Recent advances in drug development targeting bile acids transporters and related disease / 药学学报

Bile acids (BAs) are a major component of bile salt, which plays a vital role in the metabolism of lipids in humans. Ninety-five percent of bile acids are recycled by the enterohepatic circulation (EHC), and therefore EHC is essential for bile acid homeostasis. There are four transporters that mediate the transmembrane transport of bile acids, each of which plays an important role in the enterohepatic circulation. Gene defects in bile acid transporters can lead to disorders of the enterohepatic circulation, ultimately leading to clinical phenotypes such as metabolic diseases and even death. Bile transporter expression is altered in patients with various metabolic disease states, suggesting that disruption of bile acid transporters may be a pivotal pathological mechanism for the development of metabolism diseases. Thus, many drugs targeting bile acid transporters are being developed. We provide a concise overview of the progress of bile acid transporters research, discuss the relationship between different bile acid transporters and disease development, and summarize the current progress in drug development targeting bile acid transporters.

Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of venous thrombus embolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version) / 中华创伤杂志

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

Research progress of micronucleus visualization analysis and artificial intelligence detection strategy / 中华预防医学杂志

The micronucleomics test can comprehensively display a variety of harmful endpoints, such as DNA damage and repair, chromosome breakage or loss and cell growth inhibition, with fast, simple and economical feature. Micronucleomics is not only widely used in the comprehensive assessment of the types and modes of genetic action of exogenous chemicals (such as drugs, food additives, cosmetics, environmental pollutants, etc.), but also plays an important role in the screening and risk assessment of cancer population at high risk. However, the traditional micronucleomics image counting method has the characteristics of time-consuming, low accuracy, and high cost, which cannot meet the current analysis requirements of large-scale, multi-index, rapidity, high precision and visualization. In recent years, with the rapid development of the era of precision medicine based on big data, visualized analysis of new micronucleomics based on machine learning and detection strategies based on deep learning have shown a good application prospect. This review, based on the application value of micronucleomics, systematically compares the traditional and new artificial intelligence counting of micronucleus images, and discusses the future direction of micronucleus image detection.

The influence of HBsAg expression in liver tissue on the postoperative recurrence of HCC patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the influence of HBsAg expression in peritumoral tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients on their postoperative recurrence. Methods: The HCC patients treated in Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from October 2009 to August 2010 were selected. The clinicopathological data and adjacent tissues of 718 patients were collected, and dextran polymer immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of HBsAg in adjacent tissues. According to the expression of HBsAg in adjacent tissues, the tissues were divided into HBsAg positive group and HBsAg negative group. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Among the 718 patients in the whole group, 153 were HBsAg negative and 565 were HBsAg positive. There was a statistically significant difference in serum HBV DNA level between HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients (P<0.001). The number of patients with serum DNA≥2 000 IU/ml and<2 000 IU/ml in HBsAg negative group were 52 and 93, while the patients in HBsAg positive group were 325 and 205. The cumulative recurrence rates of all patients at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery were 30.2%, 54.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. The expression of HBsAg was related to the recurrence (P=0.038). Multivariate analysis showed that γ-GT, PT, multiple tumors, tumor length, and portal vein invasion were independent risk factors for recurrence of HCC (P<0.05). In HBeAg-negative patients with low viral load (HBV DNA <2 000 IU/ml) and without cirrhosis, the recurrence rates of HBsAg-positive patients were 14.3% and 31.0% at 3 and 5 years, respectively, compared with HBsAg negative patients (all 0), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). Conclusion: The positive expression of HBsAg in peritumoral tissue increases the postoperative recurrence risk of HCC patients.

Association of Increased Amygdala Activity with Stress-Induced Anxiety but not Social Avoidance Behavior in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Chronic stress leads to many psychiatric disorders, including social and anxiety disorders that are associated with over-activation of neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, not all individuals develop psychiatric diseases, many showing considerable resilience against stress exposure. Whether BLA neuronal activity is involved in regulating an individual's vulnerability to stress remains elusive. In this study, using a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), we divided the mice into susceptible and resilient subgroups based on their social interaction behavior. Using in vivo fiber photometry and in vitro patch-clamp recording, we showed that CSDS persistently (after 20 days of recovery from stress) increased BLA neuronal activity in all the mice regardless of their susceptible or resilient nature, although impaired social interaction behavior was only observed in susceptible mice. Increased anxiety-like behavior, on the other hand, was evident in both groups. Notably, the CSDS-induced increase of BLA neuronal activity correlated well with the heightened anxiety-like but not the social avoidance behavior in mice. These findings provide new insight to our understanding of the role of neuronal activity in the amygdala in mediating stress-related psychiatric disorders.

Effect on postoperative visual quality with modified ABC design aspheric IOL implantation of cataract patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the visual quality of patients after modified design aspheric balance curve(ABC)with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation, and to analyze the influencing factors of clinical IOL selection and guide the patient's IOL selection plan. METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted in 67 patients(74 eyes)with simple cataract underwent phacoemulsification and foldable aspheric IOL implantation, and 23 eyes in the observation group were implanted with modified design IOL(HOYA Vivinex XY1 group), the control group was implanted with 51 eyes of traditional design IOL(Tecnis ZCB00 group with 27 eyes, IQ SN60WF group with 24 eyes). The uncorrected visual acuity, the best corrected visual acuity, total ocular spherical aberration(SA)and coma under different pupil diameters(3, 4, 5, 6mm), and different pupil diameters(3, 4, 5mm)were measured 1wk and 1mo after operation, the modulation transfer function(MTF)curve, objective scattering index(OSI), intraocular scattered light value Log(s)and contrast sensitivity were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity at 1wk and 1mo after operation in the three groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation, there was no significant difference among groups(P&#x003E;0.05). The difference of total ocular spherical aberration was statistically significant among the three groups with 5 and 6mm pupil diameter 1wk after operation(P=0.045, 0.037)and there were differences among three groups in pupil diameter of 6mm at 1mo after operation(P=0.042). Comparing the total ocular coma aberration, there were differences among the three groups at 1wk and 1mo after the operation at the pupil diameter of 5 and 6 mm(P&#x003C;0.05). With the increase of pupil diameter at 1wk and 1mo after operation, the total ocular spherical aberration in the HOYA Vivinex XY1 group was lower than that in the other two groups. The MTF values of the Vivinex XY1 group were higher than those that of the control group at each spatial frequency, there was no significant difference among groups(P&#x003E;0.05), and there were no statistical differences in objective scattering index, intraocular scattered light value Log(s)and contrast sensitivity among the three groups(P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION:The improved design of the modified Vivinex IOL can reduce the total ocular spherical aberration and coma, improve the visual quality, and provide a new method for the selection of aspheric IOL.

Antiviral effect of Fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against coronavirus and its potential mechanism / 药学学报

To investigate the effect of Fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against coronavirus and its potential mechanism, we used Huh7, Huh7.5, H460, and C3A cell lines as in vitro models to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of FFYH by observation of cell pathogenic effect (CPE); and then the inhibitory effect of FFYH on the transcription expression of coronavirus RNA and inflammatory factor mRNA were evaluated by quantitive reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR); finally, the inhibitory effect of FFYH on the expression of coronavirus protein and its underlying mechanism against coronavirus were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that 50% toxic concentration (TC50) FFYH on Huh7, Huh7.5, H460, and C3A cells were 2 035.21, 5 245.69, 2 935.28 and 520 µg·mL-1, respectively; 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of FFYH on HCoV-229E in Huh7 and Huh7.5 cells were 438.16 and 238.54 µg·mL-1 with safety index (SI) of 4.64 and 21.99, respectively; IC50 of FFYH on HCoV-OC43 in H460 cells was 165.13 µg·mL-1 with SI of 17.78. Moreover, FFYH not only could inhibit the replication of coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E) through inhibiting the transcription of viral RNA and the expression of viral protein, but also effectively suppress the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) at mRNA level caused by coronaviruses, which might be associated with the inhibitory effect of FFYH on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). In summary, our results demonstrated that FFYH exhibited a good in vitro anti-coronavirus effect, which provides a theoretical basis for its clinical use in the treatment of anti-coronavirus pneumonia.

A real-time and modular approach for quick detection and mechanism exploration of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) had been widely used in lung diseases on account of direct pulmonary delivery, good drug stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, an indistinct understanding of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) hindered the development of DPIs. Most current evaluation methods explored the PDPs with over-simplified models, leading to uncompleted investigations of the whole or partial PDPs. In the present research, an innovative modular process analysis platform (MPAP) was applied to investigate the detailed mechanisms of each PDP of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes (CPS). The MPAP was composed of a laser particle size analyzer, an inhaler device, an artificial throat and a pre-separator, to investigate the fluidization and dispersion, transportation, detachment and deposition process of DPIs. The release profiles of drug, drug aggregation and carrier were monitored in real-time. The influence of CPS on PDPs and corresponding mechanisms were explored. The powder properties of the carriers were investigated by the optical profiler and Freeman Technology four powder rheometer. The next generation impactor was employed to explore the aerosolization performance of DPIs. The novel MPAP was successfully applied in exploring the comprehensive mechanism of PDPs, which had enormous potential to be used to investigate and develop DPIs.

Recent research on the application of biologics in the treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a type of hyperinflammatory symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and is commonly observed in children aged 8-10 years. Primary therapeutic medications for MIS-C are intravenous immunoglobulins and glucocorticoids. It has been reported that biologics, such as IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab, and TNF-α receptor antagonist infliximab, can be used as an option for critically ill patients. This article elaborates on the mechanism of action of the above biologics and discusses the efficacy and safety biologics in the treatment of MIS-C after SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to provide methods for the treatment of MIS-C with severe symptoms.

Effect of Asiaticoside on Expression of Th17/Treg Cells in DBA/1 Mice with Collagen-Induced Arthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of asiaticoside （AC） on the expression of T helper 17 （Th17） cells and regulatory T （Treg） cells in DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis （CIA）. MethodMale SPF DBA/1 mice were randomized into six groups according to body weight： control group， CIA group， methotrexate group （MTX group， ip， 0.5 mg·kg-1）， and AC low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （ig， 5， 15， 45 mg·kg-1， respectively）. Modeling was performed in rats other than the control group. To be specific， they were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant on the first day and with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant on the 21st day. Administration began on the day of the second immunization， once a day for 28 days. On the 49th day， related tissues were collected. Then， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of the joints. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of interleukin-17 （IL-17） and forkhead box protein-3 （FoxP3）， the markers of Th17 and Treg cells， respectively， immunofluorescence double staining the expression of IL-17 and FoxP3 in CD4+T cells of mouse joint tissue， and flow cytometry the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in mouse lymph nodes. ResultCompared with the control group， CIA group demonstrated joint disorder， damage of articular cartilage and bone， severe bone erosion （P<0.01）， increase in stained CD4 and IL-17 and the integral absorbance （IA） （P<0.01）， decrease in stained FoxP3 and the IA （P<0.01）， rise of Th17/Treg ratio （P<0.01）， elevation of Th17 expression in mouse lymph nodes （P<0.01）， and reduction in Treg expression （P<0.01）. Compared with CIA group， MTX group and three AC groups showed normal joints， alleviated bone erosion and damage， intact and smooth joint surface， and decrease in stained IL-17 and IA （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MTX group and AC medium-dose and high-dose groups registered decrease in stained CD4 and IA （P<0.01） and reduction in Th17/Treg ratio （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， AC medium-dose and high-dose groups showed rise in stained FoxP3 and IA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the lymph nodes of mice， decrease in expression of Th17 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the increase in expression of Treg cells （P<0.05， P<0.01） were observed in all the three AC group. ConclusionAC can regulate Th17/Treg balance by inhibiting the expression of Th17 cells and promoting the expression of Treg cells in CIA mice.

Effect of esketamine on cardiac index in patients undergoing prone lumbar surgery under general anesthesia / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of esketamine on cardiac index in patients undergoing lumbar surgery in prone position under general anesthesia.Methods:Forty-five patients with prone lumbar surgery after general anesthesia in Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital from March to July 2021 were divided into observation group (24 cases, group A) and control group (21 cases, group B) according to random number table method. Group A received 0.5 mg/kg esketamine intravenously during induction, and 0.15 mg/(kg·h) esketamine intravenously for 2 h after prone position. Group B received the same amount of normal saline. Both groups were given sevoflurane and remifentanil during operation to maintain anesthesia, and sufentanil was given intermittently during operation. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), cardiac index (CI), and heart rate (HR) before induction (T 0), during endotracheal intubation (T 1), 5 minutes after intubation (T 2), 5 minutes after prone position (T 3), 10 minutes after prone position (T 4), 30 minutes after prone position (T 5), 45 minutes after prone position (T 6), 60 minutes after prone position (T 7), 90 minutes after prone position (T 8), and 120 minutes after prone position (T 9) were recorded; The total dosage of norepinephrine 2 hours after anesthesia to prone position and extubation time after operation were also recorded. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was performed 15 minutes after extubation, 6 and 24 hours after operation. Results:There was no significant difference in CI between T 3-T 9 and T 2 in group A ( P>0.05); the CI of group B at T 3-T 7 was significantly lower than that at T 2 (all P<0.05); there was no significant difference in CI between T 8-T 9 and T 2 in group B (all P>0.05); There was no significant difference in CI between group A and group B at T 0-T 2 (all P>0.05). The CI of group A at T 3-T 9 was significantly higher than that of group B (all P<0.05); The dosage of norepinephrine in group A was significantly lower than that in group B ( P<0.05); There was no significant difference in HR, MAP, SBP and DBP between the two groups at different time points (all P>0.05); there was also no significant difference in extubation time and VAS scores at 15 minutes, 6 hours and 24 hours after extubation between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Intraoperative application of esketamine can increase CI after prone position and reduce the amount of norepinephrine during lumbar surgery.

Chinese consensus on surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures (2021) / 中华创伤杂志

Traumatic rib fractures are the most common injury in thoracic trauma. Previously，the patients with traumatic rib fractures were mostly treated non-surgically，of which 50%，especially those combined with flail chest presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities and over 30% had long-term disabilities，being unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades，thanks to the development of internal fixation material technology，the surgical treatment of rib fractures has achieved good outcomes. However，there are still some problems in clinical treatment，including inconsistency in surgical treatment and quality control in medical services. The current consensuses on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures published at home and abroad mainly focus on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans，and relevant clinical guidelines abroad lacks progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures in recent years. Therefore，the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to Chinese Medical Association and Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association，in conjunction with national multidisciplinary experts，formulate the Chinese Consensus for Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Rib Fractures（2021）following the principle of evidence-based medicine，scientific nature and practicality. This expert consensus puts forward some clear，applicable，and graded recommendations from aspects of preoperative imaging evaluation，surgical indications，timing of surgery，surgical methods，rib fracture sites for surgical fixation，internal fixation methods and material selections，treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures，in order to provide references for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.

Identification and expression analysis of the DaNAC transcription factor family in Dipsacus asper / 药学学报

italic>NAC transcription factor genes play an important role in regulating plant adversity stress tolerance and secondary metabolism. To explore DaNAC transcription factor participation in the synthesis of asperosaponin Ⅵ in Dipsacus asper, we analyzed the expression of DaNAC genes based on full-length transcriptome data from different tissues (root, stem, leaf, flower, seed) to provide a theoretical foundation for regulating the metabolism of D. asper. RNA-seq data was used to identify open reading frames. Bioinformatic methods were used to identify the conserved domain motifs and construct an evolutionary tree. qRT-PCR was carried out to analyze tissue-specific and adversity-stressed expression. Twenty-nine DaNAC sequences were identified, all of which contain the conserved NAM domain and conserved motif 1 and motif 2 at the N terminal. Five DaNAC genes are closely related to the NAC genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice that are involved in adversity stress and are clustered in the Group Ⅰ subfamily. qRT-PCR revealed that DaNAC genes are differentially expressed between tissues. The expression levels were highest in leaves, followed by roots, stems and petioles, and the lowest in flowers and seeds. Compared with normal growth conditions, the expression of four NAC genes was up-regulated by treatment with low temperature (15 ℃). The expression of three genes (34564NAC2, 33883NAC48, 6727NAC14) was up-regulated and one gene (34480NAC22) was down-regulated by 150 μmol·L-1 MeJA. The results illustrate that the expression of NAC genes is induced by adversity stress, which provides a foundation for further study on the role of NAC family members in adversity stress in D. asper.

Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Sites of Water Extract of Iris halophila Root and Analysis of Its Chemical Constituents / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract of the<italic> Iris halophila</italic> root on lipopolysaccharide（LPS） stimulated RAW264.7 cells and analyze its chemical constituents. Method:The supernatant of YWG prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation was separated by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography to obtain ethanol eluates with different concentrations （YWG，YWG-0%，YWG-20%，YWG-40%，and YWG-60%）. Cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay was used to determine the effects of YWG-0%，YWG-20%，YWG-40%，and YWG-60% on the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Griess assay was employed to detect the nitric oxide （NO） level in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The release of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-<italic>α</italic>，interleukin（IL）-6，IL-10，and IL-1<italic>β</italic> was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. YWG and the elution site with the most robust anti-inflammatory activity were identified and compared by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. Result:Ethanol eluates with different concentrations inhibited the release of NO，TNF-α，IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and IL-6 in the supernatant of LPS induced RAW264.7 cells （<italic>P<</italic>0.05），and promoted the release of IL-10 （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）. YWG-60% displayed a highly significant effect （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. A total of 127 constituents were detected from the comparison of YWG and YWG-60% by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS in the positive and negative ion modes，including 61 flavonoids. YWG-60% contained 25 flavonoids with elevated content as compared with YWG. Conclusion:YWG-60% showed potent anti-inflammatory effect，and the effective anti-inflammatory constituents were presumedly flavonoids. The findings of this study are expected to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the basic research on the medicinal effect of the water extract of YWG.

Effect of Fangji Huangqitang on DBA/1 Mice Collagen Induced Arthritis and Synovial Angiogenesis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Fangji Huangqitang （FJHQT） on collagen induced arthritis （CIA） and synovial angiogenesis in DBA/1 mice. Method:DBA/1 mice were randomly divided into normal group， CIA group and FJHQT group. DBA/1 mice in CIA group and FJHQT group were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant on the first day， and DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant on the 21^st day to establish CIA model. On the day of the second immunization， the drug was given by gavage once a day for 28 days. On the 22^nd day， the arthritis score and other symptoms of CIA mice were observed. On the 49^th day， Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was carried out to observe the angiogenesis in the synovium of CIA mice， the expression of vascular endothelial cell marker platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （CD31） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the synovium of CIA mice were detected. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the mature and immature vessels in the synovium of CIA mice. And the microvascular growth of the rat thoracic aortic ring was induced by VEGF （20 μg·L^-1）. The effects of FJHQT （0.25， 0.5， 1 g·L^-1） at different concentrations were observed under microscope. Result:Compared with the normal group， the inflammation， joints， red and swelling of the inflammatory joints of the CIA group were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The scores of clinical arthritis， the incidence rate， synovial inflammation and angiogenesis were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The density of blood vessels， the positive expression of CD31 and VEGF， the number of immature vessels in synovial membrane were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. And compared with the CIA group， the inflammation， joint swelling， and malformation of the FJHQT group were significantly improved， the clinical arthritis score， incidence rate， synovial inflammation and angiogenesis were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The vascular density， the positive expression of CD31 and VEGF， and the number of immature blood vessels in synovial membrane were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with blank group， VEGF could significantly induce the growth of microvasculature in rat thoracic aortic ring （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with VEGF group， FJHQT（0.25， 0.5， 1 g·L^-1） could significantly inhibit the formation of microvasculature in rat thoracic aortic ring （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:FJHQT can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and condition of CIA mice， reduce the clinical arthritis score and incidence rate，and inhibit the synovial angiogenesis of CIA mice joints and VEGF induced microvascular formation in rat thoracic aortic rings.

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Monitoring Collar for Potential Patients with Viral Pneumonia Based on DA14699 Chip / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to improve the level of epidemic prevention and control, and strengthen the observation and monitoring of potential patients with viral pneumonia in isolated state, a medical intelligent monitoring collar based on DA14699 Bluetooth low-power chip was proposed. DA14699 chip is used as the main controller in the design scheme, and the temperature, cough and location information of potential patients are recorded and analyzed by its high-efficiency wireless multi-core processing ability. The LIS3DH three-axis acceleration sensor is used to judge the cough symptoms. The MLX90640 infrared sensor is used to continuously measure the body temperature. The L218 four frequency GSM / GPRS positioning module is used to complete the rapid and accurate positioning of personnel, so as to realize the comprehensive supervision of the implementation of home isolation measures. DA14699 chip supports Bluetooth BLE5.1 protocol. Epidemic prevention personnel can transmit and read the data recorded in the smart collar from a long distance, and display it directly on the intelligent Bluetooth handheld terminal, effectively avoid the risk of infection caused by close contact. Through the actual test, the monitoring function of the key parameters of the collar is reliable and has high application value.

Effect of compound houttuynia mixture on influenza virus in vitro / 药学学报

Compound houttuynia mixture belongs to OTC class A medicine, which is made from Houttuynia cordata, Scutellaria baicalensis, Radix Isatidis, Forsythia, and Lonicera. As a kind of compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, houttuynia cordata mixture has extensive pharmacological effects, for example, clearing away heat and detoxifying, thus it is used for the sore throat, acute pharyngitis, and tonsillitis with wind-heat syndrome. In this study, the antiviral activity against influenza viruses and the primary mechanism of compound houttuynia mixture was evaluated. The antiviral effect of compound houttuynia mixture was determined by cytopathic effects (CPE), Western blot, quantitive reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and virus titer assays. The effect of houttuynia mixture on the replication cycle of influenza virus was evaluated by time-of-addition assay. In conclusion, the results showed that the compound houttuynia mixture had a broad-spectrum effect against influenza virus, including the international common influenza virus strains, the drug-resistant strains and the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H7N9. It mainly impairs the early stage of the viral replication.

Methyl jasmonate stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of asperosaponin VI in the roots of Dipsacus asper / 药学学报

We investigated the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the content of asperosaponin VI and the expression of genes involved in its synthesis. Dipsacus aspero seedlings were treated with MeJA at different concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 μmol·L-1, and leaves and roots were sampled following treatment for 1, 3 and 5 days. The content of asperosaponin VI and superoxide anion in the roots, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves and superoxide dismutase were determined. The results show that 150 μmol·L-1 MeJA significantly increased the accumulation of asperosaponin VI in roots. The content of asperosaponin VI was greatest after treatment for 3 days, and was 2.16 times higher than the control. After MeJA treatment, SOD activity decreased and MDA content increased in leaves. Moreover, superoxide anion content in roots increased. The expression of squalene epoxidase (DaSE1) and geranyl diphosphate synthase (DaGPS), key enzymes in the synthesis of asperosaponin VI, were up-regulated compared with the control group. These results indicate that an optimal concentration of 150 μmol·L-1 MeJA increases the accumulation of asperosaponin VI by up-regulating the expression of key enzymes involved in the synthesis of asperosaponin VI, which facilitates resistance to adversity stress stimulated by MeJA.

Effects of targeted silencing of PRL-3 gene on proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung cancer cells / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of lentivirus-mediated shRNA silencing of PRL-3 gene on the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer A549 cells and regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway.Methods:Lung cancer A549 cells were transfected with lentiviral interference vector carrying PRL-3 shRNA to build a stable PRL-3-silencing cell line. The cells were divided into blank control group, NC shRNA group (negative control group) and PRL-3 shRNA group (PRL-3 inhibiting RNAi lentivirus group). CCK-8 method, colony formation assay, Transwell and invasion chamber assay were performed to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of A549 cells respectively. The expressions of E-cadherin and Snail mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results:The stable PRL-3-silencing cell line was successfully constructed. The knockdown efficiency of PRL-3 gene in the PRL-3 shRNA group reached 83.5%. CCK-8 method detected the proliferation ability of A549 cells, and the results showed the 24 h absorbance ( A) values of A549 cells in the blank control group, NC shRNA group and PRL-3 shRNA group were 0.296±0.008, 0.342±0.007 and 0.292±0.004, with a statistically significant diffe-rence ( F=106.300, P<0.001), and the PRL-3 shRNA group was significantly lower than the NC shRNA group ( P<0.001); at 48, 72, 96 h after transfection, the cell proliferation abilities of the PRL-3 shRNA group were also significantly inhibited. Colony formation assay showed that the numbers of colony formation in the blank control group, NC shRNA group and PRL-3 shRNA group were 166.7± 6.7, 158.0±6.1 and 119.7±1.5 ( F=67.290, P<0.001). The ability of colony formation of the PRL-3 shRNA group was significantly lower than that of the NC shRNA group ( P<0.001). The numbers of migrated cells in the blank control group, NC shRNA group and PRL-3 shRNA group were 100.0±1.9, 98.8±1.9 and 44.6±7.6 ( F=430.300, P<0.001). The migration ability of the PRL-3 shRNA group was significantly lower than that of the NC shRNA group ( P<0.001). The numbers of invaded cells in the three groups were 117.7±4.1, 113.1±6.6 and 55.6±8.4 ( F=247.200, P<0.001). The invasion ability of the PRL-3shRNA group was significantly lower than that of the NC shRNA group ( P<0.001). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection results showed that after silencing the expression of PRL-3, the relative expression level of E-cadherin mRNA in A549 cells was significantly up-regulated, and the level of Snail mRNA was significantly down-regulated. Conclusion:PRL-3 silencing can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells effectively. PRL-3 may affect the invasion of lung cancer cells through the EMT pathway.

Effect Evaluation of Strychnos nux-vomica L. with Integrative Methods for Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Self-Controlled Clinical Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect and adverse reactions of Strychnos nux-vomica in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#A total of 19 MM patients with BIPN were enrolled and Nux Vomica Capsule (NVC, 0.4 g, thrice daily) were orally administrated for 30 days. Comparative analysis on parameters between pre- and post-therapy, including peripheral neuropathy (PN) grade, neurotoxicity score, Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome score, total neuropathy score (TNS), coagulation function, and serum nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were conducted. The adverse events were monitored.@*RESULTS@#In BIPN of MM patients who received NVC, PN grade was lowered, neurotoxicity score was obviously decreased (P⩽0.01), and both CM syndrome score and TNS were remarkably decreased (P0.05). No evident adverse reactions were observed during the course of treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Strychnos nux-vomica L. has significantly effect with a good safety in treatment of BIPN in MM patients.