Application of single-cell RNA-sequencing in age-related macular degeneration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is the most common eye disease that can cause irreversible loss of central vision in the elderly population. Since the complexity of the pathogenesis in ARMD, the underlying mechanism remains uncovered,and treatment limited. Conventional bulk transcriptome sequencing strategies can only provide the average gene profile in the dominant cells, while single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)is able to reveal the mRNA transcriptome at a single-cell level. The ScRNA-seq has been applied to discover novel cell subtypes, reveal intercellular heterogeneity, and unveil the process of cell differentiation.In this paper, we reviewed the technical principle of scRNA-seq and its application in retinal,choroid development and ARMD research, raised the defection of scRNA-seq and trended in emerging technologies,provided the new insights and perspectives for the in-depth study of retinal and choroid physiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of ARMD diseases. It is hoped to provide theoretical foundation for the targeted therapy of ARMD.

Meniscus repair with simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Clinical outcomes, failure rates and subsequent processing / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To retrospectively analyze the clinical outcomes of meniscus repair with simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and explore the causes of failure of meniscus repair.@*METHODS@#From May 2013 to July 2018, the clinical data of 165 patients who were treated with meniscus surgery and simultaneous ACL reconstruction, including 69 cases of meniscus repair (repair group) and 96 cases of partial meniscectomy (partial meniscectomy group) were retrospectively analyzed. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) ACL rupture associated with fracture, collateral ligament injury, or complex ligament injury; (2) a history of knee surgery; or (3) a significant degree of osteoarthritis. The 69 patients in the repair group were divided into the non-failure group (62 cases) and the failure group (7 cases) depending on the repair effect. Postoperative outcomes of the repair group and the partial meniscectomy group were compared. General conditions and postoperative outcomes of the failure group and the non-failure group were compared. During the median follow-up period of 28 months (range, 4 - 65 months) after the second arthroscopy, postoperative outcomes of seven patients in the failure group were summarized. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#Seven patients in the failure group who underwent the second arthroscopy were followed up for (30 ± 17.4) months and their postoperative outcomes were summarized. Compared with the partial meniscectomy group, the International Knee Documentation Committee scores of patients in the repair group improved significantly (p = 0.031). Compared with the non-failure group, more patients in the failure group were younger than 24 years (p = 0.030). The median follow-up period was 39.5 months. All patients recovered well after subsequent partial meniscectomy and relieved clinical symptoms. Visual analog scale scores decreased significantly (p = 0.026), and the International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores improved significantly (p = 0.046 for both).@*CONCLUSION@#The failure rate of meniscus repair in this study was 10.1% (7/69), all of which were medial meniscus tears. However, the surgical outcomes of ACL reconstruction were not affected, and there might be a role for graft protection. Therefore, meniscus retears can be successful treated by performing subsequent partial meniscectomy in patients with repair failure.

Overexpression of mitofusion 2 inhibits acute respiratory distress syndrome pulmonary fibrosis and its mechanism / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of overexpression of mitofusion 2 (Mfn2) protein on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pulmonary fibrosis and its mechanism.Methods:Human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELF) were cultured in vitro, and digested and passaged when the adherent rate of HELF reached 80%, and then the cells in good condition were selected for experiment. The ARDS cell model was reproduced by 5 mg/L of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, LPS group); 75 mol/L adenovirus vector carrying mitofusion 2 (Adv-Mfn2) was transfected into HELF (Adv-Mfn2+LPS group); at the same time, blank control group (complete medium culture) and Adv-vector+LPS group were set as controls. The cell proliferation was observed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) method at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. After Hoechst 33342 staining, the morphological changes were observed under confocal microscope. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and caspase-3. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the gene expressions of Bcl-2 and caspase-3. Results:After LPS stimulation for 12-48 hours, the cell proliferation rates in the LPS group increased gradually, which were significantly higher than those in the blank control group [12 hours: (10.75±1.51)% vs. (0.73±1.22)%, 24 hours: (20.09±1.71)% vs. (1.15±1.12)%, 36 hours: (20.58±1.55)% vs. (1.20±1.12)%, 48 hours: (21.30±1.51)% vs. (1.23±1.10)%, all P < 0.01]. There was no statistically significant difference in the cell proliferation rate between the LPS group and the Adv-vector+LPS group. After overexpression of Mfn2, the cell proliferation rates at 12, 24, 36, 48 hours in the Adv-Mfn2+LPS group were (8.93±1.14)%, (10.52±1.24)%, (10.72±1.30)%, and (10.91±1.20)%, which were significantly lower than those in the LPS group (all P < 0.05). Confocal microscopy showed that some cells in the blank control group had nuclei of different sizes, and some nuclei fragmented or shrank to form apoptotic bodies. The nuclei of the cells in the LPS and Adv-vector+LPS groups were round or oval in size, and only a few apoptotic cells appeared. When Mfn2 was overexpressed, there were more apoptotic cells in the visual field in the Adv-Mfn2+LPS group than LPS group. Western blotting and RT-qPCR results showed that Bcl-2 expressions increased significantly after LPS stimulation in the LPS group as compared with the blank control group [Bcl-2 protein (Bcl-2/GAPDH): 0.68±0.01 vs. 0.29±0.01, Bcl-2 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 2.23±0.34 vs. 1.00±0.00, both P < 0.01], and caspase-3 expressions decreased significantly [caspase-3 protein (caspase-3/GAPDH): 0.37±0.02 vs. 0.66±0.02, caspase-3 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 0.31±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.00, both P < 0.01]. Compared with LPS group, the expressions of Bcl-2 after overexpression of Mfn2 in the Adv-Mfn2+LPS group were down-regulated [Bcl-2 protein (Bcl-2/GAPDH): 0.46±0.01 vs. 0.68±0.01, Bcl-2 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 1.45±0.14 vs. 2.23±0.34, both P < 0.01], and the expressions of caspase-3 were up-regulated [caspase-3 protein (caspase-3/GAPDH): 0.54±0.02 vs. 0.37±0.02, caspase-3 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 0.88±0.10 vs. 0.31±0.05, both P < 0.01]. Conclusion:Mfn2 protein is involved in ARDS pulmonary fibrosis, which may be related to mitochondrial mediated inhibition of cell proliferation.

Recent advances in role of monocyte-macrophage in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) constitues a group of autoimmune diseases with poor prognosis. Inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis of the small vessels are the pathological features of the disease, and many organs and systems can be involved. Monocyte-macrophages are important to innate immune system. Monocyte-macrophage can respond rapidly to inflammation and participate in the progression of AAV. Recently, the role of monocyte-macrophage in AAV has been studied with great detail. This article reviews recent research progress of monocyte-macrophage in AAV so as to further understand the disease.

Surgical technique and mid-and-long curative effect analysis of primary repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To examine the surgical method and clinical outcome of primary repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture.@*Methods@#From March 2012 to August 2017, clinical data of 35 consecutive patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture who were treated with primary repair by the same group of doctors at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 29 males and 6 females with age of (41.0±9.3)years(range:29-65 years). All the patients had unilateral tendon rupture with 22 cases on the left and 13 cases on the right. The preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Score(AOFAS), the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles(VISA-A), the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score(ATRS) and the Tegner Activity Score of patients were collected and compared by paired-t test.@*Results@#The patients were followed up for (45.6±17.2) months (range:17-28 months).No serious postoperative complications such as infection or nerve damage and rerupture outcomes were reported. At the last follow-up,the VAS decreased from 1.0(2.0) (M(QR) preoperative to 0.0(0.8)(Z=-3.586, P=0.00), AOFAS increased from 64.3±12.5 to 97.0±5.0(t=-14.359, P=0.00), VISA-A increased from 51.3±9.8 to 87.8±18.0(t=-17.656, P=0.00), Tegner increased from 0.9±0.3 to 4.6±1.7(t=-12.524, P=0.00) and ATRS increased from 40.0±3.5 to 97.9±3.9(t=-64.133, P=0.00). Twenty-eight patients (80.0%) had returned to their preinjury activity levels, and 7 patients (20.0%) no longer participate in recreational sports. According to Arner-Lindholm curative effect evaluation criteria, 32 cases(91.4%) gained the excellent results, 1 case (2.9%) of good and 2 cases(5.7%) bad, and the percentage of the cases with the excellent or good results was 94.3%.All except 2 patients with bad results could perform a single-limb heel rise painlessly.@*Conclusions@#Primary repair is an efficient approach for chronic Achilles tendon rupture.The mid-and-long curative effect is satisfactory and stable. Compared with other surgical techniques, operation is relatively simple and economical.The primary repair is considerably safe, with few serious complications such as infection or nerve damage and reruptures.

Effect of Porogen Solubility Parameter on Structure of Chromatographic Supports with Large Pores / 分析化学

The macroporous microspheres were prepared through suspension polymerization and based on a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.The effect of porogen on the microspheres structure was evaluated in terms of pore size and surface area.Porogen contained dichloromethane (δ=9.7 (cal/cm3)1/2) and N-octanol (δ=10.3 (cal/cm3)1/2) which corresponded to a good and poor solvent,respectively.The solubility parameter of porogen was controlled in the range of 9.89-10.09 (cal/cm3)1/2.The pore size of microspheres increased with the difference value of solubility parameter between the polymer and the porogen.On the contrary,the surface area of microspheres decreased in this study.The anion exchange media was prepared through coupling poly(ethylene imine) in the microspheres,and the proteins transport was determined by frontal analysis method.The macroporous microspheres with 257 nm pore size could still afford a high proteins capacity (45.1 mg/mL).These macroporous supports showed a large potential in a rapid separation of proteins.

Preparation and Characterization of Celecoxib-loaded Micelles / 中国药师

Objective: To prepare celecoxib-loaded micelles with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether-polylactic acid ( mPEG-PLA) block copolymer as the carrier material and evaluate the physical and chemical properties .Methods:Celecoxib-loaded micelles were prepared by a film dispersion method .The micelle formula and preparation process were screened by single factor experiment and further optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method .The physical and chemical properties of celecoxib-loaded micelles such as microscopic morphology , particle size distribution and zeta potential were evaluated .The in vitro drug release of celecoxib-loaded mi-celles was investigated by dynamic membrane dialysis .Results:Celecoxib-loaded micelles prepared according to the optimized formula showed the following properties:the particle size distribution was (35.6 ±15.1) nm, PdI was (0.152 ±0.05), and the zeta potential was (-24.6 ±2.9) mV.In 0.5％SDS phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.8), the in vitro cumulative release of celecoxib-loaded mi-celles reached up to 81 .5％in 24 h.Conclusion:It is simple and feasible to prepare celecoxib-loaded micelles by the thin film dis-persion method .

Non-hypoglycemic effect of metformin in renal protection:a literature review / 中国药理学通报

The effectiveness,safety and economy of metformin on type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy are well recognized, which has been used as the first-line oral hypoglycemic agent in recent dec-ades. Apart from hypoglycemic effect, recent studies show that metformin can exert renal protection via the mechanisms of auto-phagy induction, anti-senescence, antioxidative stress, against endoplasmic reticulum stress,anti-inflammation, and anti-fibro-sis through AMPK dependent or independent pathway, which prompt its therapeutic potential in acute kidney injury and chron-ic kidney disease. The non-hypoglycemic nephroprotective effects as well as their underlying mechanisms of metformin are summarized in this review.

Establishment of a mouse model of chronic renal insufficiency induced by repeated administration of cisplatin / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To observe the changes of renal tubular injury and the extent of interstitial fibrosis in the C57BL/6 mouse models of chronic kidney disease(CKD),and provide experimental animal evidence for study of the pro-gression of acute kidney injury(AKI)to chronic kidney disease as well as its mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into control group, low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose cisplatin groups,6 mice in each group. Mice in the cisplatin groups were administrated with 5,7 or 10 mg/kg cispla-tin by intraperitoneal injection once a week for 4 weeks. Plasma creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein were detected to as-sess the renal function. The mice were sacrificed, and plasma and kidney samples were collected for subsequent tests. Pathological changes were observed using periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining. To evaluate renal tubules injury, the ex-pression of kidney injury molecule 1(KIM-1)was examined by immunohistochemistry and the level of urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase was detected with a commercial kit. The infiltration of CD3-positive T cells and F4/80-positive macro-phages was observed by immunohistochemistry(IHC)and immunofluorescence. The expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were tested by immunohistochemistry to assess the renal fibrosis, while total kidney collagen was detected by Picrosirius red staining. Results In contrast to the normal control group,the kidney injury became more seri-ous in the cisplatin-treated mice as cisplatin concentration increased. Particularly,significant kidney damage was observed in the high-dose cisplatin group. Compared with the control group,the plasma creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein were significantly increased in the high-dose cisplatin group(P<0.05 and P<0.001)indicating impaired renal function. Mor-phologically,numerous clear vacuoles and necrosis were present in renal tubule epithelial cells in the high-dose cisplatin group. The expression of KIM-1 was markedly up-regulated and the level of urinary NAG was elevated. Infiltration of CD3-positive T cells and F4/80-positive macrophages was enhanced in the mice of high-dose cisplatin group. Data from immuno-histochemistry and picrosirius red staining showed that mice of the high-dose cisplatin group developed renal fibrosis evi-denced by markedly up-regulated expression of collagen I and α-SMA. Conclusions Repeated administration of 10 mg /kg cisplatin for 4 weeks can induce chronic renal insufficiency in mice,which may serve as a novel model for the research on underlying mechanisms of progression from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.

Role of T cells in acute kidney injury / 中国免疫学杂志

Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to the clinical syndrome of rapid loss of renal function caused by various causes.AKI increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the mortality of patients.The increase in the rate has caused a great economic burden on the family and society.The pathogenesis of mediating AKI is numerous,and it is currently believed that innate and adaptive immune-mediated inflammatory reactions are involved in the initiation,progression and repair stage of AKI.T lymphocytes play a key role in it.This article will review the progress of the role of T cells in AKI.

Research progress of role of NLRP3 inflammasome in lupus nephritis / 中国免疫学杂志

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)is an autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is extremely complicated.With the further research,the role of inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Lupus nephritis has also been gradually emphasized.Among them,the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most exhaustive inflammasome.We summarize the related studies on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in Lupus nephritis in recent years.We found that NLRP3 inflammasome not only plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Lupus nephritis,but also participates in the process of kidney injury by circulating immune cells and renal innate cells.Finally,we introduced two specific inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome,β-hydroxybutyrate and MCC950,which provided a new strategy for the treatment of Lupus nephritis.

Advance in Model Establishment for Denervated Skeletal Muscle Atrophy (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

The skeletal muscle atrophy could be induced by the injury of nerve. According to the source of denervated skeletal mus-cle atrophy, it could be divided into exogenous muscle atrophy and endogenous muscle atrophy. In recent years, the ex-ogenous muscle atrophy models are mainly established by operating, physically injuring or chemically injuring, while the endogenous muscle atrophy models are mainly established by the transgenic animals of amyotrophic lateral sclero-sis. The selection and optimazation of animal models are crucial for the basic studies of denervated skeletal muscle atro-phy.

Design of image diagnostic module for tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Object To develop an easy-assembled and-disassembled image diagnostic module to solve the problems of the tent-form field medical system in size, weight, mobility, accessories, protection and etc, which is of high references for combination and integration scheme of large-scale digital imaging equipment by adopting box instrumentation.Methods The module had its design executed with system modeling, structure simulation and CAD after its service requirements were analyzed. The design fell into the ones for overall framework, combination mode, packaging and buffer vibration isolation, ergonomics, box instrumentation, radiography accessories for vertical and horizontal positions, protection device and etc.Results The module was gifted with radiodiagnosis-related performances such as digital radiography, digital diagnosis,diagnosis reporting, compatibility to vertical- and horizontal- position radiography, and radiation protection during war conditions.Conclusion The module developed gains advantages in power, continuous radiography, assembling and disassembling, accessories and protection, and thus meets the requirements of the tent-form field medical system in mass casualties imaging diagnosis.

Biometric identification technology and its application in military field / 医疗卫生装备

The concept of biometric identification technology (BIT)was described,and several typical BITs were introduced such as identification technologies for hand, face, physiological features and behavioral trait. The application of BIT was analyzed in military field of foreign countries and China.It's pointed out BIT's future involved in bioassay,integration with wireless video identification technique and etc,comprehensive identification technique with high throughput,high precision and multi mechanism as well as enhanced safety.

Effect of acetabular defect on hip stress in adults: three-dimensional finite element analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Acetabular defect is one of the typical characteristics of adult developmental dysplasia of the hip. The acetabular defect caused an insufficient coverage to the femoral head, which means the contact area between them decreased and the pressure increased. Stress concentration could quicken hip wear and lead to arthritis or dislocation of the hip. Till now, there is no accepted objective criterion about what degree defect could lead to biomechanics changes in the hip. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of different degrees of acetabular defect on the stress distribution of hip joint by using three-dimensional finite element method, and provide theoretical guidance for clinical treatment of hip dysplasia. METHODS: CT thin layer scanning data of normal adult hip were selected. Hip dysplasia models with varying degrees of bone defect were built by using Mimics15.0 and Hypermesh software. Von Mises stress distribution on the subchondral bone of the hip was analyzed by using Ansys10.0 software in the case of single foot touchdown. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Each model result was consistent with the actual situation. The maximum Von Mises stress value appeared at the top of the acetabulum dome and medial posterior femoral neck. When simulating one leg standing, the smaller the CE angle, the greater the maximum Von Mises stress on femoral head was; and acetabulum increased from 2.768 MPa and 3.029 MPa with 30° CE angle to 11.075 MPa and 15.322 MPa with 5° CE angle. This change was more obvious when CE angle was less than 15°. These findings confirmed that acetabular defect increases the peak stress of the hip joint, and the greater the defect, the greater the stress was. It is suggested that clinical intervention should be done as early as possible in patients with acetabular defect.

Expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in mandibular ramus osteotomy healing with administration of different doses of parathyroid hormone / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the bone healing of mandibular ramus osteotomy.@*Methods@#The mandibular ramus osteotomy model was established in sixty rabbits and these rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group A, experimental group B and control group. In the experimental group A and experimental group B, the rabbits were given PTH (20 and 40 μg/kg respectively) every other day after operation. In the control group, 1 ml saline was given. The animals were sacrificed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks postoperatively. The new bone formation was observed by histology and cone bone CT. The expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL) in the new bone was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.@*Results@#The experimental groups has better osteogenesis and the bone mineral density than the control group in osteotomy area. The experimental group B showed the best osteogenesis.Osteoprotegerin mRNA expression in experimental group A (1.127±0.035, 1.742±0.049, 1.049±0.062, 1.063±0.036) was significantly higher than that in the control group in each period (0.965±0.082, 1.254±0.071, 0.793±0.061, 0.684±0.055) (P=0.010, P=0.000, P=0.001, P=0.020), while group B (1.416±0.205, 2.648±0.168, 1.652±0.091, 1.712±0.070) was significantly higher than group A (P=0.000, P=0.010, P=0.023, P=0.003). RANKL mRNA expression in control group (1.666±0.086, 1.058±0.105, 0.885±0.124, 0.972±0.136) was significantly higher than that of the group A (0.788±0.036, 0.585±0.017, 0.692±0.017, 0.527±0.051) (P=0.001, P=0.006, P=0.003, P=0.028) in each period, while group A was significantly higher than group B(0.247±0.022, 0.240±0.034, 0.134±0.011, 0.103±0.050) (P=0.000, P=0.001, P=0.002, P=0.012).@*Conclusions@#PTH can upregulate the expression of osteoprotegerin and reduce expression of RANKL, thus promoting new bone formation. Intermittent administration of high dose of parathyroid hormone can further promote the healing process after mandibular ramus osteotomy.

Correlation study between small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol and its ratio to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and acute coronary syndrome / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the predictive effects of small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) level and sdLDL-C/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio on the occurrence in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Two hundred and sixty-eight patients with acute chest pain and diagnosed as ACS according to the clinical symptoms, changes in electrocardiogram and myocardial enzymes, and coronary angiography from November 2017 to April 2018 were enrolled. One hundred and thirty-four cases of unstable angina (UA) and 134 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included. Meanwhile, 66 patients with non-ACS were selected as the control group. They baseline data were matched with those of ACS in the same period. Results The sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/HDL-C of ACS patients were significantly increased [0.88(0.70, 1.09) mmol/L vs. 0.61(0.41, 0.84) mmol/L, 0.98(0.72, 1.30) vs. 0.58(0.40, 0.86)]. The sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/HDL-C of AMI group were higher than those of UA group [0.94(0.82, 1.21) mmol/L vs. 0.78 (0.61, 0.98) mmol/L, 1.10(0.79, 1.40) vs. 0.86 (0.62, 1.19)], while those of UA group were also higher than those of the control group [0.78(0.61, 0.98) mmol/L vs. 0.61(0.41, 0.84) mmol/L, 0.86(0.62, 1.19) vs. 0.58(0.40, 0.86)]. There were significant differences (P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that sdLDL-C level was an independent risk factor for ACS prediction. Compared with those of the control group, the OR values of ACS group, UA group and AMI group were respectively 26.85, 15.19 and 74.40. Correlation analysis showed that sdLDL-C was significantly positively correlated with TC and LDL-C levels (r＝0.697, 0.684, P＜0.01), while it controlled TC and LDL-C levels, and sdLDL-C levels were still significantly positively correlated with ACS (r＝0.185, P＝0.001). ROC analysis revealed that sdLDL-C≥0.613 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 51.5%, and a sdLDL-C/HDL-C≥0.938 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 53.7% and specificity of 87.9%. ROC curve was used to analyze AMI in ACS group, and the best threshold sdLDL-C＝0.732 mmol/L divided the cases into low-risk groups and high-risk groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the low-risk groups, the relative risk estimates of the AMI in the high-risk group was 4.84, after other indicators were adjusted. Conclusions sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/HDL-C are closely related to the occurrence of ACS. As independent risk factors, they are risk assessment predictors for ACS.

Changes of BDNF expression in hippocampus and spinal cord of rats after compression-induced spinal cord injury / 基础医学与临床

Objective To observe changes of BDNF expression in hippocampus and spinal cord of rats after com-pression-induced spinal cord injury .Methods The CSCI model was established with a institution-made device . BDNF in astrocyte, neuron, antegrade and retrograde axons were detected by immunofluorescence .The expression changes of BDNF in hippocampus , lesion centre , the superior segment and the inferior segment which were adjacent to the lesion centre were also determined by Western blot methods .Results The fluorescence intensity of BDNF+-GFAP in lesion centre was increased , while BDNF+-Tuj1 was decreased with time after CSCI .BDNF+-NF200 in superior and inferior segment of lesion was increased .The expression of BDNF in hippocampus , the supe-rior segment and the inferior segment close to the lesion centre reached its peak on the 1st day and then decreased after CSCI(P<0.05).The expression of BDNF in lesion centre decreased gradually (P<0.05).Conclusions De-creasing level of BDNF is regular and may lead to neuronal reduction with compressing time going .

Effect of cyclosporine A on autophagy-lysosomal pathway in tubular epithelial cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on autophagylysosomal pathway in tubular epithelial cells.Methods Human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cell) was treated with different concentrations (3,5 and 10 μmol/L) of CsA for 24 h.Then the viability and apoptosis of cells were measured by MTT assay or AnnexinV-PI staining followed by flow cytometry analysis,respectively.Autophagy-related protein LC3-Ⅱ and p62 were detected by immunofluorescence assay.Autophagic flux was analyzed in HK-2 cells transfected with a tandem mRFP-GFP fluorescent-tagged LC3 (ffLC3) plasmid by laser confocal microscope.The lysosomal degradation was evaluated by DQ-ovalbumin staining followed by flow cytometry analysis.Results The viability of HK-2 cells was significantly decreased with CsA stimulation when compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01),but the number of apoptotic cells was markedly increased by CsA treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,different doses of CsA dramatically increased the expressions of LC3-Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.01) and p62 (P ＜ 0.05) in HK-2 cells.Moreover,HK-2 cells treated with CsA displayed a significant increase in autophagosomes but a marked decrease in autolysosomes.In HK-2 cells,exposured to CsA caused a decrease in lysosomal degradation by DQ-ovalbumin staining when compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Blockade of autophagy via disrupting lysosome degradation may represent a novel mechanism of CsA-induced tubular epithelial cells injury.

Effects of Neuroligin on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of SH-SY5Y Cells / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To study effects of neuroligin (NLG) on the proliferation and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro for 24 hours,and then transfected with NLG siRNA at dose of 50,100,200 μmol/L,respectively.MTT procedure was used to detect the cell proliferation,and expression levels of apoptosis gene including Bax or Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl were measured by RT-PCR.Results:Compared to control groups proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells were distinctly inhibited after NLG siRNA transfection accompany with a dose-dependent,which was caused by activation of apoptosis.Conclusions:NLG protect neuron by inhibiting apoptosis.