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Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens are widely used in the research of avian diseases and vaccines. Vertically transmissible diseases are transmitted to chickens through vertical transmission, seriously affecting their survival rate, increasing production costs, and causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry, while severely impacting the breeding and use of SPF chickens. Therefore, it is crucial for researchers and managers to enhance their understanding of vertically transmissible pathogens in chickens and to develop effective monitoring measures. Quality monitoring is an important part of ensuring the quality of SPF chickens, with pathogen detection being the primary step. Based on this, it is necessary to cultivate qualified SPF chickens through purification methods and biosecurity measures. This paper reviews the major vertically transmissible pathogens in chickens, including viral pathogens, bacterial pathogens and mycoplasmas, as well as their detection methods. This study compares the differences in microbiological testing items and methods for SPF chickens between the U.S. corporate standard and the Chinese national standard. Analysis of the results shows that in both standards, vertically transmissible pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, and avian leukosis are not included in the microbiological testing items for SPF chickens. Instead, these pathogens are characterized by mixed infections, and outbreaks can seriously affect flock health. To produce higher-quality SPF chickens, it is necessary to include these pathogens in the mandatory testing items. The aim of this paper is to help readers understand the relevant standards for microbiological monitoring of SPF chickens, the hazards of vertically transmissible pathogens, and prevention and control strategies, so as to provide a reference for the detection and purification of pathogens in SPF chickens.
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Objective To explore the significance of interleukin-17C(IL-17C)-mediated follicular helper T cell (Tfh) differentiation in atopic dermatitis (AD) model. Methods BALB/c mice were divided into control group, AD model group, low-dose MOR106 (anti-IL-17C huIgG1)(MDR106-L)treatment group and high-dose MOR106 (MOR106-H) treatment group, 8 mice in each group. Except for the control group, all the other groups were treated with 2, 4- dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to establish AD models. The low-dose and high-dose MOR106 groups were treated with 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg MOR106 respectively. The differentiation of Tfh cell subsets in peripheral blood of mice was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) signal pathway protein in skin tissue was detected by Western blot analysis. Results Compared with the control group, the dermatitis severity score, mass difference between two ears, spleen mass and spleen index of DNCB group increased significantly, while those of MOR106-L group and MOR106-H group decreased significantly. Compared with the control group, the Tfh subgroup of AD mice showed deregulated differentiation, resulting in a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+CXCR5+IFN-γ+Tfh1 cells, CD4+CXCR5+IL-17A+Tfh17 and CD4+CXCR5+IL-21+Tfh21 cells, and a significant decrease in the percentage of CD4+CXCR5+IL-10+Tfh10 cells and CD4+CXCR5+FOXP3+Tfr cells in peripheral blood. The protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2) and p-STAT3 were significantly increased. MOR106 effectively reversed these changes of Tfh1, Tfh10, Tfh17, Tfh21 and Tfr cells in peripheral blood of AD mice. Compared with AD group, the levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein in low-dose and high-dose MOR106 treatment groups decreased significantly. Conclusion MOR106 can reduce the inflammatory response of AD mice by blocking JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the differentiation of Tfh cells mediated by IL-17C.
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Animals , Mice , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Interleukin-17 , T Follicular Helper Cells , Janus Kinase 2 , Dinitrochlorobenzene , Inflammation , Cell Differentiation , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the association between digital devices usage and body weight overestimation in children and adolescents aged 7-18, in order to provide a scientific basis for body weight overestimation prevention in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Based on the data of the Research Special Project for Public Welfare Industry of Health using stratified cluster sampling method in 2012, a tatal of 40 073 children and adolescents from 7 provinces with complete information were chosen. Ordinal multivariable Logistic regression model estimated the association between digital devices usage and body weight overestimation.@*Results@#A total of 4 276(11.8%) students with overestimation of body weight were detected, who spent >300 min/d time in digital devices(5.12%) than others (3.84%)( χ 2=19.14, P <0.01). Univariate analysis showed that students with time spent on digital devices >300 min/d had a higher risk in overestimation of body weight ( OR=1.36,95%CI=1.18-1.57,P <0.01) compared with students who spent on digital devices≤120 min/d. There was still a significant association after confounder adjustment ( OR=1.28, 95%CI= 1.10-1.48,P <0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the association between digital devices usage and overestimation of body weight were only observed in girls, 11-18 years old and non single child( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The time usage of digital devices is associated with overestimation of body weight in children and adolescents. It may helpful for children and adolescents to prevent overestimation of body weight by reducing time spent on digital devices.
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Objective:To investigate the tau deposition pattern in Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and its correlation with cognition by 18F-MK6240 PET imaging. Methods:From August 2021 to February 2022, 46 elderly people over 55 years old (16 males, 30 females; age (68.9±7.7) years) were included from outpatient and community in Shanghai. Structural brain MRI, β-amyloid (Aβ) PET imaging, tau-PET imaging and comprehensive neuropsychological tests batteries were conducted. The subjects were divided into AD group ( n=16) and normal cognition (NC) group ( n=30) according to the 2018 National Institute on aging and Alzheimer′s Association (NIA-AA) diagnostic criteria. Quantitative analysis was conducted to investigate the tau deposition pattern in AD after preprocessing 18F-MK6240 PET images with MRI images. SUV ratio (SUVR) of brain regions such as entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, insular lobe, frontal lobe, precuneus, occipital lobe, thalamus and putamen were analyzed, with cerebellum as reference region. The differences of tau deposition in brain regions between AD and NC groups were analyzed by independent-sample t test. The associations between SUVR and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) score were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:AD displayed a significant tau deposition in frontal lobes, temporal lobes and parietal lobes compared with NC. SUVR of brain regions in AD group were higher than those in NC group ( t values: 3.37-9.61, all P<0.05). SUVR in brain regions were negatively correlated with MMSE score ( r values: from -0.735 to -0.350, all P<0.05) and MoCA-B score ( r values: from -0.723 to -0.367, all P<0.05). Conclusion:18F-MK6240 PET can demonstrate the tau deposition in the brain of AD patients, and the tau deposition is related to cognitive function.
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Objective:To explore the β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition pattern of subjects with the preclinical Alzheimer′s disease (AD), community-derived amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and normal cognition (NC) from communities of Shanghai.Methods:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 273 subjects (104 males, 169 females; age (64.2±7.6) years) were recruited from Shanghai community and memory clinics from December 2018 to July 2020. All subjects underwent MRI, 18F-AV45 PET imaging and neuropsychological scale tests and were grouped into AD, aMCI and NC groups based on clinical diagnosis. Differences in demographic information, the neuropsychological scale tests′ scores and positive rate of Aβ deposition among each group were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or χ2 test. Aβ deposition patterns of AD and MCI groups were analyzed at voxel level, and the differences of Aβ deposition among different groups were compared. Results:Among 273 patients, the positive rates of Aβ deposition in AD, aMCI and NC groups were 84.4%(38/45), 36.4%(20/55) and 23.1%(40/173), respectively ( χ2=58.37, P<0.001). Among AD, aMCI, NC and NC (Aβ-) groups ( n=132), the education years of AD group was the lowest ((9.7±4.6) years; F=8.86, P<0.001). In addition, there were significant differences in the scores of several neuropsychological scale tests among AD, aMCI, NC groups and NC (Aβ-) group ( F values: 27.68-235.50, all P<0.001). Compared with subjects in NC(Aβ-) group, the Aβ depositions in the aMCI and AD groups were widely distributed in the whole cerebral cortex; and AD group had higher Aβ deposition in bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobe, cingulate gyrus and precuneus than aMCI group. Conclusions:The positive rate of Aβ deposition in the preclinical AD population from the Shanghai community is obtained. There are significant different Aβ deposition patterns in subjects at different stages of AD.
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Objective:To explore the association of the impaired cognition and the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in normal cognitive (NC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:From December 2018 to January 2021, 305 subjects (113 males, 192 females; age (64.0±7.7) years) who completed neuropsychological tests and MRI in Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and 18F-florbetapir (AV45) PET imaging in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into MCI group and NC group based on neuropsychological tests, and each group was further divided into Aβ-positive and Aβ-negative based on PET imaging results. Independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze the data. Results:There were 118 subjects in MCI group and 187 subjects in NC group. The Aβ-positive rate in MCI group (37.3%, 44/118) was higher than that in NC group (26.2%, 49/187; χ2=4.19, P=0.041). The assessment performances of MCI group in general cognitive function, memory function, language function and executive function were inferior to those of NC group ( t values: from -10.63 to -6.31, z values: from -11.01 to -6.03, all P<0.001). The Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Long Delay Recall (AVLT-LDR) score of Aβ-positive subjects was lower than that of Aβ-negative subjects in MCI group (1.00(0.00, 3.00) and 3.00(1.00, 4.00); z=-2.49, P=0.013). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-B) score of Aβ-positive subjects was lower than that of Aβ-negative subjects in NC group (25.29±2.67 and 26.36±2.42; t=-2.61, P=0.010). Conclusion:Compared to Aβ-negative subjects, MCI patients with Aβ-positive perform worse on memory tests, and NC subjects with Aβ-positive perform worse on general cognitive function.
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Heart specialists team has become one of the core concepts of diagnosis and treatment mode for cardiovascular diseases.Multidisciplinary collaboration has proved its beneficial effects on the diagnosis and treatment strategies, patient selection, follow-up and management of some cardiovascular diseases.At present,it is chiefly seen in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery revascularization and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.During implementation there still exist such problems as lack of awareness,attention and effective operation of the medical staff,and lack of an incentive mechanism, thus incurring controversies over such a model.Therefore further follow-up and improvements are expected in combination with the characteristics of China′s medical institutions.
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The hospital introduced a multi-department synergy in management of the rational use of carbapenems. Specifically,the medical affairs department conducts training and appraisal of doctors along with a monthly checkup of medical records. The pharmaceutical affairs division conducts prior prescriptions checkup and follow-up comment. The clinical microbiology laboratory and the hospital-acquired infection management department monitors and releases such infection and bacterial resistance information of the whole hospital in real time. The results showed increased prescriptions of imipenem and cilastatin sodium, and decreased prescriptions of biapenem for injection. Drug resistance analysis showed that carbapenem resistant strains increased by 28%,but the total number of patients reduced by 10% and total number of patients with multidrug resistance remained unchanged. It is proposed to further antimicrobial stewardship in the hospital to achieve rational drug use and curb bacterial resistance.
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This study was aimed to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five active components in Baihu and Guizhi decoction.Simultaneous determination of mangiferin,neomangiferin,glycyrrhizic acid,liquiritin,and cinnamic acid in Baihu and Guizhi decoction were conducted by HPLC-PDA under multiple UV wavelengths.An Waters xBridge BEH C18 Column (4.6 mm × 250 μm,5 μm) was used.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.01% formic acid solution.The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1.The column temperature was kept at 24℃.The detection wavelength was set at 255 nm and 280 nm.The results showed that the linear range of mangiferin,neomangiferin,glycyrrhizic acid,liquiritin,and cinnamic acid was 66-1 976 μg (r =0.999 3),70-3487 μg (r =0.999 7),30-913 μg (r =0.999 5),35-1 734 μg (r =0.999 5),0.6-187 μg (r =0.999 8) in 70 min,respectively.The average recovery was between 95.29% and 100.17%.It was concluded that the method was convenient,stable,reliable and accurate for simultaneous determination of the five components in Baihu and Guizhi decoction.It provided an evaluation method for the quality control of Baihu and Guizhi decoction and the research o its granules.
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Objective To improve the method of blood collection from external jugular vein in rats,so as to repeatedly obtain blood samples of high quality and to meet the special requirements of the experiment.Methods The experimental rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal anesthesia,and the jugular vein was fully exposed with special fixed method.Whereafter,the blood samples were collected by disposable vacuum blood vessels.Results This method had little traumatic effect.The blood samples were collected from 60 rats at an interval of 14 days with 1.8 to 2.5 mL each time.The success rate was above 95%,and the normal activities of the rats were not apparently affected.This vacuum blood collection method guaranteed the quality of serum,and the veracity of blood detection and analysis were also significantly improved.Conclusion On the basis of the principle of animal welfare,the improved rat jugular vein blood collection method has the advantages of simple operation,less trauma,large blood collection,high blood sample quality aod so on,which can ensure the effect of the special experiment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and mechanism of high dose Vitamin B3 on granulopoiesis in normal rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty one healthy SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the Vitamin B3 group (Vit B3 500 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, × 7 d), the rhG-CSF group (rhG-CSF 25 μg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, × 7 d) and the normal saline group (2 ml/d, × 7 d). The peripheral blood cell counts were analyzed by automatic blood cell counter before (day 0) treatment, the third day (day 3) and the seventh day (day 7) after administration of drugs, respectively. The concentration of serum nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) level was measured by enzymatic cycling assay before and after drugs treatment. The expressions of G-CSF, G-CSFR, SIRT1, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPε and NAMPT mRNA were detected by reverse transcription real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The neutrophil counts increased significantly after 7 days of Vitamin B3 and rhG-CSF treatment compared with that of control group [(1.64 ± 0.19) × 10⁹/L, (1.88 ± 0.37)× 10⁹/L vs (0.86 ± 0.18) × 10⁹/L, P<0.01]; the level of serum NAD⁺ increased significantly [(0.96 ± 0.08) nmol/L, (0.65 ± 0.12) nmol/L vs (0.36 ± 0.15) nmol/L, P<0.01]; the expression of G-CSF, G-CSFR, SIRT1, C/EBPα, C/EBPε and NAMPT mRNA in bone marrow mononuclear cells were increased significantly compared with that of control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High dose of Vitamin B3 may play an important role in increasing absolute neutrophil count in healthy rat under steady state, and the mechanism may be dependent on NAMPT-NAD⁺-SIRT1 signaling pathways.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Bone Marrow Cells , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Leukocyte Count , Neutrophils , Niacinamide , Pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Recombinant ProteinsABSTRACT
Objective: This work aimed to investigate the relationships of the serum levels of IL-17 and TGF-β with the carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the clinical significance of these serum levels. Methods: Data of 30 healthy subjects, 59 patients with simple CRC and 44 CRC patients with postoperative (post-op) metastasis were recruited in this study. The patients were respectively divided into group A (30 healthy subjects as the control group), group B (59 CRC patients without distant metastasis after surgery), and group C (44 CRC patients with post-op metastasis). The patients in each group had a mean age of 53.8 ± 20.8, 62.0 ± 11.8, and 64.0 ± 15.7 years, respectively. All patients were confirmed by pathological diagnosis. The serum levels of IL-17 and TGF-β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. Results: The IL-17 serum level was significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A. The preoperative (pre-op) serum level of IL-17 was significantly higher than the post-op serum level in group B (P0.05). However, the TGF-β serum level in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A and B (P<0.05). No significant correlation was observed in the serum level IL-17 or TGF-β between colon and rectum cancers in groups B and C. Conclusion: The serum level of IL-17 is significantly correlated with that of CRC. The serum level IL-17 increases with the aggravation of CRC and increased tumor burden. A strong correlation exists between the serum level of TGF-β and metastasis of CRC. Cytokine IL-17 and TGF-β may play an important role in the progression and metastasis of CRC.
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Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from nicotinamide. NAMPT is also a cytokine that inhibits the apoptosis of neutrophils under various inlfammatory stimuli, regulates various diseases and closely associates with the progression and prognosis of cancers. However, it is still not clear whether the cytokine-like function of NAMPT is interrelated with the biosynthesis enzyme activity of NAD+. This article aims to provide novel insights for inflammation and cancers treatment by reviewing the function of NAMPT in inflammation, carcinogenesis, cancer progression and its inhibitors, APO866/FK866.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the content of iodide in water and children goiter in the high iodide areas. Methods Pupils aged 8-10 years from 17 primary schools in 10 towns of Huimin county, Yangxin county, Wudi county, Bincheng county were chosen. Based on the contents of water iodide,the pupils were divided into groups, the prevalence of goiter and the content of urinary iodide were determined. Results The prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 was 18.8%,the prevalence showed an increasing tendency. In a certain range, increase of content of iodide in water did not caused an increased prevalence of goiter. There was no association was found between the content of iodide in water and the prevalence of goiter. Conclusion According to the results of the present paper, despite the contents of iodide in drinking water meets the standard of high iodide area, there is still no dose-effect relationship between the prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 years and the content of iodide in water, whereas as the high iodide exposure time prolong, the prevalence of goiter demonstrates an increase tendency.