ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship between parental rearing style and mental health of community correction offenders, as well as the mediating role of personality and coping styles in it.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted on 385 community correction offenders by the Egma Minnen av Bardndosna uppforstran(EMBU), symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90), NEO five-factor inventory(NEO-FFI) and simplified coping style questionnaire(SCSQ) from February to July 2022.SPSS 27.0 software was used for correlation analysis and regression analysis.AMOS 26.0 was used for the construction of structural equation, and Bootstrap was used for mediating effect analysis.Results:In parental rearing styles, the dimension of parents' severe punishment(19.09±5.32, 12.93±4.77), father's preference for subjects(9.29±3.30), father's excessive protection(10.40±2.19), mother's excessive interference and protection(33.81±6.06)and parents' refusal and denial (9.08±3.03, 12.17±4.25) were significantly positively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 (140.63±44.28)( r=0.114, 0.168, 0.121, 0.144, 0.224, 0.187, 0.220 respectively, all P<0.05). Parents' emotional warmth and understanding, parents' severe punishment and parents' refusal and denial were significantly correlated with coping styles ( r=0.420, 0.420, -0.189, -0.190, -0.174, -0.163 respectively, P<0.05). Neuroticism, extraversion, conformity, rigor in personality were significantly correlated with the total score of SCL-90 ( r=0.542, -0.442, -0.204, -0.202 respectively, P<0.05). Coping style was significantly negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 ( r=-0.352, P<0.05). The father's refusal and denial, the mother's emotional warmth and understanding, the mother's excessive interference and protection in the parental rearing styles could predict the mental health of community correction offenders ( β=0.191, -0.163, 0.233 respectively, P<0.05). Coping styles had a negative predictive effect on mental health ( β=-0.352, P<0.05). Neuroticism, preciseness and extra-version in personality could predict mental health ( β=0.461, 0.183, -0.281 respectively, P<0.05). The pathway coefficient of parental rearing styles → mental health was 0.261 ( P<0.001), and the direct effect was significant. The confidence intervals of parental rearing styles → personality traits → mental health path, parental rearing styles → coping tendency → mental health path did not include 0, indicating that partial mediating effect of personality traits and coping tendency were significant. Conclusion:Personality traits and coping styles play a mediating role in the influence of parental rearing style on mental health of community correction offenders.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To identify the prevalence of sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to explore the association with the main melatonin metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SM).@*Method@#This was a prospective case-control study. Children with ASD were recruited from Child Development and Behavioral Research Center (CDBRC) of the Harbin Medical University and Harbin Special Education School from October 2015 to April 2017 (ASD group) . Healthy controls were selected from five kindergartens and one primary school in Harbin by the stratified cluster random sampling (control group) . The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to investigate the sleep problems of the two groups. The patients were matched in a 1∶1 ratio for the age and sex, and the urine samples of case-control pairs were collected in the morning. The level of 6-SM was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The student's t test was used for comparison between the ASD group and control group, and the Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation difference.@*Result@#A total of 212 ASD children (mean (±SD) age was (6.0±2.7) years, and 181 patients (85.4%) were male), and a total of 334 healthy children(mean (±SD) age was (5.9±2.6) years, and 272 patients (81.4%) were male) were recruited. Among them, 101 matched case-control pairs completed the collection of urine samples. According to the statistical analysis, the scores of total CSHQ, bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, night waking, parasomnia, sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness in children with ASD were significantly higher than those in the control group (48.2±6.2 vs. 46.6±5.4, 11.4±2.5 vs. 10.7±2.8, 1.7±0.8 vs. 1.5±0.7, 4.1±1.4 vs. 3.7±1.1, 4.2±1.5 vs. 3.8±1.1, 8.5±1.5 vs. 8.3±1.4, 3.7±1.0 vs. 3.4±0.8, 11.7±2.5 vs. 12.4±2.7, t=3.16, 3.00, 3.23, 2.76, 3.19, 1.99, 3.45,-2.72, P=0.002, 0.003, 0.001, 0.006, 0.002, 0.048, 0.001, 0.007), the level of 6-SM was significantly lower in children with ASD than that of healthy controls ((1.24±0.50) vs. (1.68±0.63)μg/h, t=-5.50, P<0.01), and the total CSHQ score was negatively correlated with the level of 6-SM (r=-0.50, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The children with ASD were at high risk for sleep problems, and the melatonin metabolite of ASD group was abnormal compared with that of the control group. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the severity of sleep problems and the level of 6-SM in ASD children. The results of our study indicate that the abnormal melatonin metabolism may be one of the causes of sleep problems in children with ASD.