ABSTRACT
Background: Breast carcinoma is one of the most researched cancers across the world. FNAC is often used as a first priority investigation in patients with breast lump. Tru-cut biopsy is useful in preoperative knowledge of prognostic parameters with the help of IHC markers ER, PR, Her2 neu. The technique is reliable, simple and reproducible which can be used even in resource poor countries like India. To analyze the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values and the diagnostic accuracy (efficacy) of fine needle aspiration cytology and trucut biopsy. Methods: The study included 82 patients presenting with palpable breast lesions. All patients underwent FNAC followed by Tru-cut biopsy under ultrasound guidance. ER, PR, HER2 Neu, cytokeratin immunostaining was done in malignant cases. The data collected analysed statistically. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of FNAC were 96.61 %, 95.65 %, 98.28%, 90.91% respectively and that of trucut biopsy were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100 % respectively. Conclusions: Out of total 82 patients, maximum no of cases (57) were duct carcinoma accounting 69.50% on FNAC and Tru-cut biopsy. IHC was done in all carcinomas. Maximum (46 cases) were luminal type. The present study emphasizes that tru-cut biopsy can serve as confirmative diagnostic tool over FNAC and provides information regarding prognostic factors and treatment modalities based on IHC markers.
ABSTRACT
The present study concerns seasonal variations, correlation coefficient and biodiversity indices of zooplanktons during January – December, 2008 in the Harsool-Savangi dam, Aurangabad, India. A total of 25 genera were recorded of which 10 were Rotifers, 8 Cladocerons, 5 Copepods and 2 Ostracods. Present study revealed maximum percentage wise compositions of Rotifers at north site were 58.28%, Cladocerons at south site were 29.78%, Copepods at east site were 16.59% and Ostracods at south site were 4.20%, respectively. Minimum percentage wise compositions Rotifers at south site were 51.54%, Cladocerons at west site were 26.71%, Copepods at north site were 11.03% and Ostracods at north site were 1.36%, respectively. Margalef’s index (R1) and Menhinick index (R2) values (3.58 and 0.87) were found to be the highest at south site and lowest at (3.16 and 0.56) north site. Simpson’s index (l) values (0.43) were found to be the highest at north site and lowest (0.37) at south site. Shannon – Weiner index (H’) values (1.06) were found to be the highest at south site and lowest values (0.94) at north site. Maximum species evenness was recorded at south site while minimum species evenness was recorded at north site. Maximum population density of Rotifers, Cladocerons, Copepods and Ostracods (799, 350, 163 and 18) were recorded at north site in summer and minimum (58, 35, 22 and 13) were recorded at south site in monsoon, respectively.
ABSTRACT
The present study concerns seasonal variations, correlation coefficient and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton during January to December, 2008 in the Harsool-Savangi dam, Aurangabad, India. A total of 35 genera were recorded out of which 15 were Chlorophyceae, 7 Bacillariophyceae, 7 Cyanophyceae and 6 Euglenophyceae. Present study revealed maximum percentage wise compositions of Chlorophyceae at north site 41.91%, Bacillariophyceae at west site 32.70%, Cyanophyceae at south site 19.50% and Euglenophyceae at west site 11.47%. Minimum percentage wise compositions Chlorophyceae at south site 37.80%, Bacillariophyceae at east site 28.15%, Cyanophyceae at west site 17.47% and Euglenophyceae at north site 10.57%. Margalef’s index (R1) and Menhinick index (R2) values (4.12 and 0.56) were found to be highest at south site and lowest values (3.77 and 0.38) were found at north site. Simpson’s index (I) values (0.30) were found to be the highest at north site and lowest values (0.29) were found at south, east, and west sites. Shannon – Weiner index (H’) values (1.26) were found to be the highest at south, east, and west sites and lowest values (1.24) were found at north site. Maximum species evenness was recorded at south site; minimum at north site. Maximum population density of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae (1923, 1173, 889 and 541 organisms l-1) were recorded at north site in summer and minimum (108, 195, 67 and 24 organisms l-1) were recorded at south site in monsoon, respectively.
ABSTRACT
This is descriptive type of cross-sectional study carried out among 100-discharged patient in a specialized psychiatric hospital. Socio-demographic study revealed that among 100 cases 97% were admitted with schizophrenia, 35% with bipolar affective disorder, 10% with psychotic depression, 5% with brief psychotic disorder, 2% with schizoaffective disorder, 1% with schizophreniform disorder. Their mean hospital stay was 19 days with highest mean hospital stay in schizoaffective disorder (32 days). Mean age of the patient was 26.5 years and highest no. of patients (52%) were in 20-25 years age group. Male female ratio of the patient was 3.761: 1. Occupational distribution of the cases family history of psychiatric illness in 1st degree and 2nd degree relatives was present and mean duration of illness was 73.4 months. Statistically significant independent variables that have impact on length of hospital stay (Dependent patient (p<0.007); electro convulsive therapy (p<0.005); family history of psychiatric illness (p< 0.046), Treatment with typical antipsychotic drugs (p <0.033); treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs (p <0.000), Rx with combination of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (p<0.012); treatment with depot preparation (p<0.011); Treatment with combination of oral antipsychotic drugs (p<0.003) and patient hailing from rural area (p<0.026).