Changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness within one year of the first episode of acute primary angle closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness(pCT)within 1a of the first episode of acute primary angle closure glaucoma(APACG).METHODS: A prospective cohort study. A total of 31 patients with APACG who admitted to the ophthalmology department of Shijiazhuang People's Hospital from October 2015 to September 2019 were selected, with 31 eyes in attack group, 31 fellow eyes in preclinical group and 30 cases(30 eyes)in control group. pCT of the three groups was measured respectively at the attack period, 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.RESULTS: The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that in the attack period when at 1wk after surgery, and continued to become thinner within the following 1a(P<0.05). The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that of the other two groups during the attack period and at 1wk after surgery, while it became thinner at 1a(P<0.05). In the attack group, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension and negatively correlated with the anterior chamber depth(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: For patients with first episode of APACG, pCT was diffusely thickened during attack and at 1wk after surgery. The pCT returned to normal at 1mo, while it became thinner at 1a. Furthermore, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension, and the choroidal thickness may play an important role in the attack of APACG.

Role of the criteria based on preoperative serological indexes of AFP and GGT in predicting long-term survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the role of preoperative serological indexes in predicting long-term survival and tumor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after liver transplantation, aiming to explore its significance in expanding the Milan criteria. Methods Clinical data of 669 recipients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal cut-off value was calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The risk factors affecting the overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates of HCC patients after liver transplantation were identified by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The correlation between preoperative serum liver enzymes and pathological characteristics in HCC patients was analyzed. The predictive values of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) combined with γ -glutamyl transferase (GGT) and different liver transplant criteria for the survival and recurrence of HCC patients after liver transplantation were compared. Results Exceeded Milan criteria, total tumor diameter (TTD) > 8 cm, AFP > 200 ng/mL and GGT > 84 U/L were the independent risk factors for the overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates of HCC patients after liver transplantation (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that preoperative serum GGT level was correlated with TTD, number of tumor, venous invasion, microsatellite lesions, capsular invasion, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, Child-Pugh score and exceeded Milan criteria (all P < 0.05). Milan-AFP-GGT-TTD (M-AGT) criteria were proposed by combining Milan criteria, TTD with serum liver enzyme indexes (AFP and GGT). The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates of HCC recipients who met the M-AGT criteria (111 cases of exceeded Milan criteria) were significantly higher than those who met Hangzhou criteria (both P < 0.05), whereas had no significant difference from their counterparts who met the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) criteria (both P > 0.05). Conclusions Preoperative serological indexes of AFP and GGT could effectively predict the long-term survival and tumor recurrence of HCC patients after liver transplantation. Establishing the M-AGT criteria based on serological indexes contributes to expanding the Milan criteria, which is convenient and feasible.

Babaodan Alleviates APAP-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice by Inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Babaodan （BBD） on the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3/cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 （NLRP3/Caspase-1） pathway proteins in mice with acetaminophen （APAP）-induced acute liver injury. MethodC57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped， and BBD （75， 150， 300 mg·kg-1， ig） was administered twice a day for three days. After 2 hours of the last administration， the mice were treated with APAP （400 mg·kg-1， ip）， and the eyeballs were removed to collect blood after 14 hours. Then they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation for sample collection. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of liver tissue cells， and biochemical methods were used to detect the activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） in serum of mice in each group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to determine the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-6， and Western blot was performed to determine the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， NLRP3， Caspase-1 and IL-18 in the liver of mice. ResultCompared with the conditions in normal group， the hepatic lobule structure of mice in the model group was partially destroyed， and the hepatic sinusoids were dilated. And the expression levels of ALT and AST in serum， the protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， iNOS， IL-18 and COX-2 and the mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the administration groups had improvement in liver cell rupture and hepatic sinusoidal compression， and a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of ALT and AST in serum as well as the protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， iNOS， IL-18 and COX-2 and the the mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBBD can reduce APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mechanism may be related to anti-oxidative stress， inhibition of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway， and decreased expression levels of IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α and IL-6.

Clinical value of pulse pressure/central venous pressure ratio in low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the relationship between the pulse pressure/central venous pressure (PP/CVP) ratio and the cardiac output (CO) of patients after cardiac surgery from the basic principles of hemodynamics, and to further evaluate the predictive value of PP/CVP ratio in patients with secondary low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted, and patients who received pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring were enrolled at the department of critical care medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2016, to September 1, 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: the LCOS group [cardiac index (CI) < 33.34 mL·s -1·m -2, 25 cases] and the non-LCOS group (CI ≥ 33.34 mL·s -1·m -2, 125 cases) according to the CI at 6 hours after surgery. The general clinical data and hemodynamic parameters were collected. Correlations between PP/CVP ratio and PiCCO monitoring indicators were performed with Pearson or Spearman correlation test. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis was carried out to evaluate the predictive value of the parameters in patients with LCOS after cardiac surgery. Results:A total of 150 patients with PiCCO monitoring after cardiac surgery were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups, while PP in the LCOS group was lower than that in the non-LCOS group [mmHg (1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 40 (37, 44) vs. 55 (46, 64)], CVP was higher than that in the non-LCOS group [mmHg: 12 (11, 14) vs. 10 (8, 12)], and PP/CVP ratio in the LCOS group was lower than that in the non-LCOS group [3.3 (2.9, 3.7) vs. 5.5 (4.6, 6.8)], with significant differences (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that PP/CVP ratio was positively correlated with CI, CO, and stroke volume index (SVI), respectively ( rs = 0.660, 0.592, 0.600, all P < 0.001). CI was negatively correlated with PP ( rs = 0.509, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with CVP ( rs = -0.297, P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed that compared with PP, CVP, SVI and cardiac function index (CFI), PP/CVP ratio was the best predictor of LCOS after cardiac surgery [area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.94±0.02, P < 0.001], when the optimum cut-off value was 4.41, the sensitivity was 80.00%, and the specificity was 96.00%. Conclusion:PP/CVP ratio was moderately positively correlated with CO after cardiac surgery, and PP/CVP ratio could be used as a prognostic predictor for LCOS after cardiac surgery.

Research progress of intervention effect of physical activity on blood pressure control in survivors of acute type A aortic dissection / 中国实用护理杂志

Blood pressure is A key factor for the prognosis of survivors of aortic dissection. Exercise plays an irreplaceable role in improving blood pressure of Stanford type A aortic dissection survivors. However, Stanford type A aortic dissection survivors generally have the problem of reduced physical activity, which is often ignored by many medical workers and patients. This paper focused on the mechanism, benefits, sports content and intervention strategies of exercise therapy in improving blood pressure in survivors of acute Stanford Type A aortic dissection, in order to improve the attention of medical workers to exercise in survivors of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection survivors to develop exercise program to provide some guidance.

Comparative study on the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound- and CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy in peripheral lung masses / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) - and CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung masses.Methods:The clinical data of 90 patients with peripheral lung masses who underwent puncture biopsy in Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University from October 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different puncture guidance methods, patients were divided into CEUS-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy group (CEUS group, n=40) and the CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy group (CT group, n=50) , and the differences in puncture success rates, complication rates and other factors between the two groups were evaluated. Meanwhile, the correlations between microvascular density (MVD) and CEUS parameters were detected. Results:The puncture success rate in the CEUS group was higher than that in the CT group, but there was no statistically significant difference [97.5% (39/40) vs. 92.0% (46/50) , P=0.337], and the complication rate in the CEUS group was significantly lower than that in the CT group [0 (0/40) vs. 12.0% (6/50) , P=0.032]. Compared with the CT group, the CEUS group has fewer punctures [ (2.0±1.6) times vs. (2.8±1.2) times, t=-2.43, P=0.018], shorter duration [ (7.6±2.5) min vs. (15.3±2.6) min, t=-8.86, P<0.001] and lower cost of surgery [ (1 308.4±545.6) yuan vs. (2 046.4±645.3) yuan, t=-2.01, P=0.046]. The MVD, CEUS peak intensity and enhancement index of lung adenocarcinoma were higher than those of squamous cell carcinoma [ (25.4±4.9) /HP) vs. (16.6±7.3) /HP, t=3.43, P=0.002; (46.9±6.5) db vs. (36.8±5.4) db, t=4.12, P<0.001; 5.2±1.4 vs. 4.1±1.2, t=3.27, P=0.006]. The peak intensity and intensity index of CEUS in lung adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were positively correlated with itself MVD (squamous cell carcinoma: r=0.66, P<0.001; r=0.56, P<0.001; adenocarcinoma: r=0.62, P<0.001; r=0.70, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Although CEUS-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy does not achieve a higher puncture success rate in the diagnosis of peripheral lung masses compared to CT, it really decreases the complication rate, and has the advantages of less time, low cost, no radiation and real-time dynamic monitoring, which is worth promoting in clinic. Moreover, there are correlations between CEUS quantitative parameters of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and MVD, which may be useful for diagnosis.

Investigation on prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild mice in Shitai County, Anhui Province, 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in wild mice in Shitai County, Anhui Province, so as to provide insights into precise control of the source of S. japonicum infections. Methods Wild mice were captured using the trapping method for three successive nights at snail-infested settings from Jitan Village of Jitan Township, and Shiquan Village and Xibai Village of Dingxiang Township, Shitai County, Anhui Province in June and October, 2018. All trapped wild mice were sacrificed and liver and mesenteric vein specimens were collected for detection of S. japonicum eggs using microscopy, while the fecal samples in mouse intestines were collected for identification of S. japonicum infections using Kato-Katz technique. In addition, the population density of trapped wild mice was estimated and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection was calculated in trapped wild mice. Results A total of 376 wild mice were trapped from three villages in Shitai County. The population density of trapped wild mice was 9.1% (376/4 124), and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection was 24.2% (91/376) in trapped wild mice. The highest prevalence of S. japonicum infection was detected in Shiquan Village of Dingxiang Township (30.1%), and the lowest prevalence was seen in Xibai Village of Dingxiang Township; however, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of S. japonicum infection in trapped wild mice among three villages (χ2= 4.111, P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild mice captured between on June (26.8%, 34/127) and October (22.9%, 57/249) (χ2 = 0.690, P = 0.406). The trapped wild mice included 6 species, including Rattus norvegicus, Niviventer niviventer, R. losea, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus and N. coning, and the two highest prevalence of S. japonicum infection was detected in R. losea (34.9%, 22/63) and R. norvegicus (31.2%, 44/141). Conclusions The prevalence of S. japonicum infections is high in wild mice in Shitai County, and there is a natural focus of schistosomiasis transmission in Shitai County.

Strategies and measures for improving the quality of Investigator-Initiated Trials / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explored how medical and health institutions can improve the quality of Investigator-Initiated Trials(IIT).Methods:Strategies and measures were proposed to ensure the quality of IIT based on the combination of related literature review and IIT management experiences analysis.Results:Institutions can carry out following measurements to improve the quality of IIT, which include setting up tailored IIT management department, establish centralized management system; conducting systematic regulatory and clinical research methodology trainings; develop effective quality control system and quality assessment index, applying electronic information system and platform to optimize the management.Conclusions:Strengthen the standardized management is an effective strategy to improve the quality of IIT in medical and health institutions.

Comparative study on the growth of pulmonary artery and left ventricle between two kinds of surgical repair for tetralogy of Fallot / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To compare the growth speed of pulmonary artery and left ventricle after the repair of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) with valve-sparing and transannular patch.Methods:The clinical data of children with tetralogy of Fallot admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to October 2020 were reviewed. According to the way of relieving right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, they were divided into two groups: valve-sparing and transannular patch. Independent sample t test or non- parametric test was used to compare the pulmonary artery and left ventricular growth indexes before operation and at the last follow-up between the two groups. The paired t test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative indexes. Results:A total of 104 children with tetralogy of Fallot, including 58 males and 46 females, had surgery at a median age and weight of 6.7(4.1, 10.3) months and 7.0(5.8, 8.4) kg, respectively. The preoperative Nakata index, McGoon ratio, pulmonary artery Z-score, left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV) index and Z-score in valve-sparing were higher than those in transannular patch( P=0.001, 0.000, 0.003, 0.000, 0.000). At the last follow-up, the Z-scores of pulmonary arteries in both groups were greater than those before operation( P=0.016, 0.000), the LVEDV Z-score in transannular patch was greater than that before surgery( P=0.000), while the LVEDV Z-score of valve-sparing was not significantly different from that before operation( P=0.581), there was no significant difference in pulmonary artery Z-score and LVEDV Z-score between two groups( P=0.468, 0.884). The difference between the last follow-up and preoperative of pulmonary artery Z-score and LVEDV Z-score in valve-sparing was smaller than that in transannular patch( P=0.000, 0.000). Conclusion:Compared with valve-sparing, the pulmonary artery and left ventricle grow faster in transannular patch during the early stage after TOF repair.

Compassion fatigue of medical staff working in centralized quarantine sites and its influencing factors during COVID-19 epidemic / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the compassion fatigue of medical staff working in centralized quarantine sites and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:From September 2020 to October 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 213 medical staff working in 13 quarantine centers in two districts of Shanghai. A self-made general information questionnaire, professional quality of life scale, general self-efficacy scale and perceived social support scale were used in the study.Results:The score of empathy satisfaction was 33.00(28.25, 37.75), and there were 141 cases (66.20%) with supercritical value. The score of job burnout was 26.00(21.50, 30.50), and 96 cases (45.07%) exceeded the critical value. The score of secondary traumatic stress was 25.00(20.50, 29.50), and 192 cases (90.14%) exceeded the critical value. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that average daily working hours, job satisfaction, self-evaluation of work pressure, general self-efficacy and perceived social support were the influencing factors of compassion fatigue among medical staff. Compared with those who worked for 0 h in the polluted area, those who worked for more than 8 h had a higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=7.787, 95 %CI: 1.127-53.820);compared with those who were more satisfied with their work, those who were less satisfied with their work had a higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=6.209,95 %CI:1.474-26.157); compared with those with no or low stress, those with high stress had higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=2.567, 95 %CI: 1.228-5.366); compared with those with high self-confidence, those with low self-confidence or moderate self-confidence had higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=13.519, 95 %CI: 3.394-53.848; OR=3.462, 95 %CI: 1.038-11.548); compared with those with high perceived social support, those with low perceived social support had higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=2.071, 95 %CI: 1.027-4.175) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The status of compassion fatigue of medical staff working in the centralized quarantine sites need to be improved. We should pay more attention to the those medical staff having long daily working hours in the polluted area, those with low job satisfaction, poor self-evaluation of work pressure, poor general self-efficacy and low perceived social support.

Effect of air-oxygenated normothermic mechanical perfusion on rat kidney recovery following ischemic injury from donation after cardiac death / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To develop an ex vivo normothermic mechanical perfusion(NMP)and compare the effect of air-oxygenated NMP versus oxygen-oxygenated NMP on reducing renal injury from donor after cardiac death(DCD).Methods:All kidneys from DCD rats were subjected to 30 min in situ warm ischemia after cardiac attest.And harvested kidneys were stored for 8h under static cold preservation after NMP for 2h.In experimental groups, kidneys were subjected to either air-oxygenated NMP(group A, n=6)or oxygen-oxygenated NMP(group O, n=6). Sham operation(group C, n=6)and DCD kidneys under static cold preservation without NMP(group SCS, n=6)were employed as controls.The evaluation parameters included creatinine(Cr), aspartate amino transferase(AST)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in perfusate, pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining, histological criteria, expressions of myeloperoxidase and intercellular adhesion molecular-1(ICAM-1)by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and level of malondialdehyde(MDA)by thiobarbital method and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)by WST-8 in renal tissues.Differences between two groups were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student's test and differences among more than two groups by one-way ANOVA.Results:Renal arterial oxygen tensions in NMP perfusate were(576.3±68.2)mmHg with oxygen-oxygenation and(137.0±39.1)mmHg with air-oxygenation.There was significant difference( P<0.05). The pathological injury scores in groups SCS, O and A by HE staining were(7.0±0.1), (5.0±0.9)and(2.5±0.5); injury scores and the expressions of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration in groups O and A were lower than those in group SCS( P<0.05)and injury score in group A was lower than group O( P<0.05). In perfusate, the levels of △Cr, △AST and △LDH in groups O and A were(43.9±52.8)μmol/L and(12.6±3.5)μmol/L, (532.3±52.8)U/L and(49.1±50.4)U/L and(9998.0±2014.4)U/L and(1477.0±810.4)U/L.There were significant differences( P<0.05). In perfused kidneys, the MDA level and SOD activity in groups O and A were(0.192±0.018)mmol/g, (0.162±0.023)mmol/g, (0.6±0.3)×10 3 U/g, (1.7±0.4)×10 3 U/g; TNF-α and IL-6 levels in groups O and A were(124.376±19.635)and(89.331±13.123)ng/g, and(4.038±1.026)×10 3 and(1.774±0.518)×10 3 ng/g.After air-oxygenated NMP, lower renal damage indices were characterized by a lower MDA level and a higher SOD activity, the lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the lower expressions of MPO and ICAM-1 than those in oxygen-oxygenated NMP( P<0.05). Conclusions:NMP with air-oxygenation mimics renal perfusion under physiological conditions and decreases oxidative stress and inflammation injury.It may confer a better retrieval in DCD kidney against warm ischemia injury.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Psoriasis by Regulating microRNA： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The incidence of psoriasis which is characterized by dryness， scaling and itching of the skin has been on the rise. It can have a profound psychological impact on patients' quality of life. Accumulating research has been conducted on the mechanisms of psoriasis in western medicine， from the difference of pathological manifestations of terminal keratinocytes， the disorder of expression of related factors and cells， to the immune imbalance of T lymphocytes and their subsets， or the abnormal transcription dominated by genetic genes. As a result， a complex and huge mechanism network has formed and many hypotheses have emerged. In recent years， with the in-depth research on non-coding genes， it has been clarified that microRNA-modified multi-pathway effect interferes with the occurrence and development of psoriasis and affects the proliferation， apoptosis， and differentiation of keratinocytes. The research on microRNA involves both genetics and immunology， which can help improve the key links in the micro pathway of psoriasis. Thus， it is a key part in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and has also become the hotspot and difficulty of modern research on psoriasis. At the same time， we should give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in syndrome differentiation and treatment. To be specific， microRNA targets of compound Chinese medicine preparations with the functions of clearing heat， cooling blood， detoxifying and removing blood stasis or effective medicinal monomers such as paeonol， tripterygium glycosides， shikonin， curcumin， total glucosides of paeony and indirubin should be explored， and microRNA can be used as the basis for blood syndrome differentiation of psoriasis. Thereby， the syndrome differentiation theory of TCM and micro indicators of western medicine are integrated， to make full use of characteristics of TCM and guide the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. At present， the intervention on microRNA in TCM is rarely studied， and available studies mainly focus on several targets such as microRNA-155， microRNA-210， microRNA-21， microRNA-203， microRNA-320， microRNA-124， microRNA-330， microRNA-146a， and microRNA-15a-5p. This paper summarizes the research on compound Chinese medicine prescriptions and monomers in the treatment and syndrome differentiation of psoriasis through the intervention of microRNA， which is expected to provide a reference for the research on psoriasis in TCM and western medicine and the establishment of microRNA-based database.

Serum Metabonomics Analysis of Diarrhea Mice Intervened by Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Based on UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the antidiarrheal effect and mechanism of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens on diarrhea mice， and to provide research basis for the inhibition of intestinal peristalsis by Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and its application in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. MethodThe diarrhea model of mice was established by Sennae Folium. The control group， model group， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens low-， medium-， high-dose groups （0.1， 0.32， 1.0 g·kg-1） and loperamide group （1.6 g·kg-1） were set. The intervention effect of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens with different doses on diarrhea mice was detected by diarrhea score， incidence rate of loose stools （LSIR）， grade of average loose stools （ALSG）， diarrhea index （DI）， intestinal propulsion rate and intestinal pathological section. The serum metabonomics of mice was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS）， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）. The conditions were as follows：mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution （B） for gradient elution （0-3.5 min， 5%-15%B； 3.5-6 min， 15%-30%B； 6-6.5 min， 30%B； 6.5-12 min， 30%-70%B； 12-12.5 min， 70%B； 12.5-18 min， 70%-100%B）， flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1， injection volume of 5 µL， electrospray ionization （ESI）， positive and negative ion detection modes， acquisition range of m/z 100-1 500. ResultCompared with the model group， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens high-dose group could obviously reduce the diarrhea score， LSIR， ALSG， DI and intestinal propulsion rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and improve the intestinal mucosal injury. There were 40 main differential metabolites among the control group， model group and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens high-dose group， including glucose 1-phosphate， xanthine， xanthosine and so on. The metabolic pathways mainly included starch and sucrose metabolism， amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism， fructose and mannose metabolism， tryptophan metabolism， and galactose metabolism. ConclusionZingiberis Rhizoma Recens can inhibit intestinal peristalsis in diarrhea mice and exert antidiarrhoea effect， the mechanism of which may be related to the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.

Deep chemical identification of phytoecdysteroids in Achyranthes bidentata Blume by UHPLC coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and targeted isolation / 中国天然药物

Achyranthes bidentata Blume is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys and strengthening muscles and bones. In this work, a rapid and simple strategy was developed for characterizing phytoecdysteroids by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with liner ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the negative mode. As a result, 47 phytoecdysteroids were unambiguously or tentatively characterized. Among them, seven known compounds were identified according to the reference standards along with molecular formula, retention time and fragmentation patterns, while others were mostly potential new compounds. Through targeted isolation, the structures of three new compounds were determined by NMR spectra, which were consistent with LC-MS characterization. The present study provides an efficient method to deeply characterize phytoecdysteroids.

Simultaneous determination of 11 active components in Lonicera japonica flowers and leaves at different development stages by HPLC-DAD / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to develop an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of 11 components(6 phenolic acids and 5 iridoids) in Lonicera japonica flowers(LjF) and leaves(LjL), and compare the content differences of LjF at different development stages, LjL at different maturity levels, and between LjF and LjL. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were employed to compare the content of the 11 components. The content of total phenolic acids, total iridoid glycosides, and total 11 components in LjF showed an overall downward trend with the development of flowers. The content of total phenolic acids, total iridoid glycosides, and total 11 components in young leaves were higher than those in mature leaves. The results of PCA showed that the samples at different flowering stages had distinguishable differences in component content. The VIP value of OPLS-DA showed that isochlorogenic acid A, chlorogenic acid, and secologanic acid were the main differential components of LjF at different development stages or LjL with different maturity levels. LjF and LjL have certain similarities in chemical composition while significant differences in component content. The content of total phenolic acids in young leaves was significantly higher than that in LjF at various development stages. The content of total iridoid glycosides in young leaves was similar to that in LjF before white flower bud stage. The total content of 11 components in young leaves was significantly higher than that in LjF at green flower bud stage, before and during completely white flower bud stage. LjL have great potential for development. Follow-up research on the pharmacodynamic equivalence of LjF and LjL(especially young leaves) should be carried out to speed up the development and application of LjL.

Analysis of chemical constituents in classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction based on RP-Q-TOF-MS and HILIC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction were analyzed by reversed-phase(RP) chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RP separation of Danggui Buxue Decoction was performed on ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm), while HILIC separation was on Waters BEH Amide(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm). Mass spectrometry(MS) data were acquired in both negative and positive ion modes. Chemical constituents of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were searched from Reaxys and thus the in-house library was established. MS data were further analyzed by MassLynx 4.1 combined with in-house library, HMDB, Reaxys, and comparison with reference substances. In conclusion, a total of 154 compounds were identified and characterized: 16 saponins, 44 flavonoids, 10 phthalides, 7 phenylpropanoids, 15 bases and the corresponding nucleosides, 30 oligosaccharides, and 32 other compounds. Among them, 65 compounds were detected by HILIC-MS/MS. This study provides experimental evidences for the material basis research, quality control, and preparation development of Danggui Buxue Decoction and a reference method for comprehensive characterization of Chinese medicine decoctions typified by classical prescriptions.

Quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Sanpian Decoction / 中国中药杂志

According to the polarity of different components in Sanpian Decoction, two fingerprints were established. Then the substance benchmark freeze-dried powder of 15 batches of Sanpian Decoction was prepared, followed by the determination of the fingerprints, index component content, and dry extract rates, the identification of attribution of characteristic peaks, and the calculation of similarities between these fingerprints and the reference(R), the content and transfer rate ranges of ferulic acid, sinapine thiocyanate, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid, and the dry extract rate range. The results showed that the similarities of 15 batches of the substance benchmark fingerprints with R were all greater than 0.900.Further summarization of the characteristic peaks revealed that there were a total of 20 characteristic peaks in fingerprint 1, among which, eight were from Sinapis Semen, four from Paeoniae Radix Alba, six from Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and two from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. A total of 16 characteristic peaks were observed in fingerprint 2, including one from Sinapis Semen, three from Paeoniae Radix Alba, eight from Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and four from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The average dry extract rate of 15 batches of substance benchmarks was 18.25%, with a dry extract rate range of 16.28%-20.76%. The index component content and transfer rate ranges were listed as follows: 0.15%-0.18% and 38.81%-58.05% for ferulic acid; 0.26%-0.42% and 36.51%-51.02% for sinapine thiocyanate; 0.09%-0.15% and 48.80%-76.61% for liquiritin; 0.13%-0.24% and 23.45%-35.61% for glycyrrhizic acid. The fingerprint, dry extract rate, and index component content determination was combined for analyzing the quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in the classic prescription Sanpian Decoction.The established quality evaluation method for the substance benchmarks was stable and feasible, which has provided a basis for the quality control of Sanpian Decoction and the follow-up development of related preparations.

Data mining-based analysis of formulation rules for prescriptions containing herbal pair Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix / 中国中药杂志

By the in-depth excavation of prescriptions containing herbal pair Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix in the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions, this study analyzed their formulation rules, so as to provide reference for their clinical application and new drug development. First, the prescriptions containing Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix were collected from the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions, and their indications, herbal compatibility, and dosage forms were analyzed statistically using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(TCMISS). Meanwhile, the formulation rules and common dosage forms for the top four indications(amnesia, palpitation, mania, and epilepsy) sorted by frequency were analyzed with Apriori algorithm. A total of 507 prescriptions containing Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix were screened out, involving 15 indications(frequency>10) like amnesia, palpitation, mania, and epilepsy. There were 30 commonly used Chinese herbs(frequency≥60), with the Qi-tonifying herbs(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome), mind-tranquilizing herbs(Poria and Poria cum Radix Pini), and Yin-nourishing herbs(Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Ophiopogonis Radix) being the core ones. The commonly used dosage forms were honey pill, paste pill, decoction, and powder. These have indicated that the herbal pair Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix is often combined with Qi-tonifying, Yin-nourishing, and mind-tranquilizing herbs for the treatment of "heart or brain diseases" caused by phlegm production due to spleen deficiency, Qi and blood deficiency, and phlegm-turbidity blocking orifice. In the treatment of amnesia, supplementing essence and replenishing marrow are considered on the basis of tonifying Qi, nourishing Yin, and tranquilizing mind. In the treatment of palpitation and mania, tranquilizing mind is emphasized. In the treatment of epilepsy, the emphasis is placed on resolving phlegm, extinguishing wind, and stopping convulsion.

Salidroside inhibits phenotypic transformation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by hypoxia / 中国中药杂志

This study investigated the effect of salidroside on phenotypic transformation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs) induced by hypoxia. Rat pulmonary arteries were isolated by tissue digestion and PASMCs were cultured. The OD values of cells treated with salidroside at different concentrations for 48 hours were measured by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) to determine the appropriate concentration range of salidroside. The cells were divided into a normal(normoxia) group, a model(hypoxia) group, and three hypoxia + salidroside groups(40, 60, and 80 μg·mL~(-1)). Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of cell contractile markers in each group, such as α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), smooth muscle 22(SM22), and calcium-binding protein(calponin), and synthetic marker vimentin. The expression levels of cell phenotypic markers and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) were detected by Western blot. The proliferation of cells in each group was detected by the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU) assay. Cell migration was measured by Transwell assay. As revealed by results, compared with the normal group, the model group showed decreased mRNA and protein expression of contractile phenotypic markers of PASMCs and increased mRNA and protein expression of synthetic markers. Compared with the conditions in the model group, salidroside could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of synthetic markers in PASMCs and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of contractile phenotypic markers. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed potentiated proliferation and migration. Compared with the model group, the hypoxia + salidroside groups showed blunted proliferation and migration of cells after phenotypic transformation. The results suggest that salidroside can inhibit the expression of synthetic markers in PASMCs and promote the expression of contractile markers to inhibit the hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation of PASMCs. The mechanism of salidroside in inhibiting the proliferation and migration of PASMCs is related to the inhibition of the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs.

Kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during hot-air drying / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during the hot-air drying process to obtain the optimal process parameters under multiple goals such as drying efficiency and drying quality. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate curves along with the change of drying time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were investigated at five levels of drying air temperatures(30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ℃). The relationship between moisture ratio and time in the drying process of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma was fitted and verified by Midilli model, Page model, Overhults model, Modified Page model, Logaritmic model, Two terms Exponential model, and Newton model. Meanwhile, the effective diffusion coefficient of moisture(D_(eff)) and activation energy(E_a) in Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were calculated under different drying air temperatures. GC-MS was used to determine the volatile components and content changes of the fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were closely related to the temperature of the drying medium, and the moisture of the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma decreased with the prolonged drying time. As revealed by the drying rate curve, the drying rate increased with the increase in hot air temperature, and the migration of moisture was accelerated. The comparison of the correlation coefficient(R~2), chi-square(χ~2), and root mean standard error(RMSE) of each model indicated that the parameter average of the Midilli model had the highest degree of fit, with R~2=0.999 2, χ~2=8.78×10~(-5), and RMSE=8.20×10~(-3). Besides, the D_(eff) at 30-70 ℃ was in the range of 1.04×10~(-9)-6.28×10~(-9) m~2·s~(-1), and E_a was 37.47 kJ·mol~(-1). The volatile components of fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures were determined by GC-MS, and 18, 18, 18, 17, 17, and 18 compounds were identified respectively, which accounted for more than 84.76% of the volatile components. In conclusion, the hot-air drying of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma can be model-fitted and verified and the variation law of the moisture and volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with temperature is obtained. This study is expected to provide new ideas for exploring the drying characteristics and quality of aromatic Chinese medicine.