ABSTRACT
Kudzu plants in the subfamily sphenoideae of Leguminosae are commonly used herbs in China, Japan, Korea, India and Thailand, with a long history of medicinal use. They are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopeia, Korea Pharmacopeia, Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia of India and Flora of Thailand. There are 15-20 species of Pueraria in the world, including 7 species and 2 varieties in China. At present, there are 6 species with medicinal value, such as Pueraria lobata and P. thomsonii. The main chemical components of the genus are isoflavones, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, coumarins, puerarin glycosides and benzopyrans. A total of 240 compounds have been isolated and identified from this genus, and their pharmacological effects mainly include improvement of the cardiovascular system, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-alcoholic and estrogen-like effects. In this study, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Pueraria at home and abroad were systematically summarized, in order to provide references for the material basis, quality control and further development of Pueraria genus.
Subject(s)
China , Isoflavones/pharmacology , Japan , Plant Roots , Pueraria , Republic of Korea , ThailandABSTRACT
Bufonis Venenum,the dried secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans or B. melanostictus,is toxic and hard with the efficacy of removing toxicity for detumescence and relieving pain. The processing of Bufonis Venenum dates back to the Song dynasty. In addition to the wine-processing,milk-processing and talcum powder-processing,there were some other kinds of processing methods in ancient times,such as baking,calcining,water-soaking and vinegar-processing. Modern studies have shown that the Bufonis Venenum has the main chemical components of bufadienolides,indole alkaloids sterols,and other compounds. It has the pharmacological effects of antitumor,cardiac,antibacterial,and analgesic activities,local anesthesia,and so on. This paper reviews the processing evolution,chemical components and pharmacological effects of Bufonis Venenum,providing references for its special processing and modern research as well as the theoretical basis for the research on its processing mechanism and quality control.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bufanolides/pharmacology , Bufonidae , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Platycodonis Radix, which was first recorded in the Agriculture God's Canon of Materia Medica. It is a multi-functional drug with a wide range of applications. The processing of Platycodonis Radix has been recorded as early as in the Jin dynasty, and has a long history of processing. Today, in addition to the washing, cutting and stir-frying with honey, there have also been more than 20 kinds of processing methods, such as stir-frying with wine, stir-frying with bran, stir-frying with Lilii Bulbus juice and so on. The ancients believed that Platycodonis Radix could enhance the effect of diffusing the lung, promoting pharynx and relieving cough by processing. In terms of the chemical compositions in Platycodonis Radix, more than 100 compositions, like triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, phenols, sterols, polysaccharides and polyacetylenes, have been isolated and identified from it. Among them, triterpenoid saponins are the essential compositions. In addition, Platycodonis Radix has the pharmacological effects of expectorant, antitussive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, etc. The medicinal ingredients of Platycodonis Radix are mainly triterpenoid saponins and polysaccharides. Among them, triterpenoid saponins have diverse biological activities, which lead it to be one of the hotspots of current researches. Platycodonis Radix has a good role in promoting lung and removing phlegm. After being processed, its medicinal effects are enhanced. It is complex and diverse in compositions of Platycodonis Radix so that has rich pharmacological activities. On the basis of sorting out the literature, this paper discusses the processing history, chemical composition and pharmacological effect of Platycodonis Radix, in order to provide reference for the special processing and modern research of Platycodonis Radix. Furtherly, it provides a theoretical basis for the research of its processing mechanism and quality control.
ABSTRACT
Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum is derived from heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera,which is national Ⅱ level of rare and endangered protective plants in China. Its resources are scarce and its price is high. In order to find substitutes of D. odorifera,the chemical constituents of 70% ethanol extract of heartwood of D. catifolia were systematically studied by using silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and semi-preparative HPLC. Sixteen neoflavanoids were isolated and identified as eight dalbergiphenols( 1-8),three dalbergiones( 9-11),two dalbergins( 12,13),two benzophenones( 14,15) and one other type neoflavanoids( 16) based on spectroscopic data analyses and/or comparing the spectroscopic data with those in literature. Among them,compounds 3,7 and 11 were isolated from the genus Dalbergia for the first time,and compounds 2,4-6,8,14 and 15 were isolated from the D. latifolia for the first time. Ten neoflavonoids were both discovered from D. latifolia and D. odorifera.
Subject(s)
Benzophenones , China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dalbergia , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Neoflavonoids are a kind of characteristic components in the Dalbergia genus. Based on the previous researches, 59 neoflavonoids have been obtained from the Dalbergia genus. According to their molecular skeleton, the neoflavonoids can be divided intodalbergiphenols, dalbergiones, dalbergins, benzophenones and other types. Modern research shows that neoflavonoids displayed a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-androgen, anti-allergic, antioxidation etc. This paper reviewed neoflavonoids and their pharmacological functions, which could provide the valuable reference for comprehensive utilization and new drug development in the Dalbergia genus.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Gymnotheca involucrata. Methods: The chemical constituents of G. involucrata were isolated by different column chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified by comprehensive analysis of the spectroscopic data. Results: Six compounds were isolated from G. involucrata. The compounds were identified as gymnothelignan Y3 (1), gymnothelignan Y4 (2), gymnothelignan T (3), gymnothelignan N (4), gymnothelignan O (5), and gymnothelignan M (6). Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from G. involucrata for the first time, and compounds 1 and 2 are two new compounds.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from G. involucrata. Methods: The chemical constituents of G. involucrata were isolated by different column chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified by a comprehensive analysis of the spectroscopic data. Results: Ten compounds were isolated from G. involucrata. The compounds were identified as N-benzoyl-2-hydroxy-2-(4'-hydroxy phenyl)-ethylamine (1), N-benzoyl-2-hydroxy-2-(3',4'-dihydroxy phenyl)-ethylamine (2), 6,9- dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (3), 4-hydroxybenzyl cyanide (4), adenosine (5), hydroxy dihydrobovolide (5-hydroxyl- 3,4-dimethy-5-pentyl-2 (5H)-furanone (6), curculonone A (7), 3α-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (8), gymnothelignan J (9), and gymnothelignan I (10). Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from G. involucrata for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the herbs of Biebersteinia heterostemon. Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by chromatographic methods. The structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses. Results: Ten flavonoids were isolated from the butanol fraction of 95% ethanol extract in B. heterostemon and identified as diomsmin (1), apigenin-7-O-rutinoside (2), chrysoeriol-7-O-sophoroside (3), luteolin-7-rutinoside (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→ 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), apigenin-7-O-sophoroside (6), quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (7), 6-hydroxyluteolin (8), luteoloside (9), and hypolaetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). Conclusion: Compounds 1, 3, 5-8, and 10 are firstly isolated from B. heterostemon.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the stem bark of S. perkinsiae. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by chromatographic methods after solvent extraction and were identified by spectroscopic analyses. Results: Ten lignans were isolated from the stem bark of S. perkinsiae and identified as following: obassioside B (1), lariciresinol 4-O-β-D-glucoside (2), (-)-secoisolariciresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), lariciresinol 4′-O-β-D-glucoside (4), lanicepside A (5), isolariciresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (+)-lariciresinol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), isotachioside (8), 2R*, 3S*-dihydro-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), and pinoresinol (10). Conclusion: Eight compounds (2-9) are isolated from the plants of Styrax Linn. for the first time.