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1.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1043487

ABSTRACT

Background@#Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is linked to a higher risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. However, the association between pregnancy complications and exposure to indoor air pollution remains unclear. The Air Pollution on Pregnancy Outcomes research is a hospital-based prospective cohort research created to look into the effects of aerodynamically exposed particulate matter (PM) 10 and PM 2.5 on pregnancy outcomes. @*Methods@#This prospective multicenter observational cohort study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2023. A total of 662 women with singleton pregnancies enrolled in this study. An AirguardK ® air sensor was installed inside the homes of the participants to measure the individual PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels in the living environment. The time–activity patterns and PM 100 and PM 2.5 , determined as concentrations from the time-weighted average model, were applied to determine the anticipated exposure levels to air pollution of each pregnant woman. The relationship between air pollution exposure and pregnancy outcomes was assessed using logistic and linear regression analyses. @*Results@#Exposure to elevated levels of PM 10 throughout the first, second, and third trimesters as well as throughout pregnancy was strongly correlated with the risk of pregnancy problems according to multiple logistic regression models adjusted for variables. Except for in the third trimester of pregnancy, women exposed to high levels of PM 2.5 had a high risk of pregnancy complications. During the second trimester and entire pregnancy, the risk of preterm birth (PTB) increased by 24% and 27%, respectively, for each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 10. Exposure to high PM 10 levels during the second trimester increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by 30%. The risk of GDM increased by 15% for each 5 μg/m 3 increase in PM2.5 during the second trimester and overall pregnancy, respectively. Exposure to high PM 10 and PM 2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of delivering small for gestational age (SGA) infants by 96% and 26%, respectively. @*Conclusion@#Exposure to high concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 is strongly correlated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exposure to high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 during the second trimester and entire pregnancy, respectively, significantly increased the risk of PTB and GDM. Exposure to high levels of PM 10 and PM2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy considerably increased the risk of having SGA infants. Our findings highlight the need to measure individual particulate levels during pregnancy and the importance of managing air quality in residential environment.

2.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1001907

ABSTRACT

Up to 5% of pregnant females experience chronic hypertension, which is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes, and along with hemorrhage, is considered one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. The combined occurrence of preeclampsia, cesarean sections, preterm birth, birth weight less than 2,500 g, neonatal unit admission, and perinatal death was higher in females with chronic hypertension. Pregnancy with systolic blood pressure of 140-159 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 90-109 mmHg was considered to have mild-to-moderate chronic hypertension. Blood pressure management during pregnancy is a very important issue and is directly related to fetal growth and maternal health. Many studies have reported that antihypertensive therapy during pregnancy halves the incidence of severe hypertension in all types of hypertensive diseases. However, guidelines for optimal blood pressure management goals during pregnancy remain unclear. This is because the benefits to the mother from lowering blood pressure are uncertain, and there is a risk of fetal disorders due to the possibility of reduced uteroplacental blood flow. In light of a recently released CHAP (Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy) randomized controlled trial, the purpose of this review was to provide a summary of the current recommendations for pregnant females with mild-to-moderate chronic hypertension.

3.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-892599

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm is an extremely rare, life-threatening disease and has been reported to be most highly associated with pregnancy. The current study presents a case of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal hematoma caused by spontaneous rupture of a right ovarian artery aneurysm in a 56-year-old woman. A 56-year-old woman visited the emergency room with right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a large retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal hematoma and active extravasation of contrast medium in the right retroperitoneum. Consequently, transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully performed. Spontaneous rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm should be suspected in multiparous women with abdominal or flank pain even if it is unrelated to pregnancy. Suspicion of this entity is needed for earlier diagnosis and management.

4.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-893548

ABSTRACT

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical practice patterns of Korean obstetricians and gynecologists the diagnosis and management of hypertensive disease in pregnant women. @*Methods@#From April 2015 to October 2015, questionnaire was distributed via email to obstetricians who were members of the Society for Maternal and Fetal Medicine. The survey consisted of 37 questions in 6 categories. Responses to the questions on the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, from diagnosis to treatment, were evaluated. @*Results@#A total of 93 obstetricians and gynecologists responded to the survey. High blood pressure was allocated the highest priority as an index mainly used when deciding to hospitalize patients with hypertensive disease during pregnancy, followed by pregnancy symptoms, proteinuria, and blood test results. Calcium channel blocker (CCB) for oral administration and hydralazine for injection were preferred as antihypertensive drugs mainly used to control severe hypertension. Regarding the delivery method for hypertensive disease during pregnancy, in cases of preeclampsia, 63% of the respondents chose the delivery method according to the cervical status, and in cases of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome and eclampsia, which increased in severity, 52% and 31% responded that the delivery method was determined according to the cervical status, respectively. In cases of mild preeclampsia, the 70% of respondents preferred 37–38 weeks of gestation for the delivery time. Regarding the use of aspirin in patient with hypertension during pregnancy, 52% of the respondents occasionally administered aspirin, and in patients with a history of hypertensive disease during pregnancy, only 43% were administered prophylactic aspirin. @*Conclusion@#Domestic obstetricians regarded blood pressure as the most meaningful factor when treating women with hypertension during pregnancy and considered blood pressure control as important. The preferred antihypertensive agents were oral CCB and hydralazine injections, and the choice of delivery method was determined according to the condition of the cervix and severity of the disease. Even in women with high risk factors for preeclampsia, prophylactic aspirin was administered in as low as 50%, of patients, possibly may due to the absence of domestic guidelines for aspirin use during pregnancy. Korean guidelines for prophylactic aspirin administration during pregnancy is needed based on additional research on the efficacy of aspirin for domestic women in the future.

5.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-875106

ABSTRACT

Objective@#Although serum ferritin is considered the best measure of total body iron, with low levels indicating iron deficiency, recent studies have shown that high levels are associated with gestational diabetes, premature birth, and low birth weight. This study aimed to analyze the association between serum ferritin levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and low birth weight and preterm birth. @*Methods@#This study included pregnant women who delivered a single fetus at Kangwon National University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2013 and in whom serum ferritin levels were measured between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation. The association between serum ferritin levels measured in the early third trimester of pregnancy and preterm birth and low birth weight infants was analyzed. @*Results@#A total of 1,079 women fulfilled the study criteria and had their serum ferritin level measured during the third trimester (28–33.9 weeks of gestation) and later delivered at Kangwon National University Hospital. Comparison of the group with serum ferritin levels above the 75th percentile and those below the 25th percentile at the beginning of the third trimester revealed that the incidence of preterm births (<34 weeks of gestation, <37 weeks of gestation) and low birth weight were significantly higher in the group with serum ferritin levels above the 75th percentile than those below the 25th percentile (p<0.05). When variable factors were controlled through multiple regression analysis, the group whose serum ferritin levels were above the 75th percentile at 30–31.9 weeks of gestation had the highest risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–29.9) and low birth weight (adjusted OR, 6.49; 95% CI, 2.10–20.0). @*Conclusion@#In this study, when serum ferritin was high in the third trimester of pregnancy, it was significantly increased with preterm birth (<34 and 37 weeks) and low birth weight. In particular, when serum ferritin levels were high at 30–31.9 weeks of gestation, the risk of premature birth before 34 weeks and low birth weight was statistically highest.

6.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-900303

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm is an extremely rare, life-threatening disease and has been reported to be most highly associated with pregnancy. The current study presents a case of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal hematoma caused by spontaneous rupture of a right ovarian artery aneurysm in a 56-year-old woman. A 56-year-old woman visited the emergency room with right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a large retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal hematoma and active extravasation of contrast medium in the right retroperitoneum. Consequently, transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully performed. Spontaneous rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm should be suspected in multiparous women with abdominal or flank pain even if it is unrelated to pregnancy. Suspicion of this entity is needed for earlier diagnosis and management.

7.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-901252

ABSTRACT

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical practice patterns of Korean obstetricians and gynecologists the diagnosis and management of hypertensive disease in pregnant women. @*Methods@#From April 2015 to October 2015, questionnaire was distributed via email to obstetricians who were members of the Society for Maternal and Fetal Medicine. The survey consisted of 37 questions in 6 categories. Responses to the questions on the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, from diagnosis to treatment, were evaluated. @*Results@#A total of 93 obstetricians and gynecologists responded to the survey. High blood pressure was allocated the highest priority as an index mainly used when deciding to hospitalize patients with hypertensive disease during pregnancy, followed by pregnancy symptoms, proteinuria, and blood test results. Calcium channel blocker (CCB) for oral administration and hydralazine for injection were preferred as antihypertensive drugs mainly used to control severe hypertension. Regarding the delivery method for hypertensive disease during pregnancy, in cases of preeclampsia, 63% of the respondents chose the delivery method according to the cervical status, and in cases of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome and eclampsia, which increased in severity, 52% and 31% responded that the delivery method was determined according to the cervical status, respectively. In cases of mild preeclampsia, the 70% of respondents preferred 37–38 weeks of gestation for the delivery time. Regarding the use of aspirin in patient with hypertension during pregnancy, 52% of the respondents occasionally administered aspirin, and in patients with a history of hypertensive disease during pregnancy, only 43% were administered prophylactic aspirin. @*Conclusion@#Domestic obstetricians regarded blood pressure as the most meaningful factor when treating women with hypertension during pregnancy and considered blood pressure control as important. The preferred antihypertensive agents were oral CCB and hydralazine injections, and the choice of delivery method was determined according to the condition of the cervix and severity of the disease. Even in women with high risk factors for preeclampsia, prophylactic aspirin was administered in as low as 50%, of patients, possibly may due to the absence of domestic guidelines for aspirin use during pregnancy. Korean guidelines for prophylactic aspirin administration during pregnancy is needed based on additional research on the efficacy of aspirin for domestic women in the future.

8.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-741743

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of cisplatin on photodynamic therapy (PDT) in breast cancer using a breast tumor-bearing mouse model. METHODS: In this study, breast tumor (experimental mammary tumour-6 cell)-bearing nude mice were used as experimental animals. Photolon® (photosensitizer, 2.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]) was injected intraperitoneally; after 2 hours, the tumors were irradiated (660 nm, 80 J/cm2) using a diode laser tool. Cisplatin (3 mg/kg BW) was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before the Photolon® injection. RESULTS: Tumor volume increased over time in the control group and was not different from that in the cisplatin group. In the PDT group, the tumor volume increased on day 3, but not on day 7. In the cisplatin+PDT group, tumor volume increased on day 3 but decreased on day 7. There was no significant difference in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in tumor tissues between the control and cisplatin groups. The levels of TBARS in the cisplatin+PDT group were higher (47%) than those in the PDT group. Analysis of tumor tissue transcriptomes showed that the expression of genes related to the inflammatory response including CL and XCL genes increased, while that of Fn1 decreased in the cisplatin+PDT group compared with the PDT group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cisplatin enhances the therapeutic effect of PDT in a breast tumor-bearing mouse model. However, further clinical studies involving patients with breast cancer is needed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Body Weight , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Cisplatin , Lasers, Semiconductor , Mice, Nude , Photochemotherapy , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances , Transcriptome , Tumor Burden
9.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-760651

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of quercetin on the antitumor activity of cisplatin and its side-effects. METHODS: EMT6 cells, a mouse breast cancer cell line, were injected subcutaneously in mice to generate a breast tumor-bearing mouse model. Experimental groups were divided into four groups: control (C), quercetin (Q), cisplatin (CP), and cisplatin+quercetin (CP+Q). RESULTS: The tumor volume of the CP+Q group was significantly lower than that of the CP group. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the CP+Q group were lower than those in the CP group. Renal γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher in the CP+Q group than in the CP group, and the content of renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was significantly lower in the CP+Q group than that in the CP group. These results suggested that quercetin and cisplatin synergistically increased cellular toxicity in breast cancer cells and mediated cancer growth inhibition, thereby enhancing the antitumor effect of cisplatin compared to when only cisplatin was administered. Quercetin also reduced renal toxicity, which arose as a potential a side effect of cisplatin. CONCLUSION: The enhanced antitumor effect of cisplatin and decreased renal toxicity after quercetin treatment suggested the applicability of quercetin as an adjuvant for chemotherapeutic agents.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Alkaline Phosphatase , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Cell Line , Cisplatin , Creatinine , Quercetin , Tumor Burden
10.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-760663

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of genistein on the anticancer effects of chemotherapeutic agents, we examined the effect of a genistein and cisplatin combination on CaSki human cervical cancer cells. METHODS: After the cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells, CaSki cells) had been cultured, cisplatin and genistein were added to the culture medium, and the cell activity was measured using MTT assay. The CaSki cells were cultured in a medium containing cisplatin and genistein, and then, the cells were collected in order to measure p53, Bcl2, ERK, and caspase 3 levels by western blotting. RESULTS: Both the HeLa and CaSki cells had decreased cell viabilities when the cisplatin concentration was 10 μM or higher. When combined with genistein, the cell viabilities of the HeLa and CaSki cells decreased at cisplatin concentrations of 8 μM and 6 μM, respectively. The administration of genistein increased the toxicity of cisplatin in the HeLa and CaSki cells. In the CaSki cells, the p-ERK1/2 level decreased by 37%, the p53 expression level increased by 304%, and the cleaved caspase 3 level increased by 115% in the cisplatin+genistein group compared to that in the cisplatin group. Bcl2 expression was reduced by 69% in the cisplatin+genistein group compared to that in the cisplatin group. CONCLUSION: Genistein enhances the anticancer effect of cisplatin in CaSki cells, and can be used as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant to increase the activity of a chemotherapeutic agent.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blotting, Western , Caspase 3 , Cell Line , Cell Survival , Cisplatin , Genistein , HeLa Cells , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
11.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-758547

ABSTRACT

Since the year 2000, low birth rates have resulted in significant decreases to maternity care services throughout many Korean hospitals. However, there has been a concomitant increase in the number of high-risk pregnancies, due to growing trends in delayed marriages and subsequent pregnancies. Increased maternal age is a risk factor associated with complicated pregnancies and high-risk deliveries, both of which are strongly related to maternal death. With this in mind, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has supported the establishment of a regional perinatal center for high-risk pregnancies, estimated to be be fully completed by the year 2020. Despite this, maternity care services for high-risk pregnancies remain insufficient. According to previous reports, the total number of maternity care hospitals and beds available for high-risk pregnant women were 60 and 399, respectively. This is in stark contrast to previous bed estimates of 1,640. The establishment of a maternity care system for high-risk pregnant women is integral to ensuring optimal conditions for both pregnancy and childbirth. This review briefly evaluates the existing maternity care system for high-risk pregnancies, and proposes several new suggestions for improvements.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Birth Rate , Korea , Marriage , Maternal Age , Maternal Death , Parturition , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pregnant Women , Risk Factors
12.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-221135

ABSTRACT

Because childbirth is a complex and difficult process, intensive preparation, and the immediate availability of emergency assistance during every step of delivery support to maternal safety. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant women must be able to access the right care at the right time. Appropriate obstetricians is important factor for easy access during pregnancy. Especially, an increase in the number of specialists in maternal-fetal medicine would greatly improve the pregnancy outcomes of high-risk women. In 2013, a total of 2,274 obstetricians were employed in maternity hospitals and clinics in Korea. Their average age was 44.8 years and they will get older soon. By 2026, 740 junior obstetricians will join the maternity care system, but 916 senior obstetricians will have retired on night duty at hospital because of above 60 years of age. Thus, obstetrician numbers will fall by 176. Korea requires 2,338~3,507 obstetricians based on an annual number of deliveries per obstetrician in 2016. However, Korea has a shortage of obstetricians because of the low birth rate-induced business losses, inadequate payment system by the national health insurance program, and the quality-of-life preferences of young doctors. Ensuring an appropriate supply of obstetricians is essential for infrastructure of safe childbirth. I believe that adequate payment by the national health insurance program, and new medical insurance fees for management of high-risk pregnancies, will encourage young doctors to become obstetricians. The government should also introduce additional night duty fees and overseas training programs for young obstetricians.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Commerce , Education , Emergencies , Fees and Charges , Hospitals, Maternity , Insurance , Korea , National Health Programs , Parturition , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pregnant Women , Specialization , World Health Organization
13.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-9713

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first detected during pregnancy. It can result in pregnancy complications such as birth injury, stillbirth. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), found in adipose tissue, is associated with insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether FABP4 in the placenta and decidua of pregnant women with GDM is higher than that in normal pregnant women, and whether serum from pregnant women with GDM may cause adipocytes to secrete more FABP4 than does serum from a normal pregnant group. METHODS: We obtained placentas, deciduas, and serum from 12 pregnant women with GDM and 12 normal pregnant women and performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. We cultured human pre-adipocytes for 17 days with GDM and non-GDM serum and performed western blot, real time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction, and oil red O staining. RESULTS: Expression of FABP4 in serum, placenta and decidua of pregnant women with GDM was significantly higher than that in normal pregnant women. Serum from pregnant women with GDM increased the expression of FABP4 mRNA and decreased the expression of adiponectin mRNA in human pre-adipocytes significantly. Adipocyte cultured in GDM serum showed significantly greater lipid accumulation than those cultured in normal serum. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that FABP4 is higher in placenta and decidua from pregnant women with GDM. Increased circulating FABP4 in maternal serum from pregnant women with GDM may originate from adipocytes and the placenta. Circulating FABP4 can induce increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Humans , Pregnancy , Adipocytes , Adiponectin , Adipose Tissue , Birth Injuries , Blotting, Western , Decidua , Diabetes, Gestational , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Glucose Intolerance , Insulin Resistance , Placenta , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy in Diabetics , Pregnant Women , RNA, Messenger , Stillbirth
14.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-224836

ABSTRACT

The number of maternity care hospitals in underserved areas has been falling since 2004 because of business losses steming from low birth rates, inadequate insurance payments for obstetric services, and the shortage of obstetricians. However, the proportion of pregnant women at high risk in Korea has been increasing for decades because of the delay of marriage and the greater number of older pregnant women. High-risk pregnancies tend to lead to pregnancy complications and are associated with high-risk deliveries. An insufficient maternity care system for highrisk pregnant women in Korea has resulted in an increase in maternal mortality. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has supported the establishment of maternity care centers in underserved areas and regional perinatal centers to reduce maternal mortality. Even though the regional perinatal centers are a good system for reducing maternal mortality, they are limited in scope, in that they are not being established quickly on a nationwide scale to detect high-risk pregnancies earlier. This review briefly describes the current maternity care system for high-risk pregnancies and proposes a direction for the development of a health care delivery system between the regional perinatal centers and the maternity care system in underserved areas.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Accidental Falls , Birth Rate , Commerce , Delivery of Health Care , Insurance , Korea , Marriage , Maternal Mortality , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pregnant Women
15.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-17035

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study is to compare the effects of green tea polyphenol (GTP) pre-treatment with those of GTP post-treatment on cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Animals in the control group received 0.9% saline (intraperitoneal); animals in the GTP group received 0.9% saline and GTP (0.2% GTP as their sole source of drinking water); the CP group received only CP (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneal); the CP+preGTP group received GTP from two days before CP to four days after CP and the CP+postGTP group received GTP for four days after CP. CP-induced renal toxicity was evaluated by plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations; kidney tissue gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities and histopathological examinations. RESULTS: High serume creatinine and BUN concentrations were observed in CP treated rats. The GGT and AP activites were lower in kidney of CP treated rats compared to control rats. In addition, treatment with CP resulted in development of a marked tubular necrosis, and tubular dilation in kidney of rats. Pretreatment with GTP resulted in markedly reduced elevation of serum creatinine and BUN amounts and changes of GGT and AP activity in kidney induced by CP. CP-induced histopathological changes, including tubular necrosis and dilation, were ameliorated in GTP pre-treated rats, compared to CP alone or GTP post-treated rats. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that GTP might have some protective effect against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rat, and GTP pre-treatment was more effective than GTP post-treatment on reduction of CP-induced renal dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Alkaline Phosphatase , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Cisplatin , Creatinine , Drinking , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , Guanosine Triphosphate , Kidney , Necrosis , Plasma , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tea
16.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-78891

ABSTRACT

Breast is a typical female sexual physiologic organ that is influenced by steroid hormone from menarche until menopause. Therefore various diseases can be developed by continuous action of estrogen and progesterone. Breast diseases are mainly categorized as benign and malignant. It is very important to distinguish the malignancy from breast diseases. However, it is very difficult to diagnose malignancy in pregnant and lactating women even though the same breast diseases took place. Therefore, we will review breast diseases such as breast carcinoma during pregnancy and lactation.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Breast , Breast Diseases , Estrogens , Hypogonadism , Lactation , Menarche , Menopause , Mitochondrial Diseases , Ophthalmoplegia , Progesterone
17.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-17306

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for superficial neoplasms and its usage has been recently extended to deeper lesions. The purpose of this study was to observe whether or not PDT can cure breast cancer in the solid tumor model, and to define the critical point of laser amount for killing the cancer cells. METHODS: Twenty four BALB/c mouse models with subcutaneous EMT6 mammary carcinomas were prepared. Mice were divided into eight groups depending on the amount of illumination, and the tumor size was between 8 mm and 10 mm. We began by peritoneal infiltration with a photosensitizer 48 hours prior to applying the laser light, and then we applied a non-thermal laser light. The energy was from 350 J/cm2 to 30 J/cm2 to the cancer. RESULTS: Regardless of the tumor size from 8 mm to 10 mm, all mice apparently showed positive results via PDT. We also did not find any recurrence over 90 J/cm2. In all models, the color of the breast cancer lesions began to vary to dark on 2 days post PDT and the tumor regression began simultaneously. Also, we confirmed the complete regression of the breast cancer 21 days after PDT. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that PDT may treat breast cancers that are sized less 10 mm in mouse models. The moderate energy to destruct the breast cancer cells may be 90 J/cm2. Therefore, we can expcect that PDT may be utilized to treat breast cancer, but we need more experience, skills and processing for clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Homicide , Light , Lighting , Photochemotherapy , Recurrence , Triazenes
18.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-221564

ABSTRACT

Paraneoplastic neutrophilia caused by a squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix has been seen rarely. We report a case of relapsed squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with severe neutrophilia, rapid tumor growth and aggressive clinical course, possibly due to autocrine stimulation of cell growth by G-CSF and IL-6 without other possible causes of neutrophilia.


Subject(s)
Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cervix Uteri , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Interleukin-6 , Paraneoplastic Syndromes
19.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-140254

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of sonographic morphology indexing (MI) system and serum CA-125 levels in the assessment of the malignancy risk in patients with ovarian tumors. METHODS: From September 2000 to July 2006, 202 patients who underwent surgery for ovarian tumors were reviewed retrospectively. In all patients, the MI score and serum CA-125 level were measured preoperatively. The association of the final pathologic diagnosis with the MI score and serum CA-125 level were examined. RESULTS: There were 26 malignant tumors out of 141 ovarian tumors with a MI > or =5 (18%). With a cut-off value of 5, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MI scores were 0.743, 0.293, 0.181, and 0.845, respectively. There were 22 malignant tumors out of 54 ovarian tumors with serum CA-125 >30 u/ml (41%). With a cut-off value of 30 u/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of serum CA-125 level were 0.667, 0.808, 0.407, and NPV 0.925, respectively. On ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value of MI score was 6.5-7.5 and that of serum CA-125 level was 25.6-28.5 u/ml. With a cut-off value of 7, the sensitivity and 1-specificity of MI score were 0.875-0.917 and 0.023-0.203, respectively. After the exclusion of teratoma cases, the sensitivity and 1-specificity of MI score were 0.875-0.917 and 0.046-0.138, respectively. With a cut-off value of 25.6-28.5 u/ml, the sensitivity and 1-specificity of serum CA-125 level were 0.958 and 0.203-0.215, respectively. CONCLUSION: The sonographic MI system is an accurate and simple method to differentiate a malignant tumor from a benign ovarian tumor. The accuracy of the sonographic MI system improved when the serum CA-125 level was considered and ovarian teratomas were excluded.


Subject(s)
Humans , Abstracting and Indexing , CA-125 Antigen , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Teratoma
20.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-140255

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of sonographic morphology indexing (MI) system and serum CA-125 levels in the assessment of the malignancy risk in patients with ovarian tumors. METHODS: From September 2000 to July 2006, 202 patients who underwent surgery for ovarian tumors were reviewed retrospectively. In all patients, the MI score and serum CA-125 level were measured preoperatively. The association of the final pathologic diagnosis with the MI score and serum CA-125 level were examined. RESULTS: There were 26 malignant tumors out of 141 ovarian tumors with a MI > or =5 (18%). With a cut-off value of 5, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MI scores were 0.743, 0.293, 0.181, and 0.845, respectively. There were 22 malignant tumors out of 54 ovarian tumors with serum CA-125 >30 u/ml (41%). With a cut-off value of 30 u/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of serum CA-125 level were 0.667, 0.808, 0.407, and NPV 0.925, respectively. On ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value of MI score was 6.5-7.5 and that of serum CA-125 level was 25.6-28.5 u/ml. With a cut-off value of 7, the sensitivity and 1-specificity of MI score were 0.875-0.917 and 0.023-0.203, respectively. After the exclusion of teratoma cases, the sensitivity and 1-specificity of MI score were 0.875-0.917 and 0.046-0.138, respectively. With a cut-off value of 25.6-28.5 u/ml, the sensitivity and 1-specificity of serum CA-125 level were 0.958 and 0.203-0.215, respectively. CONCLUSION: The sonographic MI system is an accurate and simple method to differentiate a malignant tumor from a benign ovarian tumor. The accuracy of the sonographic MI system improved when the serum CA-125 level was considered and ovarian teratomas were excluded.


Subject(s)
Humans , Abstracting and Indexing , CA-125 Antigen , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Teratoma
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