Giant lipoma of the tongue: A case report and review of the literature

This report presents the case of a 49-year-old man who presented with giant masses that had recently grown on the bilateral sides of the tongue. A clinical examination revealed rubbery yellowish lesions protruding from the tongue.A panoramic radiograph showed an enlarged soft tissue shadow of the tongue. Computed tomography showed well-defined circumscribed mass exhibiting a homogeneous low density on the bilateral sides of the tongue. On magnetic resonance images, the masses showed a high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and iso-signal intensity with partially hyperintense margin on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. Surgical excision was performed, and a histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma. The patient recovered well with no sign ofrecurrence. A giant lipoma is defined as a lipoma larger than 5 cm in diameter. A literature review of giant lipomas of the tongue is also presented herein.

A Study on the Relationship between Fatigue, Psychosocial Stress, and Behavior that Reduces Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Exposure in Infertile Males

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify the relationships between fatigue, psychosocial stress, and behavior of infertile males that reduces endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure and to provide baseline data needed for nursing intervention. @*Methods@#A total of 110 infertile males were recruited from a special fertility hospital in Gwangju city in Korea. The participants were administered a self-reported questionnaire. @*Results@#The mean scores were as follows: for fatigue, 59.1 out of 133; for psychosocial stress, 20.3 out of 54; and for behavior that reduced EDC exposure, 52.6 out of 85. Fatigue and psychosocial stress had a positive correlation(r=0.68, p<0.001), behavior that reduces EDC exposure was negatively correlated with fatigue and psychosocial stress(r=-0.54, p<0.001; r=-0.61, p<0.001) @*Conclusion@#Fatigue and stress were higher in infertile males. Our findings suggest that a nursing intervention program should focus on reducing fatigue and stress in infertile males and induce behaviors that decrease EDC exposure.

Factors Affecting Post-Traumatic Stress of Nurses in Direct Care for COVID-19 Patients / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate post-traumatic stress, job stress, fatigue, and social support of nurses in direct care for COVID-19 patients and to identify the factors affecting post-traumatic stress among the nurses. @*Methods@#The participants were 150 nurses from three hospitals. Data were collected from September 11, 2020 to September 21, 2020. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN/25.0 program. @*Results@#The mean score of post-traumatic stress was 22.27±15.49 (range 0~88). The percentage of high risk group of post-traumatic stress was 35.3%, risk group was 20.0%, normal group was 44.7%. Post-traumatic stress showed statistically significant differences according to quarantined experience (t=2.15, p=.033), and provision of COVID-19 manual (t=-2.40, p=.026). Post-traumatic stress was positively correlated with job stress (r=.48, p<.001), and fatigue (r=.58, p<.001), and it was negatively correlated with social support (r=-.22, p=.005). Job stress was positively correlated with fatigue (r=.74, p<.001), and it was negatively correlated with social support (r=-.17, p=.030). Fatigue and social support (r=-.17, p=.029) had a negative correlation. The results of regression analysis showed that the factors affecting post-traumatic stress included fatigue (β=.56, p<.001), provision of COVID-19 manual (β=-.24, p<.001), and quarantined experience (β =.18, p=.016) and that the total explanatory power was 42.0%. @*Conclusion@#In this study, fatigue, provision of COVID-19 manual, and quarantined experience were found as influential factors of post-traumatic stress among nurses in direct care for COVID-19 patients. Therefore, development of the intervention for reducing the fatigue should consider to prevent post-traumatic stress in nurses. Also, provision of COVID-19 manual for nurses and psychological intervention program for nurses experienced quarantine are necessary.

Characteristics of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw with oral versus intravenous bisphosphonate treatment / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Purpose@#This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw who were receiving oral versus intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate (BP). @*Materials and methods@#This retrospective study enrolled subjects who had been diagnosed with medicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) during the period from July 2010 to June 2014. Information regarding the following demographic and clinical characteristics was collected: demographic data, administration route and type of BP, duration of BP medication, primary disease, number of involved sites, location of the lesion, number of surgeries, outcome of treatments, and laboratory test. All the patients were divided into oral and IV BP groups; and the between-group differences were compared. @*Results@#Total 278 patients were divided into two groups as per the route of BP administration. The proportion of oral BP-related MRONJ group were more dominant over IV BP group (oral BP, n = 251; IV BP, n = 27). In the IV BP group, the average dosing duration (31.4 months) was significantly shorter than that in the oral BP group (53.1 months) (P < 0.001). The average number of involved sites in the oral BP group (1.21 ± 0.48) was smaller than that in the IV BP group (1.63 ± 0.84) (P < 0.001). The average number of surgeries was higher in the IV BP group (1.65 ± 0.95) as compared to that in the oral BP group (0.98 ± 0.73) (P < 0.001). Outcome after the surgery for MRONJ after IV BP was poor than oral BP group. @*Conclusion@#IV administration of BP causes greater inhibition of bone remodeling and could lead more severe inflammation. Therefore, even if the duration of IV administration of BP is shorter than that of oral BP, the extent of the lesion could be more extensive. Therefore, the result suggests that the MRONJ after IV BP for cancer patients needs to be considered as different characteristics to oral BP group for osteoporosis patents.

Experience of patients diagnosed as asymptomatic COVID-19 after dental treatment / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Background@#The potential risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission from asymptomatic COVID-19 patients is a concern in dental practice. However, the impact of this risk is not well documented to date. This report describes our dental clinical experience with patients who did not exhibit symptoms of COVID-19 but were later confirmed as positive for COVID-19.Case presentation: Of the 149,149 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of KNUDH and the 3291 patients who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of KNUH, 3 were later confirmed as having COVID-1 between 1 February 2020 and 28 February 2021. Owing to close contact with these patients during their treatments, 46 dental and medical staff had to undergo quarantine from the date of the patients’ confirmation of COVID-19 infection. @*Conclusion@#The presented cases showed the potential existence of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients after dental treatment with aerosol-generating procedures. Clinicians should be aware of the infection prevention measures and try to protect healthcare personnel from secondary infection of COVID-19 during dental treatments.

The impact of COVID-19 on the injury pattern for maxillofacial fracture in Daegu city, South Korea / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Background@#This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on oral and maxillofacial fracture in Daegu by comparing the demographic data in 2019 and 2020, retrospectively. We collected data from all patients having trauma who visited the emergency room for oral and maxillofacial fractures. @*Methods@#This retrospective study was based on chart review of patients who visited the emergency department of Kyungpook National University Hospital in Daegu, South Korea from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. We conducted a comparative study for patients who presented with maxillofacial fractures with occlusal instability during pre-COVID-19 era (2019) and COVID-19 era (2000) with demographics and pattern of injuries. @*Results@#After the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of monthly oral and maxillofacial fractures, especially sportsrelated oral and maxillofacial fractures, decreased significantly. Also, the number of alcohol-related fractures increased significantly. In addition, as the number of monthly confirmed cases of COVID-19 increases, the incidence of fracture among these cases tends to decrease. @*Conclusions@#The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the daily life in Korea. Identifying the characteristics of patients having trauma can provide a good lead to understand this long-lasting infectious disease and prepare for future outbreaks.

A Study on the Relationship between Fatigue, Psychosocial Stress, and Behavior that Reduces Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Exposure in Infertile Males

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify the relationships between fatigue, psychosocial stress, and behavior of infertile males that reduces endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure and to provide baseline data needed for nursing intervention. @*Methods@#A total of 110 infertile males were recruited from a special fertility hospital in Gwangju city in Korea. The participants were administered a self-reported questionnaire. @*Results@#The mean scores were as follows: for fatigue, 59.1 out of 133; for psychosocial stress, 20.3 out of 54; and for behavior that reduced EDC exposure, 52.6 out of 85. Fatigue and psychosocial stress had a positive correlation(r=0.68, p<0.001), behavior that reduces EDC exposure was negatively correlated with fatigue and psychosocial stress(r=-0.54, p<0.001; r=-0.61, p<0.001) @*Conclusion@#Fatigue and stress were higher in infertile males. Our findings suggest that a nursing intervention program should focus on reducing fatigue and stress in infertile males and induce behaviors that decrease EDC exposure.

Factors Affecting Post-Traumatic Stress of Nurses in Direct Care for COVID-19 Patients / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate post-traumatic stress, job stress, fatigue, and social support of nurses in direct care for COVID-19 patients and to identify the factors affecting post-traumatic stress among the nurses. @*Methods@#The participants were 150 nurses from three hospitals. Data were collected from September 11, 2020 to September 21, 2020. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN/25.0 program. @*Results@#The mean score of post-traumatic stress was 22.27±15.49 (range 0~88). The percentage of high risk group of post-traumatic stress was 35.3%, risk group was 20.0%, normal group was 44.7%. Post-traumatic stress showed statistically significant differences according to quarantined experience (t=2.15, p=.033), and provision of COVID-19 manual (t=-2.40, p=.026). Post-traumatic stress was positively correlated with job stress (r=.48, p<.001), and fatigue (r=.58, p<.001), and it was negatively correlated with social support (r=-.22, p=.005). Job stress was positively correlated with fatigue (r=.74, p<.001), and it was negatively correlated with social support (r=-.17, p=.030). Fatigue and social support (r=-.17, p=.029) had a negative correlation. The results of regression analysis showed that the factors affecting post-traumatic stress included fatigue (β=.56, p<.001), provision of COVID-19 manual (β=-.24, p<.001), and quarantined experience (β =.18, p=.016) and that the total explanatory power was 42.0%. @*Conclusion@#In this study, fatigue, provision of COVID-19 manual, and quarantined experience were found as influential factors of post-traumatic stress among nurses in direct care for COVID-19 patients. Therefore, development of the intervention for reducing the fatigue should consider to prevent post-traumatic stress in nurses. Also, provision of COVID-19 manual for nurses and psychological intervention program for nurses experienced quarantine are necessary.

Development and Effect of a Behavior Program for Reducing Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Unmarried Women

Purpose@#This study was conducted to develop a behavior program for reducing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), thereby to improve perceived benefits and self-efficacy as well as reduce the perceived barriers and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in unmarried women. @*Methods@#The study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were randomly assigned to an experiment (n=18) or control group (n=18). The behavior program for reducing exposure to EDCs was developed based on Pender's health promotion model and previous research results. The program was conducted for 12 weeks, consisting of 4 weeks of face-to-face intervention and 8 weeks of mobile intervention. @*Results@#The behavior program we developed was verified as an effective intervention that could improve the perceived benefits and self-efficacy of reducing one's exposure to EDCs. It also decreases the perceived barriers and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in unmarried women. @*Conclusion@#Our results showed that the program was an effective nursing intervention in unmarried women. Therefore, this behavior program for reducing exposure to EDCs can be applied in the context of unmarried women.

The Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Role Conflict and Burnout in Physician Assistant Nurses / 간호행정학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effects of resilience in the relationship between role conflict and burnout in physician assistant nurses. @*Methods@#Participants were 144 physician assistant nurses recruited from 2 university hospitals. A questionnaire scale was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis. and liner regression analysis. @*Results@#There were significant positive relationships for burnout and role conflict (r=.45, p<.001), and a negative correlation with resilience (r=-.47, p<.001). There was a negative correlation (r=-.30, p<.001) between role conflict and resilience. In addition, resilience partial mediates role conflict and burnout. As a result of testing the significance of mediating effect using bootstrapping, the mediating effect was significant by resilience ((y=.11, p=.008). @*Conclusion@#In this study, role conflict and burnout of physician assistant nurses were the factors that had an impact on each other and resilience had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between role conflict and burnout. The results of this study can be used as basic data for establishing management plans on role conflict and burnout by improving the resilience of physician assistant nurses.

The Influence of Knowledge of Human Papilloma Virus and Health Beliefs Related to Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination on the Intention of Cervical Cancer Prevention Behavior in Nurses

Purpose@#This study aimed to examine the effects of knowledge of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and health beliefs related to HPV vaccination on the intention of cervical cancer prevention behavior in Nurses. @*Methods@#Data were collected by conducting a survey of 222 nurses at a single tertiary hospital in J city from September 26 to October 02, 2019. The data were analyzed in SPSS WIN version 23.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Multiple linear regression. @*Results@#The mean score for HPV knowledge was 7.98. Regarding health beliefs about HPV vaccination, the mean score for the level of perceived benefit was 3.08, and for perceived sensitivity was 2.09. The factors influencing the intention of cervical cancer prevention behavior were perceived benefits, severity, contraception, clinical career, and experience with HPV testing. @*Conclusion@#The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to develop and apply education programs that enhance cervical cancer and HPV knowledge. Health beliefs related to HPV vaccination should be integrated when developing nursing intervention to improve the intention of cervical cancer prevention behavior in nurses.

The Influence of Organizational Justice, Organizational Culture and Emotional Intelligence on Intention of Retention in Reemployed Nurses / 간호행정학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of organizational justice, organizational culture and emotional intelligence on intention to stay in reemployed nurses. @*Methods@#Data were collected from 154 reemployed nurses working in the two university hospitals located in G Province. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis with SPSS/WIN 25.0. @*Results@#Factors influencing intention to stay in the participants were period willing to stay (β=.36, p<.001), emotional intelligence (β=.35, p<.001), career break (β=.16, p=.015), organizational justice (β=.14, p=.046). The total explanatory power was 31%. @*Conclusion@#In this study, organizational justice, emotional intelligence, career interruption, period willing to stay were found to be influential factors affecting intention to stay in reemployed nurses. A systematic intervention program for emotional intelligence is needed to increase the intention of retention in reemployed nurses. Further, human resource managers and specialists should consider organizational justice when designing the talent retention strategies.

The Influence of Organizational Justice, Organizational Culture and Emotional Intelligence on Intention of Retention in Reemployed Nurses / 간호행정학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of organizational justice, organizational culture and emotional intelligence on intention to stay in reemployed nurses. @*Methods@#Data were collected from 154 reemployed nurses working in the two university hospitals located in G Province. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis with SPSS/WIN 25.0. @*Results@#Factors influencing intention to stay in the participants were period willing to stay (β=.36, p<.001), emotional intelligence (β=.35, p<.001), career break (β=.16, p=.015), organizational justice (β=.14, p=.046). The total explanatory power was 31%. @*Conclusion@#In this study, organizational justice, emotional intelligence, career interruption, period willing to stay were found to be influential factors affecting intention to stay in reemployed nurses. A systematic intervention program for emotional intelligence is needed to increase the intention of retention in reemployed nurses. Further, human resource managers and specialists should consider organizational justice when designing the talent retention strategies.

Endoscope-Assisted Parapharyngeal Space Abscess Drainage / 대한이비인후과학회지

Background and Objectives@#Parapharyngeal space abscess (PPSA) may cause severe complications such as, airway obstruction, jugular thrombophlebitis, and mediastinitis unless early diagnosed and properly treated. Transoral drainage is known to reduce morbidity and hospital stays compared to the external drainage. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of endoscope when draining of PPSA via transoral approach.Subjects and Method We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who were diagnosed with PPSA and treated surgically between February 2013 and September 2018. We included in the study 39 patients who underwent incisional drainage via transoral approach. Pateints were excluded had they undergo drainage via external approach or who treated with medication alone or operated for parapharyngeal space tumor. Thirty-nine patients were classified into two groups according to whether an endoscope was used or not when draining PPSA. We compared the hospital stays, estimated blood loss (EBL), operating time, revision rate, depth of abscess, and postoperative complications between two groups. @*Results@#Of the 39 patients [22 males (M), 17 females (F)], 13 patients (M:F=7:6) were classified as an endoscope group (EG) and 26 (M:F=15:9) as without endoscope group (WEG). The mean hospital stays of the EG and WEG were 7.6±4.6 and 9.8±4.8 days, respectively (p=0.188); the mean EBL of the EG and WEG were 222.2 and 254.0 mL, respectively (p=0.595); the mean operating time of the EG and WEG were 40.0±22.5 and 35.4±14.5 minutes, respectively (p= 0.457); the mean depth of PPSA of the EG and WEG were 4.5±0.9 and 4.0±0.7 c-spine level, respectively (p=0.043), and the revision cases of the EG and WEG were 1 and 2, respectively (p=1.000). @*Conclusion@#Endoscopes enabled the draining of PPSA to sit more deeply in the neck compared without it.

A Case of Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis

Development and Evaluation of Empowering Education Program for Maternal Fetal Intensive Care Unit (MFICU) Nurses / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop an empowering education program for Maternal-Fetal Intensive Care Unit (MFICU) nurses who provide intensive care to high-risk mother and fetus at hospitals, to test effects of the education program on nursing care confidence and nursing knowledge, and to examine program satisfaction. METHODS: This study comprised of 2 phases: program development and evaluation. First, we have followed a process of program development to develop and refine an empowering education program for MFICU nurses through collaborative works among clinical obstetrics and gynecology doctors and nurses and academic nursing professors. Second, the empowering education program was provided to 49 nurses and evaluated from July 5 to 6, 2019. Levels of MFICU nursing care confidence and knowledge were measured. RESULTS: The empowering education program included 18 hours of lectures, discussion, and Q & A, which continued for 2 days. This program significantly improved high-risk maternal-fetal nursing care confidence and knowledge of nurses. The program was well met with nurses' education need and goals, and found to be highly satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The empowering education program was observed to be effective in terms of improve nursing care confidence and knowledge of nurses in MFICU. It is proposed that this program should be open regularly for nurses to obtain and improve their clinical knowledge, confidence, and competency. Further study is needed to develop and run 2-levels of education such as basic and advanced levels based on nurses' clinical background and competency.

The Status of Nutritional Supplements Nutritional Supplements and Factors affecting Health Promotion Behaviors in Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among nutritional supplement intake, subjective health status, health control level and health promotion behaviors and to investigate factors affecting health promotion behaviors in pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 153 pregnant women was recruited from a university hospital in J city in Korea. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: Most participants (91.5%) took nutritional supplements. Health promotion behavior had positive correlations with subjective health status (r=0.313, p < 0.001), internal control (r=0.229, p=0.004), powerful others locus of control (r=0.162, p=0.046), and doctors locus of control (r=0.215, p=0.008). There was a negative correlation between health promotion behavior and chance locus of control (r=−0.273, p=0.001). Health status (β=0.25, p=0.001), chance locus of control (β=−0.28, p < 0.001), doctors locus of control (β=0.20, p=0.009), and powerful others locus of control (β=0.16, p=0.033) were significant predictors for health promotion behavior. These variables explained 25.8% of the variance in health promotion behavior. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that it is necessary to develop a nutrition education program and nursing intervention in order to promote health for pregnant women.

Effects of Sleep Pattern, Stress, Menstrual Attitude, and Behavior That Reduces Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The study aimed to examine the effects of sleep pattern, stress, and attitude towards menstruation, and behavior that causes a reduction in exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the course of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in female adolescents.METHOD: In total, 200 girls attending middle school in K city were recruited via convenience sampling between December 11 and 31, 2018, and 192 subjects were selected for the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression.RESULTS: Overall, 9 (4.7%), 152 (79.2%), and 31 (16.1%) students had morning-, intermediate-, and evening-type sleep pattern, respectively. The mean scores for school-related stress were highest. Scores for stress regarding relationships with friends were the lowest. The mean score for attitudes toward menstruation was 72.33 out of 147. The mean score for behavior that led to a reduction in EDCs exposure was 56.57 out of 85. The mean scores for PMS severity were 25.30 and 38.39 out of 60. Analysis of factors affecting PMS revealed that severity of menstrual pain (β=.28), use of analgesics during menstruation (β=.17), family history of PMS (β=−.16), stress (β=.19), and behavior that reduces EDCs exposure (β=−.17) exerted significant effects on PMS. The explanatory power of these variables was 37%.CONCLUSION: The findings propose the necessity of a health intervention program including educational information, which can reduce PMS in adolescents, induce the behaviors which can decrease exposure to EDCs, and activities for managing the stress levels.

Evaluating Antitumor Activity of Kiatomab by Targeting Cancer Stem Cell-Specific KIAA1114 Antigen in Mice

A full-length translational product of the trophinin gene, KIAA1114, is a distinctive marker of cancer stem cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma, and a mAb, Kiatomab, is specific to KIAA1114 antigen. In this study, we addressed the therapeutic potential of Kiatomab for treating both metastatic and solid tumors in mouse models. Kiatomab recognizes the linear epitope of KIAA1114, which is expressed on cell surfaces of various murine cancer cell lines. Kiatomab treatment induced potent antitumor responses in pulmonary metastasis models. Antitumor activity was mediated by the fragment crystallizable portion of Kiatomab and dependent on the host immune system. The use of Kiatomab alone as an antitumor therapy was ineffective in solid tumor models. However, in combination with cyclophosphamide, or by switching the isotype of the mAb, improved antitumor effects of Kiatomab were observed. These results suggest that Kiatomab can be used as a novel mAb for cancer immunotherapy.

Corrigendum to: Dual mechanisms for the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by valproic acid in neural progenitor cells

The authors note that on page 685, the acknowledgement of “This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2017R1D1A1B03031920),” should instead appear as “This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2017R1D1A1B03031920) and Chung-Ang University Research Grants in 2017.”