Comparison study of clinical features between persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and congenital fibrovascular pupillary membrane / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the similarities and differences of the clinical features between persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV)and congenital fibrovascular pupillary membrane(CFPM).METHODS: Retrospectively analyze the ocular biometric parameters, clinical features and morphological changes in children with PHPV(PHPV group)and CFPM(CFPM group)who received surgery at the department of ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital from March 2006 to December 2021.RESULTS: The study included 56 cases(61 eyes)of PHPV and 24 cases(25 eyes)of CFPM. There were no differences on the gender and age of onset between PHPV and CFPM, and both of them were mainly unilaterally affected, with the ratio of 91% and 96%. Children with PHPV and cataract combined with other complications and ocular developmental abnormalities. CFPM was mainly presented different degrees of blockage and morphological abnormalities of pupillary area. In unilateral cases of PHPV and CFPM, the anterior chamber depth(ACD)of affected eyes was smaller than that of the fellow eyes, and in subgroups with age of operation ≤24mo, the axial length(AL)of affected eyes was smaller than that of the fellow eyes(P<0.05). The corneal diameter(CD)of the affected eyes in PHPV group was smaller and the intraocular pressure(IOP)was higher than those of the fellow eyes(all P<0.05); while there were no significant differences on CD and IOP between affected eyes and the fellow eyes in CFPM group(P>0.05). The ACD of affected eyes in PHPV group was significantly smaller than that of CFPM group(P<0.05). The fibrovascular membrane in PHPV group was located in the posterior part of the lens and vitreous cavity; while the fibrovascular membrane in CFPM group was located between the iris and the anterior capsule of the lens, rarely involving the lens.CONCLUSION: PHPV and CFPM had the similar clinical features, suggesting that they may belong to the different variants of persistent fetal vasculature(PFV). However, PHPV had a wider range of lesions and more complex conditions.

Aesthetic reconstruction of distal segment of finger with modified second toe nail flap without sacrifice a toe / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the method and effect of aesthetic reconstruction of distal segment of finger with modified second toe nail flap while retains the full length of the second toe.Methods:From April 2018 to June 2020, 16 patients with degloving injury of distal segment of fingers were treated. The patients were 11 males and 5 females aged 18 to 45 years in an average of 29 years. All injuries were degloving injury of the distal segment of finger, including 5 index fingers, 7 middle fingers, 3 ring fingers and 1 little finger. The time from injury to operation was 0.5-3.0 hours, with an average of 1.5 hours. The second toe nail flap was used for the reconstruction. After the dorsal flap of the second toe was rotated to the plantar side of the foot, the donor site defect was repaired by a skin graft. The regular follow up reviews were carried out.Results:All 16 flaps survived except 1 flap had necrosis and underwent toe amputation of the distal segment of the second toe. All patients entered follow-up for 4-12 months, with an average of 5.7 months. The blood supply of all flaps was good. After the flaps having atrophied, they were equivalent to the diameter of the body of normal fingers with the TPD at 6.5(4-10) mm; All patients returned to work. According to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Function of Chinese Hand Surgery Society, 13 cases were graded as excellent, 2 were good and 1 was fair.Conclusion:The techniques of modified second toe toenail flap in aesthetic reconstruction of the distal segment of a finger can effectively restore the length and aesthetic appearance of the affected finger, without sacrificing the donor toe. Clinical application of it should be promoted.

Degeneration of paraspinal muscles in degenerative lumbar scoliosis and its correlation with lumbar kyphosis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes of paraspinal muscles in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and its correlation with lumbar kyphosis.Methods:The clinical data of 67 female patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis, with an average of 65.4±5.6 years old (rang 52-83 years old), were retrospectively analyzed. There were 35 patients of DLS with lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK) in the DLS+LDK group, with an average of 64.60±5.40 years old (rang 52-75 years old), and 32 patients of lumbar scoliosis without lumbar kyphosis in the DLS group, with an average of 66.22±5.8 years old (rang 55-83 years old). The cross-sectional area (CSA) and the percentage of fat infiltration area (FIA%) of erector spinae and multifidus muscles of the 5 intervertebral disc levels (from L 1-2 to L 5S 1) were measured by MRI using Image J software (ver. 1.51 k, National Institutes of Health, USA). The curve direction, Cobb angle, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS) were evaluated and recordedin both groups using an anteroposterior radiograph in the standing position, and the correlation between the changes of paraspinal muscles and these factors was analyzed. Results:The TLK, LL, and SVA values of the DLS+LDK group (11.85°±7.89°, -9.35°±8.70° and 70.16±76.94 mm) were higher than those of the DLS group (7.47°±5.06°, -26.46°±10.26° and 39.45±38.18mm) ( t=2.73, P=0.008; t=7.38, P<0.001; t=2.10, P=0.041). The TK, PI, and SS values of the DLS+LDK group (16.36°±13.52°, 42.49°±11.70° and 11.89°±10.03°) were lower than those of the DLS group (23.60°±10.23°, 49.38°±11.92° and 21.21°±8.28°) ( t=2.45, P=0.017; t=2.38, P=0.020; t=4.13, P<0.001). The differences of Cobb and PT were not statistically significant between the two groups. The cross-sectional areas of L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4 intervertebral disc levels of erector spinae of the DLS+LDK group (1 328.36±339.16 mm 2, 1 331.98±305.76 mm 2 and 12 53.58±275.86 mm 2) were lower than those of the DLS group (1 564.16±312.68 mm 2, 1 574.80±325.92 mm 2 and 1 427.18±278.82 mm 2) ( t=0.40, P=0.004; t=0.81, P=0.002; t=0.306, P=0.013). The cross-sectional areas of L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4, L 4-5 intervertebral disc levels of multifidus muscles of the DLS+LDK group (225.07±59.80 mm 2, 228.38±87.44 mm 2, 436.40±117.99 mm 2 and 666.55±184.13 mm 2) were lower than those of the DLS group (264.28±44.27 mm 2, 384.85±75.52 mm 2, 576.10±109.92 mm 2 and 801.52±145.83 mm 2) ( t=0.21, P=0.004; t=0.42, P<0.001; t=0.52, P<0.001; t=0.37, P=0.002). The differences of FIA% of erector spinae and multifidus muscles at all lumbar spine levels were not statistically significant between the two groups. The cross-sectional areas of L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4 intervertebral disc levels of erector spinae and L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4, L 4-5 intervertebral disc levels of multifidus muscles of the two groups were negatively correlated with LL values ( r=-0.37, P=0.002; r=-0.34, P=0.005; r=-0.21, P=0.049; r=-0.34, P=0.005; r=-0.61, P<0.001; r=-0.65, P<0.001; r=-0.55, P<0.001), and positively correlated with SS ( r=0.42, P<0.001; r=0.37, P=0.002; r=0.27, P=0.027; r=0.38, P=0.001; r=0.53, P<0.001; r=0.46, P<0.001; r=0.42, P<0.001). The cross-sectional areas of L 3-4 intervertebral disc levels of erector spinae and L 1-2, L 2-3 intervertebral disc levels of multifidus muscles of the two groups were positively correlated with PI ( r=0.25, P=0.039; r=0.33, P=0.006; r=0.35, P=0.004). There was no correlation between the FIA% of erector spinae and multifidus muscles at all lumbar spine levels and the sagittal and pelvic parameters in both groups. Conclusion:Paravertebral muscle atrophy is more obvious in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis with lumbar kyphosis, which may be related to the reduce of lumbar lordosis and sacral slope. Patients with lumbar scoliosis with a smaller PI are more likely to experience paravertebral atrophy and increased loss of lumbar lordosis, and ultimately leading to lumbar kyphosis.

Radiographic and clinical outcome of crenel lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis with severe facet joint arthropathy / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the influence of different degrees of facet joint arthropathy on the indirect decompression effect of crenel lumbar interbody fusion (CLIF), and the clinical outcomes of CLIF for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with severe facet joint arthropathy (grade 3).Methods:This study reviewed a total of 269 surgical segments in 156 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated with CLIF technique from November 2016 to February 2020. According to preoperative CT images, the facet joint was graded according to Pathria classification. There are 19 segments with grade 0, 156 segments with grade 1, 67 segments with grade 2, and 27 segments with grade 3. Radiographic parameters included disc angle, anterior and posterior disc height, and bilateral intervertebral foramen height on CT, and the midsagittal canal diameter and axial central canal area. In 30 patients with at least one segment of grade 3, the clinical efficacy was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI).Results:The average the anterior and posterior intervertebral space height, intervertebral space angle, height of bilateral intervertebral foramina, spinal canal sagittal diameter and spinal canal area were significantly improved after the operation of grade 3 facet joint degeneration segment compared to preoperation. The preoperative mean spinal canal sagittal diameter and spinal canal area of grade 3 facet joint degeneration segment were significantly less than grade 1 and grade 2. The average change of spinal canal area after grade 3 articular degeneration was significantly less than that of grade 1 and 2, but there was no significant difference with that of grade 0. The posterior decompression rate was 55.56% (15/27) for grade 3, 35.82% (24/67) for grade 2, 16.03% (25/156) for grade 1, and 21.05% (4/19) for grade 0. The posterior decompression rate of grade 3 articular process degeneration was significantly higher than that of other grades ( P<0.001). Severe lateral recess stenosis and 24.24% of severe intervertebral foraminal stenosis were found in 81.48% of grade 3 degenerative segment. The 23 patients were followed up with an average of 21.62±6.52 months, and the average improvement of ODI was 24.10%±11.09%; the average VAS for leg pain and back pain were improved significantly. Conclusion:The degrees of facet joint degeneration do not prevent intervertebral space distraction of CLIF. However, because segments with severe facet joint arthropathy were usually associated with severe spinal canal stenosis, CLIF had a high rate of second-stage posterior decompression in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with severe facet joint arthropathy.

Current situation and enlightenment of researches on culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Cognitive behavior therapy(CBT) is one of the most widely used psychotherapy methods in the world.However, its origin in Western culture makes many researchers doubt whether it can be effectively applied to other cultural groups.The discussion on this issue is conducive to further adjusting CBT from an international perspective to better serve different cultural groups.This review focuses on the research progress of acculturation in CBT at home and abroad.Firstly, it discusses the necessity of acculturation and introduces the relevant major researchers in this field abroad, so as to explain how to carry out the work of acculturation.Then the effectiveness of current acculturation work is demonstrated, and the research progress of acculturation related to Chinese culture is introduced emphatically.In previous studies, most scholars supported the development of acculturation, and preliminary evidence has shown that CBT after acculturation has equal or even better effectiveness.Based on this, different researchers have put forward their own acculturation framework or adaptation suggestions.However, there are still many shortcomings in current research, which are mainly reflected in six aspects: few comparative studies, lack of unified framework, blank fields in some areas, shallow level of acculturation, unknown mechanism and lack of bottom-up research.Thus, this review is aimed to point out the urgency and necessity of CBT cultural adaptation in China, and put forward some suggestions and preliminary ideas for the further development of more culturally adaptable CBT in China, in order to better promote the application of CBT in China.

Application value of artificial intelligence in dual-source CT coronary angiography / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the application value of artificial intelligence in dual-source CT coronary angiography.Methods:The imaging data of 50 patients with coronary artery diseases who received treatment in Benxi Central Hospital from January to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent coronary computed tomography angiography examination and coronary arteriography. Coronary computed tomography angiography images were uploaded to the post-processing workstation and post-processed and analyzed by two radiologists. At the same time, the images were also post-processed by AI software and diagnosis reports were generated. In terms of coronary artery stenosis, the diagnostic results provided by AI software were compared with coronary angiography results. In terms of myocardial bridging, the diagnostic results provided by AI software were compared with radiologist's diagnosis. The accuracy of AI software was judged.Results:In the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of AI software were 93.22%, 81.32%, 76.39% and 94.87% respectively. These were well consistent with coronary arteriography results (Kappa = 0.71, P < 0.001). In the diagnosis of myocardial bridging, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of AI software were 30.77%, 81.45%, 25.81% and 84.87% respectively. These were poorly consistent with radiologists' diagnostic results (Kappa = 0.11, P = 0.162). Conclusion:AI-based dual-source CT coronary angiography is of high value in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis, but it is of low value in the diagnosis of myocardial bridging.

Construction and clinical effects of endocrinology nursing subspecialty group / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct endocrinology nursing subspecialty model and explore its clinical effect.Methods:In December 2018, the organization structure of endocrinology nursing subspecialty was constructed in the Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University Medical School and applied in clinic. In this model, the data of 2018 were taken as the data before application and the data of 2020 were taken as the data after application. The comprehensive ability of nurses, nurse satisfaction, related nursing workload and scientific research ability of nurses were compared before and after the application of the model.Results:After the application of subspecialty nursing mode, nurses′ comprehensive ability score was (92.00 ± 2.36) points. Compared with (84.25 ± 3.24) points before implementation, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-9.46, P<0.01); nurses′ satisfaction evaluations including specialty development (7.92 ± 1.41), self-quality improvement (8.00 ± 1.69), work pressure (6.42 ± 2.67), salary and welfare (3.96 ± 0.85), compared with (5.79 ± 2.31), (6.17 ± 2.82), (8.33 ± 1.50), (2.88 ± 1.59) before implementation, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were -3.86--2.73, all P<0.05). The annual workload of related nursing increased and the scientific research ability of nurses was improved. Conclusions:The application of endocrinology nursing subspecialty mode is beneficial to improve nurses′ comprehensive ability of clinical work, improve the level of specialized nursing, improve the quality of nursing service and promote the improvement of economic benefits, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Application value of magnetic resonance T2mapping in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the application value of magnetic resonance T2mapping in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:The MRI data of the knees of 148 patients with KOA who underwent diagnosis and treatment between January 2017 and December 2020 in Benxi Central Hospital (KOA group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. T2 values of cartilage in each sub-region of the knee were measured, grouped, and statistically analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference in the T2 value of cartilage in each sub-region of the knee between male and female patients in mild and severe KOA groups (all P > 0.05). T2 values in the medial anterior, middle, and posterior areas of the tibia, lateral anterior, middle and posterior areas of the tibia, medial middle, posterior and lateral areas of the femur, and lateral posterior area of the femur were (44.47 ± 2.35) ms, (46.52 ± 3.12) ms, (45.47 ± 2.40) ms, (43.68 ± 2.12) ms, (46.33 ± 3.36) ms, (43.92 ± 3.42) ms, (43.58 ± 2.40) ms, (45.53 ± 3.91) ms, (44.36 ± 3.15) ms, (46.41 ± 3.04) ms, respectively in the control group. They were (49.56 ± 2.05) ms, (51.67 ± 2.38) ms, (50.47 ± 2.53) ms, (48.68 ± 3.05) ms, (51.33 ± 4.62) ms, (48.92 ± 2.53) ms, (48.58 ± 3.15) ms, (50.53 ± 3.72) ms, (48.36 ± 2.41) ms, and (51.41 ± 3.64) ms, respectively in the mild KOA group, and (53.47 ± 2.46) ms, (56.52 ± 3.57) ms, (54.85 ± 2.89) ms, (52.68 ± 3.57) ms, (56.33 ± 3.91) ms, (52.92 ± 3.04) ms, (53.58 ± 3.36) ms, (55.53 ± 3.42) ms, (52.36 ± 4.13) ms, and (56.41 ± 3.56) ms, respectively in the severe KOA group. There were significant differences in abovementioned indices among the three groups ( F = 38.768, 39.412, 38.981, 40.432, 38.416, 38.635, 38.347, 40.712, 38.158, 39.418, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The T2 value of knee cartilage in patients with KOA is unrelated to gender and related to the severity of the disease. Magnetic resonance T2 mapping can help diagnose KOA, and provide information about the changes in cartilage components of patients with early KOA.

Analysis of surveillance data of animal plague from 2006 to 2020 in Zhejiang Province, China / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the epidemic characteristics and current situation of animal plague in Zhejiang Province, in order to provide data support for prevention and control of the plague in the whole province.Methods:A retrospective study was carried out to collect surveillance data of animal plague in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2020 from the "Pubonic Plague Control Management Information System". Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the density of domestic and wild rodents, the distribution of rodent species and flea species, and the serological and pathogenic test results of host animals.Results:From 2006 to 2020, the annual average density of domestic rodent in Zhejiang Province was 3.99%, which was lower than that in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2019 and 2020. The annual average density of wild rodents was 4.52%, which was lower than that in 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. From 2006 to 2020, a total of 173 432 rodents were captured, belonging to 3 orders, 5 families, 12 genera and 17 species; in the composition of rodent species, Rattus norvegicus was the most, accounting for 32.15% (55 765/173 432). A total of 107 736 rodents were examined, the number of flea-infected rodent was 3 885, and the flea-infested rate was 3.61%; the total number of flea collected was 9 039 and the total flea index was 0.083 9. A total of 172 235 serological samples were tested at various monitoring sites in Zhejiang Province, and 10 positive samples were detected, there were 7 copies of Apodemus agrarianus, 2 copies of Smelly Shrew and 1 copy of Rattus norvegicus, with titers ranging from 1 ∶ 40 - 1 ∶ 320; a total of 163 618 copies of rodent liver and spleen organs were cultured, and no Yersinia pestis was isolated. Conclusions:Positive host animals have been detected in Zhejiang Province for many years. It is necessary to further standardize plague surveillance and make emergency preparations to prevent relapse and import of the epidemics.

Effect analysis of WeChat Official Platform in clinical teaching of pathology for international students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of the auxiliary teaching mode based on WeChat Official Platform in pathology teaching.Methods:With the help of WeChat Official Platform, the "Pathology Experimental Course Platform of Qiqihar Medical University" (bilingual) was designed and formed. For the international students in the experimental group, teachers designed, developed and generated teaching resources in advance according to the requirements of pathology syllabus for international students and teaching contents, and post them on the platform. At the end of the term, they had pathology examination with the same difficulty as the control group, and their results were comparatively analyzed. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was designated to evaluate the teaching process and effects, to find out whether the platform work for the students to obtain more extracurricular knowledge and improve learning efficiency. SPSS 19.0 was used for t test. Results:Compared with the control group [(7.56±0.12) points and (53.20±0.70) points], the experimental group's scores of experimental assessment [(8.59±0.13) points] increased significantly ( P<0.05), and the scores of theoretical assessment [(56.23±0.60) points] also increased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusion:With the help of the WeChat Official Platform, the auxiliary teaching mode breaks the limitation of time and space, enables foreign students to study and observe more actively, consolidates basic theoretical knowledge, strengthens the ability to observe disease lesions and clinical thinking ability, promotes international students' understanding of the relationship between pathological changes and clinical symptoms and signs, and improves their academic performances.

Effect of Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids on ER-P38/MAPK pathway of memory impaired mice / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study the effect of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae on learning and memory impairment mice induced by sodium nitrite. Methods:75 mice were divided into blank group, model group, Kangnaoshuai capsule group, Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids group and Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids+inhibitor group according to the random number table method, with 15 mice in each group. The Kangnaoshui Capsule group was administered with Kangnaoshui Capsule 585 mg/kg, the Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids group was administered with the Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids 97.5 mg/kg, the Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids group and the inhibitor group were administered with the Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids by intragastric administration 97.5 mg/kg, and intraperitoneal injection of 0.072 mg/kg ICI182780 for 21 days, once a day. The model was established on the 22nd day. Except for the blank group, the other mice were injected with sodium nitrite intraperitoneally to replicate the mice model with impaired learning and memory capability. The learning and memory capabilit of mice were detected with water maze method, and the estrogen receptor in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry β (estrogen receptor β, ERβ). The expression of ERβ in hippocampus and the expression of phosphorylated P38 (P-P38) and the protein contents of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated death promoter (Bad) and Caspase-3 in the apoptotic system was detected by Western blot. The kit was used to detect MDA,SOD and NO protein content in hippocampus. Results:The latency of Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids group was significantly shorter than the model group, the number of crossing platform and the residence time in the target quadrant were significantly increased ( P<0.01); The expression of ERβ Protein in mice hippocampus (0.371 ± 0.010 vs. 0.124 ± 0.009), Bcl-2 protein (1.146 ± 0.028 vs. 0.726 ± 0.016) and the contents of SOD [(153.657 ± 6.385) U/mg vs. (67.719±5.845) U/mg] increased significantly ( P<0.01); The expression of P-P38/P38 protein (0.412 ± 0.043 vs.0.806 ± 0.069), Bad protein (0.421 ± 0.010 vs.0.633 ± 0.010), Caspase-3 protein (0.923 ± 0.042 vs.1.437 ± 0.033), and the content of MDA [(8.669 ± 0.662) nmol/mg vs. (11.772 ± 1.054) nmol/mg] and NO [(4.259 ± 0.225) nmol/mg vs. (10.805 ± 0.415) nmol/mg] decreased significantly ( P<0.01). In addition, ER blocker can antagonize the above recovery and improvement effects of Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids group. Conclusion:Rhizoma Drynariae total flavonoids can regulate memory impairment, inhibit neuronal apoptosis and reduce oxidative stress in sodium nitrite model mice through ER-P38/MAPK signal pathway.

Effect of baicalein on the expression of glutamate receptor related protein in PC12 cells damaged by Aβ 25-35 / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study the effect of baicalein on the expression of glutamate receptor related protein in PC12 cells injured by Aβ 25-35. Methods:PC12 cells were divided into control group, model group, estradiol group and baicalein group with different concentrations. The survival condition of PC12 cells in each group were detected by thiazole blue (MTT). PC12 cells were divided into control group, model group, estradiol group and baicalein group. The control group and model group were cultured with DMEM medium, and the estradiol group was added with 1×10 -3 μmol/L estradiol DMEM medium, baicalein group was added with 1 μmol/L baicalein DMEM medium. After 2 hours of intervention, 20 μmol/L Aβ 25-35 was added to the model group, estradiol group and baicalein group with induced PC12 cell injury. After 22 hours of intervention, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of PC12 cells. The expression of estrogen receptor β (ER β), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK/JNK) and ionic receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1), glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) were detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with model group, 1 μmol/L baicalein significantly increased the proliferation rate [(95.80±2.47)% vs. (64.34±3.84)%]. The apoptosis rate of PC12 cells[(7.83±0.67)% vs. (12.84±0.91)%] was significantly decreased in baicalein group ( P<0.01). The expression of NMDAR1 (0.582±0.012 vs. 0.352±0.012), GluR2(0.538±0.017 vs. 0.355±0.006), ER β (0.362±0.015 vs. 0.262±0.018) in baicalein group were significantly increased ( P<0.01), the expression of p-JNK/JNK (0.476±0.013 vs. 0.752±0.014) and CaMK Ⅱ(0.499±0.019 vs. 0.670±0.016) in baicalein group were significantly decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Baicalein has a protective effect on PC12 cells injured by Aβ 25-35. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p-JNK/JNK activity by activating ERβ and regulating the expression of glutamate receptor related protein.

Drug discovery of sclerostin inhibitors

Sclerostin, a protein secreted from osteocytes, negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway by binding to the LRP5/6 co-receptors and further inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption. Sclerostin contributes to musculoskeletal system-related diseases, making it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of WNT-related bone diseases. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that sclerostin contributes to the development of cancers, obesity, and diabetes, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. Notably, cardiovascular diseases are related to the protective role of sclerostin. In this review, we summarize three distinct types of inhibitors targeting sclerostin, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, and small-molecule inhibitors, from which monoclonal antibodies have been developed. As the first-in-class sclerostin inhibitor approved by the U.S. FDA, the monoclonal antibody romosozumab has demonstrated excellent effectiveness in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, it conferred high cardiovascular risk in clinical trials. Furthermore, romosozumab could only be administered by injection, which may cause compliance issues for patients who prefer oral therapy. Considering these above safety and compliance concerns, we therefore present relevant discussion and offer perspectives on the development of next-generation sclerostin inhibitors by following several ways, such as concomitant medication, artificial intelligence-based strategy, druggable modification, and bispecific inhibitors strategy.

Determining the protective effects of Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules against acute DSS-induced enteritis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal metabolomics / 中国天然药物

Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules (MMRAC) is traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diarrhea caused by acute enteritis (AE) and bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang (China) for many years. However, the potential therapeutic mechanism of MMRAC for AE and its regulatory mechanism on host metabolism is unclear. This study used fecal metabolomics profiling with GC/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of MMRAC on a dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced mouse model of AE. Fecal metabolomics-based analyses were performed to detect the differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was used to assess the altered gut microbes at the genus level and for functional prediction. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis was used to integrate differentially expressed metabolites and altered bacterial genera. The results revealed that six intestinal bacteria and seven metabolites mediated metabolic disorders (i.e., metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate, cofactors and vitamins, and lipid) in AE mice. Besides, ten altered microbes mediated the differential expression of eight metabolites and regulated these metabolisms after MMRAC administration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that AE is associated with metabolic disorders and microbial dysbiosis. Further, we present that MMRAC exerts protective effects against AE by improving host metabolism through the intestinal flora.

Silk fibroin/collagen composite hydrogels with different matrix stiffness influence the growth and phenotype of human mammary epithelial cells / 生理学报

Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is closely related to the physiological and pathological states of breast tissue. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of silk fibroin/collagen composite hydrogels with adjustable matrix stiffness on the growth and phenotype of normal breast epithelial cells. In this study, the enzymatic reaction of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to change the degree of cross-linking of the silk fibroin solution. The rotational rheometer was used to characterize the composite hydrogel's biomechanical properties. Human normal mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A were inoculated into composite hydrogels with various stiffness (19.10-4 932.36 Pa) to construct a three dimensional (3D) culture system of mammary epithelial cells. The CCK-8 assay was applied to detect the cell proliferation rate and active states in each group. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and whole-mount magenta staining were used for histological evaluation of cell morphology and distribution. The results showed that with the increase of matrix stiffness, MCF-10A cells exhibited inhibited proliferation rate, decreased formation of acinus structures and increased branching structures. Meanwhile, with the increase of matrix stiffness, the polarity of MCF-10A cells was impeded. And the increase of matrix stiffness up-regulated the expression levels of mmp-2, mmp-3, and mmp-9 in MCF-10A cells. Among the genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the expression level of the epithelial marker gene E-cadherin was significantly down-regulated, while the interstitial cell marker gene Vimentin was up-regulated, and the expression levels of Snail, Wnt5b and Integrin β1 in the Wnt pathway were up-regulated. These results suggest that the silk fibroin/collagen composite hydrogels with adjustable matrix stiffness regulates the proliferation and the phenotype of MCF-10A cells. The effects of increased matrix stiffness may be closely related to the changes of the polar structures and function of MCF-10A cells, as well as the occurrence of ECM-remodeling and EMT.

Chiropractic plus plum-blossom needling combined with flexibility training on attention deficit in mentally-retarded adolescents / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of chiropractic plus plum-blossom needling combined with flexibility training for attention deficit in mentally-retarded adolescents.@*METHODS@#Thirty adolescents with mild mental retardation were randomly divided into a medical rehabilitation plus flexibility training group (10 cases, 2 cases dropped off), a flexibility training group (10 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (10 cases). The patients in the flexibility training group received flexibility training, once every other day, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The patients in the medical rehabilitation plus flexibility training group received chiropractic and plum-blossom needling at Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1) on the basis of the treatment in the flexibility training group, once every other day, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The patients in the control group did not receive any targeted physical training and medical rehabilitation. Tobii Pro Spectrum eye movement instrument was used to test the attention concentration (T), attention span (M), attention transfer (γ%) and attention distribution (η).@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, T and M in the medical rehabilitation plus flexibility training group and the flexibility training group were increased after treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05), and γ% in the medical rehabilitation plus flexibility training group was increased after treatment (P<0.05). The increasing range of T, M and γ% in the medical rehabilitation plus flexibility training group and the flexibility training group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.01), and the increasing range of T and γ% in the medical rehabilitation plus flexibility training group was greater than that in the flexibility training group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The chiropractic plus plum blossom needling combined with flexibility training can improve the attention deficit in mentally-retarded adolescents.

Prognostic implications and functional enrichment analysis of LTB4R in patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression patterns, prognostic implications, and biological role of leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#We collected the data of mRNA expression levels and clinical information of patients with AML from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for mRNA expression analyses, survival analyses, Cox regression analyses and correlation analyses using R studio to assess the expression patterns and prognostic value of LTB4R. The correlation of LTB4R expression levels with clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed using UALCAN. The co-expressed genes LTB4R were screened from Linkedomics and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING. GSEA analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed based on datasets from TCGA-LAML stratified by LTB4R expression level. We also collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AML patients and healthy donors for examination of the mRNA expression levels of LTB4R and immune checkpoint genes using qRT-PCR. We also examined serum LTB4R protein levels in the patients using ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA expression level of LTB4R was significantly increased in AML patients (4.898±1.220 vs 2.252±0.215, P < 0.001), and an elevated LTB4R expression level was correlated with a poor overall survival (OS) of the patients (P=0.004, HR=1.74). LTB4R was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.019, HR=1.66) and was associated with FAB subtypes, cytogenetic risk, karyotype abnormalities and NPM1 mutations. The co- expressed genes of LTB4R were enriched in the functional pathways closely associated with AML leukemogenesis, including neutrophil inflammation, lymphocyte activation, signal transduction, and metabolism. The DEGs were enriched in differentiation, activation of immune cells, and cytokine signaling. Examination of the clinical serum samples also demonstrated significantly increased expressions of LTB4R mRNA (P=0.044) and protein (P=0.008) in AML patients, and LTB4R mRNA expression was positively correlated with the expression of the immune checkpoint HAVCR2 (r= 0.466, P=0.040).@*CONCLUSION@#LTB4R can serve as a novel biomarker and independent prognostic indicator of AML and its expression patterns provide insights into the crosstalk of leukemogenesis signaling pathways involving tumor immunity and metabolism.

Analysis of 53 cases of transjugular liver biopsy / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the practicability and safety of transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB). Methods: Data of 53 cases with transjugular liver biopsy from June 2015 to June 2020 were collected. LABS-100 was used in all patients who underwent transjugular liver biopsy. Among them, 45 cases and eight were biopsied via hepatic vein and intrahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. The surgical indications, related complications, and postoperative pathological diagnosis were analyzed and summarized. Results: TJLB was successful in all patients, with an average of 2.8 punctures per case. Satisfactory liver tissue and histopathological diagnosis was obtained in all patients. Two cases developed a cervical hematoma that was improved spontaneously, and one patient developed an intrahepatic hematoma that was improved after conservative treatment. Conclusion: TJLB is a practical and safe method for patients with contraindications to percutaneous liver biopsy.

Recent advances in diagnosis of pulmonary nodule / 中华外科杂志

With the popularization of health screening and the widespread use of low-dose computed tomography, the detection rate of lung nodules has increased year after year. However, the false positive rates testified by surgery of these lung nodules are still high. Therefore, it is vital in clinical practice to avoid overtreatment or undertreatment. But a series of problems on how to make an accurate diagnosis, how to reduce the psychological pressure of patients and follow up with regular imaging, how to clarify the indications for surgery and adopt the most minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment methods, etc. remain unsolved. Over the past decade, the diagnostic techniques for pulmonary nodules have improved significantly, including imaging progress such as the optimization of traditional imaging techniques (CT, MRI) and the emergence of new technologies (radiomics, artificial intelligence). In addition, histological improvements including percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy, bronchoscopy, and minimally invasive surgical biopsy, etc. have brought more reliable and precise options for characterization of pulmonary nodules.

Progress of microRNA in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

microRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of approximately 20-22 nucleotides in length, encoded by endogenous genes, which is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. miRNA exists in a double-stranded form and is single-stranded when activated. miRNA also plays its role by forming miRNA-induced silencing complex, and is involved in various processes such as cell growth, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, migration and invasion. Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is a kind of rare malignant neoplasm with unknown etiology and poor prognosis. The early symptoms cannot be detected easily, which is prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The main pathological type of hypopharyngeal carcinoma is squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 95% that can easily develop cervical lymph node metastasis. The role of miRNA in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is of great importance to the targeted therapy of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This paper reviews the progress of the role of miRNA in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.