Role and mechanism of non-coding RNA in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury / 生理学报

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome and an independent risk factor of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. At present, the treatments of AKI are still very limited and the morbidity and mortality of AKI are rising. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are RNAs that are transcribed from the genome, but not translated into proteins. It has been widely reported that ncRNA is involved in AKI caused by ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), drugs and sepsis through different molecular biological mechanisms, such as apoptosis and oxidative stress response. Therefore, ncRNAs are expected to become a new target for clinical prevention and treatment of AKI and a new biomarker for early warning of the occurrence and prognosis of AKI. Here, the role and mechanism of ncRNA in AKI and the research progress of ncRNA as biomarkers are reviewed.

Chemosensitizing effect and mechanism of imperatorin on the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin in tumor cells and transplantation tumor model

Multidrug resistance of tumors has been a severe obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapy. The study wants to investigate the reversal effects of imperatorin (IMP) on doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in K562/DOX leukemia cells, A2780/Taxol cells and in NOD/SCID mice, to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. K562/ DOX and A2780/Taxol cells were treated with various concentrations of DOX and Taol with or without different concentrations of IMP, respectively. K562/DOX xenograft model was used to assess anti-tumor effect of IMP combined with DOX. MTT assay, Rhodamine 123 efflux assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis were determined in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that IMP significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX and Taxol toward corresponding resistance cells. In vivo results illustrated both the tumor volume and tumor weight were significantly decreased after 2-week treatment with IMP combined with DOX compared to the DOX alone group. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses indicated that IMP downregulated the expression of P-gp in K562/DOX xenograft tumors in NOD/SCID mice. We also evaluated glycolysis and glutamine metabolism in K562/DOX cells by measuring glucose consumption and lactate production. The results revealed that IMP could significantly reduce the glucose consumption and lactate production of K562/DOX cells. Furthermore, IMP could also remarkably repress the glutamine consumption, α-KG and ATP production of K562/DOX cells. Thus, IMP may sensitize K562/DOX cells to DOX and enhance the antitumor effect of DOX in K562/DOX xenograft tumors in NOD/SCID mice. IMP may be an adjuvant therapy to mitigate the multidrug resistance in leukemia chemotherapy.

The success rate of His-Purkinje system pacing in patients with various sites of atrioventricular block / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of His-Purkinje system pacing (HPSP) in patients with various sites of atrioventricular block (AVB) and provide clinical evidence for the selection of HPSP in patients with AVB. Methods: This is a retrospective case analysis. 637 patients with AVB who underwent permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation and requiring high proportion of ventricular pacing from March 2016 to September 2021 in the Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were enrolled. The site of AVB was determined by electrophysiological examination. His bundle pacing (HBP) was performed in the first 130 patients (20.4%) who were classified as the HBP group and HPSP included HBP and/or left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) was performed in later 507 patients (79.6%) and these patients were classified as the HPSP group. The basic clinical information such as age and sex of the two groups was compared, and the success rates of HBP or HPSP in patients with different sites of AVB and QRS intervals were analyzed. Results: The age of HBP group was (66.4±15.9) years with 75 males (57.7%). The age of HPSP group was (66.8±13.6) years with 288 (56.8%) males. Among 637 patients, 63.0% (401/637) had atrioventricular node block; 22.9% (146/637) had intra-His block; 14.1% (90/637) had distal or inferior His bundle block. Totally, the success rate of HPSP was higher than that of HBP [93.9% (476/507) vs. 86.9% (113/130), P<0.05]. In each group of patients with various AVB sites, the success rate of HPSP was higher than that of HBP respectively and both success rates of HBP and HPSP showed a declining trend with the distant AVB site. The success rate of HBP in patients with atrioventricular node block and intra-His block was higher than that in patients with distal or inferior His bundle block [95.2% (79/83) vs. 47.1% (8/17), P<0.001; 86.7% (26/30) vs. 47.1% (8/17), P=0.010]. The success rate of HPSP was higher than that of HBP in patients with distal or inferior His bundle block [87.7% (64/73) vs 47.1% (8/17), P=0.001]. In patients with QRS<120 ms, 94.9% (520/548) of AVB sites were in atrioventricular node or intra-His, and HBP had a similar high success rate with HPSP [95.6% (109/114) vs. 96.3% (418/434), P=0.943] in these patients. In patients with QRS ≥ 120 ms, 69.7% (62/89) of AVB sites were at distal or inferior His bundle, and the success rate of HBP was only 25.0% (4/16), while the success rate of HPSP was as high as 79.5% (58/73), P<0.001. Conclusions: In patients with QRS<120 ms and atrioventricular node block or intra-His block, success rates of HBP and HPSP are similarly high and HBP might be considered as the first choice. In patients with QRS ≥ 120 ms and AVB site at distal or inferior His bundle, the success rate of HPSP is higher than that of HBP, suggesting LBBP should be considered as the first-line treatment option.

Feasibility Analysis of EVIDEM Framework in Health Technology Assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） health technology assessment （HTA） provides scientific information and decision-making basis for decision-makers at all levels to choose TCM health technology reasonably. However， it is still in its infancy. In the future， it is necessary to strengthen top-level design， improve cognition and attention， enhance talent training and cooperation， and speed up the development of evaluation criteria in line with the characteristics of TCM， so as to promote the development of HTA in TCM. Therefore， it is imperative to create a method system and tools suitable for TCM HTA. Evidence and value impact on decisionmaking （EVIDEM） framework is developed by EVIDEM collaboration. It combines evidence and value to form a relatively complete decision-making framework system， which can provide methodological support for medical insurance reimbursement， clinical practice decision-making， drug selection and so on. The introduction of EVIDEM framework into the field of TCM has methodological feasibility and practical operability， but it is still necessary to further integrate and optimize the TCM characteristics. On the basis of theoretical research， pilot studies are carried out with Chinese patent medicine as the breakthrough point， forming a preliminary framework and implementation path for the research of TCM HTA， in order to promote healthcare decision-making and achievement transformation.

Impact of vaginal delivery history on anesthesia management of hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia: a cohort study of 99 patients / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the impact of a history of vaginal delivery on anesthesia management of patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia without tracheal intubation.@*METHODS@#Ninety-nine patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia were enrolled in this study, including 43 patients with (VD group) and 56 patients without a history of vaginal delivery (NVD group). For all the patients, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and bispectral index (BIS) were recorded before anesthesia (T1), after anesthesia (T2), after cervical dilation (T3), and at 3 min after cervical dilation (T4). Propofol and etomidate doses during anesthesia induction, the total dose of propofol administered, additional intraoperative bolus dose and times of propofol, intraoperative body movement, total operation time and surgeons' satisfaction feedback scores were compared between the two groups. The postoperative awake time, recovery time, VAS score at 30 min after operation, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were also compared.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant differences in SBP, DBP, HR, SpO2, or BIS between the two groups at T1 and T2, but at T3 and T4, SBP and DBP were significantly higher in NVD group than in VD group (P < 0.01); HR was significantly higher in NVD group only at T3 (P < 0.01). The application of vasoactive drugs did not differ significantly between the two groups. The total dose of propofol, additional intraoperative dose and times of propofol were all greater in NVD group than in VD group (P < 0.01). More body movements of the patients were observed in NVD group (P < 0.01), which also had lower surgeons' satisfaction score for anesthesia (P < 0.01), higher postoperative VAS score (P < 0.05), and shorter postoperative awake time (P < 0.05) and recovery time (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#A history of vaginal delivery has a significant impact on anesthesia management of patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia without tracheal intubation in terms of hemodynamic changes, anesthetic medication, and postoperative recovery quality, suggesting the necessity of individualized anesthesia management for these patients.

Identification of traditional Chinese drugs containing active ingredients for treating myocardial infarction and analysis of their therapeutic mechanisms by network pharmacology and molecular docking / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To identify traditional Chinese drugs that contain active ingredients for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and explore their therapeutic mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.@*METHODS@#The TCMSP database was used for screening the traditional Chinese drugs containing active ingredients for treating MI, and the related targets of MI and the candidate drugs were obtained from Genecards, OMIM, PharmGkb and PharmMapper databases. The common target network of the drug targets and disease targets was established using Venny2.1.0 software. GO and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of the common targets was performed, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for the targets. The targets in the PPI network were analyzed to identify the key targets, for which GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Molecular docking was performed for the candidate ingredients and the key targets, and a total score ≥6 was used as the criteria for screening the therapeutic ingredients and their docking binding with key targets was verified. A human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to validate the candidate ingredients and the key therapeutic targets for MI by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Our analysis identified Salvia miltiorrhiza and Dalbergiae odoriferae as the candidate drugs rich in active ingredients for treatment of MI. These ingredients involved 16 key therapeutic targets for MI, which participated in such biological processes as inflammatory response, angiogenesis, energy metabolism and oxidative stress and the pathways including HIF-1, VEGF, and TNF pathways. Sclareol and PTGS2 in Salvia miltiorrhiza and formononetin and KDR in Dalbergiae odoriferae all had high docking total scores. Western blotting showed that at medium and high doses, sclareol significantly inhibited PTGS2 expression and formononetin promoted KDR expressions in the cell models in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both Salvia miltiorrhiza and Dalbergiae odoriferae have good therapeutic effects on MI. Sclareol in Salvia miltiorrhiza and formononetin in Dalbergiae odoriferae regulate the expressions of KDR and PTGS2, respectively, to modulate the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and energy metabolism and thus produce myocardial protective effects.

Clinical phenotypes and genetic features of epilepsy children with MBD5 gene variants / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the phenotypes of epilepsy in patients with MBD5 gene variants. Methods: A total of 9 epileptic patients, who were treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from July 2016 to September 2021 and detected with MBD5 gene pathogenic variants, were enrolled. The features of clinical manifestations, electroencephalogram (EEG), and neuroimaging were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among 9 patients, 6 were male and 3 were female. Age at seizure onset ranged from 5 to 89 months. Multiple seizure types were observed, including generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) in 7 patients, myoclonic seizures in 5 patients, focal seizures in 5 patients, atypical absence seizures in 3 patients, atonic seizures in 2 patients, myoclonus absence seizures in 1 patient, epileptic spasms in 1 patient, and tonic seizures in 1 patient. There were 8 patients with multiple seizure types, 2 patients with sensitivity to fever and 5 patients with clustering of seizures. Two patients had a history of status epilepticus. All patients had developmental delay before seizure onset. Nine patients had obvious language delay, and 6 patients had autism-like manifestations. Five patients had slow background activity in EEG. Interictal EEG showed abnormal discharges in 9 patients. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal in all patients. A total of 9 epileptic patients carried MBD5 gene variants, all of them were de novo variants. There were MBD5 gene overall heterozygous deletion in 1 patient, large fragment deletions including MBD5 gene in 3 patients and single nucleotide variations (c.300C>A/p.C100X, c.1775delA/p.N592Tfs*29, c.1759C>T/p.Q587X, c.150_151del/p.Lys51Asnfs*6, c.113+1G>C) in 5 patients. The age at last follow-up ranged from 2 years and 9 months to 11 years and 11 months. At the last follow-up, 2 patients were seizure-free for more than 11 months to 4 years 6 months, 7 patients still had seizures. Conclusions: The initial seizure onset in patients with MBD5 gene variants usually occurs in infancy. Most patients have multiple seizure types. The seizures may be fever sensitive and clustered. Developmental delays, language impairments, and autistic behaviors are common. MBD5 gene variants include single nucleotide variations and fragment deletions. Epilepsy associated with MBD5 gene variants is usually refractory.

Mechanisms of Compound Kushen Injection for the treatment of bladder cancer based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology with experimental validation / 中国天然药物

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a Chinese medicinal preparation that has been widely used in the treatment of various types of cancers in the past two decades. However, the pharmacological effect of CKI on bladder cancer is not still completely understood. In the current study, network pharmacology combined with bioinformatics was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism and potential targets of CKI in bladder cancer. The mechanism by which CKI was effective against bladder cancer was further verified in vitro using human bladder cancer cell line T24. Network pharmacology analysis identified 35 active compounds and 268 target genes of CKI. Bioinformatics data indicated 5500 differentially expressed genes associated with bladder cancer. Common genes of CKI and bladder cancer suggested that CKI exerted anti-bladder cancer effects by regulating genes such as MMP-9, JUN, EGFR, and ERK1. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that CKI exerted therapeutic effects on bladder cancer by regulating certain biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell apoptosis. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis implicated pathways related to cancer, bladder cancer, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Consistently, cell experiments indicated that CKI inhibited the proliferation and migration of T24 cells, and induced their apoptosis. Moreover, RT-qPCR and Western blot results demonstrated that CKI was likely to treat bladder cancer by down-regulating the gene and protein expression of MMP-9, JUN, EGFR, and ERK1. CKI inhibited the proliferation and migration, and induced the apoptosis of T24 bladder cancer cells through multiple biological pathways and targets. CKI also exhibited significant effects on the regulation of key genes and proteins associated with bladder cancer. Overall, our findings provide solid evidence and deepen current understanding of the therapeutic effects of CKI for bladder cancer, and further support its clinical use.

Research Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Gastric Cancer and Precancerous Lesion of Gastric Cancer by Regulating Autophagy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system， and precancerous lesion of gastric cancer （PLGC） represents a long-term stage in the process of malignant development of normal gastric mucosa into gastric cancer. Gastric cancer and precancerous lesions are difficult to cure clinically， leaving poor prognosis and a serious negative impact on the quality of daily life of patients. In recent years， studies on cell autophagy have been at the forefront of the natural life science. Regulating autophagy to treat precancerous lesions and prevent gastric cancer has become nowadays a hot topic. Autophagy is a process in which cells enclose some redundant or damaged cytoplasm， proteins and organelles to form autophagosomes， and bind to lysosomes to degrade the contents. Autophagy has bidirectional effect on different cells and different stages of the same cell. Autophagy at a lower level can kill cancer cells， while autophagy can promote the growth and proliferation of cancer cells under stress conditions such as hypoxia， hunger and infection， or when autophagy clears damaged proteins in cells and organelle function is abnormal. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， which has low toxicity and easy acceptance by patients， has a positive effect on the treatment of gastric cancer and PLGC. At present， studies on the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer and PLGC by TCM have been carried out in depth with cell autophagy as the breakthrough point. More and more research results have confirmed that TCM can regulate the autophagy process of gastric cancer cells and play an anti-tumor role by interfering with various autophagy related genes， signal pathways and organelles. This paper summarizes the studies on the regulation of cell autophagy by TCM in the treatment of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions， so as to provide references for future studies on the regulation of autophagy by TCM.

The evaluation of scientific research efficiency in a tertiary hospital based on Data Envelopment Analysis: Application analysis with Slack Based Measure model / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the Scientific Research Efficiency in A Tertiary Hospital, and provide recommendations for further improvement based on evaluation results.Methods:We evaluated the scientific research efficiency of 35 disciplines in a Tertiary Hospital from 2015 to 2017 with Slack Based Measure based Data envelopment analysis(DEA).Results:The average efficiency value from 2015 to 2017 is 0.44-0.65.The efficiency of Scientific Research from high to low was: supportive department, surgery department, internal medicine.There are 13 disciplines (37.14%) which efficiency increases gradually and 7 discipline (20%) which efficiency decreases.9 disciplines are DEA valid (efficiency=1) for at least 2 years and 9 is DEA invalid (efficiency<1) in three years.The average slack variable of researchers is 18.6 while average slack variable of input scientific research fund is 23.38 million RMB.Conclusions:The average efficiency of the tertiary hospital shows a rising trend.However, the efficiency of disciplines varies largely.For DEA invalid disciplines, it is important to improve efficiency by increasing output and improving efficiency of scientific research funding.

Study on the current situation and countermeasures of human genetic resources management in a tertiary hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the current situation of human genetic resources management in a tertiary hospital, and propose improvement suggestions for the management of human genetic resources in tertiary hospitals.Methods:According to the review of laws and regulations of human genetic resources management in China, analyze the current situation, challenges and management suggestions of human genetic resources management in this particular tertiary hospital, and further management suggestions are proposed.Results:Main problems were identified in the tertiary hospital, including the knowledge of researchers needs to be improved, and due to lack of supervision and management on process of human genetic resources projects, the management of investigator initiated clinical trials needs to be further strengthened.Conclusions:The tertiary hospital needs to strengthen the researcher training on the management of human genetic resources, establish the whole-process supervision of human genetic resources project and pay more attention to the management of investigator initiated clinical trials.

Serum lipocalin-2 is a potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Background/Aims@#Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of a key biomarker, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), for the detection of NASH progression. @*Methods@#A mouse NASH model was established using a high-fat diet and a high-sugar drinking water. Gene expression profile of the NASH model was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Moreover, 360 NAFLD patients (steatosis, 83; NASH, 277), 40 healthy individuals, and 87 patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited. @*Results@#Inflammatory infiltration, focal necrosis in the leaflets, steatosis, and fibrosis were documented in the mouse liver. In total, 504 genes were differentially expressed in the livers of NASH mice, and showed significant functional enrichment in the inflammation-related category. Upregulated liver LCN2 was found to be significantly interactive with various interleukins and toll-like receptors. Serum LCN2 levels were significantly increased in NAFLD patients. Serum LCN2 levels were correlated with steatosis, intralobular inflammation, semiquantitative fibrosis score, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. The area under the curve of serum LCN2 was 0.987 with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.5% for NASH diagnosis, and 0.977 with almost the same specificity and sensitivity for steatosis. @*Conclusions@#LCN2 might be involved in the transition from NAFL to NASH by mediating inflammation. Serum LCN2 levels might be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Serum lipocalin-2 is a potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Background/Aims@#Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of a key biomarker, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), for the detection of NASH progression. @*Methods@#A mouse NASH model was established using a high-fat diet and a high-sugar drinking water. Gene expression profile of the NASH model was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Moreover, 360 NAFLD patients (steatosis, 83; NASH, 277), 40 healthy individuals, and 87 patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited. @*Results@#Inflammatory infiltration, focal necrosis in the leaflets, steatosis, and fibrosis were documented in the mouse liver. In total, 504 genes were differentially expressed in the livers of NASH mice, and showed significant functional enrichment in the inflammation-related category. Upregulated liver LCN2 was found to be significantly interactive with various interleukins and toll-like receptors. Serum LCN2 levels were significantly increased in NAFLD patients. Serum LCN2 levels were correlated with steatosis, intralobular inflammation, semiquantitative fibrosis score, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. The area under the curve of serum LCN2 was 0.987 with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.5% for NASH diagnosis, and 0.977 with almost the same specificity and sensitivity for steatosis. @*Conclusions@#LCN2 might be involved in the transition from NAFL to NASH by mediating inflammation. Serum LCN2 levels might be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale in mothers of preschool children / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale (PSOC) in Chinese mothers of preschool children, and to explore the perception of preschool children's mothers on their own parenting skills and their comfort of being a parent in Yanqing District of Beijing.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample in 1 384 preschool children's mothers in Yanqing District of Beijing. SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 software were used for statistical analysis to test the structural validity, criterion related validity, internal consistency and split half reliability of the scale, and to analyze the score of the scale and its influencing factors.@*RESULTS@#The PSOC had good reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed that each item of the PSOC had more than 0.4 factor loading in efficacy factor or satisfaction factor, and there was no double load phenomenon. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings ranged from 0.212 to 0.843 in efficacy factor and satisfaction factor, respectively. The goodness of fit test showed that all the fitting indexes were within the acceptable range, and the correlation between the effectiveness subscale and the satisfaction subscale was high. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale and the satisfaction subscale were 0.872, 0.802, and 0.874, respectively. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of PSOC was 0.851. The average score of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale, and the satisfaction subscale were 72.33±11.31, 35.54±5.91, and 36.79±7.11, respectively, and the score of parenting competence in Chinese mothers of preschool children was influenced by the mother's educational level and the annual income of her family.@*CONCLUSION@#The PSOC has satisfactory reliability and validity in Chinese mothers of preschool children. It can be used as an evaluation instrument for measuring the parenting competency, self perceived efficacy and satisfaction in the mainland Chinese mothers of preschool children. The competency of preschool children's mothers in Yanqing District of Beijing is very good, which may be related to the higher education level of the mothers and the higher annual income of their families in this study.

Effects of SGLT2i on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes complicating hypertension: a meta-analysis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To analyze the effects of different types of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Method: In this meta-analysis, we searched for randomized controlled trials on the effect of SGLT2i on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Three databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, were searched. The search was organized on the concept of 3 conceptual groups: the first group contained terms used to describe SGLT2i, the second group contained terms related to blood pressure, and the third group contained terms used to describe randomized controlled trials. The search time was from the establishment of the database to December 2020. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated in accordance with the requirements of the Cochrane systematic review. According to whether the heterogeneity of the study was significant or not, a random effect model or a fixed effect model were used to conduct the analysis on the impact of different types of SGLT2i on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and day and night blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Further subgroup analysis was performed to define potential factors, which might lead to clinical heterogeneity. Results: Seven clinical trials were finally included. The result of the meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo group, SGLT2i could reduce the 24-hour dynamic systolic blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 4.36 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Reduction was 4.59, 3.74, 5.06, and 3.64 mmHg by canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin respectively; SGLT2i could reduce the 24-hour dynamic diastolic blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 2.20 mmHg, and the reduction was 2.30, 1.22, 2.00, and 2.69 mmHg by canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and ertugliflozin respectively. SGLT2i could reduce the daytime systolic blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 5.25 mmHg, and reduction was 5.38, 4.87, 6.00, and 4.37 mmHg by canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and ertugliflozin, respectively. Simultaneously, SGLT2i could reduce the diastolic blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 2.62 mmHg, and the reduction was 2.56, 2.47, and 2.80 mmHg by canagliflozin, empagliflozin and ertugliflozin, respectively. SGLT2i could reduce the nighttime systolic blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 3.62 mmHg, and the reduction was 2.09, 2.06, 3.92, and 2.45 mmHg by canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and ertugliflozin, respectively. At the same time, SGLT2i could reduce the nighttime diastolic blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by 1.60 and 1.51 mmHg, the reduction was 1.53 and 2.58 mmHg by canagliflozin, empagliflozin and ertugliflozin, respectively. Conclusion: SGLT2i can reduce 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Bioresponsive micro-to-nano albumin-based systems for targeted drug delivery against complex fungal infections

As a typical human pathogenic fungus,

Four new lanostane triterpenoids from latex of Euphorbia resinifera / 中国中药杂志

Four new lanostane triterpenoids, 3β-hydroxy-12α-methoxylanosta-7,9(11),24-triene(1), 3β-hydroxy-12α-methoxy-24-methylene-lanost-7,9(11)-dien(2), 3,7-dioxo-lanosta-8,24-diene(3), and 3,7-dioxo-24-methylene-lanost-8-en(4), were isolated from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera with a variety of chromatography methods. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data and/or comparison with the data reported in previous research. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed moderate inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by RAW264.7, with IC_(50) of 30.4, 37.5, and 28.3 μmol·L~(-1), respectively.

Research progress on mechanism of phytohormones in regulating flavonoid metabolism / 中国中药杂志

Phytohormones play an important role at all stages of plant growth, influencing plant growth and development and regulating plant secondary metabolism, such as the synthesis of flavone, flavonol, anthocyanin, and other flavonoids. Flavonoids, a group of important secondary metabolites ubiquitous in plants, have antioxidative, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities and thus have a wide range of potential applications in Chinese medicine and food nutrition. With the development of biotechnology, phytohormones' regulation on flavonoids has become a research focus in recent years. This study reviewed the research progress on the mechanism of common phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, gibberellin, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid, in regulating flavonoid metabolism, and discussed the molecular mechanism of the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoids, aiming at clarifying the key role of phytohormones in modulating flavonoid metabolism. The result is of guiding significance for improving the content of flavonoids in plants through rational use of phytohormones and of reference value for exploring the mechanism of hormones in regulating flavonoid metabolism.

The development and consideration of a framework for a Chinese elderly health standards system / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To develop a framework for a national system of elderly health standards in response to population aging in China and to meet the need for health service standards for elderly care, thus providing a roadmap for the development of elderly health standards.Methods:Preliminary indicators for a framework of a Chinese elderly health standards system were established by literature review and expert consultations.Using the Delphi method, we invited 23 experts to form a consultation panel.After two rounds of expert consultations, the preliminary framework was updated and the weight of each indicator was calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A framework of the Chinese elderly health standards system was established after two rounds of expert consultations.The expert authority coefficient was 0.847.The framework proposed four primary indicators, including basic health standards, medical service standards, public health standards and social support standards, for the elderly, with a weight of 0.204, 0.346, 0.260 and 0.189 for each indicator.There were 22 secondary indicators, including standardized terminologies, medical services, health education, geriatrics personnel training, etc., for elderly care.Conclusions:Our research has generated a preliminary framework of an elderly health standards system that incorporates China's specific issues, takes into consideration of the needs of various parties and covers many relevant aspects.It will provide the basis for decision-making in the elderly health standardization process in China and safeguard the implementation of the Healthy China strategy.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: a three-generation case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a familial hereditary disease; while it is rare and usually benign, it is also characterized by the slow and progressive development of gingival tissue. This paper reports on the clinical examina-tion and history of HGF in a family of patients.