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Objective@#To understand the prevalence and pattern of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) among female medical college students in Shanghai，to provide a basis for menstrual health intervention for female college students.@*Methods@#A total of 912 female medical students from a university in Shanghai were selected through cluster sampling. An anonymous questionnaire survey on menstrual history and related factors was conducted in March 2021.@*Results@#The prevalence of AUB among female medical college students was 39.9%, with cycle disordered and non cycle disordered AUB of 24.7% and 15.2%, respectively. Among female college students with AUB, 21.7% had two or three abnormal menstrual symptoms. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that sleep quality was associated with both types of AUB, and female undergraduates with poorer and poor sleep quality were at increased risk of both cyclic disordered AUB ( OR =2.05) and non cyclic disordered AUB ( OR =2.00). Low BMI ( OR =1.66) and weight gain and loss ( OR =1.76) were associated with cycle disordered AUB. Frequent insomnia ( OR =2.45) was associated with non cyclic disordered AUB( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is common in female college students, female medical college students with AUB have multiple concurrent abnormal bleeding patterns. Factors associated with AUB varied according to the type of AUB, with sleep quality correlates with both types of AUB.
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The First Meeting of the Seventh Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Neurology was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong,China on September 23, 2021. At the meeting, the list of the Seventh Editorial Board and the list of consultants were announced, the work of the magazine in the past 4 years was summarized, and the future work of the editorial board was planned and discussed. Bao Yalin, editor of the Journal Management Department of Chinese Medical Association, Liu Bing, vice president of the Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co., Ltd, Professor Pu Chuanqiang, editor-in-chief of the Seventh Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Neurology, and Professor Cui Liying, honorary editor-in-chief of the Seventh Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Neurology, attended the meeting. Totally about 100 editorial board members attended the meeting offline or online. All staff of the Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Neurology also attended the meeting. The meeting came to a successful conclusion.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between anemia and neuropsychological development in various domains among preschool children in China.@*Methods@#Data came from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children in China, and 3 261 preschool children aged 2-6 years and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study. Parental and child characteristics were obtained by interview administrated questionnaires. Blood hemoglobin(Hb) concentration was determined by Hemocue method. Neuropsychological development quotients were assessed using the Development Scale for Children Aged 0-6 Years(WS/T 580-2017).@*Results@#The average Hb level was (125.23±11.49)g/L and the overall anemia prevalence was 10.30% among preschool children. After adjusting the confounding factors(sex, age, ethnicity, region, feeding mode, maternal status during pregnancy, etc), developmental quotients of gross motor( β=-2.15, 95%CI =-3.89--0.41), fine motor( β=-2.46, 95%CI =-4.12--0.79), adaptive behavior( β=-2.59, 95%CI =-4.42--0.76), language( β=-3.65, 95%CI =-5.53--1.78), personal social behavior( β=-3.11, 95%CI =-4.94--1.28) and full scale( β=-2.79, 95%CI =-4.10--1.49) among children with anemia were significantly lower than non anemic infants( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Anemia was negatively associated with developmental quotient, as well as five domains of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior, language, and personal social behavior in preschool children aged 2-6 years. It is suggested to carry out the work of anemia monitoring and intervention in preschool children to further improve their neuropsychological development.
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Background Arsenic is recognized as a kind of developmental toxicant, which can pass through the placenta barrier and induce health defects in offspring. However, the effects of environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation on the reproductive system of adult male offspring remain unclear. Objective To investigate the impact of environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation on testosterone synthesis and sperm quality in F1 adult male rats. Methods Forty sexually mature Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight, namely control group, low-dose sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) group, middle-dose NaAsO2 group, and high-dose NaAsO2 group. They were mated with sexually mature Wistar male rats in a ratio of 2:1, and the day with presence of a vaginal plug or spermatozoa in the vaginal smear was designated as gestational day 0 (GD0). Pregnant rats were provided drinking water containing 0, 1, 5,, or 25 mg·L−1 NaAsO2 until delivery. At postnatal day 70, the F1 male rats were euthanized. Anogenital distance was measured, testis and epididymis were weighed, and associated organ coefficients were calculated. Epididymal sperm quality was evaluated. The histological changes of testis were observed. The levels of testosterone and estradiol in serum were determined with ELISA kit. The testicular mRNA relative expression levels of key steroidogenic enzymes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein relative expression levels of key steroidogenic enzymes were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the testicular coefficients and epididymis coefficients were increased in the low- and middle-dose groups (P<0.05), and the epididymis coefficient was also increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). As for the percentage of sperm motility, compared to the control group, grade Ⅰ sperm cells were increased in the low-dose group, but significantly decreased in the middle- and high-dose groups; grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ sperm cells were decreased in the low- and high-dose groups; grade Ⅳ sperm cells were significantly increased in the middle- and high-dose groups; all the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in all treated groups (P<0.05), and the serum estradiol levels were significantly decreased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the relative mRNA expression levels of Hsd3β1 and Cyp19a1 were decreased (P<0.05), while those of StAR and Cyp11a1 were increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). In addition, the relative protein expression levels of CYP11A1 were significantly increased in all treated groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation can up-regulate testosterone level and reduce sperm quality, and is a potential risk for reproductive dysfunction in adult male offspring.
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Background The production and consumption of high polar pesticides in China are the largest in the world. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a method with fast analysis, large flux, and high accuracy to determine the residues of these pesticides in food. Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight highly polar pesticides [chlormequat, paraquat, difenzoquat, cyromazine, propamocarb, glyphosate, (aminomethyl)-phosphonic acid, and glufosinate] in vegetables and fruits by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods After comparing various types of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns, and optimizing pH value and buffer concentration of mobile phase, effective chromatographic retention and separation of selected eight pesticides were achieved. Based on the optimization of mass spectrometry under chromatographic conditions, a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) channel of target compounds was established. In the sample pretreatment, through optimization of water content, extraction solvent, and purification method, a final MRM mode of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for detection, and the isotope internal standard method was used for quantification. The accuracy and the precision of the method were evaluated using recovery and relative standard deviation. The established method was applied to detect 57 samples of retail vegetables and fruits to investigate the adaptability of the proposed method and the residual levels of selected high polar pesticides. Results For positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) detection, we chose Sielc Obelisc R as chromatographic column, and 20 mmol·L−1 ammonium formate solution (pH=3±0.05) and acetonitrile as mobile phase; for negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI−) detection, we chose Shodex Asahipak NH2P-50 2D as chromatographic column, and 5 mmol·L−1 ammonium acetate solution (pH=11±0.05) and acetonitrile as mobile phase to obtain good chromatographic separation and peak shape. Under the optimal conditions of sample water content standardization, using 2% acidified methanol as extraction solvent, and C18 dispersed solid phase extraction purification, the linearity ranges of five analytes (chlormequat, paraquat, difenzoquat, cyromazine, and propamocarb) and three analytes [glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and glufosinate] were 1.00-100 μg·L−1 and 5.00-500 μg·L−1 (both correlation coefficients>0.999) respectively, the detection limits were 0.002-0.010 mg·kg−1, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005-0.025 mg·kg−1. At three spiked levels (LOQ, 2LOQ, and 5LOQ), the recoveries were in the range of 85.3%–113.2%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.5%–9.5% (n=6). Three target pesticides (chlormequat, cyromazine, and propamocarb) were detected in 57 samples of retail vegetables and fruits, and the residue of chlormequat in cowpea exceeded the maximum residue limit. Conclusion The established method of HILIC combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotopic internal standard quantification has the characteristics of simplicity, stability, and easy operation, which is suitable for rapid screening and quantitative detection of selected eight high polar pesticide residues in large quantities of vegetables and fruits, and provides technical support for monitoring and risk assessment of high polar pesticide residues.
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Objective:To understand the iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules among children in Suqian City, and to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From May 2019 to July 2020, the counties (districts) in Suqian City were divided into 5 areas according to east, west, south, north, and middle, each area selected 1 township (street) every year, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years were selected (balanced age and gender) from 1 primary school from each township (street). Children's urine samples and household salt samples were collected to detect urinary iodine and salt iodine contents, and some children were subjected to thyroid examination and height and weight measurements.Results:A total of 1 999 urine samples were collected from children aged 8 to 10 years, and the median urinary iodine was 221.0 μg/L. There was a statistically significant difference among different counties (districts, H = 147.89, P < 0.05). A total of 1 999 edible salt samples were collected from children's homes, and the salt iodine content was (24.01 ± 4.55) mg/kg. Among them, iodized salts was 1 979, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.00%; the qualified iodized salts was 1 910, and the iodized salt qualified rate was 96.51%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 95.55%. A total of 1 000 cases of children's thyroid were examined, and 22 cases of goiter, 51 cases of solid thyroid nodules, and 54 cases of thyroid cyst were detected, and the detection rates were 2.20%, 5.10%, and 5.40%, respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rates of solid nodules and cysts beteen different counties (districts, χ 2 = 16.41, 37.66 , P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the detection rates of goiter (χ 2 = 8.65 , P > 0.05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, children's thyroid volume was positively correlated with height and weight ( r = 0.403, 0.315, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of children in Suqian City is at an excessively suitable level of iodine, and the salt iodine monitoring indicators meet the national iodine deficiency disorders elimination standards (the coverage rate of iodized salt ≥ 95%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt > 90%). The children's thyroid volume is affected by factors such as height and weight.
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OBJECTIVE@#Moxibustion, a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat model of DOR and explores the possible mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, DOR, moxibustion (MOX), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The DOR rat model was established by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg Tripterygium glycoside suspension (TGS), once daily for 14 days. MOX and HRT treatments were given from the day TGS administration was initiated. The ovarian reserve function was evaluated by monitoring the estrus cycle, morphological changes in ovaries, levels of serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), pregnancy rate and embryo numbers. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end-labeling staining was used to identify ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, while the protein and mRNA expressions of Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) in ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the DOR group, MOX improved the disordered estrous cycle, promoted follicular growth, reduced the number of atresia follicles, increased the concentrations of serum E2 and AMH, and decreased serum FSH and LH concentrations. More importantly, the pregnancy rate and embryo numbers in DOR rats were both upregulated in the MOX treatment group, compared to the untreated DOR model. Further, we found that the MOX group had reduced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced expression of Bax. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was triggered by the moxibustion treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion improved ovarian function and suppressed apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in a rat model of DOR induced by TGS, and the mechanism may involve the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Luteinizing Hormone , Moxibustion , Ovarian Reserve , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Pregnancy , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/geneticsABSTRACT
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide produced primarily in the hypothalamus and plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian birth and lactation. It has been shown that oxytocin has important cardiovascular protective effects. Here we investigated the effects of oxytocin on vascular reactivity and underlying the mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and in rat aorta ex vivo. Oxytocin increased phospho-eNOS (Ser 1177) and phospho-Akt (Ser 473) expression in HUVECs in vitro and the aorta of rat ex vivo. Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), inhibited oxytocin-induced Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. In the rat aortic rings, oxytocin induced a biphasic vascular reactivity: oxytocin at low dose (10-9–10-8 M) initiated a vasorelaxation followed by a vasoconstriction at high dose (10-7 M). L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), endothelium removal or wortmannin abolished oxytocin-induced vasorelaxation, and slightly enhanced oxytocin-induced vasoconstriction. Atosiban, an oxytocin/ vasopressin 1a receptor inhibitor, totally blocked oxytocin-induced relaxation and vasoconstriction. PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) partially inhibited oxytocin-induced vasoconstriction. Oxytocin also increased aortic phospho-ERK1/2 expression, which was reduced by either atosiban or PD98059, suggesting that oxytocin-induced vasoconstriction was partially mediated by oxytocin/V1aR activation of ERK1/2. The present study demonstrates that oxytocin can activate different signaling pathways to cause vasorelaxation or vasoconstriction. Oxytocin stimulation of PI3K/eNOS-derived nitric oxide may participate in maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and different vascular reactivities to low or high dose of oxytocin suggest that oxytocin may have different regulatory effects on vascular tone under physiological or pathophysiological conditions.
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OBJECT IVE To develop a rapid health technology assessment （rHTA）methodology of drugs based on evidence integration and value judgment ，which is suitable for China ’s national conditions. METHODS The literature review was adopted to study health technology assessment （HTA）and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA），and then rHTA method based on China ’s condition was formulated preliminarily with anti-tumor drugs ；the method of rHTA was demonstrated by expert consultation ； finally，the feasibility of rHTA was preliminarily verified taking the drugs for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer as an example. RESULTS Established rHTA method combined the theory and principles of HTA and MCDA ：HTA method was used to guide the collection and synthesis of literature and real-world evidence ，while MCDA made the value measurements of achievable evidences by various stakeholders from different views ；it established the working process ，evaluation dimensions ，evaluation indicators and scoring system of rHTA. The feasibility of this method was verified by the drug example of treating non-small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS A set of drug-driven rHTA methodology guidance based on HTA and MCDA is established. It can quickly collect and integrate evidence ，and provide evidence support for decision makers in a short time.
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Objective@#To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development.@*Methods@#Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels.@*Results@#Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health ( 40.4 %), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master s degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and countylevel personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.
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Objective@#To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development.@*Methods@#Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels.@*Results@#Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health ( 40.4 %), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master s degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and countylevel personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.
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Objective:To identify 24 <italic>Rana</italic> species such as <italic>Rana dybowskii</italic> by mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I （<italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ） gene-based DNA barcoding and build the neighbour-joining （NJ） tree for hierarchical cluster analysis， so as to provide a basis for the identification and classification of <italic>Rana</italic> species as well as the discovery of new species. Method:<italic>R. dybowskii</italic>， <italic>R. chensinensis</italic>， <italic>R. amurensis</italic>， <italic>R. culaiensi</italic>s， and <italic>R. huanrenesis</italic>， ten for each species， were collected for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification<italic> </italic>and sequencing. A total of 50 <italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ gene sequences were obtained. Then 163 <italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ gene sequences for 24 species of <italic>Rana</italic> and one <italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ gene sequence for <italic>Pelophylax</italic>，<italic> Odorrana</italic>， <italic>Nidirana</italic>， <italic>Hylarana</italic>， and <italic>Amolops</italic> were harvested from GenBank. After sequence alignment by MEGA X， the parsimony-informative sites of <italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ gene sequences were analyzed and the intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were calculated， followed by the built of NJ tree and hierarchical cluster analysis. Result:The <italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ gene sequences of 24<italic> Rana</italic> species including <italic>R. dybowskii</italic> were 554 bp in length and there were 210 parsimony-informative sites in total. The intraspecific genetic distance of each species was smaller than 2%. Except that the interspecific genetic distance between <italic>R. sangzhiensis</italic> and <italic>R. zhengi</italic> was 0.004， the genetic distances between the other species ranged from 0.024 to 0.228. <italic>R. sangzhiensis</italic> and <italic>R. zhengi</italic> were clustered into one branch and some <italic>R. dybowskii</italic> and <italic>R. uenoi</italic> into one branch. There were two separate branches for <italic>R. chensinensis</italic> and the other species were all clustered independently. Conclusion:<italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ-based DNA barcoding enabled the identification of 24 species of <italic>Rana</italic> including <italic>R.dybowskii</italic>. The findings supported that <italic>R. sangzhiensis</italic>， <italic>R. zhengi</italic>， <italic>R. coreana</italic>， and <italic>R. kunyuensis</italic> were the same species. One branch of <italic>R. chensinensis </italic>might be one of the four undownloaded species in Ranidae or a new species. The results have demonstrated that <italic>CO</italic>Ⅰ-based DNA barcoding allows not only the identification of 24 species of Rana including <italic>R. dybowskii </italic>but also the classification of ranidae species and the discovery of new species or subspecies.
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Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Yanghe Huayantang in reversing the drug resistance of breast cancer by observing the effect of Yanghe Huayantang on the transplant tumor of tamoxifen （TAM）-resistant breast cancer and its influences on the interaction pathway of estrogen receptor （ER）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian rapamycin target protein （mTOR）. Method:Fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups： blank group， model group， Yanghe Huayantang group， everolimus group， and Yanghe Huayantang+everolimus group. The model of kidney deficiency was established by bilateral ovariectomy， and the blank group was treated with sham operation. Three days after the establishment of the model， all the five groups of mice were inoculated with breast cancer TAM drug-resistant cells （MCF-7/TAM<sup>-</sup>） to establish breast cancer TAM -resistant transplanted tumor model. After successful modeling， Yanghe Huayantang group received intragastric administration of Yanghe Huayantang （traditional Chinese medicine preparation 20 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， everolimus group received intraperitoneal injection of everolimus （10 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）. Yanghe Huayantang + everolimus group received Yanghe Huayantang by intragastric administration and everolimus by intraperitoneal injection. The blank group and model group received intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection of phosphate buffer （PBS）. Drug administration was lasted for 28 days in all groups， once a day. After administration， the tumor tissue was separated and weighed， and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of tumor tissue. Immunofluorescence and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the expression of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， ER protein and mRNA in tumor tissue. Result:Compared with the model group， the tumor volume and tumor weight of Yanghe Huayantang group decreased significantly on the 12th， 20th and 28th days （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the tumor inhibition rate increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.01）.Yanghe Huayantang group significantly reduced the density of tumor cells and caused tumor cell necrosis. Compared with the model group， Yanghe Huayantang group， everolimus group and Yanghe Huayantang+everolimus group inhibited the expression of PI3K， Akt， mTOR protein and mRNA （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the blank group， Yanghe Huayantang group， everolimus group and Yanghe Huayantang+everolimus group all inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of ER， and mRNA expression of ER in Yanghe Huayantang+everolimus group was significantly lower than that in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Yanghe Huayantang can inhibit the growth of TAM-resistant breast cancer. The mechanism may be that Yanghe Huayantang can reverse the TAM resistance of breast cancer by down-regulating the expression of key molecules of ER/PI3K/Akt/mTOR cross-signal pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the association between sleep quality and the risk of acute exacerbation in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. Methods:This was a prospective study involving eligible mild and moderate COPD patients from 10 communities randomly selected in Pudong New District of Shanghai. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics， clinical information and information on acute exacerbation. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） in Chinese. Multiple negative binomial regression was used to estimate the association between sleep quality and risk of exacerbation. Results:Altogether 212 mild/moderate COPD patients participated and completed the entire survey， of whom the majority （95.8%） were mild COPD patients， 110 persons female and over half （54.2%） over 65 years old. 32.9% of the patients had poorer sleep quality at baseline. 18.9% of the patients reported exacerbation over the past year during follow-ups. Multiple negative binomial regression suggested that increased PSQI was related to higher risk of exacerbation （RRad=1.12， 95%CI：1.02-1.24）， and patients with poorer sleep efficiency had a higher risk of exacerbation （RRad=1.66， 95%CI：1.17-5.43）. Conclusion:Poorer sleep quality is associated with a higher risk of exacerbation in community mild/moderate COPD patients， especially in those with problem of sleep efficiency. More attention to sleep disorders is warranted in community management or self-management of patients with COPD.
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Objective@#To investigate the correlation between takeaway food consumption and poor sleep status of college students in Jiangxi Province, to provide a theoretical basis for poor sleep prevention and intervention among college students.@*Methods@#A total of 2 610 college students were selected from a university in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province by cluster stratified random sampling in May of 2018. The frequency and type of takeaway food consumption, sleep quality and drowsiness were investigated.@*Results@#The detection rate of takeaway food consumption behavior(≥4 times in a week) for college students was 74.8%. The detection rates of poor sleep quality and drowsiness were 17.0% and 18.3%, respectively. The difference of sleep quality was statistically significant with sex, college, different self rated family conditions, study burden, physical activity level, depression and daily smoking ( χ 2=4.33，8.67，23.14，39.03，12.89，313.37，15.23， P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences between drowsiness and college, grade, learning burden, physical activity and depression ( χ 2=12.81，6.57，20.61，8.42，228.06， P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that takeaway consumption (≥4 times in a week) had statistical significance with poor sleep quality and drowsiness ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#College students takeaway consumption (≥4 times in a week) of rice noodles, malatang, fragrant pot hot pot increase the risk of poor sleep. It is suggested that schools should strengthen nutrition and health education for college students.
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By searching the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and moxibustion from CNKI since its inception date to december 31 of 2019, the development status and hot trend of RCTs of acupuncture and moxibustion in China were summarized. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to perform keyword co-occurrence analysis, clustering analysis, time-zone analysis and citation-burst analysis, and visual map was drawn. As a result, a total of 60 995 articles were included, which were published in 1027 academic journals with 1787 keywords. The publication date was from 1975 to 2019. During the past 45 years, the publications of RCTs on acupuncture and moxibustion had shown an overall growth trend with characteristics of the times. The RCTs of manual acupuncture ranked the top, and its proportion of publications every 5 years was stable in the past 30 years. Since 1994, the hot words such as electroacupuncture, warming needling, auricular point sticking and various acupoint therapies had emerged; meanwhile, the spectrum of diseases had broadened, and an evolutionary trend corresponding to therapies and disease systems had been formed. In recent decade, the RCTs using moxibustion therapy have increased significantly, and the hot words such as "sub-health" "winter diseases being treated in summer" and "acupoint application/ moxibustion during the dog days" had indicated that acupuncture clinical research was further inclined to the field of chronic disease prevention and health services, which was in line with social development and the needs of the times.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Moxibustion , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical value of heparin binding protein (HBP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia.Methods:Eighty eight patients with pulmonary infection from the respiratory department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled in the study, including 48 cases of bacterial pneumonia and 40 cases of non-bacterial pneumonia; meanwhile, 40 non-pulmonary infection patients were also enrolled as the control group. The BALF levels of HBP, procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured, and the clinical values of the above indexes in differential diagnosis of bacterial and non-bacterial pneumonia were analyzed.Results:The BALF levels of HBP and IL-6 in bacterial pneumonia group were significantly higher than those of the non-bacterial pneumonia group and the control group ( P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) of HBP and IL-6 were 0.930 and 0.893 for the early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia; and the sensitivity was 88.5% and 82.7%, the specificity was 92.5% and 92.5%, respectively. Combined detection of HBP and IL-6, the AUC was 0.942 and the sensitivity was 94.2% and the specificity was 95.0%. When they were used to distinguish bacterial pneumonia, the AUC of HBP and IL-6 were 0.890 and 0.777, and the sensitivities were 80.8% and 71.2%, and the specificity were 91.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Combined detection of HBP and IL-6, the AUC was 0.902, and the sensitivity was 96.2% and the specificity was 79.2%. Conclusions:BALF HBP and IL-6 have good clinical value in the early diagnosis and distinguishing bacterial pulmonary infection and the joint value of the two is better.
ABSTRACT
RNA viruses cause a multitude of human diseases, including several pandemic events in the past century. Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays a key role in activating the adaptive immune system. In the innate immune system, the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host pattern recognition receptors activate multiple signaling pathways in immune cells and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons to elicit antiviral responses. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are the principal innate immune components that exert antiviral activities. In this review, the current understanding of innate immunity contributing to the restriction of RNA viral infections was briefly summarized. Besides the main role of immune cells in combating viral infection, the intercellular transfer of pathogen and host-derived materials and their epigenetic and metabolic interactions associated with innate immunity was discussed. This knowledge provides an enhanced understanding of the innate immune response to RNA viral infections in general and aids in the preparation for the existing and next emerging viral infections.
Subject(s)
Humans , Immunity, Innate , Interferons , RNA , RNA Viruses , Virus DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the impact of occupational ionizing radiation exposure on blood indicators including white blood cell（ WBC）， red blood cell （RBC）， hemoglobin （Hb）， platelet （PLT） were analyzed. Methods:A total of 237 medical radiation workers in Yangpu district， Shanghai were recruited and divided into observation group and control group， according to individual average dose of external exposure. The annual effective dose in observation group was 0.357 7-4.704 3 mSv， and the median dose was 0.536 8 mSv （0.441 2-0.893 8）. The annual effective dose in control group was 0.031 2-0.350 8 mSv， and the median dose was 0.199 2 mSv （0.143 8-0.252 8）. Routine blood tests were conducted twice in the occupational health examinations from 2017 to 2019 and the results were collected. Chi-square test， Mann-Whitney U test， and generalized estimating equations （GEE） model were used for statistical analysis. Results:Compared to the first examination， the risk of having abnormal Hb increased （OR=1.029， 95%CI： 1.006-1.053）. After adjusting the factors of age， gender， seniority and exposure time， the risk of Hb abnormality in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （OR=0.422， 95%CI：0.198-0.898）. There was no significant difference between the observation and control groups in the risk of abnormal WBC， RBC， and PLT. Conclusion:Exposure to occupational ionizing radiation may increase the risk of abnormal Hb， while there is no significant change in WBC， RBC and PLT. Radiation workers should have full protection at work and be under appropriate occupational health management.
ABSTRACT
Acetaminophen (APAP, also known as paracetamol)-induced liver injury is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury in the world. Wuzhi Tablet (WZ, an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera) is widely used in clinical practice to protect liver function. Our previous studies have shown that pretreatment with WZ for 3 days can significantly protect against APAP-induced liver injury; however, the effect of different intervals between APAP and WZ treatment on APAP-induced liver injury remains unclear. In this study, the change in liver injury indexes, APAP metabolites, and the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes after treatment with WZ and APAP at different intervals were determined. The animal experiment was reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University. The results show that 0 h, 0.5 h, and 2 h pretreatment with WZ significantly protected against APAP-induced liver injury in mice, as evidenced by a significant decrease in biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malonaldehyde (MDA). WZ inhibited the metabolic activation of APAP mediated by CYP450 enzymes and reduced the formation of APAP metabolites. This study further demonstrates that pretreatment with WZ at different intervals (0 h, 0.5 h, and 2 h before APAP dosing) exerts a significant hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced liver injury, and a single-dose of WZ inhibits the activity of CYP450 enzymes related to APAP metabolic activation, thereby protecting against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.