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BACKGROUND@#Cutaneous wound healing represents a common fundamental phenomenon requiring the participation of cells of distinct types and a major concern for the public. Evidence has confirmed that photobiomodulation (PBM) using near-infrared (NIR) can promote wound healing, but the cells involved and the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. @*METHODS@#Full-thickness skin defects with a diameter of 1.0 cm were made on the back of rats and randomly divided into the control group, 10 J, 15 J, and 30 J groups. The wound healing rate at days 4, 8, and 12 postoperatively was measured. HE and Masson staining was conducted to reveal the histological characteristics. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to label the epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of proteins associated with ESCs and HFSCs. Cutaneous wound tissues were collected for RNA sequencing. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was performed, and the hub genes were identified using CytoHubba and validated by qRT-PCR. @*RESULTS@#PBM can promote reepithelialization, extracellular matrix deposition, and wound healing, increase the number of KRT14+/PCNA+ ESCs and KRT15+/PCNA+ HFSCs, and upregulate the protein expression of P63, Krt14, and PCNA. Three hundred and sixty-six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7 hub genes including Sox9, Krt5, Epcam, Cdh1, Cdh3, Dsp, and Pkp3 were identified. These DEGs are enriched in skin development, cell junction, and cadherin binding involved in cell–cell adhesion etc., while these hub genes are related to skin derived stem cells and cell adhesion. @*CONCLUSION@#PBM accelerates wound healing by enhancing reepithelialization through promoting ESCs and HFSCs proliferation and elevating the expression of genes associated with stem cells and cell adhesion. This may provide a valuable alternative strategy to promote wound healing and reepithelialization by modulating the proliferation of skin derived stem cells and regulating genes related to cell adhesion.
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Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version(AVLT-H)of memo-ry impairment in patients with subjective cognitive decline(SCD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Method:According to the inclusion criteria,the recruited elderly were screened and divided into three groups:normal cognition(NC),SCD and MCI group.The neuropsychological tests including mini-mental state exami-nation(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assessment-Beijing version(MOCA-BJ)and AVLT-H were completed af-ter inclusion.The scores of MMSE,MoCA-B,AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 were recorded and analyzed. Result:There were significant differences in the scores of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H among the three groups(P＜0.0167).The adjusted Bonferroni test was used to detect significant differences in post-hoc comparison.There were significant difference in MMSE and MoCA scores between SCD and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and NC(P＜0.001).However,no significant difference between MCI and SCD was found.There were sig-nificant difference in N1 score between MCI and NC(P=0.013)and between MCI and SCD(P=0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.There were significant difference in AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 scores between MCI and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and SCD(P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.The area under the curve of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H scores were examined using NC group and SCD group as state variables,respectively.For differentiat-ing MCI and SCD,eAVLT-H scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N1 and N7 had the highest sensitivity.For distinguishing MCI from NC,AVLT-H and MoCA scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N4,N6 and N7 had the highest sensitivity. Conclusion:AVLT-H,combined with MMSE and MoCA,can improve the defining diagnostic sensitivity of MCI and SCD from normal cognition.It is recommended to routinely use AVLT-H in a routine assessment for MCI and SCD patients.
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Cognitive decline is one of the main clinical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases. There is no specific drug treatment, which seriously affects the quality of life and rehabilitation process of these patients. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technology such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation known as its advantages of non-invasive, painless, and easy to operate, has been used in clinical treatment of cognitive disorders. In particular, it has a good effect on improving cognitive functions such as memory, attention, orientation and language ability. In recent years, the study of cerebellar involvement in learning and memory through brain-cerebellar circuit has attracted much attention, and cerebellum has become a new target for NIBS technology exploration. However, the correlation between cerebellar NIBS and cognitive function regulation is still unclear. This paper aims to provide the evidences of the anatomic and functional basis of cerebellar involvement in cognitive function regulation and cerebellar non-invasive stimulation on cognitive function regulation.
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Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has been widespread in the world, causing about 770 million infecting and 6.9 million deaths. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection have become the main way to prevent the severe SARS-CoV-2. The use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has substantial protection against the serious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but multiple systemic adverse reactions can occur after the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. More and more studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine caused lesions of ocular conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and optic nerve tissue and resulted in damage to visual function. In this paper, the classification and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and related studies on ocular tissue lesions were reviewed, hoping to better understand the ocular adverse reactions of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and provide some theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of ocular tissue damage caused by SARS-COV-2 vaccine.
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AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasonic cycloplasty(UCP)combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)+ panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)in the treatment of advanced neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 45 patients(45 eyes)with advanced NVG who received surgery in our hospital from August 2020 to September 2022 were collected and divided into UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group(16 patients, 16 eyes), transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(TCP)+anti-VEGF+PRP group(20 patients, 20 eyes), UCP alone group(9 patients, 9 eyes). The intraocular pressure, pain scores, postoperative medication, effective rate, total success rate and the incidence of complications of the patients in the three groups were compared before surgery and at 1 d, 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative intraocular pressure, pain scores and preoperative medication of patients in the three groups(all P>0.05). While there were statistical significance in the intraocular pressure and pain scores at 1 d, 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.01). The intraocular pressure of the UCP alone group(31.78±10.23 mmHg)was found to be higher than that of both the UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group(19.44±8.23 mmHg)and the TCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group(20.80±10.27 mmHg)at 1 mo postoperatively(all P<0.017). The pain score of the TCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group at 1 d and 1 wk postoperatively was higher than both the UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group and the UCP alone group(all P<0.017). The effective rates of UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group, TCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group and UCP alone group were 81%(13/16), 75%(15/20)and 67%(6/9), respectively,(P=0.675), and the success rates were 69%(11/16), 50%(10/20), and 0(0/9), respectively(P=0.003). There was no significant difference in complications of patients in the three groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: UCP combined with anti-VEGF +PRP and TCP combined with anti-VEGF +PRP showed comparable efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure in advanced NVG. UCP combined with anti-VEGF+PRP was more effective in relieving pain and with no serious complications in advanced NVG. UCP alone can effectively control intraocular pressure and alleviate the pain of patients in the early postoperative period, but long-term control still requires anti-VEGF+PRP.
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Objective To explore the international hotspots and frontiers of sports training in cardiovascular disease research and provide a reference for future research in China.Methods On September 5,2023,we retrieved the Web of Science Core Collection(WosCC)database,including studies on exercise training in cardiovascular disease between 2010 and 2022.Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to analyze the annual changes in the number of publications,and Cite Space was used to analyze the literature journals,authors,references,and keywords,etc.Results A total of 1 274 articles were included,and the number of publications gradually increased between 2010 and 2022.The research on exercise training in cardiovascular disease is receiving increasing attention from the international academic community,mainly focusing on the United States.However,there is a lack of cooperation among countries,institutions,and authors in this research field.Conclusions The research on exercise training in cardiovascular disease spans across other disciplines such as medicine,molecular biology,physical chemistry,and has a wide range of research fields.The hot keywords in this research field are exercise training,cardiac rehabilitation,and coronary heart disease,while future research directions are intervention,inflammatory response,resistance,and adults.
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To promote the development of extracellular vesicles of herbal medicine especially the establishment of standardization, led by the National Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, research experts in the field of herbal medicine and extracellular vesicles were invited nationwide with the support of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, Professional Committee on Extracellular Vesicle Research and Application, Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. Based on the collation of relevant literature, we have adopted the Delphi method, the consensus meeting method combined with the nominal group method to form a discussion draft of "Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023)". The first draft was discussed in online and offline meetings on October 12, 14, November 2, 2022 and April and May 2023 on the current status of research, nomenclature, isolation methods, quality standards and research applications of extracellular vesicles of Chinese herbal medicines, and 13 consensus opinions were finally formed. At the Third Academic Conference on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, held on May 26, 2023, Kewei Zhao, convenor of the consensus, presented and read the consensus to the experts of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. The consensus highlights the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine, inherits the essence, and keeps the righteousness and innovation, aiming to provide a reference for colleagues engaged in research and application of Chinese herbal vesicles at home and abroad, decode the mystery behind Chinese herbal vesicles together, establish a safe, effective and controllable accurate Chinese herbal vesicle prevention and treatment system, and build a bridge for Chinese medicine to the world.
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To review the concept development,characteristics,measurement tools,influencing factors,effects,and cultivation of moral resilience among medical staff at home and abroad.The characteristics of moral resilience of medical staff include personal integrity,adaptability,self-regulation,self-management,and moral efficacy of medical personnel,as well as the relational integrity of the medical team.The influencing factors of medical staff's moral resilience include the support system of the medical team,personal qualities of medical staff,and their understanding of events.Moral resilience can promote the physical and mental health of medical staff,effectively cope with moral injury,reduce occupational fatigue and turnover intention of medical staff,as well as alleviate the moral dilemmas of medical staff.Cultivate moral resilience to enhance the ability of medical staff to resist moral dilemmas.
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Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel non-sequencing genetic analysis technology that enables high-precision analysis of structural variations across the entire genome. It possesses unique technical advantages, and its procedural simplicity makes it easy to implement. In recent years, the application efficacy of OGM technology in the analysis of genomic structural variations in hematologic malignancies has been widely validated and recognized. Increasing evidence indicates that the application of OGM technology can help improve the genetic diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment guidance of hematologic malignancies. This article draws upon pertinent reports from the 65th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting to provide an overview of the progress in applying OGM technology for the precise diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system due to the loss or death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Clinically, levodopa is the most effective and commonly used drug for PD treatment. However, long-term levodopa therapy is prone to motor complications and other side effects caused by excessive peripheral dopamine production, which has become an urgent problem to be solved in PD treatment. Dopamine receptor (DR) agonists are similar to dopamine. They can directly stimulate postsynaptic dopamine receptors, produce the same effect as dopamine, delay the application of levodopa as much as possible, and reduce complications caused by long-term use of levodopa. Therefore, screening effective dopamine receptor agonists has become a key issue in the study and treatment of PD. In order to establish a rapid, stable and reliable method for dopamine receptor agonist screening, this study used the human dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) gene fused with a circular permuted EGFP (cpEGFP) to construct a recombinant gene, packaged with lentiviral vector, and the vector replaced the parted inner transmembrane domain of the third intracellular loop (ICL3) of genetically-encoded GPCR-activation based (GRAB) sensors. The fluorescence of GPCR-fused cpEGFP is regulated by conformational changes mediated by the interaction of dopamine receptor agonists with GPCRs without altering GPCR activity. The HEK293T cells were infected with viral vector, screened by puromycin to select highly expressed cells. Dopamine receptor agonists (including dopamine, bromocriptine mesylate, cabergoline, pramipexole) were used as positive drugs to explore the best screening and detection conditions, establishing a stable model to evaluate the dopamine receptor agonist. The results showed that the optimal filter for the dopamine receptor agonist in this study was the cell seeding count of 7×104, and the effective concentration of the positive drug was 1-100 µmol·L-1. In addition, pretreated with 10 µmol·L-1 dopamine receptor antagonists (including chlorprothixol hydrochloride, domperidone, and sulpiride), the positive fluorescence signal of overexpressed DRD2-cpEGFP HEK293T cells could not be detected when exposed to 10 µmol·L-1 dopamine receptor agonists, which proved that dopamine receptor antagonists could block the activity of dopamine receptor agonists, so they cannot activate dopamine receptor allosteric, indicating that the model has good specificity and can also be used for the screening and detection of new dopamine receptor antagonists. In summary, the study constructs a stable dopamine sensor detection system, which can effectively screen potential dopamine receptor agonists. The operation procedures are simple and rapid. And it can be used for a large-scale screening providing a fundamental methodology for drug development and PD treatment targeted on DRD2.
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Objective To explore the risk factors of clopidogrel resistance (CR) in the elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and to provide evidence for the antiplatelet therapy. Methods A total of 223 elderly patients (≥80 years old) with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease treated in the Department of Geriatrics in the Peking University People's Hospital from January 18,2013 to November 30,2019 and meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study.The clinical data and laboratory test results were collected,including clinical disease,drug use,physical examination,complete blood cell analysis,biochemical indicators,and thromboelastogram (TEG).The rate of platelet inhibition induced by adenosine diphosphate was calculated according to the TEG.We assigned the patients into a CR group (n=84) and a control group (n=139) to analyze the incidence and influence factors of CR in the elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Results The incidence of CR was 37.7% in the elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.The CR group had lower hemoglobin (t=3.533,P=0.001) and higher hypertension prevalence rate (χ2=6.581,P=0.006),proportion of multiple drugs (χ2=3.332,P=0.048),body mass index (BMI) (t=-2.181,P=0.030),total cholesterol (t=-2.264,P=0.025),triglycerides (Z=-2.937,P=0.003),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (t=-2.347,P=0.020),and proportion of women (χ2=5.562,P=0.014) than the control group.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that hemoglobin (OR=0.962,P<0.001),BMI (OR=1.154,P=0.003),and LDL-C (OR=1.688,P=0.018) were the factors influencing CR in the elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Conclusion Hemoglobin,BMI,and LDL-C may be independent factors associated with the occurrence of CR in the elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Atherosclerosis , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cholesterol, LDL , Clopidogrel/therapeutic use , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the predictive efficacy of the two thrombosis risk assessment scores (Padua and IMPEDE scores) in venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in China. Methods: This study reviewed the clinical data of 421 patients with NDMM hospitalized in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from April 2014 to February 2022. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the two scores were calculated to quantify the thrombus risk assessment of VTE by the Padua and IMPEDE scores. The receiver operating characteristics curves of the two evaluation scores were drawn. Results: The incidence of VTE was 14.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the Padua score were 100%, 0%, 14.7%, and 0% and that of the IMPEDE score was 79%, 44%, 49.2%, and 23%, respectively. The areas under the curve of Padua and IMPEDE risk assessment scores were 0.591 and 0.722, respectively. Conclusion: IMPEDE score is suitable for predicting VTE within 6 months in patients with NDMM.
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Humans , Venous Thromboembolism/etiology , Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , ROC Curve , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To determine the roles of phosphorylated ubiquitin(pUb)on ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal(UPS)degradation activity,and the roles of pUb on neurodegeneration.METHODS We use PTEN induced kinase 1(PINK1)to phosphorylate ubiquitin.The Ub/S65A cannot be phosphorylated by PINK1,and was used to antagonize the roles of pUb.The Ub/S65E was used to mimic the roles of pUb.The roles of pUb on UPS degradation activity were determined by immunoflu-orescence,Western blot and TIRF microscope at cellular and protein level.The roles of pUb on neurodegeneration were determined by behavior tests,immunofluorescence,Golgi staining,TEM,Western blot and proteomics sacle in mouse.RESULTS The level of soluble PINK1(sPINK1)and pUb increased in the neurons of aged mouse brain,and in the cells upon the administration of MG132,a proteasome inhibitor.The elevation of sPINK1 and pUb was accompanied by protein aggregation upon aging or the proteasomal inhibition.The pink1 knockout alleviated proteasomal inhibition induced protein aggregation and association of ubiquitinated proteins with proteasome.The over-expression of sPINK1 increased pUb level in hippocampal neuron,which chronically induced protein aggregation,mitochondrial damage and damage the structure of neuronal spines.Such neuronal injury lead to cognitive impairment of mice.The roles of sPINK1 was reversed by co-expression with Ub/S65A,and was mimic by over-expression with Ub/S65E.CONCLUSION The phosphorylation of ubiquitin aggravates UPS degrada-tion,and accelerates neuronal degeneration upon the decline of proteasomal degradation in aging and age-related neuronal diseases.
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Objective:To explore whether a longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) model is more conducive to medical students' post competency and satisfaction with clerkships compared with the traditional block rotation clerkship.Methods:We selected 72 students who participated in graduating clerkships at The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from June 2018 to June 2019. They were equally divided into experimental group and control group to adopt LIC and traditional block rotation clerkship models, respectively. After completing the clerkships, the two groups were evaluated for post competency through objective testing of theoretical medical knowledge and basic clinical skills and rating of the other five competence items by the students themselves and their teachers. At the same time, a questionnaire was delivered to both groups for the degree of satisfaction with clerkships. The t-test and chi-squared test were performed using SPSS 23.0. Results:The objective tests and students' self-evaluation showed that the experimental group had significantly higher scores of theoretical medical knowledge [(8.02±1.11) vs. (7.50±0.97)], basic clinical skills [(7.63±0.90) vs. (6.93±0.73)], medical professional responsibility [(7.74±0.56) vs. (7.31±0.78)], clinical communication [(8.10±1.06) vs. (7.22±0.60)], team work [(7.84±0.62) vs. (7.11±0.69)], literature searching [(6.25±0.60) vs. (4.78±0.84)], and scientific research ability [(4.26±0.88) vs. (2.46±1.20)] compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The experimental group had significantly higher teacher-rated scores of medical professional responsibility [(8.03±0.74) vs. (6.59±0.70)], clinical communication [(7.95±0.73) vs. (6.87±0.67)], team work [(7.96±0.75) vs. (6.95±0.69)], literature searching [(4.84±0.84) vs. (3.30±0.69)], and scientific research ability [(4.53±1.03) vs. (2.70±1.05)] than the control group (all P<0.01). The scores of satisfaction were all higher in the experimental group than in the control group in terms of course arrangement satisfaction [(7.17±0.91) vs. 6.56±0.84)], teacher-student interaction satisfaction [(7.08±0.69) vs. (6.28±0.82)], self-improvement satisfaction [(7.28±0.45) vs. (6.36±0.49)], and clinical work smoothness [(7.72±0.82) vs. (6.81±0.71); all P<0.01]. Conclusion:Compared with the traditional block rotation model, the LIC model is more helpful for improving the post competency of medical students. LIC is a new clinical clerkship model that can potentially replace the traditional block rotation clerkship.
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Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of treating advanced esophageal cancer by implanting the common stent and the radioactive 125I particle stent with endoscope. Methods:The clinical data of patients with advanced esophageal cancer admitted to Jingbian County People's Hospital of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of Air Force Medical University and the First Hospital of Yulin of Shaanxi Province from December 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into common stent group ( n=66) and radioactive particle stent group ( n=34) according to different stent types. The postoperative complications, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score, dysphagia score, restenosis rate and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results:The incidences of postoperative retrosternal pain in the common stent group and the radioactive particle stent group were 65.2% (43/66) and 47.1% (16/34) respectively. The incidences of pharyngeal pain and hoarseness were 12.1% (8/66) and 5.9% (2/34) . The incidences of abdominal pain were 9.1% (6/66) and 2.9% (1/34) . The incidences of errhysis were 3.0% (2/66) and 2.9% (1/34) . The incidences of vomiting and nausea were 7.6% (5/66) and 5.9% (2/34) respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=3.04, P=0.081; χ2=0.40, P=0.527; χ2=0.53, P=0.467; χ2<0.01, P>0.999; χ2<0.01, P>0.999) . In the two groups, KPS scores in the first, second, third and sixth month after operation were higher than those before operation (all P<0.05) . KPS scores of the radioactive particle stent group in the second, third and sixth month were significantly higher than those of the common stent group [ (89.73±7.84) points vs. (82.37±7.42) points, t=4.62, P<0.001; (93.63±8.13) points vs. (88.33±7.28) points, t=3.74, P<0.001; (92.78±6.26) points vs. (87.28±8.73) points, t=3.77, P<0.001]. The dysphagia scores of patients in the two groups in the first, second, third and sixth month were lower than those before operation (all P<0.05) . The dysphagia scores of the radioactive particle stent group in the third and sixth month after operation were significantly lower than those of the common stent group [ (0.68±0.12) points vs. (2.33±0.32) points, t=26.20, P<0.001; (0.82±0.22) points vs. (2.67±0.24) points, t=36.92, P<0.001]. In the third month after operation, the restenosis rate of the radioactive particle stent group was significantly lower than that of the common stent group [5.88% (2/34) vs. 42.4% (28/66) , χ2 =14.27, P<0.001]. The scores of QLQ-C30 and OES-18 scales in the first, second, third and sixth month after operation were lower than those before operation (all P<0.05) . The scores of QLQ-30 scale in the radioactive particle stent group in the second, third and sixth month were significantly lower than those in the common stent group [ (19.12±3.02) points vs. (21.22±2.87) points, t=3.39, P=0.001; (15.04±1.68) points vs. (20.43±2.23) points, t=12.39, P<0.001; (14.38±2.18) points vs. (19.77±3.67) points, t=9.20, P<0.001]. The scores of OES-18 scale in the radioactive particle stent group were also significantly lower than those in the common stent group [ (17.13±2.07) points vs. (20.64±2.11) points, t=7.95, P<0.001; (15.22±1.88) points vs. (19.24±1.76) points, t=10.62, P<0.001; (14.74±2.36) points vs. (18.53±3.27) points, t=6.01, P<0.001]. Conclusion:The radioactive particle stent can improve the quality of life of patients with advanced esophageal cancer with esophageal stenosis, so as to improve dysphagia and reduce the restenosis rate after operation. However, whether it is obviously superior to common stent in prolonging survival time and reducing complications needs to be further confirmed by a multicenter, prospective, large-sample randomized controlled study.
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Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hypertension among adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to provide clues for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors on hypertension. Methods: A total of 69 220 (34 610 pairs) of twins aged 18 and above with hypertension information were selected from CNTR registered from 2010 to 2018. Random effect models were used to describe the population and regional distribution of hypertension in twins. To estimate the heritability, the concordance rates of hypertension were calculated and compared between monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). Results: The age of all participants was (34.1±12.4) years. The overall self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 3.8%(2 610/69 220). Twin pairs who were older, living in urban areas, married, overweight or obese, current smokers or ex-smokers, and current drinkers or abstainers had a higher self-reported prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Analysis within the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordance rate of hypertension was 43.2% in MZ and 27.0% in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The heritability of hypertension was 22.1% (95%CI: 16.3%- 28.0%). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hypertension in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. The heritability of hypertension was higher in female participants. Conclusions: There were differences in the distribution of hypertension among twins with different demographic and regional characteristics. It is indicated that genetic factors play a crucial role in hypertension in different genders, ages, and regions, while the magnitude of genetic effects may vary.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking , Diseases in Twins/genetics , Hypertension/genetics , Twins, Dizygotic/genetics , Twins, Monozygotic/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective: To understand the depression status and its influencing factors in elderly patients with MS in China and to explore the correlation between various components of elderly MS and depression. Methods: This study is based on the "Prevention and Intervention of Key Diseases in Elderly" project. We used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to complete 16 199 elderly aged 60 years and above in 16 counties (districts) in Liaoning, Henan, and Guangdong Provinces in 2019, excluding 1 001 missing variables. Finally, 15 198 valid samples were included for analysis. The respondents' MS disease was obtained through questionnaires and physical examinations, and the respondents' depression status within the past half month was assessed using the PHQ-9 Depression Screening Scale. The correlation between elderly MS and its components and depression and its influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: A total of 15 198 elderly aged 60 years and above were included in this study, with the prevalence of MS at 10.84% and the detection rate of depressive symptoms in MS patients at 25.49%. The detection rates of depressive symptoms in patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 MS abnormal group scores were 14.56%, 15.17%, 18.01%, 25.21%, and 26.65%, respectively. The number of abnormal components of MS was positively correlated with the detection rate of depressive symptoms, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The risk of depression symptoms in patients with MS, overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was 1.73 times (OR=1.73, 95%CI:1.51-1.97), 1.13 times (OR=1.13, 95%CI:1.03-1.24), 1.25 times (OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.14-1.38), 1.41 times (OR=1.41, 95%CI:1.24-1.60), 1.81 times (OR=1.81,95%CI:1.61-2.04), respectively, more than those without the disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with sleep disorders was higher than that with normal sleep (OR=4.89, 95%CI: 3.79-6.32). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with cognitive dysfunction was 2.12 times higher than that in the average population (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.56-2.89). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was 2.31 times (OR=2.31, 95%CI: 1.64-3.26) higher than that in the average population. Tea drinking (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.54-0.98) and physical exercise (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.49-0.90) seemed to be protective factors for depression in elderly MS patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: Older patients with MS and its component abnormalities have a higher risk of depression than the average population. Sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, and IADL impairment are important influencing factors for depression in elderly MS patients, while tea drinking and physical exercise may help to reduce the risk of the disease.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Tea , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Cannabinoid receptors are one of the most expressed G protein-coupled receptors in the central nervous system, which are potential drug targets for inflammation, pain and drug abuse. Cannabinoid receptors are composed of type 1 receptor (CB1R), type 2 receptor (CB2R) and other receptors, of which CB1R plays a vital role in regulating central memory, cognition, and motor function. Therefore, screening CB1R agonists has potential value in treating nervous system diseases. In this study, the intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) domain of CB1R was replaced with a circular-permutated enhanced green fluorescent protein (cpEGFP). After infecting HEK 293T cells with lentivirus particles, we obtained a stable cell line that was overexpressed human CB1R-cpEGFP after puromycin selection. The interaction between receptor agonists and CB1R led to the change of receptor conformation, resulting in de-protonation of the EGFP, and enhancing the fluorescence intensity. Therefore, active CB1R compounds could be verified by measuring the fluorescence intensity. Using CB1R agonist arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA) as a positive control to evaluate the reliability of this model, studies have shown that ACEA could induce receptor activation and increase fluorescence intensity, while antagonist rimonabant inhibited receptor activation with unchanged fluorescence intensity. In conclusion, this study successfully constructed a fluorescent probe screening model for CB1R agonists.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and 23 diseases, categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors (Chinese population), Exposure (SHS), Outcomes (Disease or Death), and Study design (Case-control or Cohort).@*RESULTS@#In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79 (1.56-2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92 (1.42-2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57 (1.40-1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52 (1.12-2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37 (1.08-1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92 (1.29-2.85), with a value of 2.29 (1.26-4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76 (1.13-2.74), with a value of 1.82 (1.07-3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household; For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Asthma/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms , East Asian People , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , ChinaABSTRACT
Studies have investigated the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use on the incidence and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the results have been inconsistent. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2022; 13 studies covering 84 003 prostate cancer (PCa) patients with or without ADT met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. We calculated the pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to explore the association between ADT use and the infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and severity of COVID-19. After synthesizing the evidence, the pooled RR in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group was equal to 1.17, and the SARS-CoV-2 positive risk in PCa patients using ADT was not significantly different from that in those not using ADT (P = 0.544). Moreover, no significant results concerning the beneficial effect of ADT on the rate of intensive care unit admission (RR = 1.04, P = 0.872) or death risk (RR = 1.23, P = 0.53) were found. However, PCa patients with a history of ADT use had a markedly higher COVID-19 hospitalization rate (RR = 1.31, P = 0.015) than those with no history of ADT use. These findings indicate that ADT use by PCa patients is associated with a high risk of hospitalization during infection with SARS-CoV-2. A large number of high quality studies are needed to confirm these results.