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Objective Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties but without respiratory depression effect and has been widely used in perioperative anesthesia. Here we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability in elderly patients.Methods PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of dexmedetomidine in maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability in elderly patients from their inception to September, 2021. The standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed to analyze the data. The random-effect model was used for the potential clinical inconsistency.Results A total of 12 RCTs with 833 elderly patients (dexmedetomidine group, 546 patients; control group, 287 patients) were included. There was no significant increase in perioperative heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the dexmedetomidine group before and during the operation. In addition, the variations of hemodynamic indexes including HR, MAP, SBP (systolic blood pressure), and DBP were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the control group (HR: SMD = -0.87, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.62; MAP: SMD = -1.12, 95% CI: -1.60 to -0.63; SBP: SMD = -1.27, 95% CI: -2.26 to -0.27; DBP: SMD = -0.96, 95% CI: -1.33 to -0.59). Subgroup analysis found that with the prolongation of 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine infusion, the patient's heart rate declined in a time-dependent way.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine provides more stable hemodynamics during perioperative period in elderly patients. However, further well-conducted trials are required to assess the effective and safer doses of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients.
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Humans , Aged , Dexmedetomidine/adverse effects , Hemodynamics , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Blood Pressure , Heart RateABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A descriptive method was used to analyze the prevalence and treatment of anemia in CKD patients based on regional health data in Yinzhou District of Ningbo during 2012-2018. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influence factors of anemia in the CKD patients. Results: In 52 619 CKD patients, 15 639 suffered from by anemia (29.72%), in whom 5 461 were men (26.41%) and 10 178 were women (31.87%), and anemia prevalence was higher in women than in men, the difference was significant (P<0.001). The prevalence of anemia increased with stage of CKD (24.77% in stage 1 vs. 69.42% in stage 5, trend χ2 test P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being women (aOR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.50-1.63), CKD stage (stage 2: aOR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.04-1.16;stage 3: aOR=2.28,95%CI: 2.12-2.44;stage 4: aOR=4.49,95%CI :3.79-5.32;stage 5: aOR=6.31,95%CI: 4.74-8.39), age (18-30 years old: aOR=2.40,95%CI: 2.24-2.57, 61-75 years old: aOR=1.35,95%CI:1.28-1.42, ≥76 years old: aOR=2.37,95%CI:2.20-2.55), BMI (<18.5 kg/m2:aOR=1.29,95%CI: 1.18-1.41;23.0-24.9 kg/m2:aOR=0.79,95%CI: 0.75-0.83;≥25.0 kg/m2:aOR=0.70,95%CI: 0.66-0.74), abdominal obesity (aOR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.96), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.09-1.22), cancer (aOR=3.03, 95%CI: 2.84-3.23), heart failure (aOR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54) and myocardial infarction (aOR=1.54, 95%CI:1.16-2.04) were independent risk factors of anemia in CKD patients. Among stage 3-5 CKD patients with anemia, 12.03% received iron therapy, and 4.78% received treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) within 12 months after anemia was diagnosed. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in CKD patients was high in Yinzhou. However, the treatment rate of iron therapy and ESA were low. More attention should be paid to the anemia management and treatment in CKD patients.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest research progress in the development of enzyme replacement therapy drugs for rare diseases at home and abroad and their pharmaceutical assessment. METHODS: Based on the representative literature at home and abroad, this paper propose key points for consideration (such as molecular design, host selection, production process and quality control, etc.), as well as comments and suggestions for researcher of such products from review and evaluation perspective. RESULTS: Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the drug molecules of enzyme replacement therapy for rare diseases, the quality research is the main difficulty in pharmaceutical development and evaluation. CONCLUSION: In recent years, in order to alleviate the lack of rare disease drugs in China and meet the urgent clinical needs, Chinese government has issued a series of policies to encourage the research and development of rare disease drugs.
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The major challenge in the development of recombinant biologics lies in generating and isolating rare high-producing stable single clone in a short period of time. The selection marker is an essential component of the plasmid vector, it plays an important part in the generation and screening of producing cell lines. Engineering the selection marker to enhance the stringency of selection for high producing cells is one of the most effective approaches to improve the cell line development process. Here, using Chinese hamaster overy (CHO) cells as an example, we introduce the application of selection marker for generation of recombinant biologics producing mammalian cell lines, methods of engineering the selection markers to enhance the selection stringency, and propose considerations on cell substrate stability and selection marker safety, in order to provide references for high-efficiency development of recombinant biologics.
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Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of pRIFLE criterion and KDIGO criterion for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after radical operations for tetralogy of Fallot in children from the perspective of postoperative outcomes.Methods:A total of 375 children, aged<8 yr, undergoing radical operations for tetralogy of Fallot, were selected continuously and retrospectively. According to the pRIFLE and KDIGO diagnostic criteria, postoperative AKI was diagnosed, and the children were classified into different AKI grades. The prognostic parameters (postoperative mechanical ventilation time, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, postoperative length of hospital stay, total costs of hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality, etc.) were collected, and the differences among different AKI grades were compared. Logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for prolonged postoperative length of hospital stay (≥14 days) when two different criteria were used to diagnose AKI. The children diagnosed as non-AKI by KDIGO criterion were further confirmed using pRIFLE criterion, and the prognostic parameters in the children who were diagnosed as AKI and non-AKI were compared.Results:When two different criteria were used to diagnose AKI after radical resection for tetralogy of Fallot, the incidence was 56.8% (pRIFLE criterion) and 40.0% (KDIGO criterion). AKI diagnosed according to the two criteria was the independent risk factor for prolonged postoperative length of hospital stay, and the levels of all the prognostic parameters (postoperative mechanical ventilation time, duration of ICU stay, postoperative length of hospital stay, total costs of hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality) were significantly higher in AKI children than in non-AKI (AKI grade 0) children ( P<0.01). Among the 225 children diagnosed as non-AKI according to the KDIGO criterion, 63 cases were diagnosed as AKI and 162 cases as non-AKI according to the pRIFLE criterion, however, there was no significant difference in each prognostic parameter between children with AKI and non-AKI ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The pRIFLE criterion has a higher sensitivity, while the KDIGO criterion produces better accuracy when used to evaluate the diagnosis of AKI after radical operation for tetralogy of Fallot in children from the perspective of postoperative outcomes.
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Objective:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative long-term sleep disorder and postoperative hyperalgesia in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods:One hundred and eighty-one adult patients of both sexes, aged 18 yr, undergoing elective cardiac valve surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass with general anesthesia, were enrolled in this study.On 1st day before surgery, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to assess the patient′s sleep quality in the last month.When Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was more than 5, the patient was considered to have long-term sleep disorder.Postoperative analgesia was performed with sufentanil.Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the numeric rating scale (NRS) score: non-hyperalgesia group (NHA group, NRS score <4) and hyperalgesia group (HA group, NRS score ≥4). A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative hyperalgesia.Results:The results of logistic regression analysis found that smoking and preoperative long-term sleep disorder were independent risk factors for postoperative hyperalgesia.Conclusion:Preoperative long-term sleep disorder may induce hyperalgesia after cardiac surgery in patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the possible etiological factors of iron overload through detecting plasma hepcidin level of adult males at Tibet plateau.@*METHODS@#81 Tibetan male adult patients hospitalized in our department during January 2017 - December 2018 were selected, and divided into iron overload group and non-iron overload group. The difference in serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, hemoglobin, HBSAg, ALT, AST, albumin, creatinine and hepcidin of patients in each group were tested. To analyze the differences between groups. The regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between laboratory index and hepcidin.@*RESULTS@#The plasma hepcidin of iron overload group was significantly higher than that of the non-iron overload group [93.69 (65.57-133.92) ng/ml vs 63.93 (40.01-90.65) ng/ml] (P=0.005). And there was a positive correlation between plasma hepcidin and ferritin (β=0.03 ng/ml,95%CI 0.01-0.05) (P<0.01) and BMI (β=5.71 ng/ml,95%CI 0.54-10.88) (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Iron overload at Tibet plateau can not be attributed to hepcidin deficiency in Tibetan adult male patients. Iron metabolism disorders in Tibetan population may be associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Adult , Humans , Male , Ferritins , Hepcidins , Iron , Iron Overload , TibetABSTRACT
Objective To observe the incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) following aortic surgery in Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and evaluate the effect of standardized multidisciplinary spinal cord protection strategies, to summarize the experience in the prevention and treatment of SCI at perioperative period of aortic surgery. Methods The clinical data of patients underwent aortic surgery admitted to vascular center of Fuwai Hospital from January 2011 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients receiving traditional spinal cord protection strategies from January 2011 to December 2016 were defined as the control group, while the patients receiving standardized multidisciplinary spinal cord protection strategies from January 2017 to December 2018 were defined as the standardized treatment group. The standardized multidisciplinary treatment included preoperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD), respiratory tract management, and maintenance of effective circulation of the lowest venous pressure; at the same time, anticoagulation, glucocorticoid, improve microcirculation, scavenge oxygen free radicals and other adjuvant treatments were started, and nerve function was monitored to prevent complications. The changes in SCI incidence after aortic surgery between the two groups were observed in order to evaluate the effect of standardized multidisciplinary spinal cord protection strategies. Meanwhile, the types of SCI after operation and the safety of CSFD were analyzed. Results During the 8-year period, 7 724 patients underwent aortic surgery at vascular center of Fuwai Hospital, 64 of which suffered from SCI after aortic surgery with total incidence of 0.83%. The onset of SCI was immediate in 39 patients (60.94%) and was delayed in 25 patients (39.06%), more than half of patients were immediate SCI. Of 64 patients with SCI, 52 patients (81.25%) underwent paraplegia and 12 (18.75%) underwent paraparesis. SCI persisted beyond discharge in 38 patients (59.38%) and 25 patients (39.06%) fully or partly recovered form SCI. One patient (1.56%) died. Compared with the control group, the incidence of SCI was decreased significantly after application of standardized multidisciplinary spinal cord protection strategies. The total incidence of SCI after aortic surgery was decreased from 1.06% (52/4 893) to 0.42% (12/2 831), the incidence after aortic arch replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was decreased from 3.66% (40/1 092) to 1.11% (5/450), and the incidence after thoraco-abdominal aortic replacement was decreased from 9.40% (11/117) to 2.47% (2/81) with statistically significant difference (all P < 0.05). Perioperative CSFD analysis showed that the incidence of CSFD-related complications was low, the overall incidence was 5.45% (3/55), including 1 patient of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 2 patients of blood cerebrospinal fluid. No serious complications such as hemorrhage and infection of central nervous system occurred. Conclusions The main type of SCI after aortic surgery was immediate, about 39% SCI patients fully or partly recovered. Standardized multidisciplinary spinal cord protection strategies which included preoperative CSFD, reduced incidence of SCI after aortic surgery. The incidence of CSFD-related complications was low, which was safe and effective.
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Objective The level of lactic acid in blood can reflect the degree of ischemia and hypoxia of brain tissue and cerebral perfusion pressure. The aim of this paper is to explore the value of blood lactate and lactate clearance in evaluating the survival rate and neurological outcome of patients with craniocerebral trauma. Methods The clinical data of 497 craniocerebral trauma patients admitted to our hospital from September 2017 to July 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into groups with different 6 h lactate clearance rates and admission lactate levels, and the differences in mortality and outcome of neurological function in each group were compared. Results The serum admission lactate levels、serum lactate levels at 6 hours, 28-day mortality and 28-day poor nerve function prognosis rate of patients with different 6h lactate clearance rates were statistically significant differences(P < 0. 05). The efficacy of 6h lactic acid to predict the mortality rate of patients was better than that of admission lactic acid and 6h lactate clearance rate (Z=3.71、Z=3.95,P<0.05). However, in predicting the neurological function of patients, the lactate clearance rate is not better than blood lactate level at any time(Z=1.30,Z=0.81,P>0.05). Conclusion 6h lactic acid has the best ability to judge the mortality of patients while lactic acid clearance rate is not better than the blood lactate level at any time in predicting the neurological function of patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the neuro-protective effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (EAS) on mesencephalic mitochondria and the mechanism of action, using a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The chemical fingerprint analysis of the extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (EAS) was performed using the ultra performance liquid chromatograph and time of flight mass spectrometry. Thirty mice were randomly divided into the control group, the MPTP model group, and the EAS treated group with MPTP (MPTP+EAS group, 10 in each group). The MPTP model group and the MPTP+EAS group received MPTP-HCl (30 mg/kg i.p) once a day for 5 days. The control group received an equal volume of saline (20 mL/kg i.p) once a day for 5 days. Induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride daily (MPTP-HCl, 30 mg/kg) for 5 days, the PD mice were treated with EAS at 45.5 mg/kg daily for 20 days. The behavioral testing of mice was carried out using the pole-climbing test. The integrity and functions of neurons were examined in mesencephalic mitochondria in a PD mouse model, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein 2 (NDUFV2), mitochondrially encoded nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 1 (MT-ND1), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), and succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit (SDHC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment with EAS, the behavioral changes induced by MPTP were attenuated significantly (P<0.05). EAS protected the mesencephalic mitochondria from swelling and attenuated the decreases in their membrane potential (both P<0.05), which was supported by an ultra-structural level analysis. The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system 4 subunits levels and PD-related proteins expressions (parkin, Pink1, DJ-1, α-synuclein, and Lrrk2) reverted to near normal levels (all P<0.05), based on the results of immune-histological and Western blotting observations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The neuro-protective effects of EAS are linked to protecting mice against MPTP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and structural damage. Therefore, EAS is a promising candidate for the prevention or treatment of mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD.</p>
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Objective To explore the delayed discount and personality characteristics of impulsive and premeditated male prisoners and their correlation.Methods A total of 120 male prisoners with aggressive behaviors were tested by Self-made General Situation Questionnaire,Impulsive / Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS),NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI),Delay Discount Task (DDT).The effective participants were ninety,including 51 in impulsive group and 39 in premeditated group.Analyzed the difference of delayed discount and personality characteristics between the two group.Results (1) In the delayed discount task,the delay discount rat (K) of the impulsive violence group (0.0278 ± 0.0555) was significantly higher than that of the premeditated violence group (0.0042±0.0078).The difference was statistically significant (t=3.004,P =0.004).(2) The scores of agreeableness (35.84 ± 4.08) and conscientiousness (37.04±4.83) in impulsive violence group were lower than that in premeditated violence group(38.46±5.53,42.31±5.96),and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.587,P=0.011;t =-4.634,P<0.01).(3) Correlation analysis showed that K value was not significantly correlated with all dimensions of the big five personality(P>0.05).Conclusion Male impulsive prisoners have faster tendency to delay discounting compared with male premeditated prisoners.Lower agreeableness and conscientiousness are the personality characteristics of male impulsive prisoners.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of periodontal microscopic surgery on the augmentation of attached gingiva and determined the clinical principle on how to use minimally invasive surgery to improve the surgery success rate.@*METHODS@#Twenty patients with insufficient attached gingiva around implants were selected. Periodontal microscopic surgery for free gingival graft was performed to increase the width of the attached gingiva around the implants. The survival state of the free gingiva was observed after surgery, and the width of the attached gingiva around the implants was recorded before and after surgery and 1 year after surgery. The shrinkage rate of the free gingival flap 1 year after surgery was analyzed to evaluate the stability of the flap.@*RESULTS@#The flaps of the 20 cases all survived. One year after the operation, the width of the attached gingiva was (3.05±0.44) mm, which increased compared with that of preoperation (2.56±0.31) mm and decreased compared with that of postoperative day (2.13±0.28) mm. The shrinkage rate of the attached gingiva was 41.22%±5.04%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of microscopic surgery on the augmentation surgery of attached gingiva can increase the success rate and improve the quality and quantity of attached gingiva around implants.
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Humans , Dental Implants , Gingiva , General Surgery , Microsurgery , Oral Surgical Procedures , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
The occlusion design of dental implants is related to the growing popularity of dental implantology. This paper discusses the occlusion design of the edentulous implant prosthesis and the relationships between stress change and the alveolar bone and between the occlusal design and implantation complications. The horizontal relationship of condyle, the design of the canine-guided occlusion, and the similarities and differences between the dental implant and the natural teeth on biteforce response are mentioned.
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Humans , Alveolar Bone Loss , Dental Implantation, Endosseous , Dental Implants , Dental Occlusion , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Dental Restoration Failure , Jaw, Edentulous , Jaw, Edentulous, PartiallyABSTRACT
AIM To investigate the effects of Shenge Powder (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Gecko) on heart function in rats with heart failure by coarctation of abdominal aorta and its mechanism of action.METHODS The heart failure rats were fed with Shenge Powder [1.89 g/(kg · d)] or bisoprolol [1 mg/(kg · d)] for twelve weeks.The pathological morphology,hemodynamics,cardiographic index and effect on protein expression of PGC-1 α in sham operation group,model group,Shenge Powder group and Bisoprolol group were observed.RESULTS Compared with the model group,Shenge Powder increased ejection fraction (EF) (P < 0.05),decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P < 0.01),improved maximal rate of left ventricular pressure development (dp/dtmax) and maximal rate of left ventricular pressure decay (dp/dtmin) (P < 0.01),reduced myocardial tissue lesions and myocardial fibrosis.There was no significant difference in PGC-1α protein expression between the Shenge Powder group and the model group.CONCLUSION Shenge Powder can improve left ventricular function in rats with heart failure,and reduce the pathological changes of myocardium tissue.
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AIM To investigate the effects of Shenge Powder (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Gecko) on heart function in rats with heart failure by coarctation of abdominal aorta and its mechanism of action.METHODS The heart failure rats were fed with Shenge Powder [1.89 g/(kg · d)] or bisoprolol [1 mg/(kg · d)] for twelve weeks.The pathological morphology,hemodynamics,cardiographic index and effect on protein expression of PGC-1 α in sham operation group,model group,Shenge Powder group and Bisoprolol group were observed.RESULTS Compared with the model group,Shenge Powder increased ejection fraction (EF) (P < 0.05),decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P < 0.01),improved maximal rate of left ventricular pressure development (dp/dtmax) and maximal rate of left ventricular pressure decay (dp/dtmin) (P < 0.01),reduced myocardial tissue lesions and myocardial fibrosis.There was no significant difference in PGC-1α protein expression between the Shenge Powder group and the model group.CONCLUSION Shenge Powder can improve left ventricular function in rats with heart failure,and reduce the pathological changes of myocardium tissue.
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Currently, exploring the "World-class" disciplinary construction is a vital strategy in China. Since 2015, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine started the project of establishing two distinguish teams—the academic clinicians and clinical investigators ("Two-hundred Talent" team), to fuel the development of clinical research. After two years of practice, both advantages and bottlenecks were found. The advantage contains: increasing selection rate among talent projects, increasing influential output, elevating capacity in clinical research. The bottlenecks contain: unbalanced disciplinary development, poor awareness of the importance of clinical research, lack of relevant supporting policies. In order to improve the quality of the clinical research and the two talent clinical research teams, institutional innovation, personalized supporting system, establishment of clinical research center, training of clinical research nurses are essential.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of time of discontinuing clopidogrel administration be-fore operation on blood-saving effect of tranexamic acid. Methods One hundred and eighty patients of both sexes, aged 18-70 yr, weighing 45-85 kg, scheduled for elective first coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass, were divided into A, B and C groups(n=60 each)according to clopi-dogrel use before operation. In group A, clopidogrel 75 mg∕d was taken orally, and time of stopping clopi-dogrel administration before operation <7 days. In group B, clopidogrel 75 mg∕d was taken orally, and time of stopping use of clopidogrel before operation≥7 days. Patients received no clopidogrel before opera-tion in group C. After induction of anesthesia, tranexamic acid was infused at a loading dose of 10 mg∕kg o-ver 20 min, followed by an infusion of 10 mg·kg-1·h-1until the end of operation. Blood loss and re-quirement for allogeneic erythrocytes,plasma and platelet were recorded before removal of drainage tubes af-ter operation. The dose of heparin and protamine was recorded. The development of perioperative adverse reactions was also recorded. Results There was no significant change in the amount of heparin and prota-mine, ratio of protamine to heparin for heparin neutralization or incidence of perioperative adverse reactions between the three groups(P>0.05). Compared with group C, the incidence of major bleeding, transfusion of and requirement for allogeneic erythrocytes, plasma and platelets were significantly increased in group A (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group B(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative blood loss or transfusion of allogeneic erythrocytes, plas-ma and platelets between group B and group A(P>0.05). Conclusion The time of discontinuing clopi-dogrel administration before operation exerts no effect on blood-saving effect of tranexamic acid.
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Objective To analyze the TCM principles of herbal prescriptions given by professor Zhang Shishun for esophageal cancer by using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (V2.0). Methods The herbal prescriptions from professor Zhang were collected and used for esophageal cancer, and then were recorded into the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system. The date mining methods were used such as principle analysis and revised mutual information. Results A total of 166 prescriptions for esophageal cancer were collected, which involved 316 Chinese medicines. The medicines with high frequency were Ganoderma, Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae, Fructus Trichosanthis, Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis, and Agaricus Blazei Murrill. The combinations of medicines included Ganoderma and Ramulus Juglandis, Radix et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis and Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae, and Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis and Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae. The prescription rules of drug combination mode were obtained. Conclusions The Professor Zhang advocated the theory of determination of treatment based on pathogenesis through differentiation of symptoms and signs, patho-examination, patho-location. He also stressed on the therapy of relieving both primary and secondary symptoms. The Ganoderma, Ramulus Juglandis and Agaricus Blazei Murril were used to strengthen the body resistance. Radix et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis, Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae and Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis were used to eliminate pathogenesis. The Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Fructus Crataegi Praeparata, Massa Medicata Fermentata Praeparata were used to protect stomach-qi. The Fructus Trichosanthis, Bulbus Allii Macrostemonis and Folium Ginkgo wereused to dilate the esophagus. The Fructus Trichosanthis was often combined with Radix Scutellariae to serve all medicines on the esophagus.
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Objective@#To invesitgate the protein expression for leptin receptor in skeletal muscle in periodontitis and obese rat models, with the aim of exploring the effect of experimental periodontitis on adipokines receptors in insulin-targeting tissues and underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. @*Methods @#Forty natal SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups, respectively: obese rats with periodontitis (OB+ CP group), obese rats without periodontitis (OB group), normal rats with periodontitis (CP group) and normal rats without periodontitis (C group). Obese rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of sodium glutamate. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligation and inoculation of periodontal pathogens. Immunohistochemical analysis of leptin receptor expression in skeletal muscle of four groups was employed. @*Results@#In the skeletal muscle, the protein for leptin receptor in the C group and CP group were popular and strong positive, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). The protein expressions in the OB + CP group and OB group were decreased. Fewer protein expres⁃ sion was detected in the OB + CP group when compared with OB group (P < 0.05). A synergistic interaction between obesity and periodontitis was evident to the expression for the leptin receptor (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Local infection induced by experimental periodontitis can barely down⁃regulate the protein expression for leptin receptor in the skeletal muscle. However, periodontitis can significantly down⁃regulate the protein expressions with the presence of obesity.
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Objective @#To establish an animal model that clinically conforms to the characteristics of severe alveolar ridge atrophy. @*Methods @#Beagle dogs were used as experimental subjects. Bilateral fourth premolars and first molars in mandible were extracted. A horizontal groove was made on alveolar ridge which was 8 mm from the cemento-enamal junction of mandible third premolar and second molar. Rongeur was used to remove the alveolar bone above this groove and bone chisel was used to level the bone-free area. A box-shaped defect cavity of the size 25 mm × 8 mm was formed with sterile silicone prosthesis implanted. After careful suture we waited for the subjects to heal naturally. Eight weeks after operation, CBCT examination was performed.@*Results @#Eight weeks after bone remodeling the top of alveolar ridge of operation area appeared to be a circular arc. The average distance from the bottom of the ridge to inferior alveolar nerve canal was 2.5 mm. @*Conclusion @#This study successfully established the Beagle dog animal model for severe alveolar ridge atrophy and laid the foundation for experiments on vertical bone augmentation.