ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore whether the action research on the pre-service training evaluation system of "Internet + TCM Nursing" guided by CIPP (context, input, process and product) and Kirkpatrick Model can improve the training effect of nursing staff under the background of internet and TCM nursing service.Methods:Taking 211 nurses of "Internet + TCM Nursing" in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM from 2019 to 2020 as the research objects, action teams were made, and the data were collected and analyzed by various methods. According to the collected data, the action teams constructed the training scheme of "Internet + TCM Nursing", the compilation requirements of "internet + TCM Nursing", the case optimization scheme of "internet + TCM Nursing" process, and the evaluation model of "internet + TCM Nursing". After the training, the nurses' knowledge, skills and related attitudes, the general reaction and feelings to the training programs, and the evaluation of nurses' work performance by the competent leaders, medical staff and clients were compared by comparing their scores and issuing self-made questionnaires. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The results showed that the theoretical scores of nurses after training were (85.16±6.22) points, and the case assessment scores after training [(81.22±7.03) points] were higher than the previous theoretical scores [(61.23±12.90) points] and the case assessment scores [(59.54±14.41) points], with statistical significance ( P<0.001). The results of self-made questionnaire showed that there were significant differences in theoretical knowledge, skills and related attitudes among nurses after training ( P<0.001). In the process of training, there were statistically significant differences in training content, teacher training, training implementation and training guarantee at the end of training ( P<0.001). After training, there were significant differences in the evaluation of nurses' job performance by leaders in charge, medical staff and clients improved in knowledge and skills, professional ethics, working process and learning ability, and the improvement rate ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Action research is an effective research method to continuously improve nursing training. The optimization scheme of "internet + TCM Nursing" nurses based on CIPP and Kirkpatrick Model through action research can effectively improve the training effect.
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Objective To compare the differences in lower limb joint kinematics and muscle activation between Asian squat (AS) and Western squat (WS). Methods Eleven healthy adults were recruited to complete the biomechanical test of AS and WS. The 3D motion analysis system, force plates and surface electromyography (EMG) were used to collect kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation data of the subjects during two squats, and muscle force of the lower limb was also calculated by OpenSim. Results AS showed pelvis forward flexion, while WS showed pelvis backward extension at the time of peak knee flexion angle. Compared with the AS, a significant smaller hip flexion, larger knee flexion, larger hip abduction and hip rotation angles were found in WS at the time of peak knee flexion angle. Compared with AS, a significant greater peak force of soleus was found in WS during descent and ascent phases of squat. Additionally, a smaller peak force of anterior tibia was found in WS than that in AS during descent and ascent phases of the squat. No significant differences were found in other muscle peak force and the time of peak force between AS and WS. Conclusions The combined tibialis anterior activation and proximal joint flexion might be beneficial to stabilization during AS. The soleus muscle activation was significant in WS with heel lifting. The muscle activation pattern of proximal joint was similar between AS and WS. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design of clinical squat rehabilitation programs or the selection of squat training.
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Aim To study absorption characteristics of SM-1 , a novel anti-tumor agent , to provide a research basis for the druggability evaluation of SM-1 and formu-lation design. Methods Caco-2 cell monolayer model and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion rat model were used to study the absorption characteristics of SM-1 , and the absorption of SM-1 in vivo was evaluated through absolute bioavailability study in rats. Results The results of cell monolayer model showed that cu-mulative absorption and efflux of SM-1 increased line-arly with concentration ( 10 ~40 mg · L-1 ) . There were no significant differences in Papp with different concentrations ( P>0. 05 ) . SM-1 was absorbed mainly through passive diffusion. The intestinal perfusion re-sults showed that Ka and Pef of SM-1 had no significant differences ( P > 0. 05 ) , when the concentrations ranged from 25 to 100 mg · L-1 . SM-1 entered the systemic circulation mainly via on passive diffusion, indicating it is a compound with high permeability. The absorption of SM-1 in duodenum was superior to other intestinal segments ( P 0. 05 ) . The absolute bioavailability of SM-1 in rats was 29. 3%. Conclusion The membrane perme-ability of SM-1 is high and it can be absorbed by intes-tine well. The absorption mechanism of SM-1 is pas-sive diffusion, and it possibly escapes from the efflux transporter protein. The absolute bioavailability of SM-1 in rats is low.