Analysis of passive smoking exposure and its influencing factors in non-smokers aged ≥18 in Tianjin / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the passive smoking exposure and its influencing factors in non-smokers aged≥18 in Tianjin.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Based on the 2018 Tianjin Adults Noncommunicable Disease and Nutrition Surveillance, non-smokers aged≥18 years old at 7 surveillance sites were selected as the research objects, taking 2018 population data of Tianjin as the standard population, the sample data were weighted to analyze the general demographic characteristics, the level of passive smoking exposure, the cognition of tobacco harm, and the influencing factors of passive smoking exposure. Pearson χ 2 test was used to compare the rate between groups, and the influencing factors were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. Results:After weighted, the passive smoking exposure rate was 51.5%, among non-current smokers, the awareness rates of smoking related lung cancer and passive smoking related adult lung cancer were 83.3% and 80.0%, respectively. The awareness rates of smoking related stroke and passive smoking related heart disease in adults were 61.4% and 66.4%, respectively. The awareness rate that smoking related stroke was higher in the non-passive smoking exposed group than in the secondhand smoke exposed group (62.7% vs 60.3%, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the awareness rate of smoking related heart attacks and lung cancer as well as passive smoking related adult heart disease, adult lung cancer, and lung disease in children between the passive smoking exposed group and the non-passive smoking exposed group (all P>0.05). The awareness rate of smoking related three diseases (stroke, heart attack and lung cancer) was 57.9% and the awareness rate of passive smoking related three diseases (heart disease in adults, lung cancer and lung disease in children) was 64.9% in non-current smokers. Among men, undergraduate or above was a protective factor for second-hand smoke exposure. Heads, clerical and related personnel of state organs, party and mass organizations, enterprises and public institutions were risk factors for secondhand smoke exposure. Among women, age ≥60 years and high education were protective factors for secondhand smoke exposure. Conclusions:Non smokers aged 18 and above in Tianjin have a higher level of passive smoking exposure, and the awareness rate of tobacco exposure related cardiovascular diseases is low. In future, the health education of relevant knowledge should be strengthened.

Cognitive function characteristics in patients with myasthenia gravis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the cognitive function characteristics in patients with myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods:The cognitive function of 83 MG patients and 39 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated by MMSE, California verbal learning test( CVLT), brief visuospatial memory test revised(BVMT-R), symbol digit modalities test(SDMT), benton judgment of line orientation test(BJLOT), paced auditory serial addition Test(PASAT) and verbal fluency test(VFT). The depression state was assessed by beck depression inventory (BDI). The results were compared between MG and HC groups.The effect of clinical characteristics such as disease type, comorbidities, course of disease, disease severity, and drug treatment on cognitive impairment in MG group was further analysed.Results:The scale scores of MMSE(28(26, 29), 29(28, 30)), CVLT, BVMT-R, SDMT((37.06±12.18), (47.54±14.91)) and PASAT((32.86±10.23), (37.00±8.82)) in MG were significantly lower than those in control group ( P<0.05). There were no statistical difference regarding the scores of BJLOT, VFT and BDI in the two groups( P>0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that QMG scores were negatively correlated with SDMT scores( r=-0.234, P<0.05). MG-ADL scores were inversely correlated with total BVMT-R scores of three trials( r=-0.283, P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with MG suffered from cognitive impairment, mainly in memory, attention, processing speed and visual memory, which supported the hypothesis of CNS involvement in MG.Dysfunction in some cognitive domains may be related to the disease severity.Clinicians need take morce attention to early assessment, developing long-term follow-ups and appropriate intervention.

Association between manganese superoxide dismutase gene Val16Ala polymorphism and breast cancer in Hainan province / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the relationship of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene Val16Ala polymorphism with the occurrence and progression of breast cancer in Hainan province.Methods:Two hundred and two breast cancer patients who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from January 2014 to December 2015 and 184 healthy female volunteers (control group) who underwent the physical examination during the same period were selected. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the MnSOD gene Val16Ala polymorphism, and the correlations of different alleles and genotypes with occurrence of breast cancer were compared.Results:The frequency of Ala alleles in the experimental group and control group was 15.3% (62/404) and 13.9% (51/368), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the distributions of 2 alleles and 3 genotypes Val/Val, Val/Ala and Ala/Ala between the experimental group and the control group (all P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the frequency of 2 alleles and 3 genotypes before and after menopause between the experimental group and the control group (all P > 0.05). Ala alleles were associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.04-3.08, χ 2 = 4.457, P < 0.05) and TNM stage (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.11-3.41, χ 2 = 5.657, P < 0.05). Conclusion:MnSOD gene Val16Ala polymorphism has no correlation with the occurrence of breast cancer in Hainan province, but it may play a role in promoting tumor progression.

Correlation between gene C242T polymorphism and large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the population of Han nationality of Shanghai's Songjiang district / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the relationship between the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase p22phox subunit C242T gene polymorphism and large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infaretion(LAACI) among Han population in Songjiang district of Shanghai city.Methods The polymerase chain reaction-restrictive fragment length polymorphism analysis and gene sequencing techniques were adopted to conduct the gene type and allele frequency detection of C242T gene polymorphism loci in 310 Han patients with LAACI and 330 healthy individuals as control group in Shanghai Songjiang area.Then the correlation between C242T gene polymorphism and LAACI was analyzed.Results The level of MDA and the activity of NADPH oxidase in the LAACI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The smoking rate,alcohol drinking rate,hypertension rate,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,and levels of blood glucose,TC,TG,LDL,ox-HDL and ox-LDL in the LAACI group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),while the HDL level in LAACI group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The frequencies of CT+TT genetype and T allelic gene in the LAACI group were much higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05);the Logistic regression analysis found that smoking,hypertension,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,blood glucose level,Lp (a),ox-HDL level,MDA level,NADPH oxiolase activity and NADPH C242T genotype were independent risk factors for LAACI.Conclusion NADPH oxidase P22phox C242T gene polymorphism has a correlation with LAACI and is another independent risk factor for LAACI except for hypertension,smoking and lipid oxidation.

Clinical effects of Xiaoer-Chaigui-Tuire granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the effects of Xiaoer-Chaigui-Tuire granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods A total of 200 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia which conformed to the standard of admission were randomly divided into the control group (n=100) and the treatment group (n=100). The control group were treated with azithromycin, and the treatment group were treated with Xiaoer-Chaigui-Tuire granules combined with azithromycin. The temperature recovery time, cough disappeared time, asthma disappeared time, lungs rale disappeared time of the two groups were observed and compared. The serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were detected by ELISA and the CD3, CD4, CD8 cell ratio of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Results The total effect rate of the treatment group was 95.0％ (95/100), significantly higher than 80.0％ (80/100) of the control group (χ2=10.286, P=0.001). The fever disappeared time (2.5 ± 0.3 d vs. 4.2 ± 0.9 d, t=17.004), cough disappeared time (3.0 ± 0.6 d vs. 4.5 ± 0.5 d, t=19.861), asthma disappeared time (3.1 ± 1.1 d vs. 4.0 ± 1.3 d, t=5.046), lungs rale disappeared time (4.2 ± 1.0 d vs. 8.4 ± 1.5 d, t=22.988) and of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the IgG (9.47 ± 1.63 g/L vs. 7.05 ± 1.46 g/L, t=11.059), IgM (1.87 ± 0.52 g/L vs. 1.53 ± 0.48 g/L, t=4.804) and IgA (1.79 ± 0.61 g/L vs. 1.20 ± 0.53 g/L, t=7.301) of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the blood CD3 levels (78.83％ ± 5.20 ％ vs. 57.48％ ± 4.09％, t=32.271), CD4 levels (40.27％ ± 3.42％ vs. 30.54％ ± 3.27％, t=20.563) of the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group, and the blood CD8 levels (21.15％ ± 2.90％ vs. 30.14％ ± 3.85％, t=18.651) of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between two groups (χ2=0.649, P=0.421). Conclusions The Xiaoer-Chaigui-Tuire granules combined with azithromycin for children with MPP has a good efficacy and low adverse events. They could relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the children's immune function.

Effects of hydrochloride fasudil on inflammatory response and secondary brain injury in rats after intracerebral hemorrhage / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrochloride fasudil on inflammation and secondary brain injury in rats after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods One hundred and seventeen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=9),sham-operated group (n=36),ICH group (n=36) and hydrochloride fasudil treatment group (ICH/HF,n=36).ICH was caused by injecting non-anticoagulant autologous arterial blood into the right caudate nucleus,3 mg HF was dissolved in 2 mL 0.9％ saline solution and administrated intraperitioneally once daily (12 mg/kg/d) since 12 h ofICH onset.Rats in the sham-operated group and ICH group received an equal volume of normal saline.On one,3,7 and 14 d ofICH induction,Bederson method was used to score neurological deficits in rats;interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Brain edema was measured by comparing wet and dry brain weights.Inflammatory cell infiltration around the hematoma was visualized using hematoxylin and eosin,and changes in neuronal morphology were detected by Nissl staining.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2.Results (1) The neurological deficit scale scores on one and 3 d ofICH in the ICH/HF group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the ICH group (P＜0.05).(2) Serum IL-6 (except 14 d of ICH) and TNF-α levels in ICH/HF group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the ICH group (P＜0.05).(3) Brain water contents at each time point in ICH/HF group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the ICH group (P＜0.05).(4) HE staining showed the sizes of hematoma on one and 3 d ofICH in the ICH/HF group and ICH group were consistent;but ICH/HF group had smaller hematomas on 7 d of ICH,and disappeared hematoma and glial cell hyperplasia on 14 d of ICH.Mass neutrophils infiltration developed in the perihematomal areas of the ICH and ICH/HF groups;however,neutrophils infiltration in the ICH/HF group ([20.56±6.37] cells/field) was significantly decreased as compared with that in the ICH group ([41.50±8.91] cells/field) on one d of ICH (P＜0.05).(5) Nissl staining showed neuron death and loss in the perihematomal areas on one,3 and 7 d of ICH in the ICH group;but ICH/HF group had significantly increased neuron number as compared with the ICH group (P＜0.05).(6) The Caspase-3 expression on 3 and 7 d ofICH in the ICH/HF group was significantly decreased as compared with that in the ICH group (P＜0.05);the Bcl-2 expressions at each time point in the ICH/HF group was significantly increased as compared with that in the ICH group (P＜0.05).Conclusion HF exerts neuroprotective effects in ICH rat models by decreasing serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels,reducing neutrophils infiltration and neuronal necrosis around the hematoma,restraining the cell apoptosis through down-regulating Caspase-3 and up-regulating expression of Bcl-2,alleviating the brain edema,and improving the neurological outcome.

Progress on saliva tests in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases / 临床儿科杂志

Currently, saliva tests have been regarded as a potential promising diagnotic tool because of its noninvasiveness, quickness and simplicity, high accuracy, fullness of biomarkers, and other advantages. It has been applied in clinical diagnosis, treatment evaluation, epidemiological survey and other clinical works, while its potential applications have not yet been fully recognized by Chinese pediatrician. This review presents an overview on the application of salivary diagnostics in pediatrics ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, immune system diseases, nervous-mental system diseases and other system diseases, and offers a new potential research strategy for accurate diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases.

Association of NAD(P)H oxidase C242T gene polymorphism with lipid level and lipid metabolism of patients with cerebral infarction from Shongjiang Shanghai / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the relations ofnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD [P]H) oxidase p22phox C242T gene polymorphism with hyperlipidemia and cerebral infarction.Methods A case-control association study containing 207 hyperlipidemia patients (collected from Physical Examination Center from March 2014 to March 2015),185 cerebral infarction patients (collected from Department of Neurology from March 2014 to March 2015) and 183 controls (collected from Physical Examination Center from March 2014 to March 2015) was carried out.The genetypes and allele frequency were compared;the clinical data,lipoprotein oxidation level and NAD (P)H oxidase activity were performed correlation analysis between different patient groups and different genetypes.Results There were no differences in low-density lipoprotein (LDL),oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde levels,NAD (P)H oxidase activity,and frequencies of CT+TT genotype and T allelic gene between patients with hyperlipidemia and controls (P＞0.05).Group of cerebral infarction had significantly higher serum levels of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and malondialdehyde,and NAD(P)H oxidase activity than the controls (P＜0.05);the frequencies of CT+TT genotype and T allelic gene in patients with cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those in the controls (P＜0.05).There was no difference between CC genotype patients and CT+TT genotype patients in the serum levels of triglyceride,cholesterol and HDL (P＞0.05),but CC genotype patients had significantly higher serum levels of oxidized HDL,oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde,and NADPH oxidase activity than CT+TT genetype patients (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking,hypertension,serum levels oflipoprotein (a),oxidized HDL and malondialdehyde,NADPH oxidase activity and T allelic gene (OR=0.299,95％CI:0.102-1.879,P=0.028) were independent risk factors for cerebral infarction.Conclusion C242T polymorphism is associated with lipoprotein oxidation and cerebral infarction in Han people from Shanghai Songjiang of China,and T allelic gene and lipoprotein oxidation are independent risk factors for cerebral infarction.

High mobility group box 1 protein and intracerebral hemorrhage / 国际脑血管病杂志

High mobility group box l protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved non-histone DNA binding protein,which is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells.HMGB1 is an important proinflammatory cytokine,involving in various pathological and physiological processes,such as inflammation,neurogenesis and angiogenesis.In the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage,HMGB1 can induce secondary brain injury,such as inflammatory reaction,neuronal necrosis,and brain edema.However,in the late stage of intracerebral hemorrhage,HMGB1 can promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis,and thus improving neurological function.HMGB1 will become a novel therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the future.

Clinical features of late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders / 天津医药

Objective To explore the clinical features of late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (LON?MOSD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate 61 patients with LONMOSD admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to May 2015. Results (1) The median age at onset was 57 (53, 63) years, male/female was 1∶3.7. Thirty-two patients (52.5%) had transverse myelitis (TM) and 16 patients (26.2%) had optic neuritis (ON) at the disease onset. Fifty-one patients (83.6%) experienced recurrent attacks. Forty patients (65.6%) showed abnormal brain magnetic resonance imag?ing (MRI). Spinal cord MRI showed more frequently present in thoracic regions (39.3%). (2) There were no significant differ?ences in clinical features between AQP-4 seropositive and seronegative groups. (3) By Spearman analysis, it was obvious that EDSS scores at acute phase and remission were positively correlated to AQP-4 antibody levels (rs=0.389, P0.05;rs=0.096, P>0.05). Conclusion LONMOSD patients are more prone to present with TM at onset and have more lesions in thoracic spinal cord and brain. The AQP-4 antibody titres can indicate the severity of disease in acute phase.

Protein expression profile of mast cells in response to recombinant VP1-VP4 of foot-and-mouth disease virus / 生物工程学报

To reveal the innate immunity of mast cells against recombinant VP1-VP4 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), mouse peritoneal mast cells (PMCs) were pulsed with recombinant VP1-VP4 protein. The supernatants harvested from PMCs cultures were applied to the high throughput ELISA array. Our results show that the expression levels of CCL19, L-selectin, CCL17, and TNF alpha released from PMCs pulsed with recombinant VP1-VP4 were significantly down-regulated compared with PMCs alone (P<0.001). Surprisingly, in comparison with PMCs alone, the expression levels of CCL19, IL-15, IL-9, G-CSF, and Galectin-1 in PMCs with the mannose receptor (MR) inhibitor were significantly up-regulated (Plt;0.01), and the expression level of IL-10 was also remarkably up-regulated (Plt;0.05). Importantly, the protein expression levels in PMCs treated with MR inhibitor were higher than PMCs pulsed with VP1-VP4, including IL-10, IL-17, CCL20, IL-15, IL-9, L-selectin, CCL17, TNF alpha, and CCL19 (Plt;0.01) as well as CCL21, and G-CSF (Plt;0.05). Differential expression analysis in bioinformatics shows that both L-selectin and CCL17 were recognized as differentially expressed protein molecules (Log2(ratio)≤-1) when compared with PMCs alone. Furthermore, the up-regulation of the expression levels of CCL20, CCL19, L-selectin, and IL-15 in PMCs treated with MR inhibitor was defined as differential expression (Log2(ratio)≥1). These data indicate that PMCs are capable of secreting CCL19, L-selectin, CCL17, and TNF alpha spontaneously and the recombinant VP1-VP4 has an inhibitive potential to PMCs during their performance of innate immune response. Given the protein expression levels from PMCs pre-treated with MR inhibitor were significantly increased, it can be deduced that immunosuppression of FMDV is presumably initiated by the VP1 recognition of MR on mast cells.

Preparation of levobupivacaine hydrochloride sustained-release in-situ gel injection and its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in animals / 中国药科大学学报

@#The purpose of this study was to develop a novel phospholipidas-based in-situ gel sustained-release formulation of levobupivacaine hydrochloride injection. Appropriate formulation was screened based on the factors such as phospholipid type, ratio of phospholipid to ethanol, ratio of water to phospholipid-ethanol mixture, which indicated typical in-situ gel profiles. Pharmacokinetic study using beagles showed that there were delayed tmax and prolonged t1/2 in levobupivacaine plasma-time profile after administration of the phospholipidas-based in-situ gel formulation if compared to commercially available conventional levobupivacaine hydrochloride injection. Pharmacodynamic studies conducted on guinea-pig demonstrated that it maintained 48-72 hr regional anesthesia, much longer than that of the anesthesia in the group receiving conventional injection. Hence, this novel in-situ gel intended for injection is worthy of development.

Open information environment-based development strategies for academic library / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After the connotation and features of open information environment were briefly described , the challen-ges of open information environment to the central position of information resources and information service functions in academic library were pointed out with measures put forward for development of academic library.

The protective role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury

The mechanism underlying T cell-mediated fulminant hepatitis is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) could prevent the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis through suppressing T cell proliferation. We observed an increase in the frequencies of MDSCs in mouse spleen and liver at early stage of ConA treatment, implicating that the MDSCs might be involved in the initial resistance of mice against ConA-mediated inflammation. Subpopulation analysis showed that the MDSCs in liver of ConA-induced mice were mainly granulocytic MDSCs. Adoptive transfer of the bone marrow-derived MDSCs into ConA-treated mice showed that the MDSCs migrated into the liver and spleen where they suppressed T cell proliferation through ROS pathway. In addition, the frequencies of MDSCs in mice were also significantly increased by the treatment with immune suppressor glucocorticoids. Transfer of MDSCs into the regulatory T cell (Treg)-depleted mice showed that the protective effect of MDSCs on ConA-induced hepatitis is Treg-independent. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MDSCs possess a direct protective role in T cell-mediated hepatitis, and increasing the frequency of MDSCs by either adoptive transfer or glucocorticoid treatment represents a potential cell-based therapeutic strategy for the acute inflammatory disease.

Testing immunogenicity of recombinant antibody by surface plasmon resonance / 药学学报

With the development of bio-technological drugs, drug immunogenicity evaluation has become key factor of clarifying safety and efficacy of these drugs. It has become the focus to establish a stable and reliable evaluation system. Due to the advantages such as continuous real-time monitoring, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has been widely used in bio-technological drugs immunogenicity assessments. Our study applied this technology to detect anti-drug antibody (ADA) of a recombinant human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody NM57 in the sera of 48 volunteers admitted in phase I clinical trials. This method could satisfy the basic requirements of detection of ADA.

Effects of simvastatin preconditioning on inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in thoracic aorta in a rat model of sepsis / 中华麻醉学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of simvastatin preconditioning on the expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS,eNOS) in thoracic aorta in a rat model of sepsis.Methods Eighty pathogen-free female Wistar rats aged 4 months weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups:group normal control (group Ⅰ,n =8) ; group sham operation (group Ⅱ,n =8) ; group sepsis (group Ⅲ,n =32) and group simvastatin preconditioning (group Ⅳ,n =32).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.In group Ⅳ simvastatin 20 mg/kg was given via a gastric tube once a day for 2 weeksbefore CLP.The thoracic aorta specimens were taken at 3,6,24 and 48 h after CLP (n =8 at each time point)for detection of iNOS and eNOS protein expression by Western blot analysis.ResultsCLP significantly up-regulated iNOS expression and down-regulated eNOS expression in group Ⅲ as compared with groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Simvastatin pretreatment significantly attenuated CLP-induced increase in iNOS expression and decrease in eNOS expression in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅲ.ConclusionSimvastatin preconditioning can protect vascular endothelial cells from septic injury by down-regulating iNOS expression and up-regulating eNOS expression in vascular endothelial cells.

Effect of simvastatin on endothelial cell function in a rat model of sepsis / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of simvastatin on endothelial cell function in a rat model of sepsis. Methods Ninety-six pathogen-free female Wistar rats aged 4 months weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 32 each): group sham operation (group Ⅰ ); group sepsis (group Ⅱ )and group simvastatin + sepsis(group Ⅲ ) . Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In group Ⅲ simvastatin 20 mg/kg was given via a gastric tube once a day for 2 weeks. Blood samples were taken from carotid artery at 3,6, 24 and 48 h ( n = 8 at each time point) for WBC count and measurement of serum E-selectin concentration (by ELISA) . Results CLP significantly increased WBC count and serum E-selectin concentration in group Ⅱ as compared with group Ⅰ . The peak values were reached at 6 h after operation. Simvastatin pretreatment attenuated the sepsis-induced increase in WBC count and serum E-selectin concentration in group Ⅲ. Conclusion Protection of endothelial cell function is involved in the mechanism of treatment of sepsis with simvastatin.

Evaluation of image quality and radiation dose in maramography: a comparison among digital radiography, computed radiography and film-screen systems / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To compare the image quality, radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy on film-screen, digital radiography (DR) and computed radiography (CR) mammography. Methods Three different kinds of mammography machines (film-screen, DR and CR) were tested to make sure they were qualified and comparable. Radiographies were taken on Mammo-152 phantom and ACR phantom using filmscreen, DR and CR systems with the same radiation dose. Next, radiographies were taken on two phantoms using DR and CR systems with classic mode or AEC and the radiation dose was recorded. The images were numbered and scored by eight independent experienced radiologists under the same reading condition according to ACR method. Statistics was performed with the randomized complete-block design variance analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of three kinds of mammography methods were compared with Kappa test in clinical cases who had pathologic results. Results The spacial resolution of film-screen system was the highest (7.0-8.0 Lp/mm) and that of CR was the lowest (2.5 Lp/mm). When the radiation dose was increased (27. 0%-30. 0% ), the resolution was improved with DR ( +11. 0% ) but almost no change with CR ( +1.5%). The radiation dose of DR was the lowest on ACR phantom. The delineation of mass was better on film-screen than on CR, but the delineation of fibers and speck was better on CR. When the radiation dose of CR was increased (25. 0% ), the delineation of fibers and speck on CR was similar to that on DR and the delineation of mass was similar to that on film-screen. There was a good correlation between the mammography diagnosis and pathological results (film-screen is 50/56, DR is 83/90 and CR is 61/69,P < 0. 01 and Kappa value > 0. 75) . The diagnostic accuracy of three mammography systems had no statistical difference [film-screen 89. 3% (50/56), DR 92. 2% (83/90) and CR 88. 4% (61/69),Pearson X 2=0. 722 ,P =0. 697]. Conclusion Film/screen system has the highest space resolution and DR has the lowest radiation dose. Three mammography systems have the same diagnostic accuracy for breast disease.

Research in analgesic effect of two intervention methods on the newborns' pain / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To compare the effect of music and music plus non- nutritive sucking interventions on the newboms' pain caused by heel lance. Methods 75 neonates from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) whose gestational age=28 weeks were randomly separated into the music group,the music plus non-nutritive sucking group and the control group. The newboms' crying and grimacing,heart rate (HR), oxygen 9at-uration(SpO2) changes and times of crying 90 seconds after heel lance were observed. Results The cry-ing and grimacing time,the convalescence time of HR and SpO2 in the two intervention groups were significantly shorter than the control group.And the amplitude of HR, SpO2 changes was also significantly smaller than the control group.The crying and grimacing time and the convalescence time of HR and SpO2 in the music plus non-nutritive sucking group were significantly shorter than the music group. Conclusions Music or music plus non-nutritive sucking can ease newboms' pain caused by heellance.Music plus non-nutritive sucking can strengthen the music ther-apy's analgesic effect.

Moxifloxacin vs.Gatifloxacin for Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dis-ease / 中国药房

0.05).CONCLUSION:Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were alike for both have confirmed efficacy and safety for AECOPD and can be used as empirical anti-infective medicine.