Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in viral myocarditis / 心血管康复医学杂志

Viral myocarditis(VMC)is a common clinical cardiovascular disease,and inflammatory immune response is the main cause of VMC.Role that neutrophils play in VMC as a part of innate immune response has rarely been studied in the past.However,several studies have indicated that neutrophils can be involved in a variety of diseases through formation of a new defense mechanism called neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Moreover,NETs formation has been recently dis-covered in patients with active myocarditis and in myocardial pathological biopsies of VMC model,thus NETs are presumed to play a certain role in pathogenesis of VMC.The present article makes a review on role of NETs in VMC.

Mass spectrometry analysis of intact protein N-glycosylation signatures of cells and sera in pancreatic adenocarcinomas / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Pancreatic cancer is among the most malignant cancers, and thus early intervention is the key to better survival outcomes. However, no methods have been derived that can reliably identify early precursors of development into malignancy. Therefore, it is urgent to discover early molecular changes during pancreatic tumorigenesis. As aberrant glycosylation is closely associated with cancer progression, numerous efforts have been made to mine glycosylation changes as biomarkers for diagnosis; however, detailed glycoproteomic information, especially site-specific N-glycosylation changes in pancreatic cancer with and without drug treatment, needs to be further explored. Herein, we used comprehensive solid-phase chemoenzymatic glycoproteomics to analyze glycans, glycosites, and intact glycopeptides in pancreatic cancer cells and patient sera. The profiling of N-glycans in cancer cells revealed an increase in the secreted glycoproteins from the primary tumor of MIA PaCa-2 cells, whereas human sera, which contain many secreted glycoproteins, had significant changes of glycans at their specific glycosites. These results indicated the potential role for tumor-specific glycosylation as disease biomarkers. We also found that AMG-510, a small molecule inhibitor against Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) G12C mutation, profoundly reduced the glycosylation level in MIA PaCa-2 cells, suggesting that KRAS plays a role in the cellular glycosylation process, and thus glycosylation inhibition contributes to the anti-tumor effect of AMG-510.

Blood group changes in acute myeloid leukemia and their relationship with therapeutic effect / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the blood group changes of two acute myeloid leukemia patients with suspected O type, and their relationship with the therapeutic effect. 【Methods】 Serological analysis of ABO blood group of patients was carried out by microcolumn gel method, tube method and absorption-elution test, ABO blood group genotyping was performed by microfluidic chip method. Exons E2 to E7 of ABO gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced by Sanger method. 【Results】 The forward typing of two cases were both O type, but the reverse typing were both A type. The absorption-elution test results all showed detection of antigen A. ABO gene phenotype of the two cases were both A, with genotyping results as A102/A102 and A102/O01, respectively. Sequencing results showed that SNP sites of ABO blood group were 467T/T, 261G/delG and 467C/T, respectively.In one case, the intensity of anti-A agglutination reaction changed significantly from weak to strong with the progress of treatment. 【Conclusion】 For clinical samples of acute myeloid leukemia patients with ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancy and suspected O type, the result of reverse typing should be valued, and absorption-elution test should be performed to further confirm the ABO blood type combining the genetic test results, so as to develop appropriate blood transfusion strategies for patients.

Analysis and evaluation on Paeoniae Radix Alba from different cultivars by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC / 中国中药杂志

In this study, an established ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was combined with multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the commonality and difference of main chemical components in the medicinal parts of Paeonia lactiflora from different cultivars; in addition, a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method was established to simultaneously determine the content of eight active components in Paeoniae Radix Alba. Non-targeted analysis was carried out by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column with a gradient elution of 0.1% aqueous formic acid(A)-acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃, and an electrospray ionization source was used to acquire mass spectrometry data in positive and negative ion modes. According to the accurate molecular weight and fragment ion information provided by multi-stage mass spectrometry and by comparison with reference substances and literature reports, thirty-six identical components were identified in Paeoniae Radix Alba from different cultivars with positive and negative ion modes. In the negative ion mode, two groups of samples were well separated; specifically, seventeen components with significant differences in content were screened and identified, and one component unique in "Bobaishao" was obtained. Quantitative analysis was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) on an Agilent HC-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with a gradient elution of 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid(A)-acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was at 230 nm. An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight active components(gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, benzoyl-paeoniflorin) in Paeoniae Radix Albaa from different cultivars. Satisfactory linearity was achieved within the investigated linear ranges and with fine coefficients(r>0.999 0), and the methodological investigation showed that the method had good precision, repeatability and stability. The mean recoveries were 90.61% to 101.7% with RSD of 0.12% to 3.6%(n=6). UPLC-Q-OF-MS provided a rapid and efficient qualitative analytical method for the identification of the chemical components in Paeoniae Radix Alba, and the developed HPLC method was simple, rapid and accurate, which could provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the germplasm resources and herbal quality of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different cultivars.

Active components and mechanism of Jinwugutong Capsules in treatment of osteoporosis: a study based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS combined with network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS and network pharmacology were employed to preliminarily study the active components and mechanism of Jinwugutong Capsules in the treatment of osteoporosis. Firstly, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was employed to characterize the chemical components of Jinwugutong Capsules, and network pharmacology was employed to establish the "drug-component-target-pathway-disease" network. The key targets and main active components were thus obtained. Secondly, AutoDock was used for the molecular docking between the main active components and key targets. Finally, the animal model of osteoporosis was established, and the effect of Jinwugutong Capsules on the expression of key targets including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), albumin(ALB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). A total of 59 chemical components were identified from Jinwugutong Capsules, among which coryfolin, 8-prenylnaringenin, demethoxycurcumin, isobavachin, and genistein may be the main active components of Jinwugutong Capsules in treating osteoporosis. The topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network revealed 10 core targets such as AKT1, ALB, catenin beta 1(CTNNB1), TNF, and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment showed that Jinwugutong Capsules mainly exerted the therapeutic effect by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway and so on. Molecular docking showed that the main active components of Jinwugutong Capsules well bound to the key targets. ELISA results showed that Jinwugutong Capsules down-regulated the protein levels of AKT1 and TNF-α and up-regulated the protein level of ALB, which preliminarily verified the reliability of network pharmacology. This study indicates that Jinwugutong Capsules may play a role in the treatment of osteoporosis through multiple components, targets, and pathways, which can provide reference for the further research.

Assessment of the impact of hyperuricemia on the risk of thyroid nodules based on propensity score matching / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN) among people undergoing physical examination in Taiyuan City, and evaluate the impact of hyperuricemia (HUA) on the risk of TN.Methods:Using a prospective design, a total of 42 966 people who underwent routine physical examination at Shanxi Shangning Health Examination Center from October 2020 to October 2021 were selected as subjects and divided into the HUA group ( n = 7 235) and the non-HUA group ( n = 35 731) based on the serum uric acid levels. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to balance the confounding factors between groups, and logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of HUA on the risk of TN. Results:The total detection rate of TN in the physical examination population was 55.6% (23 907/42 966). The detection rate of TN in females [61.0% (15 011/24 618)] was higher than that in males [48.5% (8 896/18 348)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 664.55, P < 0.001). A total of 2 438 pairs of matching data were obtained after PSM, and the distribution of confounding factors in HUA and non-HUA groups reached equilibrium (the absolute values of standardized differences < 0.10). Logistic regression analysis before PSM showed that HUA was a protective factor for the incidence of TN in general population and males [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.696, 0.817, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.661 - 0.732, 0.768 - 0.868], while HUA was a risk factor for the incidence of TN in females ( OR = 1.370, 95% CI: 1.192 - 1.574). After PSM, HUA was not a influencing factor for the incidence of TN in general population and males ( P > 0.05), but it was still a risk factor in females for the onset of TN ( OR = 1.373, 95% CI: 1.014 - 1.858). Conclusion:In the physical examination population in Taiyuan City, HUA is an independent risk factor for TN in females.

Progress of lipoxygenase in liver ischemia reperfusion injury / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the main causes of liver dysfunction or functional failure after liver transplantation or liver resection. As the main organ of lipid metabolism, liver is closely related to lipid metabolic balance. Lipoxygenase is a non-heme iron-containing oxidases that oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce hydroxy-eicosanotetraenoic acid. Lipoxygenase is excessively expressed during liver ischemia, causing lipid metabolic disorders. High expression of several proinflammatory cytokines induced by lipoxygenase during liver reperfusion. Lipid peroxidation induced by lipoxygenase leads to the production of lipid oxygen free radicals, which induces iron death mainly characterized by lipid peroxidation, thus affecting apoptosis and tissue damage. This review mainly introduces the latest progress of lipoxygenase in liver IRI.

Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome for alleviating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中华器官移植杂志

The review focuses upon the mechanism of exosome derived from mesenchymal stem cells in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)to provide references for clinical application of exosomes in alleviating hepatic IRI.

Analysis on the Development Status of Laboratory Animals in Japan / 实验动物与比较医学

Experimental animals have made important contributions to human medical research and life and health. It is known that the development of laboratory animal science in Japan has been relatively rapid in the past few decades, providing important support for the development of the world's experimental animal field. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the management mode and resource storage situation of Japanese experimental animals, analyze the advantages of Japanese experimental animal development, and propose suggestions to strengthen the high-quality development of experimental animals in China. Through literature research, the authors first analyzed the management system of experimental animals in Japan, including regulations and policies, research funding management, experimental animal management, talent cultivation, and standard and normative systems. Then, the current status of experimental animal research in Japan was summarized, including experimental animal resources, major research institutions, and production enterprises. On this basis, it was found that the field of experimental animal research in Japan currently exhibits characteristics such as a complete policy system, flexible management methods, rich resource reserves, and large-scale industrial development. Finally, by comparing the existing problems in China, suggestions for the development of experimental animal technology in China are proposed: (1) drawing on the legal management method of experimental animals in Japan, strengthening and improving the legislation and management model of experimental animals in China; (2) increaseing investment in scientific research funds, playing the role of research institutions, societies and industries, and promoting the incremental construction and industrial development of experimental animal resources.

EGFR-TKI Combined with Pemetrexed versus EGFR-TKI Monotherapy in Advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC: A Prospective, Randomized, Exploratory Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#We aimed to evaluate whether the addition of pemetrexed is effective in improving progression-free survival (PFS) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutated patients with or without concomitant alterations. @*Materials and Methods@#This multicenter clinical trial was conducted in China from June 15, 2018, to May 31, 2019. A total of 92 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR-sensitive mutations were included and divided into concomitant and non-concomitant groups. Patients in each group were randomly treated with EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy or EGFR-TKI combined with pemetrexed in a ratio of 1:1. PFS was recorded as the primary endpoint. @*Results@#The overall median PFS of this cohort was 10.1 months. There were no significant differences in PFS between patients with and without concomitant and between patients received TKI monotherapy and TKI combined with pemetrexed (p=0.210 and p=0.085, respectively). Stratification analysis indicated that patients received TKI monotherapy had a significantly longer PFS in non-concomitant group than that in concomitant group (p=0.002). In concomitant group, patients received TKI combined with pemetrexed had a significantly longer PFS than patients received TKI monotherapy (p=0.013). Molecular dynamic analysis showed rapidly emerging EGFR T790M in patients received TKI monotherapy. EGFR mutation abundance decreased in patients received TKI combined chemotherapy, which supports better efficacy for a TKI combined chemotherapy as compared to TKI monotherapy. A good correlation between therapeutic efficacy and a change in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) status was found in 66% of patients, supporting the guiding role of ctDNA minimal residual disease (MRD) in NSCLC treatment. @*Conclusion@#EGFR-TKI monotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients without concomitant alterations, while a TKI combined chemotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients with concomitant alterations. CtDNA MRD may be a potential biomarker for predicting therapeutic efficacy.

Comparative study on the theme of traditional Chinese medicine policies among different provinces of China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To clarify the core content of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） policy in the provinces of China， so as to provide reference for optimizing the structure of the policy system of traditional Chinese medicine in China and assisting the inheritance and innovation of TCM industry in various regions. METHODS The websites of directly affiliated organs in 31 provinces， excluding Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan， were retrieved to collect the TCM policies released from 2000 to 2021. The importance of keywords in the TCM policies of each province was measured based on term frequency-inverse documentation frequency （TF-IDF） keyword extraction method， and the similarities and differences were analyzed among TCM policies. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 99 documents related to TCM policies of various provinces were obtained in this study， most of which were released after 2016. The theme of national TCM policy covered four aspects： building TCM talent team， perfecting TCM service system， strengthening TCM resource management and promoting TCM industry innovation. The TF-IDF values of “medical institutions”“traditional Chinese medicine”“medical treatment” were higher than other keywords in each province， indicating that the provinces paid more attention to the construction of TCM service system and the management of TCM resources than other aspects. Anhui and Jiangsu， Beijing and Henan， Hubei and Jilin， Hubei and Tianjin， and Hubei and Yunnan had the more degree of similarity in TCM policies， which all contained 16 of the same keywords. Therefore， the above regions should be encouraged to strengthen exchanges and cooperation and realize mutual promotion and joint development. Among all the keywords whose importance ratio was greater than 0.2，“ Tibetan medicine” was unique to Qinghai and Tibet，“ disease type” was unique to Guangdong， and the TF-IDF value of “supervision and management” in Beijing was higher， indicating that the emphasis of TCM policy formulation in different provinces was various. Meanwhile， the top 10 keywords of TF- IDF value in all provinces did not have words related to financial input， and the TF-IDF values of “informatization” in most provinces did not rank at the top. It is suggested to increase financial input or encourage social financing， and add “Internet+new business” in the field of TCM.

Application of injection autologous tissue homogenate implantation in surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism / 中国现代医生

Objective To investigate the application value of injectable autogenous tissue homogenate implantation in surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Methods A total of 46 patients with SHPT who underwent long-term regular hemodialysis and failed medical treatment in Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital from June 2017 to June 2021 were selected.According to random number table method,the patients were divided into homogenate injection group and particle embedding group,with 23 cases in each group.Parathyroidectomy(PTX)plus autogenous forearm injection homogenate implantation was performed in homogenate injection group,and PTX plus autogenous forearm particle implantation was performed in particle embedding group.The changes in blood calcium,blood phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)of two groups before and after operation,as well as the improvements in vascular calcification,pruritus,bone pain,and sleep disorders after operation were compared.Results One year after surgery,the serum calcium level of two groups were significantly higher than before treatment,and the serum phosphorus,iPTH and ALP levels were significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05).The serum calcium level in homogenate injection group was significantly higher than that in particle embedding group,and the serum phosphorus,iPTH and ALP levels were significantly lower than those in particle embedding group(P<0.05).The improvement of blood vessel calcification,pruritus,bone pain and sleep disorder in homogenate injection group were better than those in particle embedding group(P<0.05).Conclusion Injectable autologous tissue homogenate implantation for refractory SHPT patients is safe and effective,with high success rate,less trauma,and can improve patient symptoms and quality of life.

Effect of Rheb1 in the Development of Mouse Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitor Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Rheb1 in the development of mouse megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#Rheb1 was specifically knocked-out in the hematopoietic system of Vav1-Cre;Rheb1fl/fl mice(Rheb1Δ/Δ mice). Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of red blood cells in peripheral blood and erythroid cells in bone marrow in Vav1-Cre;Rheb1fl/fl mice and control mice. The CFC assay was used to detect the differentiation ability of Rheb1 KO megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and control cells. Real-time fluorescence quantification PCR was used to detect the relative expression of PU.1,GATA-1,GATA-2,CEBPα and CEBPβ of Rheb1 KO megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and control cells. Rapamycin was added to the culture medium, and it was used to detect the changes in cloning ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells from wild-type mice in vitro.@*RESULTS@#After Rheb1 was knocked out, the development and stress response ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in mice were weaken and the differentiation ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro was weaken. Moreover, the expression of GATA-1 of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells was decreased. Further, rapamycin could inhibit the differentiative capacity of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro.@*CONCLUSION@#Rheb1 can regulate the development of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells probably through the mTOR signaling pathway in mice.

Application value of BIS and S100β combined with Copeptin in patients with acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the application value of bispectral index(BIS) , specific protein 100β(S100β) combined with Copeptinin patients with acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning (ASCMP). Methods: A total of 256 patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning admitted to Hengshui People's Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were collected, and they were divided into 30 mild cases, 40 moderate cases and 186 severe cases according to the degree of poisoning. Among them, patients with severe carbon monoxide poisoning were divided into a poor prognosis group (20 cases) and a good prognosis group (166 cases) according to whether adverse events occurred. The changes of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) , N-terminal precursor B-type brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) , BIS, S100β, and Copeptin in poisoned patients were measured. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the significance of relevant indicators for ASCMP patients. Results: Compared with the mild-to-moderate group, CK-MB, NT-proBNP, S100β, Copeptin increased, and BIS value decreased in the severe group (P< 0.05). 24 hours after admission, compared with the good prognosis group, CK-MB, NT-proBNP, S100β, Copeptin in the poor prognosis group increased, and the BIS value decreased (P<0.05). In the poor prognosis group, CK-MB, NT-proBNP, S100β, and Copeptin at 72 hours after admission were all lower than those at 24 hours after admission, and the BIS value was higher than that at 24 hours after admission (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ASCMP patients with increased S100β, Copeptin, and decreased BIS values had an increased risk of adverse events (P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the combined detection of BIS, S100β and Copeptin was 0.859, which had a great predictive value for the prognosis of ASCMP patients. Conclusion: BIS, S100β combined with Copeptin detection is of great value for early assessment of ASCMP disease and prognosis prediction.

Incidence and cause of abnormal cholesterol in children aged 2-18 years in a single center / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the abnormality and distribution of plasma cholesterol levels in single-center hospitalized children.@*METHODS@#The blood lipid levels of children aged 2-18 years who had blood lipid test results in Peking University First Hospital from June 2016 to June 2019 were etrospectively analyzed. Cholesterol oxidase method was used for total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected by clearance method. The counting data were compared with chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#The survey had involved 11 829 children (7 087 were boys and 4 742 were girls). 1 822 (15.4%) children were with elevated total cholesterol, 1 371 (11.6%) children with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 2 798 (23.7%) children with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. The total number of the children with abnormal cholesterol levels was 4 427 (37.4%). Among the 7 835 children who visited hospital due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia, 731 (9.3%) had elevated TC, 561 (7.2%) had elevated LDL-C, 1 886 (24.1%) had decreased HDL-C, and 2 576 (32.9%) had abnormal cholesterol levels. Among the children with different diseases, the difference in the incidence of abnormal cholesterol was statistically significant. The top three main groups of the children with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "dyslipidemia", "urinary tract disease", and "nutritional disease"; The top three main groups of the children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "respiratory diseases", "dyslipidemia", "hematological diseases and malignant tumors". Among the 1 257 blood li-pid test results sent by other departments, 300 cases had abnormal cholesterol levels (23.8%). Among them, there were 70 children with hypercholesterolemia (5.6%), 44 children with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.5%), and 224 children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17.8%). There were 365 (4.6%) children with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L) who needed to further exclude familiar hypercholesterolemia among the children who visited hospitals due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia.@*CONCLUSION@#Children in hospitals have a high incidence of cholesterol abnormalities. Doctors need to pay more attention to the cholesterol diagnosis and management regardless of the discipline, which not only helps to control secondary hypercholesterolemia, but also provides the possibility of detecting familial hypercholesterolemia in time.

Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes for coronary heart disease with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women by Logistic regression combined with ROC curve model / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the correlation of coronary heart disease(CHD) with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the prediction model via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve model. A retrospective comparison was made between 366 postmenopausal CHD patients from August 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, in the Department of Cardiology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, who were divided into the blood stasis syndrome group(n=196) and the non-blood stasis syndrome group(n=170). General clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to probe the correlation of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV), ankle-brachial index(ABI), and flow-mediated dilatation(FMD), and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with baPWV, ABI, and FMD were 1.123, 0.109, and 0.719, respectively(P=0.004, P=0.005, P<0.001),and the regression equation for predicting probability P was P=1/[1+e~(-(3.131+0.116×baPWV-2.217×ABI-0.330×FMD))]. ROC curve analysis suggested that in the context of baPWV≥19.19 m·s~(-1) or ABI≤1.22 or FMD≤9.7%, it was of great significance to predict the diagnosis of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women. The AUC of baPWV, ABI, FMD, and prediction probability P was 0.763, 0.607, 0.705, and 0.836, respectively. The AUC of prediction probability P was higher than that of each index alone(P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.888 and 0.647, respectively. The results demonstrate that baPWV, ABI, and FMD are independently correlated with CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women, and show certain independent predictive abilities(P<0.05). The combined evaluation of the three possesses the best diagnostic efficiency.

Visualization Analysis of the Trends and Hot Spots of BiochemistryExperiment Teaching Based on CiteSpace / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Biochemistry is a very important basic course for biology and medical disciplines, and it is one of the most rapidly developing and dynamic disciplines since the 21st century. Since theoretical teaching of biochemistry is very abstract, experiment teaching is an important part of understanding relevant theories and mastering practical skills. In the process of experiment teaching, it is always a key concern for teachers to keep abreast of new teaching concepts, new teaching methods, new teaching hotspots, and keep up with teaching trends. To this end, in this paper, the annual number of published papers, periodical distribution, research keywords, current status of research, hotspots and development trends of biochemical experiment teaching and research in China from 2011. 1. 1 to 2020. 12. 31 were visualized and analyzed by using CiteSpace with China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) as the data source. It was found that the number of articles published in each year remained basically stable, and the high frequency words were " biochemistry", " experimental teaching", " teaching reform", " biochemistry experiment", " reform", " teaching method", " innovation ability" and " teaching mode". The words with higher intensity are " flipped classroom" and " microlearning". Through timeline analysis, we found that the identities of " teaching" and " learning" are being exchanged, and improving students' independent learning ability has become the mainstream. The teaching mode combining advanced technology such as " virtual simulation" and " online teaching" has become the development trend and frontier of biochemistry experiment teaching. This paper aims to provide reference for the sustainable development of biochemistry experiment teaching in China through the above analysis.

Effect of HMGB1/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling axis-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the effect of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/ cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-1/Gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling axis-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group (Sham group), IRI 2 h group, IRI 6 h group, IRI 12 h group, glycyrrhizic acid (GA)+Sham group and GA+IRI 12 h group (n=8 in each group). AML12 cells were evenly divided into the Sham group, IRI 12 h group, GA+Sham group and GA+IRI 12 h group. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay(ELISA). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The pathological score of liver ischemia and cell apoptosis were compared among all groups. The expression level of HMGB1 in the liver tissues of each group was determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of HMGB1, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in the mouse liver tissues and AML12 cells were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the Sham group, the serum levels of ALT, AST, IL-1β and IL-6 and the relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in the liver tissues were all significantly up-regulated after IRI in each group (all P < 0.05), and showed significant time-dependent pattern along with the prolongation of reperfusion time. Compared with the Sham group, the pathological score of hepatic ischemia and the apoptosis rate of hepatocytes were significantly increased after IRI in each group (all P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression level of HMGB1 in the liver tissues was significantly up-regulated after IRI, which showed an increasing trend along with the prolongation within the period of 2-12 h. Western blot showed that compared with the Sham group, the relative expression levels of HMGB1, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in vivo and in vitro were up-regulated in the IRI 12 h group. The relative expression level of HMGB1 protein was significantly up-regulated, whereas those of Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins were significantly down-regulated in the GA+IRI 12 h group compared with those in the IRI 12 h group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Hepatocytes probably activate the Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway by releasing HMGB1, thereby triggering hepatocyte pyroptosis and leading to liver IRI. Inhibition of extracellular release of HMGB1 by GA may mitigate liver IRI.

Relationship between homocysteine level and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective　To investigate the relationship between homocysteine levels and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetic kidney disease.Methods　One hundred and fifty-nine inpatients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease were enrolled.Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence or absence of carotid plaque formation were detected.According to results,they were divided into two groups.50 cases are the normal carotid artery group;109 cases are the carotid atherosclerosis group,with or without plaque formation in the neck artery.The general clinical data,biochemical indexes and carotid color Doppler ultrasound indexes of the two groups of patients were collected and compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the effects of independent variables on CIMT thickening and plaque formation.According to the level of Hcy,patients was divided into three groups,the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis were compared among groups.ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of Hcy for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetic kidney disease.Results　(1)Among the patients with diabetic kidney disease,the Hcy,urea,and age of the carotid atherosclerosis group were higher than that of the normal group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);(2)Hcy was an independent risk factor for CIMT thickening and plaque formation (P<0.05);(3)Differences in CIMT thickening and plaque formation rate among the three groups of patients with different Hcy levels were statistically significant (P<0.05);(4)Analyze the value of Hcy for the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis through the ROC curve:the area under the ROC curve is 0.731,P<0.001.Conclusions　(1)In patients with diabetic nephropathy,patients with concurrent carotid atherosclerosis have significantly increased Hcy levels,and as Hcy levels increase,the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis increases;(2)Elevated Hcy is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy,and has certain predictive value for the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis.

Impact of inflammatory reaction levels and culprit plaque characteristics on preprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To determine the impact of inflammatory reaction levels and the culprit plaque characteristics on preprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The is a retrospective study. A total of 1 268 STEMI patients who underwent pre-intervention optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination of culprit lesion during emergency PCI were divided into 2 groups by preprocedural TIMI flow grade (TIMI 0-1 group (n =964, 76.0%) and TIMI 2-3 group (n =304, 24.0%)). Baseline clinical data of the 2 groups were collected; blood samples were collected for the detection of inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), myocardial injury marker, blood lipid, etc.; echocardiography was used to determine left ventricular ejection fraction; coronary angiography and OCT were performed to define the lesion length, diameter stenosis degree of the infarct-related arteries, presence or absence of complex lesions, culprit lesion type, area stenosis degree and vulnerability of culprit plaques. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent correlation factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of continuous independent correlation factors was analyzed, and the best cut-off value of TIMI 0-1 was respectively determined according to the maximum value of Youden index. Results: The mean age of 1 268 STEMI patients were (57.6±11.4) years old and 923 cases were males (72.8%). Compared with TIMI 2-3 group, the patients in TIMI 0-1 group were older and had higher N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, lower cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and higher hsCRP level (5.16(2.06, 11.78) mg/L vs. 3.73(1.51, 10.46) mg/L). Moreover, the hsCRP level of patients in TIMI 0-1 group was higher in the plaque rupture subgroup (all P<0.05). Coronary angiography results showed that compared with TIMI 2-3 group, the proportion of right coronary artery (RCA) as the infarct-related artery was higher, the angiographical lesion length was longer, minimal lumen diameter was smaller, and diameter stenosis was larger in TIMI 0-1 group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of plaque rupture was higher (75.8% vs. 61.2%) in TIMI 0-1 group. Plaque vulnerability was significantly higher in TIMI 0-1 group than that in TIMI 2-3 group with larger mean lipid arc (241.27°±46.78° vs. 228.30°±46.32°), more thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA, 72.4% vs. 57.9%), more frequent appearance of macrophage accumulation (84.4% vs. 70.7%) and cholesterol crystals (39.1% vs. 25.7%). Minimal flow area was smaller [1.3(1.1-1.7)mm2 vs. 1.4(1.1-1.9)mm2, all P<0.05] and flow area stenosis was higher (78.2%±10.6% vs. 76.3%±12.3%) in TIMI 0-1 group. Multivariable analysis showed that mean lipid arc>255.55°, cholesterol crystals, angiographical lesion length>16.14 mm, and hsCRP>3.29 mg/L were the independent correlation factors of reduced preprocedural TIMI flow grade in STEMI patients. Conclusions: Plaque vulnerability and inflammation are closely related to reduced preprocedural TIMI flow grade in STEMI patients.