and the changes in balance adjustment strategies by observing the kinematics and kinetics of chronic ankle instability patients during landing with and without vision. METHODS:Totally 31 patients with chronic ankle instability landed on a single leg from a 40 cm platform with their eyes open and closed.The dynamic and kinematic data during the landing process were collected using a three-dimensional motion capture system.The difference in landing between the healthy and the ill side legs under the two conditions was compared by paired t-test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Dynamic indexes:The relative value of the peak ground reaction force in the front,rear and vertical directions of the affected ankle joint when eyes were closed was greater than that when eyes were open,and the peak ground reaction force in the vertical direction appeared later than that when eyes were open(P<0.05).(2)Kinematics indexes:The flexion angle of the knee of the healthy and affected sides when touching the ground was greater under the condition of closed eyes than under the condition of open eyes(P<0.05).The maximum flexion angle and feedforward angle of the affected knee and ankle were greater than those of the affected side with eyes open(P<0.05).The time of landing stability was longer than that of eye opening(P<0.05).(3)It is indicated that under the condition of removing visual input,the peak of ground reaction force increases,the contact angle joint increases,and the time to stabilization of chronic ankle instability is prolonged during landing in patients with chronic ankle instability,which increases the probability of landing injury.Visual maintenance of the balance of chronic ankle instability patients cannot compensate for the vestibular sense and proprioception.
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Objective To explore the correlation between platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and carotid atherosclerotic(CAS)plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM),and the predictive value of PLR and NLR for T2DM complicated with CAS plaque.Methods A total of 369 T2DM patients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from September 2019 to November 2021 were se-lected as research subjects.The clinical data such as gender,age,course of disease,body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),personal history,and history of past illness of patients were collected by searching the electronic medical record system.Neutrophil(NC)count,lymphocyte count(LC)and platelet(PLT)count were detected by fully automated blood routine analyzer,and PLR,NLR were calculated;the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)were detected by biochemical analyzer;the level of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography.The T2DM patients were divided into T2DM uncomplicated with CAS plaque group(n=94)and T2DM complicated with GAS plaque group(n=275)based on whether they complicated with CAS plaque or not;the general clinical data,blood indicators,and PLR,NLR of patients were compared between the two groups.The T2DM patients were divided into non plaque group(group A,n=94),1 plaque group(group B,n=79),2 plaque group(group C,n=89),and 3 or more plaques group(group D,n=107)based on the number of CAS plaques;the indicators with statistical differences between T2DM uncomplicated with CAS plaque group and T2DM complicated with CAS plaque group of patients were compared among the four groups.According to the PLR quartile,the patients were divided into P1 group(PLR≤94.87,n=93),P2 group(94.87＜PLR≤117.30,n=91),P3 group(117.30＜PLR ≤ 148.53,n=93),and P4 group(PLR＞148.53,n=92),and the detection rate of CAS plaques of patients was compared among the four groups;according to the NLR quartile,the patients were divided into N1 group(NLR≤1.59,n=92),N2 group(1.59＜NLR≤1.93,n=92),N3 group(1.93＜NLR≤2.50,n=93),and N4 group(NLR＞2.50,n=92),and the detection rate of CAS plaque of patients was compared among the four groups.The risk factors of T2DM complicated with CAS plaque was analysed by multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the predictive efficacy of PLR and NLR for T2DM complicated with CAS plaque were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The age,course of T2DM,proportion of patients combined with hyper-tension,SBP,PLR,and NLR of patients in the T2DM complicated with CAS plaque group were significantly higher than those in the T2DM uncomplicated with CAS plaque group,while LC and TG levels were significantly lower than those in the T2DM uncomplicated with CAS plaque group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in gender,proportion of patients com-bined with hyperlipidemia,proportion of smoking history,proportion of drinking history,and the levels of DBP,BMI,NC,PLT,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,FBG,HbA1c between the T2DM uncomplicated with CAS plaque group and T2DM complicated with CAS plaque group(P＞0.05).The age,proportion of patients combined with hypertension,course of T2DM,SBP,PLR,and NLR of patients in group B,group C,and group D were significantly higher than that in group A,while LC level was significantly lower than that in group A(P＜0.05).The TG level of patients in group D was significantly lower than those in group A(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in TG level of patients among group A,group B,and group C(P＞0.05).The age,proportion of patients combined with hypertension,and course of T2DM of patients in group C and group D were significantly higher than those in group B,while the SBP of patients in group D was significantly higher than that in group B(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in SBP of patients between group C and group B(P＞0.05).The age,proportion of patients combined with hypertension,course of T2DM,and SBP of patients in group D were significantly higher than those in group C(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of LC,TG,and PLR of patients among group B,group C,and group D(P＞0.05).The NLR of patients in group D was significantly higher than that in group B(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in NLR of patients between group C and group B(P＞0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in NLR of patients between group D and group C(P＞0.05).The detection rate of CAS plaques of patients in P1 group,P2 group,P3 group,and P4 group showed a significant increase trend(x2=30.610,P=0.000);and the detection rate of CAS plaques of patients in N1 group,N2 group,N3 group,and N4 group showed a significant increase trend(x2=35.170,P=0.000).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,PLR,and NLR were independent risk factors for T2DM complicated with CAS plaque(odds ratio=1.107,1.017,1.940;P＜0.05).The opti-mal cutoff value of PLR in predicting T2DM complicated with CAS plaque was 119.95,with an area under the curve of 0.680,a sensitivity of 54.7％,and a specificity of 76.3％;the optimal cutoff value of NLR in predicting T2DM complicated with CAS plaque was 1.97,with an area under the curve of 0.698,a sensitivity of 56.5％,and a specificity of 79.6％.Conclusion PLR and NLR are associated with T2DM complicated with CAS plaque,which are independent risk factors for T2DM compli-cated with CAS plaque,and have certain predictive value for T2DM complicated with CAS plaque.
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Objective:To explore the application effect of the modified sandwich teaching method based on constructivism theory in clinical teaching of neurology nursing interns.Methods:A total of 29 nursing interns who practiced in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) from June 2020 to May 2021 were selected as the control group, using the conventional clinical nursing teaching method, and 28 nursing interns who practiced from June 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the observation group, using the modified sandwich teaching method based on constructivism theory. Before graduating from the Department of Neurology, nursing interns in the two groups were compared in terms of the teaching effects, such as the score of learning initiative, theoretical examination, operation examination, and nursing round report. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The score for each dimension (learning driving force, learning objectives, in-depth learning, controlled learning, and solid learning) and total score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the scores of theoretical examination and operation examination (89.11±3.58 vs. 88.97±2.74, 93.79±2.48 vs. 93.86±2.20; P>0.05); the scores of nursing rounds in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (88.61±2.60 vs. 83.38±3.97, P<0.05). Conclusions:The modified sandwich teaching method based on constructivism theory can enhance the learning initiative and comprehensive analysis ability of nursing interns in the Department of Neurology. It is suitable for clinical nursing teaching in the Department of Neurology and is worth popularizing.
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Objective:To explore the predictive value of admission serum homocysteine levels and quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) indicators for adverse outcomes in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 89 patients, who were collected as the study objects with hemorrhagic stroke treated in the neurology intensive care unit at Kailuan General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge: a good prognosis group (mRS≤2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS 3-6). Clinical data and qEEG monitoring of various brain regions were collected. The impact factors of hemorrhagic prognosis were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of qEEG and admission homocysteine levels for adverse outcomes in hemorrhagic stroke patients.Results:(1) The age of the poor prognosis group was higher than that of the good prognosis group((66.51+13.64) to (60.53+11.69), t=2.15, P=0.034) and admission serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (17.28(15.52,24.72)mmol/L to 14.50(10.28,16.00)mmol/L, Z=4.14, P<0.001). (2) In the poor prognosis group, power values of δ brain waves in leads Fp1-2, F4, C4, P4, F8, and T4 were higher than those in the good prognosis group (87.99(41.57,196.69) to 50.67(26.64,54.75), Z=2.76, P=0.006); (79.17(40.71,200.00) to 45.06(20.22,61.00), Z=2.10, P=0.036); (72.64(34.97,219.78) to 34.42(19.81,63.4), Z=2.03, P=0.043); (65.06(33.36,177.45) to 28.12(15.88,63.36), Z=2.08, P=0.038); (52.92(25.64,187.91) to 23.61(11.67,43.26), Z=2.21, P=0.027); (66.67(32.56,180.76) to 36.31(17.2,53.78), Z=2.46, P=0.014); (57.30(25.24,127.04) to 29.57(11.91,41.89), Z=2.26, P=0.024). Power values of θ brain waves in leads Fp1-2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3-4, O1, F7-8, and T3-4 were higher in the poor prognosis group(77.45(47.63,138.72)比35.88(20.92,44.81), Z=3.50, P<0.001); (77.05(35.16,120.22) to 38.74(19.86,58.09), Z=2.27, P=0.023); (85.24(52.53,147.90) to 35.42(14.7,52.59), Z=2.61, P=0.009); (75.81(37.90,124.97) to 36.85(17.92,55.43), Z=2.30, P=0.021); (72.00(43.92,123.54) to 28.37(14.02,51.9), Z=2.22, P=0.027); (67.08(32.01,104.05) to 31.32(17.98,45.28), Z=2.10, P=0.035); (55.33(32.29,94.30) to 25.64(11.87,34.01), Z=2.24, P=0.025); (48.84(20.64,96.28) to 19.85(9.83,28.58), Z=2.30, P=0.022);(48.46(25.06,81.78) to 23.95(8.80,29.16), Z=2.51, P=0.012); (64.46(39.38,112.44) to 26.85(15.74,39.58), Z=2.80, P=0.005); (65.68(31.78,102.00) to 31.09(15.98,46.96), Z=2.38, P=0.017); (45.26(28.34,73.14) to 21.45(10.57,36.59), Z=2.04, P=0.042); (43.50(22.58,78.67) to 25.45(11.91,32.26), Z=2.22, P=0.027). Power values of slow-wave index in leads Fp1-2, F3-4, C3-4, P4, F7-8, and T4, as well as the overall brain average, were higher in the poor prognosis group (6.64(2.98,10.42) to 3.65(2.31,4.30), Z=2.65, P=0.01); (6.53(3.96,11.65) to 3.53(2.56,4.51), Z=2.30, P=0.022); (7.38(4.62,13.12) to 3.83(1.70,4.71), Z=2.38, P=0.017); (5.88(4.02,12.15) to 3.18(2.21,4.46), Z=2.29, P=0.022); (6.13(3.83,11.22) to 2.97(1.53,4.58), Z=2.01, P=0.044); (6.07(3.53,9.39) to 2.74(2.00,3.81), Z=2.40, P=0.016);(4.11(2.51,9.23) to 2.18(1.37,2.82), Z=2.25, P=0.024); (5.71(3.81,10.44) to 3.22(1.86,4.04), Z=2.28, P=0.023); (6.00(3.65,10.37) to 3.04(2.00,4.00), Z=2.39, P=0.017); (4.08(2.56,8.33) to 2.08(1.60,3.14), Z=2.50, P=0.013), with significant statistical differences noted (5.45(3.31,10.08) to 3.17(2.02,4.88), Z=3.62, P=0.005). (3) Logistic regression results showed that admission homocysteine levels ( OR 1.311,95% CI 1.008-1.705, P=0.044), admission NIHSS scores ( OR 1.588,95% CI 1.074-2.349, P=0.020), and overall brain average slow-wave index were influencing factors for poor prognosis in cerebral hemorrhage ( OR 8.596,95% CI 1.088-67.889, P=0.041). (4) ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC for predicting adverse outcomes in cerebral hemorrhage was 0.768 (95% CI (0.665, 0.872)) for admission homocysteine levels, 0.743 (95% CI (0.634, 0.852)) for the overall brain average slow-wave index, and 0.896 (95% CI (0.827, 0.965)) for admission NIHSS. The cutoff values were 15.67, 3.62, and 8.5, respectively. Sensitivity was 77.8%, 71.1%, and 68.9%, and specificity was 59.4%, 68.7%, and 100%, respectively. The Youden indices were 0.372, 0.398, and 0.689. Conclusion:In the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage, electroencephalographic physiological changes manifest shows an increase in the δ, θ, and slow-wave index throughout the entire brain. Higher admission homocysteine levels suggest a worse prognosis in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Admission homocysteine levels and overall brain average slow-wave index have certain predictive value for adverse outcomes in acute cerebral hemorrhage.
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Objective To systematically evaluate and integrate the experiences of people living with HIV in peer support,and to provide references and suggestions for improving peer support for HIV patients in clinical practice.Methods The computer retrieval was performed in PubMed,CINAHL(EBSCO),Web of Science,ProQuest,CNKI and Wanfang Data from January 1,1996 to September 30,2022,to collect qualitative studies in the experience of people living with HIV participating in peer support.This qualitative systematic review was conducted under the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline.This paper was written according to the enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research(ENTREQ).Results A total of 7 qualitative studies were included,and 26 findings were extracted,which were summarized into 12 categories and integrated into 4 synthesized findings.Findings included that peer support provides patients with information and help them establish and maintain a healthy lifestyle;patients receive emotional support in peer support;patients receive instrumental support in peer support;the objective requirements and scenarios of peer support.Conclusion AIDS peer support has a positive effect on AIDS prevention and treatment,and it is important to address the practical needs of people living with HIV/AIDS.The practice of HIV peer support needs further theoretical support and scientific guidance.Building an HIV peer support model,providing systematic training and professional guidance to HIV peers is conducive to improving the accuracy of HIV peer support behaviors,the development of HIV peer support activities,and optimizing the effectiveness and sustainability of peer support for people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Objective @#To investigate the drug resistance and pathogenicity of six clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneu- moniae (Kp) ，and to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of Kp infection．@*Methods @#The six strains from different hospitals were isolated ，cultured ，and identified by species-specific gene khe． Their whole genome se- quences (WGS) were obtained using next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) ．Based on the WGS，the cap- sular serotypes，sequence types (ST) and drug-resistance genes of six strains were identified．The capsular sero- type genes and virulence genes were validated or identified using PCR. Broth microdilution tests were conducted to validate their drug susceptibility，and mice were challenged with Kp aerosols by MicroSprayer aerosolizer to evaluate their pathogenicity. @*Results @# The six strains were all serotype K2 but belonged to four ST types ( ST14 ，ST65， ST700，and ST86) ，and collectively carried six virulence genes and 23 drug-resistance genes．All the six strains were resistant to ampicillin，but only one strain was multidrug-resistant．Four strains exhibited high mucoid charac- teristics．Five strains could cause mortality in mice，which were preliminary identified as high virulence strains. @*Conclusion @# For the six Kp clinical isolates from different sources，only one strain named NY 13294 is both multi- drug-resistant and highly virulent，and other four highly virulent strains are resistant to one or two types of antibiot- ics.
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【Objective】 To observe the effect of deglycerolized red blood cells suspended in MAP on preservation and explore the most effective preservation method. 【Methods】 Concentrated red blood cells were prepared by centrifuging 400 mL of whole blood on the third day after collection. 40% compound glycerol solution was added using the ACP 215 automatic blood cell analyzer, and the resulting mixture was stored in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at -65℃ for 30 days. After thawing and washing, it was equally separated into two bags. The control group received 0.9% sodium chloride solution, while the experimental group received MAP. Both groups were stored at 2-6℃. Hematological parameters, hemolysis indexes and cell metabolism indexes were measured on day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after storage. The quality changes of both groups were observed during the 14-day storage period. 【Results】 The quality of red blood cells in both groups was assessed through a panel of quality tests, including volume, hemoglobin content, free hemoglobin content, white blood cell residue, glycerin residue and sterility. These results met the Quality Requirements outlined in the "Quality Requirements of Whole Blood and Component Blood" (GB18469-2012), Hematocrit, red blood cell count, Hb recovery rate after washing and MCV meet the detection limit outlined in the "Expert Consensus on Quality Evaluation Indicators for Frozen Red Blood Cells", and the residual amount of platelets exceeds the detection limit(≤1%). There were no significant differences in RBC, Hct, MCV and hemoglobin between the two groups during the 14 day storage period. The level of free hemoglobin, hemolysis rate and K+ value increased in both groups over time. Significant differences in free hemoglobin were found on day 3, 5, 7 and 14 between the two groups(P<0.05). Hemolysis rate was significantly different on days 3, 5, 7 and 14, while K+ value was significantly different only on day 14(P<0.05). On day 14, the osmotic fragility of red blood cells was higher in the control group than in the experimental group(P<0.05); The ATP and pH values of both groups decreased as storage time increased, and significant differences in ATP and pH value were found on day 3, 5, 7 and on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, respectively(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Deglycerolized red blood cells suspended in MAP additive solution can extend the storage period of blood to 7 days. This study provides a reference for the formulation of relevant standards.
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Objective:To understand the basic information such as age,job title,and education of rehabilita-tion therapists in the Grade Ⅲ public psychiatric hospitals in China,and provide fundamental data for the construc-tion of the mental health rehabilitation talent team.Methods:The staffing of rehabilitation therapists in 43 Grade Ⅲpublic psychiatric hospitals in eastern,central,and western regions of China were investigated.The age,education,job title,professional relevance and inter-regional differences of the rehabilitation therapists were statistically ana-lyzed.Results:There were 197 rehabilitation therapists in 43 hospitals surveyed.The age distribution was mainly in 20-30 and 30-40 years old with a bachelor's degree and junior,and more than half of the personnel had their first academy degree related to the rehabilitation profession.The differences in age,education,job title were statistically significant in the eastern,central and western regions.Conclusion:The overall quality of the rehabilitation therapists in China's Grade Ⅲ public psychiatric hospitals is relatively high,and the age structure is reasonable.However,the proportion of senior professional titles is relatively low.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on talent training and the establishment of promotion systems in the future,in order to improve the professional development space and level of the entire industry.
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It is the current confusion encountered by integrated Chinese and Western medicine that how to find the breakthrough direction of integrating Chinese and Western medicine， from crossover to integration to innovation， and open up a new horizon of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. The progress of Chinese medicine lay in expanding the scope of diagnosis and treatment with the help of modern diagnostic and therapeutic equipments and developing “micro” identification， while the progress of Western medicine lay in looking at “macro” and developing systemic medicine and integrated medicine， both of which are in the direction of each other. The “state-target identification and treatment” may become an important way to build a modern diagnosis and treatment system of integrated Chinese and Western medicine， and the thinking mode of “from target to state” is a further refinement and development on the basis of the theoretical system of “state-target identification and treatment”， which provided a clearer solution for the current stage of the integrated Chinese and Western medicine model， and pointed out the important development direction for the future integrated Chinese and Western medicine. From the perspective of strategic level and diagnosis and treatment practice， it integrated the “target-state” thinking mode into the modern diagnosis and treatment model of the integrated Chinese and Western medicine， i.e.， “Western medicine as the basis and treating with Chinese medicine； Chinese medicine as the basis and treating with Western medicine”. On the one hand， Western medicine should strengthen the reference to the traditional theories and holism of Chinese medicine， and advocate a higher level of education on the integrated Chinese and Western medicine under the guidance of the traditional theories of Chinese medicine. On the other hand， the “from target to state” mode of thinking should be applied to guide the establishment of diagnostic and treatment strategies and clinical selection of medicines in clinical practice， so as to locate the target and adjust the body state in a gradual and orderly manner， and to provide practical methods for the modern clinical work of the integrated Chinese and Western medicines. Chinese and Western medicine systems can learn from each other， combine organically， give full play to their respective strengths， and form an internal law， so as to make breakthroughs and innovations in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine model.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome types and influencing factors of protein-energy wasting （PEW） in chronic kidney disease （CKD） undergoing maintenance hemodialysis （MHD）. MethodsAccording to diagnostic criteria， 164 patients with MHD were divided into PEW group and non-PEW group. The clinical data of all patients were collected， including general information such as gender， age， height and weight， disease characteristics such as course， cormobidity， and haemodialysis duration， laboratory indicators such as blood routine， liver function， renal function， electrolyte， blood lipid， grip strength， and the four examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the influencing factors of PEW by taking the clinical indicators with significant differences between the two groups （P＜0.05） as the independent variables， diagnosis of PEW as the dependent variable， and normal values as the reference. ResultsOut of 164 patients with MHD， there were 96 （58.5%） cases in PEW group and 68 cases （41.5%） in non-PEW group. Compared to the non-PEW group，PEW group had increased age， ratios of bedrest， deep vein preservation， edema， and low grip strength， percentages of comorbidities type 2 diabetes， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，infections and anemia， and levels of alanine aminotransferase and permine amin aminotransferase， as well as decreased body mass index， self-care ratio，internal arteriovenous fistula， red blood cell count， hemoglobin， serum total protein， serum albumin levels （P＜0.05）. The PEW group had significantly higher frequency of poor appetite and digestion， abdominal distension， fear of cold and preference of warmth， weak breathing and fatigue， poor appetite， oliguria， nausea and vomiting than non-PEW group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of both yin and yang deficiency syndrome and damp-turbidity syndrome were significantly higher in the PEW group than the non-PEW group， while that of liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome and stirring of wind syndrome were lower （P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI （＜22 kg/m2）， inability to take care of oneself， low grip strength，low serum albumin （＜38 g/L）， infection， older age， fear of cold and cold limbs，and poor appetite were the risk factors of PEW in patients undergoing MHD （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe root syndrome of MHD-PEW patients is both yin and yang deficiency， concurrent with damp-turbidity syndrome. Low BMI， low serum albumin， infection and older age may be the influencing factors of PEW in patients undergoing MHD.
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【Objective】 To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province from December 9, 2021 to January 20, 2022, and analyze the factors influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. 【Methods】 We collected the data of local COVID-19 cases from December 9, 2021 to January 20, 2022 published on the official website of Health Commission of Shaanxi Province. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the differences between groups. The unconditional Logistic regression model was applied to analyze the factors influencing the interval between isolation and diagnosis. 【Results】 The outbreak of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province started on December 9, 2021 and ended on January 20, 2022. The overall change trend of the outbreak showed an "inverted V" shape. A total of 2,080 confirmed local cases were reported, and the main type of disease was mild, with an incidence rate of 5.26/100,000. Xi’an had the most cases, accounting for 98.69% of the total. The reported cases were mainly concentrated in people aged 21 to 55 years old, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.19∶1. The median interval from isolation to diagnosis was 3 days, the shortest interval being 0 day and the longest interval being 21 days. Unconditional Logistic regression model analysis showed that the way of finding cases was the factor influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. Compared with the way of isolation of the key population, the way of the nucleic acid screening could reduce the risk of late detection of confirmed cases by 89% (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.07-0.16). 【Conclusion】 The way of finding cases is the factor influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. In the face of the recent intensification of the spread of Omicron variant in mainland China, accurate and rapid identification and detection of confirmed cases can not only reduce the risk of the spread of the epidemic, but also endeavor more time and initiative for the treatment of patients, which is the key to curbing the spread of the epidemic.
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ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and thin layer chromatography（TLC） identification method of Kaixinsan（KXS） samples， in order to clarify the key quality attributes and provide reference for the quality evaluation of KXS. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatogram of KXS was developed with YMC Hydrosphere C18 column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-15 min， 2%-20%A； 15-25 min， 20%-25%A； 25-30 min， 25%-30%A； 30-45 min， 30%-31%A； 45-50 min， 31%-44%A； 50-65 min， 44%-45%A； 65-73 min， 45%-75%A； 73-95 min， 75%-100%A； 95-105 min， 100%A； 105-105.1 min， 100%-2%A； 105.1-120 min， 2%A）， the detection wavelength was 320 nm. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry（UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS） was used to identify the chemical components of KXS with electrospray ionization（ESI）， negative ion mode and scanning range of m/z 50-2 000. TLC identification methods for Poria and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in KXS were established. ResultThere were 11 common peaks in the specific chromatogram of KXS， attributed to Polygalae Radix， Poria and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. Taking peak 9（α-asarone） as the reference peak， the relative standard deviations of the retention times of 15 batches of KXS samples were<0.2%. A total of 34 compounds were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS， including terpenoids， phenylpropanoids， oligosaccharides and ketones. The established TLC had good separation and was rapid， reliable， simple， feasible， suitable for the identification of Poria and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in KXS. ConclusionThe specific chromatogram and TLC of KXS are stable and reproducible. The material basis of KXS is basically clarified by MS， which can provide a reference for the development and quality control of KXS.
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OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of measuring the soft tissue height of bone cristae around implant by digital method.@*METHODS@#A total of 36 patients with dental implants were selected from the Dental Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) from August 2022 to December 2022. A total of 43 dental implants were enrolled. All postoperative cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging data and intraoral digital impressions obtained before surgery were immediately obtained by the patients on the day of completion of oral implant surgery and they were imported into oral implant surgery planning software for image fitting. Then, virtual implants of the same specification were placed in the planting area, and the implant position was adjusted to overlap with the implant shadow in the CBCT image. Supracrestal tissue height (STH) was measured at the implant view interface (digital group). During the operation, implant holes were prepared step by step in accordance with the standard preparation method, and implants were implanted. The upper edge of the implant was flushed with the crest of the alveolar ridge. STH was measured by perio-dontal probing (periodontal probe group). Paired t-test was used to compare the STH differences between the digital and periodontal probe groups. Bland-Altman test was used to analyze the consistency of the two methods. Intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the reliability of the results measured by different surveyors using di-gital methods.@*RESULTS@#No statistical significance was observed in the STH difference between the two methods (P>0.05). Bland-Altman test showed good consistency between the two methods, but the measurement of mandibular posterior teeth showed that the results of periodontal probe were greater than those of digital method. The ICC and 95%CI of the STH results measured digitally by different surveyors are 0.992 (0.986-0.996).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The digital me-thod is in good agreement with the periodontal probe method in measuring the soft tissue height of the bone cristae around the implant.
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Humans , Alveolar Process/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Dental Implants , Feasibility Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Tooth/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Background A rational diet is the foundation of health. Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents and Chinese Food Guild Pagoda aim to provide healthy eating guidance for Chinese residents. Objective To evaluate the rationality and applicability of the "Chinese Food Guild Pagoda" (2022). Methods The energy and nutrient supplies of foods recommended by the Food Pagoda-were calculated based on the chinese food composition Table. The degree of requirement satisfaction for energy or nutrients was calculated by comparing with the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) or adequate intake (AI) for adults (≥ 18 years) with light physical activity according to the Chinese dietary reference intakes. Results The estimated energy intake was 46662.79-10062.28 kJ, which met the 6697.36-10046.04 kJ set by the Food Pagoda. We estimated that 65.74-102.78 g of protein, 59.67-82.71 g of fat, and 211.27-333.19 g of carbohydrate were provided by following the Food Pagoda. Adequate vitamins and minerals were also provided by following the Food Pagoda. However, the amounts of vitamin E was estimated to be 2.40-3.28 times and sodium was 1.59-1.75 times of AI, while selenium was 63.40%-98.15% of RNI. Conclusion The amounts of vitamin E and sodium by following the Food Pagoda may be higher and selenium may be lower than recommended intakes. Energy and other nutrients in the Food Pagoda are suitable for general adults in China.
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cerebral small vessel disease, mainly caused by β-amyloid deposition on the small vessels less than 200 μm in diameter in cortex and leptomeninges. CAA is a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly, especially lobar location. Early symptoms are insidious, and as the disease progress, they manifest as cerebral hemorrhage, cognitive decline, transient focal neurological episodes, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, headache, etc. MRI revealed that CAA is a disease in which bleeding and ischemia coexist, and even inflammation and immune responses are involved. MRI findings of CAA include cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral microbleeds, convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage and cortical superficial siderosis, cortical microinfarcts, CAA-associated inflammation, white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral atrophy and lacune, etc. The same patient often has several of the above manifestations, and each manifestation has different specificity for the diagnosis of CAA. The rapid development of MRI technology has led to the improvement of the diagnostic level of CAA, and it is of great clinical significance to understand these imaging findings. This article reviews the MRI findings of sporadic CAA.