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Aim: To elaborate and validate an instrument for Brazilian Portuguese speakers, to assess dentists' knowledge about care of patients with diabetes mellitus (Dental-Diabetes). Methods: Methodological study comprising four stages: a) Elaboration of instrument; b) Content validation (computing Content Validity Index - CVI) based on Expert Committee assessment; c) Pre-test with 30 dentists, followed by assessment of suggestions by Expert Committee; d) Psychometric validation through instrument application in a sample of 127 dentists by means of the web tool e-Surv. Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate, respectively, internal consistency and reproducibility. Results: The final version of the instrument consists of 22 questions (7 on sociodemographic data and 15 querying dentists' knowledge) and those submitted for validation attained a CVI of 0.95 [95% CI 0.916-0,981], showing satisfactory internal consistency, with 0.794 Cronbach's alpha [95% CI 0.741-0.842] and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.799 [95% CI: 0.746-0.846] between the test and retest scores. Conclusions: Dental-Diabetes is a comprehensive instrument, culturally adequate and validated to assess dentists' knowledge about care of patients with diabetes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dentists , Diabetes Mellitus , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
In this article, the actions developed by the Hospital Infection Control Service (HICS) and Occupational Medicine (OM) to face the COVID-19 pandemic and track cases of infection among employees of a large hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Training actions, guidelines on how to collect a swab sample, Code 19 (COVID-19) simulation, dressing/undressing, hand hygiene, the definition of flows, and the quantification of cases infected by COVID-19 among employees in care areas were highlighted. The engagement of HICS and OM in the prevention and promotion of health were fundamental to facing the pandemic. It is estimated that SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among staff at the study hospital were similar to those at other hospitals. The experience report is important for expanding knowledge about action planning in the context of a large hospital (AU).
Neste artigo, são relatadas as ações desenvolvidas pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH) e Medicina do Trabalho (MT) para o enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 e rastreamento dos casos de infecção entre funcionários de um hospital de grande porte de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Destacaram-se as ações de treinamentos, orientações de como coletar amostra de swab, simulação Código 19 (COVID-19), paramentação/desparamentação, higiene das mãos, definição de fluxos e quantificação dos casos infectados por COVID-19 entre funcionários de áreas assistenciais. O engajamento do SCIH e da MT na prevenção e promoção da saúde foi fundamental no enfrentamento da pandemia. Estima-se que os índices de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 entre os funcionários do hospital em estudo foram similares aos de outros hospitais. O relato de experiência é importante para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre o planejamento de ações no contexto de um hospital de grande porte (AU).
Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Infection Control , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Occupational MedicineABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: anastomotic leak (AL) after colectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is a life-threatening complication. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the preoperative risk factors for AL in patients submitted to colectomy. Methods: the bibliographic search covered 15 years and 9 months, from 1st January 2005 to 19th October 2020 and was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Europe PMC and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies on preoperative risk factors for AL (outcome). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for bias assessment within studies. Meta-analysis involved the calculation of treatment effects for each individual study including odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with construction of a random-effects model to evaluate the impact of each variable on the outcome. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: cross-sectional studies were represented by 39 articles, cohort studies by 21 articles and case-control by 4 articles. Meta-analysis identified 14 main risk factors for AL in CRC patients after colectomy, namely male sex (RR=1.56; 95% CI=1.40-1.75), smoking (RR=1.48; 95% CI=1.30-1.69), alcohol consumption (RR=1.35; 95% CI=1.21-1.52), diabetes mellitus (RR=1.97; 95% CI=1.44-2.70), lung diseases (RR=2.14; 95% CI=1.21-3.78), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR=1.10; 95% IC=1.04-1.16), coronary artery disease (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.07-2.41), chronic kidney disease (RR=1.34; 95% CI=1.22-1.47), high ASA grades (RR=1.70; 95% CI=1.37-2.09), previous abdominal surgery (RR=1.30; 95% CI=1.04-1.64), CRC-related emergency surgery (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.26-2.07), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RR=2.16; 95% CI=1.17-4.02), radiotherapy (RR=2.36; 95% CI=1.33-4.19) and chemoradiotherapy (RR=1.58; 95% CI=1.06-2.35). Conclusions: important preoperative risk factors for colorectal AL in CRC patients have been identified based on best evidence-based research, and such knowledge should influence decisions regarding treatment.
RESUMO Objetivo: fístula anastomótica (FA) após colectomia para câncer colorretal (CCR) é complicação grave. Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise avaliou os fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA em pacientes submetidos à colectomia. Métodos: a pesquisa bibliográfica abrangeu 15 anos e 9 meses (1 de janeiro de 2005 - 19 de outubro de 2020), sendo utilizadas as plataformas PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Europe PMC e Web of Science. O critério de inclusão foram estudos transversais, coorte e caso-controle em fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA (desfecho). A escala Newcastle-Ottawa foi usada para avaliação de viés dos estudos. A metanálise envolveu o cálculo dos efeitos de tratamento para cada estudo individualmente incluindo odds ratio (OR), risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) com construção de modelo de efeitos aleatórios, para avaliar o impacto de cada variável (p<0,05). Resultados: foram selecionados 39 estudos transversais, 21 coortes e quatro casos-controle. A metanálise identificou 14 fatores de risco para FA em pacientes com CCR após colectomia, que são sexo masculino (RR=1,56; IC 95%=1,40-1,75), tabagismo (RR=1,48; IC 95%=1,30-1,69), alcoolismo (RR=1,35; IC 95%=1,21-1,52), diabetes mellitus (RR=1,97; IC 95%=1,44-2,70), doenças pulmonares (RR=2,14; IC 95%=1,21-3,78), doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (RR=1,10; IC 95%=1,04-1,16), doença coronariana (RR=1,61; IC 95%=1,07-2,41), doença renal crônica (RR=1,34; IC 95%=1,22-1,47), altas notas na escala ASA (RR=1,70; IC 95%=1,37-2,09), cirurgia abdominal prévia (RR=1,30; IC 95%=1,04-1,64), cirurgia de emergência (RR=1,61; IC 95%=1,26-2,07), quimioterapia neoadjuvante (RR=2,16; IC 95%=1,17-4,02), radioterapia (RR=2,36; IC 95%=1,33-4,19) e quimiorradioterapia (RR=1,58; IC 95%=1,06-2,35). Conclusões: importantes fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA colorretais em pacientes com CCR foram identificados com base nas melhores pesquisas baseadas em evidências e esse conhecimento deve influenciar decisões relacionadas ao tratamento.
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ABSTRACT Background: Dengue is a public health problem in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze factors associated with deaths from dengue in residents of the municipality of Contagem, Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the 2016 epidemic. Methods: To determine the factors associated with deaths due to dengue, we used a logistic regression model (univariate and multivariable) in which the response variable (outcome) was death due to dengue. Independent variables analyzed included demographic variables and those related to symptoms, treatment, hospitalization, testing, comorbidities, and case history. Results: The factors associated with dengue deaths in the final multivariable model [p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI)] were age (OR = 1.07; 95%CI 1.03-1.11) and presence of bleeding (OR = 8.55; 95%CI 1.21-59.92). Conclusions: The results showed that age and the presence of bleeding factors increased the risk of dengue death. These findings indicate that warning signs of dengue should be routinely monitored, and patients should be instructed to seek medical attention when they occur. It is also emphasized that the parameters and epidemiological conditions of dengue patients need to be continuously investigated to avoid a fatal outcome.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To develop, adapt and validate an instrument named "CSII - Brazil" to assess users' conceptual and procedural knowledge of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems. Materials and methods: Methodological and exploratory study developed in three stages: a) instrument development; b) content validation and cultural adaptation (evaluation by a committee of experts and pre-test with CSII users); c) psychometric validation through instrument application in a sample of 60 patients by means of the web tool e-Surv. Internal consistency and reproducibility analyses were performed within IBM SPSS Statistics 20 programming environment. Results: The 16 multiple-choice question instrument successfully attained a content validity index of 0.97, showing satisfactory internal consistency, with 0.61 Cronbach's alpha [95% CI 0.462-0.746] and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.869 [95% CI: 0.789-0.919] between the test and retest scores. Conclusion: The CSII - Brazil instrument is considered adequate and validated to assess continuous subcutaneous infusion system users' conceptual and procedural knowledge.
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ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Insulin Delivery System Rating Questionnaire (IDSRQ) for Brazilian users. Validation and reliability analysis of measures were also performed. Materials and methods Methodological study comprising the following stages: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, assessment by Expert Committee, pre-test and validation. International guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of measurement tools were followed. Validation data provided information about reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and construct validity of the IDSRQ. Results Content validation by Experts' assessment was successful, with a mean Content Validity Index of 0.87 (±0.2). The IDSRQ validation study involved 113 T1DM patients, 46% male, mean age 32.61 (±12.59) years and mean age at diagnosis of diabetes of 17.51 (±12.41). The scale presented good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =0.786). The reliability analysis of the instrument was conducted by calculating the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient 0.885 (0.834-0.921), which indicated adequate concordance in all measures. Conclusion The translated and cross-culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the IDSRQ may be used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment preferences for insulin delivery systems in T1DM Brazilian patients.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and validate a diabetes booklet for Community Health Workers. Methods: methodological study developed in seven steps: Bibliographic review; Development of the booklet; Calculation of readability and comprehensibility scores; Validation of the booklet by the committee of judges; Discussion between experts; Validation of the booklet by the target audience; and Final discussion between experts. Validation was performed by 10 judges via e-Surv and on a face-to-face test with 5 Community Health Workers, considering the minimum Content Validity Coefficient of 0.80. Results: the booklet had a mean Content Validity Coefficient of 0.97 in the validation by the committee of judges, and the images had 96.67% approval. In the face-to-face test, the Community Health Workers considered the material clear and appropriate to the function. Conclusions: the booklet was developed and validated on its content and relevance, and it can be used by Community Health Workers for diabetes education.
RESUMEN Objetivos: desarrollar y validar una cartilla sobre diabetes para los Agentes Sanitarios. Métodos: se trata de un estudio metodológico desarrollado en siete etapas: Estudio bibliográfico; Preparación de la cartilla; Cálculo de las fórmulas de legibilidad y aprehensibilidad; Validación de la cartilla por el comité de jueces; Discusión entre expertos; Validación de la cartilla por el público objetivo; y Discusión final entre los expertos. Diez jueces realizaron la validación vía e-Surv; y la prueba cara a cara, cinco Agentes Sanitarios, considerando el Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: la cartilla tuvo un Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido promedio de 0,97 en la validación del comité de jueces, y las imágenes obtuvieron el 96,67% de aprobación. En la prueba cara a cara, los Agentes Sanitarios consideraron que el material era claro y apropiado para la función. Conclusiones: la cartilla se diseñó y se validó en cuanto a su contenido y a su relevancia y los Agentes Sanitarios podrán usarla en acciones de educación sobre la diabetes.
RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e validar uma cartilha sobre diabetes para os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em sete etapas: Levantamento bibliográfico; Elaboração da cartilha; Cálculo das fórmulas de legibilidade e apreensibilidade; Validação da cartilha por comitê de juízes; Discussão entre especialistas; Validação da cartilha pelo público-alvo; e Discussão final entre especialistas. A validação foi realizada por 10 juízes via e-Surv; e o teste face a face, por 5 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, considerando o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: a cartilha teve um Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo médio de ٠,٩٧ na validação pelo comitê de juízes, e as imagens tiveram ٩٦,٦٧٪ de aprovação. No teste face a face, os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde consideraram o material claro e adequado à função. Conclusões: a cartilha foi elaborada e validada quanto ao conteúdo e relevância, podendo ser utilizada pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde nas ações de educação em diabetes.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the introduction of coaching in the interdisciplinary care of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the public health care system. Subjects and methods: Ten patients routinely attending a public health care service and with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level above 75% participated in eight coaching sessions. This study evaluated the patients' self-management of the disease and personal behavior. The participants were assessed at the beginning of the program and on two occasions after the intervention, with evaluation of biochemical and anthropometric data, and frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Questionnaires were applied during these evaluations to analyze emotional burden (B-PAID), medication adherence (Morisky Adherence Scale), and self-efficacy (IMDSES). Results HbA1c had a median level of 8.0% (range 76-10.3%) at the beginning of the study and reduced significantly 3 months after initiation of the intervention (7.78% [6.5-10%], p = 0.028), with no significant increase at 6 months (8.3% [713-9.27%], p = 0.386). SMBG improved significantly from the beginning to the end of the study, with the median number of glucose tests per week varying from 16.5 (range 0-42) at baseline to 29.0 (7-42) at 3 months and 27.5 (10-48) at 6 months (p = 0.047). No significant differences were observed in anthropometric parameters or in the scores of the instruments between the three measurements. Conclusion: A coaching intervention focused on patients' values and sense of purpose may provide added benefit to traditional diabetes education programs and could be an auxiliary method to help individuals with type 1 diabetes achieve their treatment goals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Mentoring/methods , Self-Management/psychology , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/psychology , Pilot Projects , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Longitudinal Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil e a evolução clínica dos pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) de um centro de referência secundária de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo longitudinal com 174 pessoas com DM1 atendidos em um centro de referência secundária de Minas Gerais no período de 2010 a 2015. Avaliaram-se variáveis sociodemográficas, tempo de diabetes, tratamento, comorbidades, hemoglobina glicada (A1c) e LDL colesterol. Utilizou-se o teste T pareado e de McNemar para as comparações anuais da A1c e do LDL-c, com nível de significância inferior a 5%. Os resultados mostraram que 5,7% dos pacientes estavam em uso de sistema contínuo de infusão de insulinas, 61,5% de NPH e 32,8% de glargina; 47,1% dos pacientes usavam estatina; 63,21% chegaram ao serviço com valores de A1c acima de 8%, sendo 27,0% acima de 10%. Ao final do primeiro ano de acompanhamento, esse percentual reduziu-se para 49,9%, com maior redução dos que tinham A1c acima de 9%. Observouse diminuição significativa nas médias de A1c (9,01±2.46 em 2010 e 8,2±1.74 em 2011; p<0,001), mantendo-se sem alterações nos demais anos. Apurou-se também significativa redução do LDL-c ao longo de todo o período de acompanhamento (p<0,005). Concluiu-se que o atendimento multidisciplinar dos pacientes com DM1 contribuiu para a melhora dos parâmetros metabólicos logo no primeiro ano de acompanhamento.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Health Profile , Medical Records , Secondary Care , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that the occurrence of pregnancy concomitantly with a diagnosis of breast cancer may affect the evolution of the neoplasia. The present study aimed to compare pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) patients with non-pregnant cancer patients (controls) in relation to the time taken to diagnose the disease, tumor characteristics and mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective, paired case-control study was conducted at the Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia and Centro de Quimioterapia Antiblástica e Imunoterapia in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The study involved 87 PABC and 252 control patients. The influence of covariables (interval between first symptoms and diagnosis, tumor histology, size of primary tumor, distant metastasis, grade of malignancy, hormone receptor status and axillary lymph node involvement) and the pregnancy variable on overall survival was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median overall survival for PABC patients of 30.1 months (95 percent confidence interval, CI: 19.4-40.9 months) was significantly different (P = 0.005) from that of the control group (53.1 months; 95 percent CI: 35.1-71.0 months). The cumulative overall survivals after five and ten years were, respectively, 29.7 and 19.2 percent for PABC patients, and 47.3 and 34.8 percent for control patients (P = 0.005). Tumor size, grade of malignancy, distant metastasis and pregnancy were independent factors that significantly modified disease prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy was an independent prognostic factor. The overall survival of PABC patients was shorter than that of non-pregnant patients.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos prévios sugerem que a ocorrência de gravidez simultaneamente com o diagnóstico de câncer de mama pode afetar a evolução da neoplasia. O presente estudo objetivou comparar pacientes com câncer de mama associado à gravidez (PABC) e pacientes com câncer não grávidas (controles) com relação ao tempo decorrido até o diagnóstico de câncer, características tumorais e mortalidade. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo, tipo caso-controle pareado, foi conduzido no Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia e Centro de Quimioterapia Antiblástica e Imunoterapia em Belo Horizonte, Brasil. MÉTODOS: O estudo envolveu 87 pacientes PABC e 252 controles. A influência das covariáveis (intervalo entre os primeiros sintomas e diagnóstico, histologia do tumor, tamanho do tumor primário, metástase a distância, grau de malignidade, dosagem de receptor hormonal e acometimento dos linfonodos axilares) e da variável gravidez sobre a sobrevida global foram avaliados através de análises univariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: A mediana da sobrevida global para as pacientes PABC de 30,1 meses (intervalo de confiança, IC 95 por cento: 19,4-40,9 meses) foi significativamente (P = 0,005) diferente daquela dos controles (53,1 meses; IC 95 por cento: 35,1-71,0 meses). A sobrevida global acumulada após 5 e 10 anos foi 29,7 e 19,2 por cento no grupo PABC e 47,3 e 34,8 por cento nos controles. Tamanho do tumor, grau de malignidade, metástase a distância e gravidez foram fatores independentes e significativamente condicionantes do prognóstico da doença. CONCLUSÕES: A gravidez foi um fator independente para o prognóstico da doença. A sobrevida global das pacientes PABC foi mais curta do que aquela dos controles.