DNA Polymerase θ: a Multifunctional and Error-prone DNA End Repair Enzyme / 生物化学与生物物理进展

DNA polymerase theta (Polθ), also known as DNA polymerase θ, is the member of the DNA polymerase A family and plays a crucial role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Polθ has 3 distinct structural domains: the N-terminal helicase-like domain with a conserved sequence, the C-terminal polymerase domain, and the central domain, which is a disordered sequence connecting these two regions. Notably, Polθ is the only known polymerase in eukaryotes that possesses helicase activity. However, it is also an error-prone polymerase. When DNA DSBs occur, a specialized network consisting of at least 4 pathways, including classical-non homologous end joining (C-NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), single-strand annealing (SSA), and alternative-end joining (Alt-EJ), is responsible for repairing DNA damage caused by DSBs. In the absence of major DNA repair pathways like HR, cells rely on Alt-EJ pathway mediated by Polθ to repair damaged DNA and maintain genomic stability. Nevertheless, due to the low fidelity of Polθ, Alt-EJ repair often leads to errors. Depletion of Polθ has shown to increases DSB formation and compromise genomic stability. Conversely, overexpression of Polθ has been associated with increases DNA damage markers and impairs cell cycle progression. As a result, the impact of Polθ on genome stability remains controversial. Furthermore, overexpression of Polθ is frequently observed in cancer and is associated with a characteristic mutational signature and poor prognosis. Depleting Polθ in an HR-deficient background has been shown to impair cell viability, suggesting a synthetic lethal (SL) relationship between Polθ and HR factors. In recent years, targeted chemotherapy drugs that inhibit tumor growth have gained significant attention. However, off-target effects and drug resistance pose challenges for clinical application, particularly with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi). Blocking Polθ activity in HR-deficient tumor cells has been found to reverse PARPi resistance, making Polθ a very promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The availability of crystal structures for both helicase and polymerase domain has facilitated the design of potent inhibitors of Polθ. Currently, several highly specific and effective small molecule inhibitors targeting Polθ, such as Novobiocin, RP-6685, and ART558, have been reported to effectively block various cancers with HR deficiency. The initial success of these inhibitors points to new directions for treating BRCA1/2-mutated tumors. Additionally, reducing the Alt-EJ repair pathway mediated by Polθ can improve HR repair efficiency and increase the chance of exogenous gene target integration (TI), suggesting potential new applications for Polθ inhibitors. This article reviews the recent research progress on the molecular function of Polθ and its involvement in the Alt-EJ pathway modification mechanism, providing insights for a deeper understanding of this field.

Ureteroscope/flexible combined with balloon in the treatment of ureteral stricture with stones in transplanted kidney: a report of 9 cases in a single center / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscope or flexible ureteroscope combined with balloon dilatation in the treatment of ureteral stricture with renal calculi in transplanted kidney. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 9 patients treated in our hospital during 2016 and 2022 were reviewed. The changes of the width of hydronephrosis, levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, reoperation, and re-dwelling of stents were analyzed. 【Results】 One patient failed the operation because the guide wire could not be inserted, and the other 8 patients successfully completed the surgery. The stents were removed 6 to 8 weeks after surgery. During the follow-up of 8 to 48 months, no recurrence of renal calculi occurred; 5 patients had no recurrence of ureteral stricture; 3 patients (cases 4, 6, 9) underwent regular ureteral stent replacement due to hydronephrosis; the width of hydronephrosis, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of 8 patients were significantly improved (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Ureteroscope/flexible with balloon dilatation is safe and effective in the treatment of transplanted kidney with ureteral stricture and kidney stones.

Prognostic Model Based on Preoperative FAR and SII Versus TNM Staging System in Evaluating Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer After Radical Resection / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) on the postoperative prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods An ROC curve was used in determining the best cutoff values of FAR and SII and then grouped. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in analyzing the prognostic factors of radical pancreatic cancer surgery, and then a Nomogram prognostic model was established. C-index, AUC, and calibration curve were used in evaluating the discrimination and calibration ability of the Nomogram. DCA curves were used in assessing the clinical validity of the Nomograms. Results The optimal cutoff values for preoperative FAR and SII were 0.095 and 532.945, respectively. FAR≥ 0.095, SII≥ 532.945, CA199≥ 450.9 U/ml, maximum tumor diameter≥ 4 cm, and the absence of postoperative chemotherapy were independent risk factors for the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer (P<0.05). The discrimination ability, calibration ability, and clinical effectiveness of Nomogram prognostic model were better than those of the TNM staging system. Conclusion The constructed Nomogram prognostic model has higher accuracy and level of discrimination and more clinical benefits than the TNM staging prognostic model.

Application of ALK antibody clone 1A4 in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer with ALK fusion / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore the application value of ALK(1A4)in ALK fused non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 1 035 NSCLC specimens were collected.The expression of ALK(1A4)and ALK(D5F3)antibodies was detected by immunohistochemical(IHC)staining,and their consistency was analyzed.FISH and next-generation sequencing(NGS)were used to detect ALK positive,and the sensitivity and specificity of ALK in the two groups were evaluated.Results ALK fused NSCLC patients accounted for about 5.4％(56/1 035).The positive rate of ALK(1A4)was 7.2％(75/1 035),and that of ALK(D5F3)was 5.7％(59/1 035).The consistency between them was high,with a Kappa value of 0.874.The consistency of ALK(1A4)and ALK(D5 F3)antibodies with FISH was high,with Kappa values of 0.845 and 0.954,respectively.The consisten-cy of ALK(1A4)and ALK(D5F3)with NGS was also high,with Kappa values of 0.836 and 0.988,respectively.According to the FISH results,the sensitivities of ALK(1A4)and ALK(D5F3)antibodies were 100％and 98.2％,and the specifici-ties were 98.1％and 99.6％,respectively.Conclusion ALK(1A4)antibody has high sensitivity and slightly low specificity,and can be used for clinical screening of ALK fused NSCLC.

The predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio combined with platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio scoring model for prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after radical resection / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) combined with platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (LMR-PLR) scoring model for prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after radical resection.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 116 patients with PDAC who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected. There were 73 males and 43 females, aged 61.5(range, 29.0-75.0)years. All patients underwent radical resection for PDAC. Observation indicators: (1) optimal cut-off value of LMR and PLR; (2) clinicopathological features of patients with different scores of preoperative LMR-PLR scoring model; (3) follow-up and survival; (4) influencing factors for prognosis of PDAC patients; (5) construction and verification of nomogram prediction model. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Graphpad prism 8 was used to draw survival curve, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate, and the Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. The COX proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. The X-tile software was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of LMR and PLR. The nomogram prediction model was conducted based on the results of multivariate analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. The area under curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the discrimination of nomogram prediction model. The calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency of nomogram prediction model and the decision curve was used to evaluate the clinical benefits. Results:(1) Optimal cut-off value of LMR and PLR. The optimal cut-off values of LMR and PLR were 1.9 and 156.3. (2) Clinicopathological features of patients with different scores of preoperative LMR-PLR scoring model. Cases with LMR-PLR scoring as 0, 1, 2 were 11, 42, 63. Cases with CA125 <12.4 U/mL, cases postoperative with vascular invasion, cases with postoperative chemotherapy in patients with 0, 1, 2 of LMR-PLR scoring were 1, 8, 24, 9, 27, 27, 3, 26, 43, showing significant differences among them ( χ2=6.73, 8.37, 6.68, P<0.05). (3) Follow-up and survival. All 116 patients were followed up for 39(range, 2-86)months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rate of 116 PDAC patients was 50.9%, 37.9%, 19.3%, respectively, with a survival time of 13(range, 1-85)months. The survival time of patients with LMR-PLR scoring as 0, 1, 2 was 3(range, 1-9)months, 7(range, 2-56)months, 26(range, 2-85)months, respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( χ2=48.78, P<0.05). (4) Influencing factors for prognosis of PDAC patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, LMR-PLR score, tumor diameter were independent factors affecting prognosis of patients ( hazard ratio=1.61, 1.88, 0.27, 1.87, 95% confidence interval as 1.02-2.54, 1.18-3.00, 0.19-0.39, 1.13-3.09, P<0.05). (5) Construction and verification of nomogram prediction model. The nomogram prediction model was constructed based on CEA, CA19-9, LMR-PLR score and tumor diameter. The AUC of ROC curve in predicting 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rate of patients was 0.86 (95% confidence interval as 0.79-0.93, P<0.05), 0.86 (95% confidence interval as 0.79-0.92, P<0.05), 0.87 (95% confidence interval as 0.78-0.95, P<0.05), respectively. Results of calibration curve showed that the predicted survival rate of nomogram prediction model was consistent with the actual survival rate, with the consistency index as 0.74. Results of decision curve showed that the predictive performance of nomogram prediction model was superior to that of a single factor at a risk threshold of 0.12-0.85. Conclusions:CEA, CA19-9, LMR-PLR score, tumor diameter are independent factors affecting prognosis of patients undergoing radical resection for PDAC, and the nomogram prediction model can predict postoperative survival rate. The predicted survival rate of nomogram prediction model is consistent with the actual survival rate, and the predictive performance of nomogram prediction model is superior to that of a single factor at a risk threshold of 0.12-0.85.

Efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma. Methods: A total of 296 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ cutaneous orlimb melanoma at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Electric Power Hospital between 2017 and 2021 and received adjuvant PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, low-dose interferon (IFN), or observational follow-up were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (164 cases) and the IFN or observation group (IFN/OBS group, 132 cases) based on postoperative adjuvant treatment methods. Patients' disease recurrence and survival were observed. Results: Among the 296 patients, 77 had cutaneous melanoma and 219 had limb melanoma; 110 were stage Ⅱ and 186 were stage Ⅲ. Among stage Ⅱ patients, the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (46 cases) did not reach, while the median RFS in the IFN/OBS group (64 cases) was 36 months. The 1-year RFS rates were 85.3% and 92.1% and the 2-year RFS rates were 71.9% and 63.7% in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.394). Among stage Ⅲ patients, the median RFS rates in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (118 cases) and the IFN/OBS group (68 cases) were 23 and 13 months, respectively. The 1-year RFS rates were 70.0% and 51.8% and the 2-year RFS rates were 51.8% and 35.1%in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.010). Stratified analysis showed that the advantage of PD-1 monoclonal antibody adjuvant therapy in improving RFS persisted in the subgroups of primary ulceration (HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.348-0.893), lymph node macroscopic metastasis (HR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.285-0.828), stage ⅢC (HR=0.389, 95% CI: 0.24-0.63), and the subgroup without BRAF/c-Kit/NRAS gene mutations (HR=0.347, 95% CI: 0.171-0.706). In terms of recurrence patterns, in stage Ⅱ patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 15.2% (7/46) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, significantly lower than the IFN/OBS group [43.8% (28/64), P=0.002]. In stage Ⅲ melanoma patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 42.4% (50/118) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, also lower than the IFN/OBS group [63.2% (43/68), P=0.006]. Conclusions: In real-world settings, compared with patients receiving low-dose IFN adjuvant therapy or observational follow-up, PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy can reduce the recurrence and metastasis rate of cutaneous and limb melanoma, and prolong the postoperative RFS of stage Ⅲ cutaneous and limb melanoma patients. Patients with a heavier tumor burden benefit more from immunotherapy.

Efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma. Methods: A total of 296 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ cutaneous orlimb melanoma at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Electric Power Hospital between 2017 and 2021 and received adjuvant PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, low-dose interferon (IFN), or observational follow-up were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (164 cases) and the IFN or observation group (IFN/OBS group, 132 cases) based on postoperative adjuvant treatment methods. Patients' disease recurrence and survival were observed. Results: Among the 296 patients, 77 had cutaneous melanoma and 219 had limb melanoma; 110 were stage Ⅱ and 186 were stage Ⅲ. Among stage Ⅱ patients, the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (46 cases) did not reach, while the median RFS in the IFN/OBS group (64 cases) was 36 months. The 1-year RFS rates were 85.3% and 92.1% and the 2-year RFS rates were 71.9% and 63.7% in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.394). Among stage Ⅲ patients, the median RFS rates in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (118 cases) and the IFN/OBS group (68 cases) were 23 and 13 months, respectively. The 1-year RFS rates were 70.0% and 51.8% and the 2-year RFS rates were 51.8% and 35.1%in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.010). Stratified analysis showed that the advantage of PD-1 monoclonal antibody adjuvant therapy in improving RFS persisted in the subgroups of primary ulceration (HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.348-0.893), lymph node macroscopic metastasis (HR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.285-0.828), stage ⅢC (HR=0.389, 95% CI: 0.24-0.63), and the subgroup without BRAF/c-Kit/NRAS gene mutations (HR=0.347, 95% CI: 0.171-0.706). In terms of recurrence patterns, in stage Ⅱ patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 15.2% (7/46) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, significantly lower than the IFN/OBS group [43.8% (28/64), P=0.002]. In stage Ⅲ melanoma patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 42.4% (50/118) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, also lower than the IFN/OBS group [63.2% (43/68), P=0.006]. Conclusions: In real-world settings, compared with patients receiving low-dose IFN adjuvant therapy or observational follow-up, PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy can reduce the recurrence and metastasis rate of cutaneous and limb melanoma, and prolong the postoperative RFS of stage Ⅲ cutaneous and limb melanoma patients. Patients with a heavier tumor burden benefit more from immunotherapy.

The clinical characteristics and management strategy of non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fractures / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies and clinical results of non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture.Methods:A total of 25 cases of non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture patients were collected, including 12 males and 13 females, aged 27-79 years with an average age of 51±15 years. Causes of injury: 18 cases of traffic accident, 2 cases of heavy injury, 5 cases of falling injury. Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fracture: 4 cases of type II, 5 cases of type IV, 13 cases of type V, 3 cases of type VI. Three columns theoretical classification: 4 cases of simple lateral column, 5 cases of simple medial column, 7 cases of medial column+lateral columns, 9 cases of three columns. Preoperative tibial plateau posterior slope angle was -10-0 degrees, average-5.2 degrees. Preoperative MRI showed 5 cases of medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury, 3 cases of posterolateral complex (PLC) complex injury, 2 cases of PLC+ posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury and 10 cases of menisci injury. The change of tibial plateau posterior slope angle was more than 10 degrees in patients with ligament injury, 5 patients had a tibial plateau posterior slope angle change more than 15 degrees, 5 patients had a tibial plateau posterior slope angle change more than 10 degrees, and the patients with a tibial plateau posterior slope angle change less than 10 degrees had no ligament injury; 6 patients with simple lateral column or medial column fracture had a ligament injury, 2 patients with medial column+lateral column fracture had a ligament injury, and 2 patients with three column fracture had a ligament injury.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-24 months, with an average of 16.4 months. The operation time was 124±33 min (65-180 min), and the bleeding volume was 106±48 ml (20-200 ml). All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. According to the characteristics of fracture, targeted reduction of articular surface and restoration of lower limb force line were carried out. The plate was placed on the anterior part of tibial plateau to fix the fracture fragment. Evaluation of postoperative fracture reduction: 20 cases were anatomic reduction, 5 cases were good reduction (between 2-5 mm articular surface collapse), and the excellent rate of fracture reduction was 100%. Internal fixation: 4 cases were treated with simple lateral plate, 2 cases with simple medial plate, 15 cases with medial+ lateral plate, 1 case with medial plate+ lateral anchor suture, 1 case with medial plate+ posterior screw, 1 case with lateral plate+ fibular screw, 1 case with medial plate + lateral plate+ lateral anchor suture. The meniscus was repaired in 8 patients, including 5 medial and 3 laterals. The fracture healing time was 3-6 months (mean 3.3 months). The postoperative knee Rasmussen score was 24.9±3.5 (18-29), and the postoperative knee joint mobility was 118°±9° (90°-130°). Superficial infection occurred in 2 patients.Conclusion:The main imaging characteristic of "non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture" is the change of tibial plateau posterior slope angle. The injury of single anteromedial column/anterolateral column fracture is easy to combine with the "diagonal" injury, and when the tibial plateau posterior slope angle changes more than 10 degrees, it is easy to be associated with peripheral ligament injury. By using open reduction and internal fixation, restoring the joint articular surface and lower limb force line, repairing the soft tissue structure and ligament, and reconstructing the stability of knee joint, we can achieve satisfactory results.

Effect of occlusal thickness design on the fracture resistance of endocrowns restored with lithium disilicate ceramic and zirconia / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the effect of occlusal thickness design on fracture resistance of endocrowns restored with lithium disilicate ceramic and zirconia.@*METHODS@#A total of 24 artificial first mandibular molars were randomly divided into four groups with six teeth in each group as follows: group lithium disilicate ceramic-2 mm (lithium disilicate ceramic, with an occlusal thickness of 2 mm and a retainer length of 4 mm); group lithium disilicate ceramic-4 mm (lithium disilicate ceramic, with an occlusal thickness of 4 mm and a retainer length of 2 mm); group zirconia-2 mm (zirconia, with an occlusal thickness of 2 mm and a retainer length of 4 mm); and group zirconia-4 mm (zirconia, with an occlusal thickness of 4 mm and a retainer length of 2 mm). After adhesive cementation (RelyX Ultimate Clicker), all specimens were subjected to thermocycling (10 000 cycles). The specimens were subjected to fracture resistance testing at a 135° angle to the teeth at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm·min⁻¹ in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test by SPSS 15.0. The failure modes were classified.@*RESULTS@#The fracture resistances of groups lithium disilicate ceramic-
2 mm, lithium disilicate ceramic-4 mm, zirconia-2 mm, and zirconia-4 mm were (890.54±83.41), (2 320.87±728.57), 
(2 258.05±557.66), and (3 847.70±495.99) N respectively. Group zirconia-4 mm had the highest fracture resistance, whereas group lithium disilicate ceramic-2 mm had the lowest.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The fracture resistance of molar endocrown with zirconia is higher than that with lithium disilicate ceramic. Increasing the occlusal thickness can improve the fracture resistance but increase the risk of fracture of abutment.

Comparison of measurement methods of lower limb length in hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the accuracy of three methods for measuring the length of both lower limbs in hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in the elderly, and to introduce a "shoulder to shoulder" anatomical location marking method for femur.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2019, 90 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture were treated with hip replacement, including 39 males and 51 females, aged 65 to 96(78.0±7.4) years, 56 cases of total hip and 34 cases of hemi hip. According to garden classification, there were 7 cases of typeⅡ, 63 cases of type Ⅲ and 20 cases of type Ⅳ. The patients were divided into three groups according to different measurement methods:contralateral contrast method (group A) of 19 cases, shuck test method (group B) of 28 cases, and "shoulder to shoulder" anatomical marker localization method (Group C) of 43 cases. The accuracy of the three methods was compared by measuring the length difference of lower limbs in vitro and imaging.@*RESULTS@#All patients completed the operation successfully. After total hip arthroplasty, the length of lower limbs in group A was(12.9±8.6) mm, and that in group B was(10.3±4.4) mm. After hemiarthroplasty, the length of lower limbs in group A was (13.2±7.2) mm, group B was (8.7±3.5) mm, and group C was (6.3±2.8) mm; the measurement results of unequal length of lower limbs after total hip arthroplasty were(12.9±8.1) mm in group A, (9.6±4.0) mm in group B and (6.6±2.6) mm in group C. The results of factorial analysis of variance showed that the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (@*CONCLUSION@#The "shoulder to shoulder" anatomic localization marking method can reduce the length of lower limbs simply, effectively and accurately in the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture hip replacement.

Predicting the number of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China using the ARIMA-EGARCH model

Objective: To forecast the visceral leishmaniasis cases using autoregress integrated moving average (ARIMA) and hybrid ARIMA-EGARCH model, which offers a scientific basis to control visceral leishmaniasis spread in Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang, China. Methods: The data used in this paper are monthly visceral leishmaniasis cases in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang from 2004 to 2016. The sample data between 2004 and 2015 were used for the estimation to choose the best model and the sample data in 2016 were used for the forecast. Time series of visceral leishmaniasis started on 1 January 2004 and ended on 31 December 2016, consisting of 1 790 observations reported in Kashgar Prefecture. Results: For Xinjiang, the total number of reported cases were 2 187, the male-to-female ratio of cases was 1:1.42. Patients aged between 0 and 10 years accounted for 82.72% of all reported cases and the largest percentage of visceral leishmaniasis cases was detected among scattered children who accounted for 68.82%. The monthly incidences fitted by ARIMA (2, 1, 2) (1, 1, 1)

Predictive accuracy of Sepsis-3 definitions for mortality among adult critically ill patients with suspected infection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Sepsis-3 definitions have been published recently; however, their diagnostic value remains controversial. This study was to assess the accuracy of Sepsis-3 definitions compared to Sepsis-1 definitions by stratifying mortality among adult critically ill patients with suspected infection.@*METHODS@#A multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted from November 10, 2017 to October 10, 2018, in five Intensive Care Units (ICUs) at four teaching hospitals. Thirty-day mortality was compared across categories for both Sepsis-3 definitions and Sepsis-1 definitions, which were evaluated by logistic regression analysis followed by measurement of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for predicting 30-day mortality rates.@*RESULTS@#Of the 749 enrolled patients, 644 (85.9%) were diagnosed with sepsis according to the Sepsis-1 definitions. Among those patients, 362 were diagnosed with septic shock (362/749, 48.3%). However, according to the Sepsis-3 definitions, there were 483 patients with a diagnosis of sepsis (483/749, 64.5%), among whom 299 patients were diagnosed with septic shock (299/749, 39.9%). According to the Sepsis-3 definitions, sepsis (sepsis and septic shock) patients had higher 30-day mortality (41.8%) than sepsis patients according to the Sepsis-1 definitions (31.8%, χ = 5.552, P = 0.020). The AUROC of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) scores with regard to 30-day mortality rates were 0.609 (0.566-0.652) and 0.694 (0.654-0.733), respectively. However, the AUROC of SOFA scores (0.828 [0.795-0.862]) were significantly higher than that of SIRS or qSOFA scores (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#In adult critically ill patients with suspected infection, the Sepsis-3 definitions were relatively accurate in stratifying mortality and were superior to the Sepsis-1 definitions.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-OOC-17013223).

Modified Mclaughlin procedure combined with locking plate for posterior shoulder dislocation with fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study clinical effects of modified Mclaughlin procedure combined with locking plate for posterior shoulder dislocation with proximal humeral fracture which area of femoral head injury less than 40%.@*METHODS@#From July 2012 to June 2017, 7 patients with posterior shoulder dislocation were treated, including 5 males and 2 females; aged from 37 to 53 years old. Three patients combined with split of humerus head and 4 patients combined with humerus surgical neck fracture. All patients treated with modified Mclaughlin procedure combined with locking plate. Motion of shoulder joint after operation was observed, postoperative UCLA score was used to evaluate clinical effects.@*RESULTS@#Seven patients were followed up from 10 to 33 months. The motion of anteflexion and up-lift ranged from 130° to 170°, the motion of extorsion ranged from 45° to 75°, the motion of abduction ranged fron 105° to 150°, and the internal rotation was between L₃ to buttock. UCLA score ranged from 29 to 34; and 1 patient reached excellent, and 6 patients good.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The modified Mclaughlin procedure combined with locking plate showed satisfying result for posterior shoulder dislocation combined with fractures. However, the internal rotation of shoulder could be compromised.

Effects of universal adhesives and resin cement on the shear bond strength of zirconia / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of universal adhesives and resin cement on the shear bond strength and durability of zirconia ceramics.@*METHODS@#Zirconia ceramics were sintered into 20 mm×10 mm×10 mm and 10 mm×10 mm×10 mm specimens. The experiment was divided into 12 groups. The two types of specimens were bonded using two variants of resin cement (RelyX Ultimate and Clearfil SAC self-adhesive resin cement), universal adhesives (non-adhesive, Scotchbond uni-versal adhesive, and Clearfil SE One adhesive), and storage conditions (water bath and water bath-thermal cycling). The shear bond strengths were tested, and the fracture morphologies were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The cement (F=8.41, P<0.01) and adhesive (F=30.34, P<0.01) exerted a significant effect on the shear bond strength of zirconia, whereas storage condition showed no significant effect on this property (F=1.83, P=0.18). The lowest shear bond strength (14.02 MPa±6.86 MPa) was exhibited by the group treated with RelyX Ultimate resin cement, non-adhesive, and water bath-thermal cycling, whereas the highest shear bond strength (54.12 MPa±8.37 MPa) was displayed by the group treated with RelyX Ultimate resin cement, Scotchbond universal adhesive, and water bath-thermal cycling.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Universal adhesives can improve the durability of the bonding of resin cement to zirconia. If non-self-adhesive resin cement is used without a universal adhe-sive, the durability of the bond will be greatly reduced.

Reoperation strategy of malunited tibial plateau fracture / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To explore the revision strategy of the malunited tibial plateau fracture and to analysis the main points of four common revision operations and the clinical effect. Methods From January 2012 to December 2016, 18 patients (5 males and 13 females) aged 35-60 years (average 49.7 years) underwent tibial plateau revision surgery in our hospital were col?lected. The time from the second revision operation to the first operation was 2-24 months (average 10.4 months). Our revision strategies were as follows: Firstly, to determine whether there is an infection or not. If there was infection, we changed the original internal fixation to external fixator to control infection. Secondly, todetermine whether the patient could suffer re-reduction and in?ternal fixation. If the patient was older (＞65 years old) or with severe local bone defect, total knee arthroplasty should be per?formed. Thirdly, patients were divided into four operation modes according to the tibial plateau fracture malunion type: 1. the origi?nal fracture line osteotomy; 2. the tibial tubercle+original fracture line osteotomy; 3. tibial metaphyseal window-rod reduction; 4. the osteotomy of fibula head and original fracture line osteotomy. Results All patients were followed up for 12-30 months (aver?age 16.8 months), and the operation time was 120-300 min (average 185 min). 2 cases were infected before operation and the origi?nal internal fixation were removed to instead of external fixator;1 patient underwent total knee arthroplasty; 3 cases were treated with metaphyseal open window-rod reduction and internal fixation; 6 cases were operated with the original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation; 4 cases were treated with tibial tubercle osteotomy+original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation; 2 pa?tients underwent fibular head osteotomy+original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation. All patients achieved bony union at the last follow?up. The healing time was 3-6 months (mean 3.6 months). The postoperative knee Rasmussen score was 19-29 (aver?age 22.9), compared with average 14.4 points before operation (t=-10.169, P=0.001). The postoperative range of motion of knee joint was 60-110 degrees (mean 94.5 degrees), compared with average 55 degrees before operation (t=-5.773, P=0.001). The post?operative VAS pain score was average 1.1 points, compared with average 4.2 points before operation (t=8.960, P=0.001). Fracture reduction was excellent in 12 cases and good in 5 cases, with the excellent and good rate of 100%. 3 patients still had 2mm col?lapse on the articular surface, while 3 patients still had mild valgus (less than 5 degrees). There were 2 cases of superficial infec?tion of the wound surface after operation. Conclusion It was difficult to revise the malunion of tibial plateau fracture and it was necessary to make a detailed operation plan before the operation. Satisfactory clinical effects could be obtained for the patients by correct revision strategy. The key to success was the proper revision strategy which was adopted according to the different charac?teristics of the tibial plateau fracture malunion of the patients.

The imaging features of epidermoid cyst within intrapancreatic accessory spleen / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging features of epidermoid cyst within intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIPAS) to make benefits for differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinicalradiological and pathological data of 7 patients with pathologically confirmed ECIPAS. All the cases underwent plain and contrast enhanced CT scan, 2 cases underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and 5 cases underwent ultrasonic examination. The imaging features of the lesions were analyzed. Results CT showed that 5 lesions were situated in the pancreatic tail while the other two located in the neck.The mean size of the lesions was (2.8± 1.2) cm,ranging from 1.5 to 4.8 cm. The cysts appeared multiocular in 2 cases. On plain CT, 2 cases showed well?defined low density foci, while 2 cases showed slightly high density. Calcification can be found in 2 cases. In 4 cases, the solid component surrounding the cyst displayed progressive enhancement on postcontrast CT. The enhancement was higher than the pancreatic parenchymaand similar to the spleen during both arterial and portal venous phases. On MRCP,no expansion was shown in pancreatic duct andit had no relationship with cyst in both 2 cases while slightly hypointensity could be found at the back and it pancreatic neck and body in 1 case. Five lesions were hypoechoic or anechoic and irregular?shaped on ultrasound. Conclusion ECIPAS is a rare benign lesion and the typical imaging manifestation is a cyst with surrounding solid component with enhancement similar to the spleen while higher than pancreas.

Current status and prospect of surgical treatment of liver cancer / 中华外科杂志

With the rapid development of liver surgery,minimally invasive techniques have been widely used in liver surgery. Many challenging liver can be performed laparoscopically to decrease the surgical trauma. At the same time,the efficiency and accuracy of liver surgeries have been highly improved by the advanced assisted technology of liver surgery. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current situation of liver surgery as well as the future of liver surgery.

SMARCA4-deficient primary thoracic sarcoma:a clinicopathological analysis of five cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of SMARCA4- deficient thoracic sarcomas.@*Methods@#The clinical features and CT scans of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas (n=5) diagnosed at Fudan University Cancer Hospital from December 2016 to October 2018 were reviewed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and targeted next generation sequencing were performed in available cases along with a literature review.@*Results@#All 5 patients were males with age ranging from 32 to 65 years (average 54 years; median 61 years). Four patients were smokers except one with unknown smoking history. The average maximum diameter of tumor was 5.6 cm. Tumor primary sites included thoracic wall,thoracic cavity,lung and mediastinum. Histologically,tumor cells formed solid sheets or anastomosing islands with brisk mitotic figures accompanying with large areas of necrosis. Three cases focally exhibited rhabdoid morphology and vesicular chromatin. Immunohistochemically, SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and Claudin-4 were negative in all cases and all tumors demonstrated SOX2 and SMARCB1 nuclear positive staining. Among 3 cases analyzed by targeted next generation sequencing, concurrent SMARCA4 and p53 mutation was detected in all three cases. Mutations of STK11, ERBB4, NF2, GNAS, MTOR,MET and FGFR1 amplification were also detected among the three cases. The follow-up information was available in all 5 cases. Two patients died of the tumor. One relapsed multiple times after surgeries but was alive with disease. Two patients received radical excisions without relapse.@*Conclusions@#SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma is a rare but highly-aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis. The tumor is featured by rhabdoid morphology histologically and distinctive immunohistochemical and molecular phenotype.

Effect of Umbilical Moist-heat Application of Da Chengqitang in Treating Gastrointestinal Motility of AECOPD Combined with Type Ⅱ Respiratory Failure NIV with Abdominal Distension / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the efficacy of umbilical moist-heat application of modified Da Chengqitang in treating ventosity after noninvasive ventilation, and the regulatory effect on level of gastrointestinal motility hormone. Method: One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table. Patients in control group got mosapride citrate tablets, 5 mg/time, 3 times/days. In addition tothe therapy in control group, patients in observation group was also given mbilical moist-heat application of modified Da Chengqitang, 30 min/time, 2 times/day. And a course of treatment was 7 days. Before and after treatment, degree of abdominal distention was measured by a tape and subjective evaluation. Time of recovery of bowel sounds, remission of abdominal distention, exhausting and defecation, and the total time of using respirator, pressure of using respirator, and the total days of using respirator were recorded. And levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SS) were detected. Result: According to the rank sum test, the clinical effect in observation group was superior to that in control group (Z=2.484, PZ=2.456, PPPPP2, PaCO2, GAS, MTL were higher than those in control group, whereas PaCO2, VIP and SS were lower than those in control group (PPConclusion: Umbilical moist-heat application of modified Da Chengqitang can relieve abdominal distention and dyspnea, reduce intraperitoneal pressure, improve the recovery of gastrointestinal function, and regulate gastrointestinal hormone level.

Reoperation strategy of malunited tibial plateau fracture / 中华骨科杂志

Objective@#To explore the revision strategy of the malunited tibial plateau fracture and to analysis the main points of four common revision operations and the clinical effect.@*Methods@#From January 2012 to December 2016, 18 patients (5 males and 13 females) aged 35-60 years (average 49.7 years) underwent tibial plateau revision surgery in our hospital were collected. The time from the second revision operation to the first operation was 2-24 months (average 10.4 months). Our revision strategies were as follows: Firstly, to determine whether there is an infection or not. If there was infection, we changed the original internal fixation to external fixator to control infection. Secondly, todetermine whether the patient could suffer re-reduction and internal fixation. If the patient was older (>65 years old) or with severe local bone defect, total knee arthroplasty should be performed. Thirdly, patients were divided into four operation modes according to the tibial plateau fracture malunion type: 1. the original fracture line osteotomy; 2. the tibial tubercle + original fracture line osteotomy; 3. tibial metaphyseal window-rod reduction; 4. the osteotomy of fibula head and original fracture line osteotomy.@*Results@#All patients were followed up for 12-30 months (average 16.8 months), and the operation time was 120-300 min (average 185 min). 2 cases were infected before operation and the original internal fixation were removed to instead of external fixator;1 patient underwent total knee arthroplasty; 3 cases were treated with metaphyseal open window-rod reduction and internal fixation; 6 cases were operated with the original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation; 4 cases were treated with tibial tubercle osteotomy+original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation; 2 patients underwent fibular head osteotomy+ original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation. All patients achieved bony union at the last follow-up. The healing time was 3-6 months (mean 3.6 months). The postoperative knee Rasmussen score was 19-29 (average 22.9), compared with average 14.4 points before operation (t=-10.169, P=0.001). The postoperative range of motion of knee joint was 60-110 degrees (mean 94.5 degrees), compared with average 55 degrees before operation (t=-5.773, P=0.001). The post-operative VAS pain score was average 1.1 points, compared with average 4.2 points before operation (t=8.960, P=0.001). Fracture reduction was excellent in 12 cases and good in 5 cases, with the excellent and good rate of 100%. 3 patients still had 2mm collapse on the articular surface, while 3 patients still had mild valgus (less than 5 degrees). There were 2 cases of superficial infection of the wound surface after operation.@*Conclusion@#It was difficult to revise the malunion of tibial plateau fracture and it was necessary to make a detailed operation plan before the operation. Satisfactory clinical effects could be obtained for the patients by correct revision strategy. The key to success was the proper revision strategy which was adopted according to the different characteristics of the tibial plateau fracture malunion of the patients.