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Gastric cancer is one of the malignancies with high incidence in the world. Xiangsha Liu Junzitang，a common prescription for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer，has the effects of moving Qi to relieve pain，drying dampness， and invigorating the spleen. It is especially indicated for gastric cancer of the spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome. Based on the databases such as CNKI，Wanfang Data，and PubMed，the clinical efficacy and experimental studies of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer were summarized and sorted out，and the mechanism of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer was elaborated in order to provide useful references for the clinical and basic research on Xiangsha Liu Junzitang in the field of gastric cancer in the future. In clinical practice，Xiangsha Liu Junzitang can treat gastric precancerous lesions，increase the body immunity of patients with gastric cancer，improve the symptoms of spleen and stomach weakness after gastric cancer surgery，and reduce the adverse reactions of the digestive tract after chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Its clinical efficacy is superior to that of western medicine alone whether it is combined with western medicine or used alone. In the experimental research，Xiangsha Liu Junzitang has the effects of regulating inflammatory factors，inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells，promoting the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells，and improving the activity of pepsin. Modern pharmacological research has shown that Xiangsha Liu Junzitang can conduct a comprehensive intervention with multiple components and multiple targets. The main components of a single drug contained include saponins，polysaccharides，lactones，volatile oils，organic acids，and others， with the effects of protecting gastric mucosa，regulating endocrine，and promoting apoptosis of epithelial cells in gastric mucosal dysplasia，reflecting the advantages and values of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Background@#The purpose of this research was to assess the role of heparanase (HPSE)/syndecan1 (SDC1)erve growth factor (NGF) on cancer pain from melanoma. @*Methods@#The influence of HPSE on the biological function of melanoma cells and cancer pain in a mouse model was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze HPSE and SDC1. HPSE, NGF, and SDC1 were detected using western blot. Inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA assay. @*Results@#HPSE promoted melanoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth, as well as cancer pain, while SST0001 treatment reversed the promoting effect of HPSE. HPSE up-regulated NGF, and NGF feedback promoted HPSE. High expression of NGF reversed the inhibitory effect of HPSE down-regulation on melanoma cell phenotype deterioration, including cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. SST0001 down-regulated SDC1 expression. SDC1 reversed the inhibitory effect of SST0001 on cancer pain. @*Conclusions@#The results showed that HPSE promoted melanoma development and cancer pain by interacting with NGF/SDC1. It provides new insights to better understand the role of HPSE in melanoma and also provides a new direction for cancer pain treatment.
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Background and Objectives@#Chronic periodontitis can lead to alveolar bone resorption and eventually tooth loss. Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are appropriate bone regeneration seed cells. To track the survival, migration, and differentiation of the transplanted SHED, we used super paramagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) Molday ION Rhodamine-B (MIRB) to label and monitor the transplanted cells while repairing periodontal bone defects. @*Methods@#and Results: We determined an appropriate dose of MIRB for labeling SHED by examining the growth and osteogenic differentiation of labeled SHED. Finally, SHED was labeled with 25 μg Fe/ml MIRB before being transplanted into rats. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to track SHED survival and migration in vivo due to a low-intensity signal artifact caused by MIRB. HE and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that both MIRB-labeled and unlabeled SHED could promote periodontal bone regeneration. The colocalization of hNUC and MIRB demonstrated that SHED transplanted into rats could survive in vivo. Furthermore, some MIRB-positive cells expressed the osteoblast and osteocyte markers OCN and DMP1, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that SHED could secrete protein factors, such as IGF-1, OCN, ALP, IL-4, VEGF, and bFGF, which promote bone regeneration. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the transplanted SHED was surrounded by a large number of host-derived Runx2- and Col II-positive cells that played important roles in the bone healing process. @*Conclusions@#SHED could promote periodontal bone regeneration in rats, and the survival of SHED could be tracked in vivo by labeling them with MIRB. SHED are likely to promote bone healing through both direct differentiation and paracrine mechanisms.
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Pulmonary hypertension is a rapidly progressing disease of the lung vasculature with poor prognosis, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. The remodeling of small pulmonary arteries represents an important pathological characteristic of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) located in the middle layer of pulmonary artery exhibit hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis, which is the main initiator of pulmonary vascular remodeling and similar to that seen in tumor cells. In this review we focus on the signaling pathways that play a key role in PASMCs proliferation and the latest research progress on inhibitors targeting cell proliferation pathways to provide a new perspective for the treatment of PH．
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of different germplasms of Rehmannia glutinosa based on iridoid glycosides. METHODS The contents of total iridoid glycosides ，catalpol，rehmaionoside D ，rehmaionoside A ，and leonuride in 18 batches of R. glutinosa from 6 germplasms（85-5，JinJiu，BX，BJ-1，Shandong，QH-1）were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. After normalization of the above content determination results ，the quality of different germplasm of R. glutinosa were evaluated by multiple statistical methods such as cluster analysis ，factor comprehensive analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）. RESULTS Among 6 germplasms of R. glutinosa ，the content of total iridoid glycosides in R. glutinosa 85-5 was the highest ，and the content of catalpol in R. glutinosa BX was the highest ；the contents of rehmannioside D and rehmannioside A in R. glutinosa JinJiu were the highest ，and the content of leonuride in R. glutinosa BX was the highest. Cluster analysis showed that R. glutinosa JinJiu were clustered into one category ，R. glutinosa BX clustered into one category ，R. glutinosa Shandong and R. glutinosa BJ-1 were clustered into one category ，and R. glutinosa QH-1 and 85-5 were clustered into one category. Through factor comprehensive analysis ，there were differences in the quality of different germplasms of R. glutinosa . The comprehensive score of R. glutinosa BX，Shandong，85-5，BJ-1，QH-1，JinJiu were 2.283 9，1.689 1，1.664 8， 1.503 3，1.469 0，1.214 6，respectively. PLS-DA showed that variable importance projection value of total iridoid glycosides ， catalpol and leonuride were all higher than 1. CONCLUSIONS The quality difference of R. glutinosa from different germplasms may be caused by total iridoid glycosides ，catalpol and leonuride.
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Objective: To explore the surgical methods and effects of transoral endoscopic resection of benign tumors in parapharyngeal space via medial pterygomandibular raphe approach. Methods: The clinical data of 23 patients who underwent resection of benign tumors in parapharyngeal space by endoscopic medial pterygomandibular raphe approach from January 2016 to July 2020 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively. There were 14 males and 9 females with a median age of 43 years. The tumors were located in the anterior space of the styloid process in 13 cases and in the posterior space in 10 cases. The smallest tumor volume was 7.3 ml and the largest was 80.2 ml. The preoperative imaging features, the characteristics and risks of this approach in the operation were analyzed, and the feasible mode of operation was explored. Results: All patients completed the operation successfully. The intraoperative blood loss was 20 to 50 ml, with an average of 28.3 ml. The operation time was 40 to 110 min, with an average of 75.4 min. The incision length was 2 to 4 cm, with an average of 3.0 cm. The postoperative pain score was 2 to 4, with an average of 3.2. The postoperative hospital stay was 4 to 9 d, with an average of 6.7 d. Postoperative pathological diagnosis included pleomorphic adenoma (n=12), neurilemmoma (n=10) and basal cell adenoma (n=1). The patients were followed up for 6 to 60 months. There was no postoperative complication such as infection or serious bleeding, and there was no tumor recurrence after operation. Conclusion: Endoscopic resection of benign tumor in parapharyngeal space via medial pterygomandibular raphe approach is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of tumors in parapharyngeal space.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Parapharyngeal Space , Pharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Pharynx , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: It is not yet to be clarified whether proximal gastrectomy with double tract anastomosis reconstruction (PG-DT) for gastric cancer increases postoperative complications. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PG-DT for upper gastric cancer. Methods: The Chinese and English literatures about PG-DT and total gastrectomy with Roun-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction (TG-RY) for upper gastric cancer were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, CNKI net, Wanfang database and VIP database. Literature inclusion criteria: (1) prospective or retrospective cohort study of PG-DT and TG-RY for upper gastric cancer published publicly; (2) patients with upper gastric cancer; (3) the enrolled literatures included at least one of the following outcome indicators: operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative feeding time, hospitalization time, number of harvested lymph nodes, postoperative complications, postoperative 1-year albumin, postoperative 1-year hemoglobin and 1-, 3-, 5-year survival after surgery. Literature exclusion criteria: (1) reviews, case reports, conference summaries and other non-control studies; (2) studies published repeatedly, studies with incomplete or unextractable information. The search time ended in February 2021. The basic information and evaluation indicators included in the article were extracted. The retrospective study was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa literature quality evaluation scale. The prospective randomized controlled study was evaluated using Jadad modified scale. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Publication bias was assessed using funnel map. Publication bias was tested using Egger tools. Results: A total of 385 literatures were searched, finally 2 randomized controlled trials and 16 retrospective cohort study were included. There were 1521 patients, including 692 in the PG-DT group and 829 in the TG-RY group. The meta-analysis of the enrolled indicators showed that as compared to TG-RYT group, PG-DT group had less intraoperative blood loss (OR=-54.58, 95%CI: -57.77 to -51.38, P<0.001), shorter postoperative exhaust time (OR=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.29 to -0.13, P<0.001), shorter hospitalization time (OR=-0.98, 95%CI: -1.31 to -0.64, P<0.001), less harvested lymph nodes (OR=-6.07, 95%CI: -7.14 to -4.99, P<0.001), lower morbidity of postoperative complication (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.24 to 0.43,P<0.001), higher level of postoperative 1-year albumin (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.08 to 2.77, P<0.001) and postoperative 1 year hemoglobin (OR=5.07, 95%CI: 2.83 to 7.31, P<0.001). While there were no significant differences in operation time (OR=0.08, 95%CI: -4.24 to 4.39, P=0.97), postoperative feeding time (OR=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.15 to 0.06, P=0.39), 1-year survival after surgery (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 0.69 to 3.75, P=0.27), 3-year survival after surgery (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 0.81 to 2.10, P=0.27) and 5-year survival after surgery (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 0.86 to 2.63, P=0.15) between two groups. Conclusions: PG-DT treatment for upper gastric cancer is safe and feasible. Compared with TG-RY, PG-DT has advantages in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative exhaust time, hospitalization time, morbidity of postoperative complication and postoperative nutritional indicators.
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Anastomosis, Surgical , Gastrectomy , Humans , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective: To summarize changes of serum immunoglobulin levels before and after chemotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), so as to investigate the effects of chemotherapy and rituximab on serum immunoglobulin levels in children with BL. Methods: Clinical data of 223 children with newly diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2009 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. They were treated according to the modified LMB 89 regimen and some of them received combined rituximab therapy during the chemotherapy. The serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgG) before chemotherapy, at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy, as well as 6, 12, 24, 36 months after chemotherapy were collected. Changes of serum IgA, IgM and IgG with time among different treatment groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: According to risk group, 223 children were devided into group B（n=53）and group C（n=170）. Before chemotherapy, 109 cases (48.9%) were combined with hypogammaglobulinemia. The serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels of all the patients were (0.9±0.7), 1.2 (0.5, 1.3) and (7.2±2.9) g/L before chemotherapy, (0.5±0.4), 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) and (6.3±2.3) g/L at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy (t=13.63, Z=-11.99, t=4.57, all P<0.05). There were statistical difference in IgA, IgM levels of group B and IgA, IgM, IgG levels of group C before chemotherapy and at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy (t=8.86, Z=-6.28, t=11.19, Z=-10.15, t=4.50, all P<0.05). The differences of serum IgA and IgG levels at the time after chemotherapy among patients treated with chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy combined rituximab in group B and C were significant (F=5.38, P=0.002 and F=4.22, P=0.007). Conclusions: Approximately half of children with BL have already existed hypogammaglobulinemia at initial diagnosis prior to the start of treatment. The modified LMB 89 regimen have significant effect on humoral immunity of children with BL. In the process of immune reconstruction after chemotherapy, rituximab has more significant effect on serum IgA and IgG levels in BL patients.
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Agammaglobulinemia , Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy , Child , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Retrospective Studies , Rituximab/therapeutic useABSTRACT
To explore the composition and diversity of the intestinal microflora of Leopoldamys edwardsi in Hainan Island. In November 2019, DNA was extracted from fecal samples of 25 adult Leopoldamys edwardsi (14 males and 11 females) in Hainan Island at the Joint Laboratory of tropical infectious diseases of Hainan Medical College and Hong Kong University. Based on the IonS5TMXL sequencing platform, single-end sequencing (Single-End) was used to construct a small fragment library for single-end sequencing. Based on Reads shear filtration and OTUs clustering. The species annotation and abundance analysis of OTUs were carried out by using mothur method and SSUrRNA database, and further conducted α diversity and β diversity analysis. A total of 1481842 high quality sequences, belonging to 14 Phyla, 85 families and 186 Genera, were obtained from 25 intestinal excrement samples of Leopoldamys edwardsi. At the level of phyla classification, the main core biota of the Leopoldamys edwardsi contained Firmicutes (46.04%),Bacteroidetes (25.34%), Proteobacteria (17.09%), Tenericutes (7.38%) and Actinobacteria (1.67%), these five phyla account for 97.52% of all phyla. The ratio of Helicobacter which occupied the largest proportion at the genus level was 12.44%, followed by Lactobacillus (11.39%), Clostridium (6.19%),Mycoplasma (4.23%) and Flavonifractor (3.52%). High throughput sequencing analysis showed that the intestinal flora of Leopoldamys edwardsi in Hainan Island was complex and diverse, which had the significance of further research.
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Adult , Animals , Bacteria/genetics , Feces/microbiology , Female , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Humans , Intestines , Male , Murinae/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and complications of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) and intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) for unilateral advanced retinoblastoma (RB).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From January 2020 to January 2021, 40 patients (40 eyes) unilateral group cT2 RB patients diagnosed at Baoding Children’s Hospital and Beijing Children’s Hospital were recruited in this study. There were 22 males (22 eyes) and 18 females (18 eyes). All were monocular. All the patients were assigned to two groups according to different treatment modalities they received: IVC group and IAC group. There were 26 eyes and 14 eyes, respectively. When the tumor invades the optic nerve, choroid, sclera, anterior chamber and iris, enucleation was performed. The globe salvage rate, tumor extraocular metastasis rate, solid tumor control rate, treatment-related complications and pathological high-risk factors after enucleation were observed. The globe salvage rate and solid tumor control rate were compared between the groups by chi square test.Results:The globe salvage rate of IAC group and IVC group were 88.5% (23/26) and 50.0% (7/14), respectively. Solid tumor control of IAC group and IVC group were 84.6% (22/26) and 42.9% (6/14), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in globe salvage rate and solid tumor control between the two groups ( χ 2=7.18, 7.56; P<0.05). Compared with IVC group, IAC group had less systemic complications, mild ocular and periocular side effects. Among 26 cases in IAC group and 14 cases in IVC group, 3 and 7 cases underwent enucleation respectively. The results of pathological examination showed that there were 2 cases and 3 cases with pathological high-risk factors in the two groups, respectively. During the follow-up period, 2 cases in IAC group had extraocular metastasis, there was no extraocular metastasis in IVC group. Conclusion:Compared with IVC, IAC has the advantages of high tumor control rate, high globe salvage rate, less and mild complications, however, there is still tumor recurrence.
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Objective:To investigate efficacy and safety of topical sirolimus cream in the treatment of superficial vascular malformation in children.Methods:A single-center prospective study was carried out. Children with superficial vascular malformation were enrolled into this study from Vascular Anomalies Clinic, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2019 to September 2020, and treated with 0.1% sirolimus cream. The efficacy was evaluated according to an international four-level classification system through imaging examination, dermoscopy and subjective evaluation, and adverse reactions during the treatment were monitored. Statistical analysis was carried out by t test, univariate analysis of variance or Fisher′s exact test. Results:A total of 19 children with superficial vascular malformations were enrolled, including 12 males and 7 females, aged 1 - 11.5 years. Fourteen children were diagnosed with vascular and lymphatic malformations, 3 with lymphatic malformations, and 2 with venous malformations. Sixteen children presented with lesions on the lower extremities, 8 were accompanied by pain, 2 presented with ulceration, and 6 had previous treatment history. After 6-month treatment, 3 patients achieved improvement of level Ⅰ, 4 of level Ⅱ, 4 of level Ⅲ, and 8 of level Ⅳ; 16 achieved improvement, and 12 achieved marked improvement. Six patients showed significantly decreased length, thickness and width of lesions after 6 months of treatment (1.83 ± 0.84 cm, 1.00 ± 0.55 cm, 2.25 ± 1.25 cm, respectively) compared with those before treatment (2.40 ± 0.95 cm, 1.35 ± 0.61 cm, 2.50 ± 1.34 cm, t = 5.22, 10.25, 3.73, respectively, all P < 0.05) . Gender, age, medical history and pain sensation did not significantly affect the therapeutic effect (all P > 0.05) , while diagnostic classification of vascular malformations significantly affected the therapeutic effect ( P = 0.008) . Among the 19 children, 2 had mild local burning sensation after the treatment. After 1- and 6-month treatment, the blood concentrations of sirolimus were both below 1.0 ng/ml. Conclusion:Topical sirolimus is effective and safe in the treatment of superficial vascular malformation in children.
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Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of Neuroform EZ stent in the treatment of severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS).Methods:A total of 36 patients with severe ICAS receiving Neuroform EZ stent angioplasty were retrospectively analyzed at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from July 2018 to January 2020. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before endovascular intervention confirmed the diagnosis. Follow-up information was reviewed by neurologists at 30 days and 6 months after the procedure. The primary endpoints were transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and death caused by any reason within 30 days.Results:The overall technical success rate was 100%. The median stenosis rate was reduced from 93.6%±4.5% to 18.8%±11.2% ( t=37.36, P<0.001).Primary endpoint event was not reported. During follow-up, one patient developed TIA and no death or ischemic stroke was observed. No in-stent restenosis at six months occurred. Conclusion:Neuroform EZ stent is safe and effective in patients with severe ICAS. However, perspective studies need to be operated for further validation via long-term follow-up.
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Objective:Investigating the distribution of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) and explore abundance-effect in obesity obesity to provide potential dose effect for obesity intervention.Methods:Clinical data of 6 986 subjects including body mass index, waist circumference, and common confounders such as gender, age, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and uric acid were collected from Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project in 2008. 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing data were used to estimate the genus abundance of AKK as well as its operational taxonomic unites (OTUs). Central obesity and overall obesity were diagnosed according to the criteria of China Obesity Working Group in 2002. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the OR (95% CI) of obesity with one-unite elevation of AKK. The dose effect of AKK on obesity was estimated by comparing the trend of ORs from the 1st to the 20th quantile. Results:A total of three AKK OTUs(AKK OTU1, AKK OTU2, AKK OTU3) were identified: AKK OTU1 and AKK OTU2 were distributed in more than 90% of the population, while AKK OTU3 was distributed at 21.7%; All the OTUs showed a"bimodal"distributional pattern and their correlations with common factors were variable. Disparities of the association with obesity were found between the OTUs and the AKK. AKK OTU1, AKK OTU2, and the genus level of AKK showed significant protective effects against obesity; The ORs (95% CI) were 0.95(0.93-0.98), 0.97(0.94-0.99), 0.93(0.91-0.96), respectively for central obesity; And ORs(95% CI) were 0.88(0.80-0.97), 0.98(0.93-1.02), 0.81(0.74-0.89), respectively for overall obesity. The results were similar after adjustment for common confounders. According to the calculation of dose-effect, the protect effects of AKK increased with accumulated abundance and the minimum effective dose on central obesity and overall obesity was 1.83% and 4.98%, respectively. Conclusion:AKK is a protective factor for obesity, but the dose-effect of AKK and the strain-differences should be considered in the future interventional study.
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DNA damage is one of the research hotspots in the field of aging and related diseases, because it can cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, accelerate the body's rate of aging and increase the risk of aging-related diseases.This review will summarize the mechanisms of DNA damage in cells, animal models and individuals and its associations with aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and premature aging syndromes.We aim to provide a theoretical framework for anti-aging research and clinical intervention in the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of early myocardial mechanics changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).Method:Sixty healthy 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the T2DM group ( n=30) and the control group ( n=30). The T2DM group was fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks, and accepted injection of a single high-dose of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. Finally, the model was established successfully in 23 mice. The control group was fed with a normal diet and treated with citrate buffer liquid at an equal dose as T2DM group. Then, nine mice were randomly selected from each of the two groups every 4 weeks until the end of the 24th week. Six of the nine mice were randomly selected to perform 7.0 T MR scanning after measuring blood glucose and body weight. Cine images were acquired through cardiovascular MR feature tracking (CMR-FT). The obtained parameters included the left ventricle global peak circumferential strain (LV-GPCS), left ventricle global peak radial strain(GPRS) and the ejection fraction (EF), etc. The rest three mice were sacrificed for observation of the changes of interstitial fibers and micro-vessels in myocardial tissue with Sirius red staining. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t test were used for comparison. Results:There were significant differences in blood glucose levels between the two groups during the observation period ( P<0.05). In the 4 th-24 th week, the value of GPCS in T2DM group showed a downward trend, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 8.23, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the value of GPCS in T2DM group was statistically significant at the 20 th and 24 th week (the 20 th week: -11.4%±2.1% in the T2DM group vs. -14.3%±1.9% in the control group, t=2.54, P=0.029;the 24 th week: -12.3%±1.7% in the T2DM group vs. -14.6%±1.8% in the control group, t=2.35 , P=0.040), while the EF value was different at the 24 th week (51%±5% in the T2DM group vs. 62%±6% in the control group, t=3.38, P=0.007). There was no significant difference in the GPRS of the T2DM mice group over time or compared with the controls ( P>0.05). Moreover, the pathological results showed that the myocardial interstitial fibers in the T2DM group had remarkably increased since the 12 th week. Conclusions:The alterations in myocardial interstitial fibers and myocardial contractility appeared early in T2DM mice. Especially, the left ventricle global peak circumferential strain value is superior to the EF value in reflecting the early changes in DCM.
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As a traditional Chinese medicinal material， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has been extensively used in various formulae. According to modern pharmacological research， it has anti-tumor， anti-inflammatory， anti-viral， liver-protecting， anti-heart failure， immunoregulatory， and anti-fibrosis effects. Caused by the interaction of various factors， cancer features complex pathogenesis. It is a global challenge and one of the main causes of death in China. Statistics show that the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors have been on the rise， particularly for the young， which threaten the health of human beings. At the moment， radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main countermeasures. Most clinical anti-tumor drugs demonstrate non-selective toxicity. To be specific， they damage normal cells while killing tumor cells， thus injuring vital organs. In addition， long-term medication will reduce the sensitivity of tumor cells. However， traditional Chinese medicine， which is characterized by treatment based on syndrome differentiation， multiple components， and multiple targets， is superior in the treatment of tumor. Studies have shown that the combination of anti-tumor drugs with Chinese medicine can not only enhance the anti-tumor effect but also alleviate toxicity. Therefore， it has been a research hotspot to develop anti-tumor drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years， major headway has been made in the research on active ingreddients of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in anti-liver cancer， anti-breast cancer， anti-lung cancer， and anti-colon cancer and the combination with other drugs for anti-tumor. On this basis， we summarized the mechanisms of active ingredients of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in inducing apoptosis， interfering with cell cycle， inducing autophagy， inhibiting glycolysis， regulating immunity， and modulating miRNA and signaling pathways， as well as the combination with other drugs in anti-tumor efficiency， toxicity reduction， and sensitivity enhancement， hoping to lay a theoretical basis for the further development and clinical application of active ingredients of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
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The morbidity and mortality of cancer have been on the rise， making it atop the list of human health threats. It has been a conundrum of global magnitude. As the side effects of chemotherapeutics seriously affect the life quality of cancer patients， it is urgent to find effective anti-cancer drugs with small toxic and side effects. In recent years， the anti-cancer effects of traditional Chinese medicine have attracted the interest of scholars. Owing to the improvement of medical research， an increasing number of anti-cancer components with small toxic and side effects have been extracted from traditional Chinese medicine. Rutin， a unique flavonoid in Chinese medicinals and many plants， proves to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer， colon cancer， lung cancer， and prostate cancer cells. In addition， rutin alone or in combination with other therapeutic drugs can regulate a variety of signaling pathways and signal mediators of inflammation， apoptosis， autophagy， and angiogenesis， thereby suppressing tumor progression. Moreover， it can also alleviate the drug resistance of tumors and the side effect of chemotherapeutics. Nevertheless， it is limited by the low bioavailability and low solubility， to which nano delivery system turns to be a solution. At the moment， the anti-cancer potential of rutin and the molecular targets of it against various cancers have not been summarized and comprehensively analyzed. Therefore， the authors retrieved articles on the anti-cancer effects of rutin in recent years， summed up the mechanisms and molecular targets， and discussed relevant drug delivery systems and the safety， aiming at laying a theoretical foundation for further development and application of the flavonoid.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）， a common disease in urology and andrology， is mainly manifested as enlarged prostate glands， bladder outlet obstruction， and lower urinary tract symptoms（LUTS）， which seriously affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly men. This disease falls into the categories of "retention of urine" and "prostatic hypertrophy" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In recent years，many doctors have put forward their understandings of BPH based on academic classics and their clinical experience. Clinical research on the treatment of BPH with TCM has become increasingly abundant. The basic pathogenesis of BPH lies in the disturbance of Qi transformation in the bladder and poor blood circulation due to kidney Qi deficiency in the aged. The disease is located in the kidney and the bladder and is related to the dysfunction of the lung and the kidney. It is basically characterized by deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. A large number of clinical research reports have proved that TCM is efficient in alleviating the clinical symptoms of BPH patients， improving their quality of life， reducing the volume of the prostate， and decreasing postoperative complications. In addition， the external treatment methods of TCM， such as acupuncture therapy， moxibustion， hot water bathing， acupoint application， anal suppository， and enema therapy， are also widely used in clinical practice， demonstrating the diverse ways of TCM in treating BPH. TCM and western medicine complement each other's advantages in the treatment of BPH， thus enhancing the clinical efficacy and reducing the occurrence of long-term complications. This study reviewed the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment progress of BPH with TCM in recent years， and summarized the current research status. From three aspects of producing high-quality clinical research， standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TCM， and combining cutting-edge research to explore the mechanism of TCM， it provided suggestions for clinical research on the treatment of BPH with TCM to promote the development and application of TCM in the treatment of this disease.
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As intelligent production of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been inevitable， informatization and automation of the production process have become the precondition for realizing intelligent manufacturing of TCM， of which the accumulation of critical material attribute and the critical quality attribute are the basis. The study of material properties is of great significance to achieve the quality control of the final product in the process， but there is a lack of systematic induction and summary of the research on the attribute of TCM pills. Therefore， the authors analyzed and summarized the attributes of raw materials， excipients and intermediates in the pill unit process according to the classification of powder properties， rheological properties and texture properties. What’s more， the impact of material attributes on the quality of the final product was summarized. Besides， this review summarized the attribute characterization techniques involved in the pill process and provided some suggestions for the characterization of product quality attributes. Finally， based on the concept of quality by design （QbD）， the authors proposed that the study of material attribute should be combined with process analytical technology （PAT）， and the focus of drug quality control should be moved forward to guide equipment upgrading， so as to realize intelligent continuous manufacturing of TCM pills.
ABSTRACT
The occurrence and development of malignant tumors seriously affect the survival time and quality of life of people all over the world， and finding proper treatment methods has been a focus for doctors. Especially in recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has developed and attracted the attention of doctors and patients. From the perspective of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， deficiency and stasis are the most fundamental causes of malignant tumors， and supplementing deficiency and removing stasis can be regarded as the basic criteria of TCM treatment of malignant tumors. TCM prescriptions can treat diseases by means of multiple components and multiple targets， with the characteristics of slight side effect and high efficacy， safety and cost performance， as well as easiness to be accepted and taken. As a classic recipe for invigorating Qi and generating blood， Danggui Buxuetang consists of Astragali Radix -Angelicae Sinensis Radix 5∶1. It has excellent effects in anti-tumor， bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy， immune function decline， anemia， heart and cerebral vessels protection， blood deficiency-led fever， diabetes， anti-atherosclerosis， anti-fatigue， anti-radiation， myocardial ischemia alleviation， inhibition of platelet aggregation， liver damage， etc. In addition， with many active anti-tumor ingredients， Danggui Buxuetang can exert anti-tumor effects via acting on multiple targets in different binding sites. However， there has been a lack of reviews on the role of Danggui Buxuetang in malignant tumors so far. Therefore， in this paper， the functions of Danggui Buxuetang in malignant tumors were reviewed. Besides， molecular docking technology was used to analyze the main active anti-tumor ingredients and action targets of Danggui Buxuetang.