Detection of virulence genes and analysis of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from calves with diarrhea in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To detect the virulence gene of E. coli from calves with diarrhea in Tongliao City，Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，China and analyze its antimicrobial resistance as well as the distribution of antimicrobial resistant genes. Methods The sensitivities of 82 E. coli isolates from the fecal samples of calves with diarrhea to thirteen kinds of antibiotics were determined by disk diffusion test. The carrying statuses of thirteen virulence genes and twelve antimicrobial resistant genes of the E. coli isolates were determined by PCR，based on which the phylogenetic background was investigated. Results Of the 82 pathogenic E. coli isolates，48. 78%（40／82）、31. 71%（26／82）、14. 63%（12／82）and 4. 88%（4／82）belonged to phylogenic groups A，B1，B2 and D respectively，indicating that the prominent one was group A. A total of 11 virulence genes were detected in 82 isolates. The detection rates of irp2，fyuA，eaeA and STb genes were 79. 27%（65／82），63. 41%（52／82），53. 66%（44／82）and 50%（41／82）respectively，while those of other virulence genes were less than 50%，and no tsh or LT1 was detected. The 82 isolates were significantly resistant to 13 kinds of antibiotics，in which the resistant rates to tetracycline，doxycycline and amoxicillin were 100%（82／82），97. 56%（80／82）and 90. 24%（74／82）respectively. All the isolates were mutidrug resistant，most of which were resistant to eight kinds of antibiotics（16／82，19. 51%）. A total of twelve antimicrobial resistant genes were detected in the 82 isolates，in which the positive rates of genes resistant to β ‑ lactams（blaTEM），sulfonamide（sul1 and sul2），tetracycline（tetB and tetD）and aminoglycosides（aadB）were more than 70%. Conclusion The 82 pathogenic E. coli isolates mainly belonged to group A，with high detection rates of virulence gene and antimicrobial resistant gene as well as high and multiple drug resistance. The study provided a reference for the prevention and treatment of and clinical medication of E. coli‑associated diseases in calves in Tongliao Region.

Characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in children with allergic rhinitis / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR), and improve the diagnosis and treatment at AR combined with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with AR and OSA (AR and OSA group) admitted to the respiratory department at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 120 children diagnosed with OSA and excluded AR during the same period were selected as control group.The SDB day and night symptoms, sleep structure characteristics and sleep breathing events were compared between two groups.Results:The average course of disease in children with AR and OSA was significantly longer than that in control group ( P=0.030). The main manifestations of children in AR and OSA group were mouth breathing (100.0%), snoring (99.2%), nasal obstruction (88.5%), and restless sleep (68.0%). There was no significant difference in sleep structure between two groups ( P>0.05), but the sleep efficiency of AR and OSA group was significantly lower than that of control group ( P=0.028). The respiratory events apnea hypopnea index, obstructive apnea index, obstructive apnea hypopnea index, hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index of each sleep period in AR and OSA group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05). Among the children in AR and OSA group, moderate and severe OSA were the main manifestations, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The combination of AR delayed the course of OSA in children.The main characteristics of sleep disordered breathing in children with AR are mouth opening, restless sleep, snoring and nasal obstruction.The sleep efficiency is decreased.Obstructive hypopnea and apnea are the most common respiratory events, and oxygen deficiency often occurs in rapid eye movement phase.Children with AR are more likely to have moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Early warning analysis of plastic bronchitis in children and clinical study of flexible bronchoscopy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and etiological distribution characteristics of plastic bronchitis in children, analyze its early warning indicators, and evaluate the clinical diagnosis and treatment effect of flexible bronchoscopy.Methods:The clinical data of 232 children with severe pneumonia admitted to Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The children were divided into the plastic bronchitis group and non-plastic bronchitis group according to bronchoscopic results.The gender, age, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, imaging features, bronchoscopy findings and treatment of the children were collected, compared and analyzed, comparison between two groups by t test and χ2 test. Results:A total of 232 children were included in this study, including 98 cases in the plastic bronchitis group and 134 cases in the non-plastic bronchitis group.The main symptoms of both groups were fever, cough and shortness of breath.The age of onset in the plastic bronchitis group was (54.640±37.085) months, and the age of onset in the non-plastic bronchitis group was (14.870±19.813) months.The difference in the age of onset between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=9.656, P<0.001). The average hospitalization days of the plastic and non-plastic bronchitis groups were (16.133±6.227) d and (12.690±4.287) d, respectively.Significant difference was found in the average hospitalization days between the two groups ( t=4.721, P<0.001). The average fever days of the plastic bronchitis group were (10.090±3.473) d, and the average fever days of the non-plastic bronchitis group were (6.030±4.850) d. There was significant difference in the average fever days between the two groups ( t=5.654, P<0.001). The age of onset, hospitalization days, and fever days of the plastic bronchitis group were larger than those of the non-plastic bronchitis group (all P<0.001). The physical examination suggested that 40% (39/98) of patients in the plastic bronchitis group had reduced the breath sounds, and this percentage was significantly higher than that in the non-plastic bronchitis group[6%(8/134)]. The plastic bronchitis group had lower partial pressure of blood oxygen (PO 2) and oxygen saturation (SO 2) levels than the non-plastic bronchitis group (all P<0.01). The plastic bronchitis group had a higher percentage of neutrophils (N), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, procalcitonin (PCT) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and D-dimer level than the non-plastic bronchitis group (all P<0.01). According to the imaging results, in the plastic bronchitis group, lung consolidation was found in 72 cases (73%, 72/98), atelectasis in 32 cases (33%, 32/98), and pleural effusion in 33 cases (34%, 33/98). In the non-plastic bronchitis group, 65%(87/134) cases had lung consolidation, 5%(7/134) cases had atelectasis, 3.7% (5/134) cases had pleural effusion.The first pathogen detected in 46.9% of the patients in the plastic bronchitis group was Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), and the percentage was significantly higher that in the non-plastic bronchitis group (11.1%). Flexible bronchoscopy was performed on both groups at their admission.The plastic bronchitis group received the flexible bronchoscopy check for (2.960±1.157) times on average, and the non-plastic bronchitis group was tested for (1.140±0.371) times on average.Of 98 children in the plastic bronchitis group, 95 cases were improved and discharged, 2 cases were transferred, and 1 case died.All 134 children in the non-plastic bronchitis group were improved and discharged. Conclusions:Preschool and school-age children, fever ≥10 d, PCT, CRP, LDH, D-dimer levels are early warning signs of plastic bronchitis clinically.MP is still the primary pathogen causing plastic bronchitis.Flexible bronchoscopy technique is a key measure for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of plastic bronchitis.

Role of histone H3K27me3 on BCL2 expression in arsenic-induced hepatocyte apoptosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of modification level of lysine trimethylation at position 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) on expression of anti-apoptotic protein B lymphocyte tumor-2 gene (BCL2) during arsenic-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.Methods:Rat liver BRL-3A cells were cultured in vitro. According to the arsenic treatment factor, the experiment was divided into two parts, in the first part arsenic was not added, the experiment was divided into normal, transfection reagent, negative transfection, H3K27me3 specific demethylase (JMJD3) small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and H3K27me3 methyltransferase (EZH2) siRNA transfection groups. In the second part arsenic was added, the experiment was divided into control, arsenic treatment, arsenic + negative transfection, arsenic + JMJD3siRNA transfection and arsenic + EZH2siRNA transfection groups. When arsenic was not added, the corresponding siRNA and transfection reagent was used to transfect cells at a ratio of 100 pmol : 7.5 μl for 6 h [the normal group was treated with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of the same volume as transfection reagent], then the medium was changed and the cells were incubated for a total of 48 h. After 24 h of treatment with the above transfection and culture method in arsenic added group, a final concentration of 30 μmol/L sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2) was added and the cells were incubated for 24 h (the control group was treated with PBS with the same volume of NaAsO 2 for 24 h). Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) was used to measure the proliferation of BRL-3A cells in arsenic added group. Apoptosis of BRL-3A cells was analyzed by flow cytometry in arsenic added group. Western blotting was used to detect JMJD3, EZH2, H3K27me3 and BCL2 in no-arsenic and arsenic-added BRL-3A cells. The modification levels of H3K27me3 in BCL2 gene promoter regions were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation of the cells exposed to arsenic. Results:There were statistically significant differences of the proliferation rates [control, arsenic treatment, arsenic + negative transfection, arsenic + JMJD3siRNA transfection and arsenic + EZH2siRNA transfection groups: (100.00 ± 10.43)%, (12.19 ± 3.37)%, (31.86 ± 1.95)%, (24.58 ± 3.64)%, (11.53 ± 1.11)%] and the apoptosis rates [(1.15 ± 0.04)%, (13.06 ± 1.33)%, (17.39 ± 0.22)%, (23.90 ± 1.66)%, (15.07 ± 0.88)%] between groups ( F = 146.50, 194.30, P < 0.001), correspondingly. The protein expression level of H3K27me3 in JMJD3siRNA transfection group was higher than that of normal, transfection reagent and negative transfection groups, while EZH2siRNA transfection group had an opposite result ( P < 0.05). The protein expression level of BCL2 in JMJD3siRNA transfection group was lower than that of normal, transfection reagent and negative transfection groups, while EZH2siRNA transfection group had an opposite result ( P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of H3K27me3 and BCL2 were not statistically significant differences between normal, transfection reagent and negative transfection groups ( P > 0.05). The protein expression levels of JMJD3, EZH2, H3K27me3 and BCL2 among control, arsenic treatment, arsenic + negative transfection, arsenic + JMJD3siRNA transfection and arsenic + EZH2siRNA transfection groups were compared, and the differences were statistically significant ( F = 26.56, 7.82, 9.81, 31.19, P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the protein expression levels of JMJD3 and EZH2 in arsenic treatment group were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05), and the protein expression level of H3K27me3 was higher ( P < 0.05), meanwhile the protein expression level of BCL2 was lower ( P < 0.05). Compared with arsenic + negative transfection group, the protein expression level of JMJD3 was significantly reduced in arsenic + JMJD3siRNA group, and the protein expression level of EZH2 was significantly reduced in arsenic + EZH2siRNA group ( P < 0.05). In addition, arsenic + JMJD3siRNA increased the level of H3K27me3 modification while reducing the protein expression of BCL2, while arsenic + EZH2siRNA had an opposite result ( P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the enrichment levels of H3K27me3 in BCL2 gene promoter regions (CHIP1 and CHIP2) in arsenic treatment group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Arsenic may inhibit the expression of BCL2 by increasing the enrichment level of H3K27me3 in the promoter regions of BCL2 gene, and promoting hepatocyte apoptosis.

Transforming growth factor-β1 induces transformation of rat meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by upregulating Shh signaling / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of TGF-β1 on Shh signaling pathway during the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts.@*METHODS@#Primary meningeal fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal (24 h) SD rats and purified using type Ⅳ collagenase. The isolated cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 alone or in combination with 20 μmol/L SB-431542 (a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor) for 72 h, and the changes in proliferation and migration abilities of the fibroblasts were assessed with CCK-8 assay and cell scratch test. The expression of fibronectin (Fn) was detected with immunofluorescence assay, and Western blotting was performed to examine the expressions of Fn, α-SMA and Shh protein in the cells; the expression of Shh mRNA was detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.@*RESULTS@#TGF-β1 treatment obviously enhanced the proliferation and migration of primary meningeal fibroblasts (P < 0.05), and promoted the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and the secretion of Fn (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 treatment also upregulated the expression of Shh at both protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Treatment with SB-431542 partially blocked the effect of TGF-β1 on the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#TGF-β1 can induce the transformation of meningeal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by up-regulating Shh expression in Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway.

A case of cutaneous metaplastic synovial cyst / 中华皮肤科杂志

To report a case of cutaneous metaplastic synovial cyst. A 14-year-old male patient presented with a cystic mass on the forehead for more than 6 months. Histopathological findings revealed an intradermal cystic structure with multiple intraluminal broad band-like villiform protuberances, which was lined with a membrane resembling hyperplastic synovium and composed of a variety of cellular structures; some areas of the cystic wall were covered with fibrin-like hyaline connective tissues, and some areas were highly cellularized and lined with multiple layers of epithelioid cells and spindle cells. Immunohistochemical study revealed diffuse expression of vimentin and positive staining for the histocyte marker CD68, but negative staining for cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin in epithelioid cells and spindle cells. According to the clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, the diagnosis of cutaneous metaplastic synovial cyst was confirmed.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yinning Tablets, a compound traditional Chinese herbal preparation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yinning Tablets, a compound preparation of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.@*METHODS@#Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative analysis of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yining Tablets and the analytical protocols were optimized. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively analyze the content of triptolide (the main active ingredient of Tripterygium hypoglaucum) in Yinning Tablets.@*RESULTS@#The results of TLC analysis showed that the test sample of Yinning Tablets and the positive control samples both produced clear, well separated spots without obvious interference in the blank samples. Assessment of the influences of the thin-layer plates from different manufacturers, temperature and humidity on the test results demonstrated good durability of the test. HPLC analysis of triptolide showed a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 1-100 μg/mL (regression equation: A=22.219C-19.165, r=0.9999); the contents of triptolide in 3 batches of Yinning tablets were 0.34, 0.34, and 0.28 μg per tablet, all within the range of 0.28-0.34 μg per tablet. It was finally determined that each Yinning tablet should not contain more than 0.6 μg of triptolide.@*CONCLUSION@#TLC and HPLC are simple, accurate, durable and specific for qualitative and quantitative analyses of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yinning Tablets.

Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog signaling inhibits fibrous scar formation and adversely affects functional outcome after ischemic brain injury in rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of inhibiting Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling on fibrous scar formation and functional outcome after ischemic brain injury.@*METHODS@#Adult SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion (I/R) group, I/R with intraventricular empty adenoviral vector (rAd-NC) injection group, and I/R with adenovirus-mediated Shh knockdown (rAd-ShShh) group. After the treatments, the neurological deficits of the rats were assessed, and the protein and mRNA expressions of fibronectin (Fn), α-SMA, and Shh in the ischemic hemisphere were detected with immunofluorescence assay and qPCR; TUNEL staining was used for detecting neural cell apoptosis. In the cell experiment, primary meningeal fibroblasts isolated from neonatal SD rats were pretreated for 24 h with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 plus cyclopamine (CYC) before oxygen-glucose deprivation for 150 min followed by reoxygenation for 72 h (OGD/R). CCK-8 assay and scratch test were performed to examine the changes in cell proliferation and migration, and immunofluorescence assay, qPCR and Western blotting were used for detecting cell transformation and the expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn.@*RESULTS@#Cerebral I/R injury significantly increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Shh, α-SMA, and Fn in the ischemic hemisphere of the rats, but their expression levels were significantly lowered by intraventricular injection of rAd-Shshh (P < 0.05), which obviously increased cell apoptosis in the ischemic hemisphere (P < 0.05) and improved modified mNSS and modified Bederson scores of the rats (P < 0.05). In the cell experiment, pretreatment with TGF-β1 and TGF-β1+CYC both increased the viability of the primary meningeal fibroblasts after OGD/R. TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the migration ability and induced obvious transformation of the exposed cells (P < 0.05), but these effects were significantly attenuated by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05). The expressions of Shh, α-SMA and Fn in the TGF-β1 group were all significantly higher in TGF-β1-treated cells (P < 0.05) and were obviously lowered by co-treatment with CYC (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Inhibition of Shh signaling may inhibit fibrous scar formation and functional recovery in rats after ischemic brain injury.

Research progress of the dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling pathways in myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia has become a global public health concern. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Dopamine and acetylcholine, as important neurotransmitters in retina, play a critical role in the formation and inhibition of experimental myopia by binding to specific receptors respectively. Simultaneously, the mechanisms of related signaling pathways during myopia have attracted much attention. Most studies have identified that dopamine and acetylcholine receptor antagonists could inhibit the development of experimental myopiato some extent. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments have suggested that the two signaling pathways cross and influence each other, and there may be common mediators. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the recent researches on dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling pathways and their association during myopia, to provide references for further insights into pathogenesis as well as the prevention and treatment of myopia.

Effect of γδ T cells on the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Autophagy of Multiple Myeloma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effect of γδ T cells on the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of multiple myeloma cells.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from healthy volunteers, and stimulated with zoledronic acid (Zol) in combination with rhIL-2. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detected the purity of γδ T cells. γδ T cells were collected and co-cultured with RPMI-8226 or U-266 cells at different effector target ratios. The proliferation of RPMI-8226 or U-266 cell lines were detected by CCK-8. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot．The expressions of autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#γδ T cells can be expanded in vitro. γδ T cells could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 or U-266 cells, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in an effector target-dependent manner. In addition, γδ T cells could induce autophagy of myeloma cells, inhibited the expression of autophagy-related PI3K, P-AKT and P-mTOR, while increased the expression of AMPK and Beclin-1.@*CONCLUSION@#γδ T cells can inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 and U-266 myeloma cells, induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, and enhance autophagy in vitro. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and/or activation of AMPK/Beclin-1 signaling pathway.

An Easily Compatible Eye-tracking System for Freely-moving Small Animals / 神经科学通报·英文版

Measuring eye movement is a fundamental approach in cognitive science as it provides a variety of insightful parameters that reflect brain states such as visual attention and emotions. Combining eye-tracking with multimodal neural recordings or manipulation techniques is beneficial for understanding the neural substrates of cognitive function. Many commercially-available and custom-built systems have been widely applied to awake, head-fixed small animals. However, the existing eye-tracking systems used in freely-moving animals are still limited in terms of their compatibility with other devices and of the algorithm used to detect eye movements. Here, we report a novel system that integrates a general-purpose, easily compatible eye-tracking hardware with a robust eye feature-detection algorithm. With ultra-light hardware and a detachable design, the system allows for more implants to be added to the animal's exposed head and has a precise synchronization module to coordinate with other neural implants. Moreover, we systematically compared the performance of existing commonly-used pupil-detection approaches, and demonstrated that the proposed adaptive pupil feature-detection algorithm allows the analysis of more complex and dynamic eye-tracking data in free-moving animals. Synchronized eye-tracking and electroencephalogram recordings, as well as algorithm validation under five noise conditions, suggested that our system is flexibly adaptable and can be combined with a wide range of neural manipulation and recording technologies.

Molecular pathogenesis of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its treatment options / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), is commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. APAP overdose can induce hepatic toxicity, known as acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). However, therapeutic doses of APAP can also induce AILI in patients with excessive alcohol intake or who are fasting. Hence, there is a need to understand the potential pathological mechanisms underlying AILI. In this review, we summarize three main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AILI: hepatocyte necrosis, sterile inflammation, and hepatocyte regeneration. The relevant factors are elucidated and discussed. For instance, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) protein adducts trigger mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress during hepatocyte necrosis, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released to elicit sterile inflammation, and certain growth factors contribute to liver regeneration. Finally, we describe the current potential treatment options for AILI patients and promising novel strategies available to researchers and pharmacists. This review provides a clearer understanding of AILI-related mechanisms to guide drug screening and selection for the clinical treatment of AILI patients in the future.

Weather and Birth Weight: Different Roles of Maternal and Neonatal GPR61 Promoter Methylation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objectives@#It is unclear whether G protein-coupled receptor 61 (GPR61) affecting body weight, plays a role in the association between birth weight and weather. This study aimed to assess the effects of prenatal weather and GPR61 on birth weight.@*Methods@#A total of 567 mother-newborn pairs were recruited in Houzhai Center Hospital during 2011-2012. We detected the maternal and neonatal GPR61 promoter methylation levels, and obtained meteorological and air pollution data.@*Results@#A positive association was observed between maternal and neonatal GPR61 methylation levels, and both of them were affected by precipitation, relative humidity (RH) and daily temperature range (DTR). Birth weight was associated negatively with RH and positively with DTR ( P < 0.05). A significant association was observed between birth weight and neonatal GPR61 methylation. We observed that maternal GPR61 methylation seemed to modify associations between weather and birth weight ( P interaction < 0.10), while neonatal GPR61 methylation mediated the effects of RH and DTR on birth weight ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Our findings revealed the significant associations among prenatal weather, GPR61 methylation and birth weight. Maternal GPR61 methylation may modify the susceptibility of birth weight to prenatal weather conditions, while neonatal GPR61 methylation may be a bridge of the effects of prenatal RH and DTR on birth weight.

Effects of botulinum toxin A injection therapy with ultrasound-guided for benign masseter hypertrophy / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection therapy with ultrasound-guided for benign masseter hypertrophy.Methods:Twenty cases (40 sides) of masseter hypertrophy were injected with botulinum toxin A, among which 10 cases were taken as experimental group and the other 10 cases as control group. The experimental group had preoperative ultrasound examination to measure the thickness of masseter, and use ultrasound-guided precise injection during the operation, and then ultrasound recheck to measure the postoperative masseter thickness; The other 10 cases of control group adopt traditional 3-point injection method.Results:The masseter thickness of the two groups at different period of times after treatment was decreased ( P<0.001), the most obviously decrease happened 4-12 weeks after injection. The mean reduction was 26.8% at 4 weeks and 28.4% at 12 weeks after injection. Masseter muscle thickness recovered by 22% at 24 weeks and by 20% at 36 weeks. The average follow-up was 6.0±2.4 months with no serious complications occurred. In the control group, there was a partial masseter bulge in one case. The satisfactory rate of the patients in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusions:Botulinum toxin A injection therapy with ultrasound-guided for benign masseter hypertrophy is an effective treatment, which is more accurate and effective than the traditional injection method.

The mechanism of toxicity enhancement with the combination of Flos Genkwa and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae based on the solubilization of glycyrrhizic acid / 药学学报

In order to study the contraindications of the compatibility of Flos Genkwa-Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, in this study, the solubilizing and poisoning essence were explored. In this experiment, chromatographic assay, field emission scanning electron microscopy, MTT cytotoxicity evaluation, and other methods were used to study the main chemical components, morphology and toxicity of the ethyl acetate part of Flos Genkwa and its co-decoction with glycyrrhizic acid, in order to clarify Flos Genkwa-Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae incompatibility provides a new idea for the research on incompatibility of Flos Genkwa-Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae. The results showed that after co-decoction of the ethyl acetate part of Flos Genkwa with glycyrrhizic acid, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected the dissolution of the toxic component yuanhuacine of 54.8%, while yuanhuacine chromatographic peak was not detected in the Flos Genkwa ethyl acetate part of the single decoction. The increase of co-decoction dissolution rate was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that glycyrrhizic acid uniformly dispersed the fat-soluble components of Flos Genkwa into nano-scale particles, which improved the solubility and stability in the solution. Furthermore, the results of cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the survival rate of cells decreased after co-decoction, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining also gave the same results. In summary, the co-decoction of the ethyl acetate part of Flos Genkwa with glycyrrhizic acid promotes the dissolution of the toxic component yuanhuacine, and makes the part form uniformly distributed nanoparticles, which is conducive to the absorption of the ingredient and increases the toxicity.

Progress on diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies with primary nephrotic syndrome in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Kidney disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and hypertensive crisis in children, which can lead to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and threaten life.Meanwhile, hypertension is also a common complication during the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children.Therefore, during the process of diagnosis and treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children, it is necessary to actively identify and manage hypertensive emergencies and urgencies, to minimize the damage of target organs caused by hypertension.Hypertension crisis is divided into hypertensive emergency and hypertensive urgency according to presence or absence of target organ damages.Once the hypertensive emergency is found, blood pressure should be lowered rapidly and stably, and blood pressure should be reduced by no more than 25% of the planned reduction over the first 6-8 hours, and intravenous antihypertensive drugs are the first choices, as well as subsequent combined antihypertensive therapy is usually be used.

Effect of the optimized nursing procedure in the conduit room on the patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of the optimized nursing procedure in the conduit room based on Hammer′s theory of process reengineering on the treatment time, anxiety and depression, clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 125 PCI patients were received and treated in the conduit room of the Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University. Among them, 63 patients who underwent PCI from April to October 2019 were taken as the control group, and 62 patients who underwent PCI from November 2019 to May 2020 were taken as the observation group. The patients in the control group were treated with the conventional nursing procedure in the conduit room, while those in the observation group were treated with the nursing procedure in the conduit room optimized based on Hammer′s theory of process reengineering. The anticoagulant administration time, transit time, catheterization activation time, door to balloon dilatation time (D to B) and D to B compliance rate of patients were compared between the two groups. Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to compare the differences of anxiety and depression between the two groups on the first day after PCI and 1 day before discharge. The incidence of adverse cardiac events during hospitalization, mortality, left ventricular ejection fraction on the 7th day after operation and hospitalization days were recorded.Results:The anticoagulant administration time, transit time, catheterization activation time, D to B time in the observation group were (10.41±1.86), (5.21±0.82), (48.26±6.42), (69.63±11.42) min, respectively, lower than the corresponding data of the control group, which were (17.65±2.94), (7.36±1.32), (57.26±7.61), (82.23±13.58) min. The D to B time compliance rate of patients in the observation group was 87.10% (54/62), which was higher than 69.84% (44/63) in the control group with statistical difference ( χ2 value was 5.49, P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the patients in the observation group within 1 day after PCI were 38.89±5.94, 39.17±5.81, higher than 31.73±5.22, 33.77±5.32 in the control group with statistical difference ( t value was -7.16, -5.42, P<0.05). The incidence of adverse cardiac events during hospitalization, average hospitalization days and left ventricular ejection fraction on the 7th day after operation in the observation group were 8.06%(5/62), (11.26±2.14) d, (55.61±4.31)%, lower than 22.22%(14/63), (13.47±2.76) d, (52.21±3.22)% in the control group with statistical difference ( χ2 value was 4.86, t values were 4.99, 5.00, P<0.05). Conclusions:The nursing procedure in the conduit room optimized based on Hammer′s theory of process reengineering can effectively reduce the PCI patients′ treatment time, alleviate the anxiety and depression, improve the clinical outcome.

The clinical efficacy of azithromycin combined with different-dose methylprednisolone therapy for refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of azithromycin combined with different-dose methylprednisolone therapy for refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP)in children.Methods:Two hundred and twenty cases of RMPP admitted to Chengdu Women′s and Children′s Central Hospital between January 2014 and December 2019 were selected.They were treated with azithromycin combined with 1~2 mg/(kg·d)(low-dose)of methylprednisolone for 3 days, then they were divided into 2 groups, 152 cases with effective treatment in the control group A(effective group), 68 cases with ineffective treatment in observation group B(ineffective group). Among group B, according to the IgG, IgM and IgA as defined in Zhu Futang Practice of Pediatrics, 45 cases with normal immunity named normal-immune group B, change methylprednisolone dose to 10~30 mg/(kg·d)(high-dose)for 3 days, and 23 cases with low immunity named weakened-immune group B, change methylprednisolone dose to 10~30 mg/(kg·d)for 3 days and give immunomodulator therapy, that is human immunoglobulin for intravenous injection(IVIG)200 mg/(kg·d)for 3 days.After treatment, duration of fever, lung inflammation, extrapulmonary complications, hospitalization days and other indicators were compared.Results:Comparison between group A and group B, the lung rale absorption time[(11.32±3.62)d vs(10.00±2.32)d], lung consolidation absorption rate(64.10% vs 83.33%), pulmonary atelectasis retentive rate(52.38% vs 82.60%), effusion absorption rate(66.67% vs 100.00% ), the incidence rate of extrapulmonary complications(38.82% vs 25.00%), the disappearance time of complications[(10.96±2.98)d vs(8.94±2.86)d], the average hospitalization stay[(12.30±3.56)d vs(11.25±3.84)d]were significantly different( P<0.05). Comparison between normal-immune group B and weakened-immune group B after giving high doses of methylprednisolone, the fever dropped time[(10.51±3.26)h vs(8.60±3.31)h], the lung rale absorption time[(10.51±2.24)d vs(9.00±2.19)d], lung consolidation absorption rate(72.00% vs 100.00%), the average hospitalization stay[(12.00±3.96)d vs(9.78±3.19)d]were significantly different( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared to low-dose of methylprednisolone, azithromycin combined with high-dose methylprednisolone therapy is better for RMPP.For the children with weakened immunity, better curative effect was obtained by IVIG.

Investigation on the Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the Treatment of Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the potential mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesion （PAA）. METHODS ：Active components and target genes of S. miltiorrhiza were retrieved from TCMSP database，SwissADME database ，Perl database ，UniProt database and other databases. GeneCards ，OMIM and PubMed database were used to retrieve target genes related to PAA. Venn diagram was drawn by using mapping tool of bioinformatic online database so as to screen the intersecting targets of active component-PAA. STRING platform was adopted to establish target network related to active component-PAA and protein-protein interaction （PPI）network of intersecting targets ，etc.，and to screen hub genes. Gene ontology（GO）and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genom es（KEGG）pathway enrichment were carried out by using R 3.6.1 software. Using the protein encoded by hub gene as receptor and tanshinone Ⅱ A as ligand ，the molecular docking was carried out with AutoDock 1.5.6 tool. RESULTS ：A total of 38 active components of S. miltiorrhiza with high gastrointestinal absorption and their corresponding 72 targets，755 PAA-related target genes were identified. Results of Venn diagram showed that there were 33 intersecting targets of active components of chuqi90@163.com S. miltiorrhiza with PAA. Tanshinone ⅡA，dihydrotanshinolac- tone and other components may be important nodes of the target network related to active component-PAA. FOS，APP，ACHE， CASP3 and PTGS2 may be the hub genes in PPI network of intersecting targets. Results of GO enrichment showed that the intersecting targets were mainly concentrated in adrenergic receptor activity ，catecholamine binding ，G protein-coupled amine receptor activity and so on ；KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the intersecting targets were mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction ，cGMP-PKG signaling pathway ，endocrine resistance ，EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking analysis showed that tanshinone ⅡA could form hydrogen bonds with many amino acid residues such as VAL- 580 of proto oncogenes c-Fos ，amyloid precursor protein ，acetylcholinesterase，caspase 3 and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2. CONCLUSIONS ：The active components of S. miltiorrhiza play a role in the treatment of PAA by directly or indirectly acting on neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction ，cGMP-PKG signaling pathway ，endocrine resistance ， EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance resistance and calcium signaling pathway.

Effect of Fushengong Prescreption on Regulation-antagonism Effect of ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R Axis and ACE2-Ang(1-7)-MASR Axis of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Fushengong prescreption on the regulation-antagonism effect of angiotensin converting enzyme-angiotensin Ⅱ-angiotensin Ⅱ 1 receptor （ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R） axis and angiotensin converting enzyme 2-angiotensin （1-7）-Mas receptor［ACE2-Ang（1-7）-MASR］ axis of rats with chronic renal failure（CRF）， and to explore its mechanism of delaying the development of CRF. Method:The 65 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （<italic>n</italic>=10） and modeling group （<italic>n</italic>=55）. The normal group was routinely reared， while the modeling group were administered by gavage with 0.25 g·kg^-1d^-1adenine suspension for 28 days. After the model was successfully established， the survival model rats were randomly divided into model group， benazepril group（0.01 g·kg^-1·d^-1）and low，medium and high dose of Fushengong prescreption groups （4，8，16 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The normal group and model group were administered the same volume of normal saline by gavage， lasted for 28 days. After the experiment， systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） of caudal artery were measured， and 24-hour urine was collected to determine 24-hour urine protein （24 h U-pro）. The content of serum creatinine（SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） in the serum were measured， the histological morphology was observed by hematoxylin eosin（HE）staining， and the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the contents of AngⅡ， Ang （1-7） and Cystatin C （CysC） in serum and renal homogenate. The protein level of ACE， ACE2， AT1R and MASR were detected by Western blot. The expression of ACE and ACE2 protein in renal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with normal group， the expression levels of SCr， BUN and CysC in model group were significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the content of AngⅡ in serum and kidney tissues were significantly increased， the content of Ang （1-7） were significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression of ACE and AT1R protein in renal tissues were significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the expression of ACE2 and MASR protein were significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with model group and benazepril group， after the intervention with Fushengong prescreption， the serum SCr，BUN and CysC decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05），the content of AngⅡ in serum and kidney tissues decreased significantly，Ang（1-7） increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression of ACE and AT1R protein in renal tissues decreased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， ACE2 and MASR protein increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The high-dose Fushengong prescreption has the best effect. The high， medium and low-dose effects of Fushengong prescreption were dose-dependent. Conclusion:Fushengong prescreption improved renal function and pathological change of kidney in adenine-induced rats with chronic renal failure. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R axis and promotion of ACE2-Ang（1-7）-MASR axis ，which leads to the delaying of the progression of chronic renal failure.