Interpretation of the 2022 edition guidelines for hepatolenticular degeneration diagnosis and treatment / 中华肝脏病杂志

In order to help liver disease-related clinicians make rational decisions, the Inherited and Metabolic Liver Disease Cooperative Group of Hepatology Branch of Chinese Medical Association released the 2022 edition guidelines for hepatolenticular degeneration diagnosis and treatment. This article introduces the ten highlights of this guideline from the aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and so forth, with practicality and operability as prominent features.

Recent progress of targeted small molecular CDK9 degraders based on PROTAC technology / 药学学报

CDKs proteins are a kind of cell cycle protein-dependent kinases, which serve as important roles in controlling cell division and transcriptional stages. Among them, CDK9, as a key regulator responsible for the transcriptional elongation of cells, drives the development of various malignant cells and is considered as an important target in the field of anti-tumor drug development. However, the CDK family proteins feature high conservativeness and similarity in structure, leading to the poor selectivity and severe side effects for traditional small-molecular CDK9 inhibitors, which has limited their clinical applications. In view of this, there is an urgent need to investigate CDK9 targets through a novel strategy. The PROTAC is an emerging drug discovery strategy that the degrader could specifically recognize the target protein through indirect linkage with ubiquitin ligases and ultimately eliminate the target protein through the ubiquitination degradation system. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure and function of CDK9 protein, its relationship with the poor prognosis of clinical diseases, as well as the currently reported small molecular inhibitors. The latest research progress on the targeted degradation of CDK9 protein based on PROTAC technology is highlighted. Finally, the development prospects of this target protein in this novel technology field are summarized and prospected, aiming to provide a reference for the development of antitumor drugs in this direction.

Analysis of clinical trials of dermatological drugs in China, 2020 / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To deliver understanding of the latest research progress on clinical trials and approval of dermatological drugs in China in 2020.Methods:A registration and information disclosure platform for drug clinical studies and a query system for domestic and imported drugs in the National Medical Products Administration of China were searched for registered clinical trials and approved dermatological drugs, respectively. The number and stages of clinical trials, indications and classification of involved products, and listed dermatological drugs in 2020 were summarized and depicted.Results:There were 157 dermatological drug trials registered in China in 2020, accounting for 6.16% of all the 2 548 clinical drug trials, including 127 (80.9%) initiated by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises and 25 (15.9%) international multicenter trials. Among the 127 drug trials initiated by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises, bioequivalence trials were mostly common, accounting for 55.9% (71/127) . Compared with global pharmaceutical enterprises, domestic pharmaceutical companies initiated significantly decreased proportions of international multicenter trials (1.9% [3/157] vs. 14.0% [22/157], P < 0.001) , but significantly increased proportions of phaseⅠclinical trials and bioequivalence trials (24.4% [31/127] vs. 10.0% [3/30], 55.9% [71/127] vs. 0, respectively, both P < 0.001) . Totally, 90 kinds of dermatological drug were involved in all the trials, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and melanoma were the most common indications, and innovative drugs accounted for 53.3% (48/90) ; the proportion of innovative drugs was significantly lower in domestic pharmaceutical companies than in global pharmaceutical companies (43.2% [32/74] vs. 16/16, P < 0.001) . In addition, 28 dermatological drugs developed by 22 pharmaceutical companies were approved in China in 2020, of which 21 drugs were developed by domestic pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion:Clinical drug trials carried out by domestic pharmaceutical companies mostly focus on generic drugs, and it is still necessary for domestic pharmaceutical companies to further improve the innovation ability.

Pure arterial malformation with associated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Two case reports and literature review / 中南大学学报(医学版)

In recent years, in the absence of venous component, dilated, overlapping, and tortuous arteries forming a mass of arterial loops with a coil-like appearance have been defined as pure arterial malformation (PAM). It is extremely rare, and its etiology and treatment have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we reported 2 cases of PAM with associated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in this paper. Both patients had severe headache as the first symptom. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found by CT and computed tomography angiography (CTA) and PAM with associated aneurysm was found by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In view of the distribution of blood and the location of aneurysms, the aneurysm rupture was the most likely to be considered. Based on the involvement of the lesion in the distal blood supply, only the aneurysm was clamped during the operation. It used to be consider that PAM is safety, because of the presentation and natural history of previously reported cases. Through the cases we reported, we have doubted about "the benign natural history" and discussed its treatment. PAM can promote the formation of aneurysms and should be reviewed regularly. The surgical indications for PAM patients with aneurysm formation need to be further clarified. Management of PAM patients with ruptured aneurysm is the same as that of ruptured aneurysm. Whether there are indications needed to treat simple arterial malformations remains to be further elucidated with the multicenter, randomized controlled studies on this disease.

A multicenter retrospective study on survival rate and complications of very preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the survival rate and the incidence of complications of very preterm infants and the factors influencing the survival rate and the incidence of complications.@*METHODS@#The medical data of the very preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology in 11 hospitals of Jiangsu Province in China from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Their survival rate and the incidence of serious complications were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for death and serious complications in very preterm infants.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 339 very preterm infants were enrolled, among whom 2 010 (85.93%) survived and 1 507 (64.43%) survived without serious complications. The groups with a gestational age of 22-25@*CONCLUSIONS@#The survival rate is closely associated with gestational age in very preterm infants. A low 1-minute Apgar score (≤3) may increase the risk of death in very preterm infants, while high gestational age, high birth weight, and prenatal use of glucocorticoids are associated with the reduced risk of death. A low 5-minute Apgar score (≤3) and maternal chorioamnionitis may increase the risk of serious complications in these infants, while high gestational age and high birth weight may reduce the risk of serious complications.

Effect of "Hedyotis Diffusae Herba-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma" in treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

To explore the mechanism of Hedyotis Diffusae Herba-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma(HDH-SGR) in treating lung adenocarcinoma based on big data bioinformatics combined with network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking technology. The chemical components and potential therapeutic targets of HDH-SGR were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). Lung adenocarcinoma-related genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA), Therapeutic Target Database(TTD), Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base(PharmGKB), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM), DrugBank, and GeneCards. "Drug component-target" network was constructed using Cytoscape to screen out key compounds. STRING was used to build protein-protein interaction(PPI) network and core targets were screened out by Cytoscape-CytoNCA topology analysis. Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analyses of target genes were performed by R-clusterProfiler. Finally, key compounds were docked to core target genes using AutoDock. The results showed that 22 active compounds and 499 potential therapeutic targets were obtained from HDH-SGR. A total of 14 332 lung adenocarcinoma-related targets were screened out through six data platforms, including 182 common targets. Fifteen core targets were screened out from the PPI network. GO and KEGG analyses revealed significant enrichment of relevant target genes in various biological processes, cellular functions(e.g., response to lipopolysaccharide, nuclear receptor activity, and ligand-activated transcription factor activity) and close relationship between target genes and non-small cell lung cancer signaling pathways. Based on the results of molecular docking validation, diosgenin, quercetin, naringenin, taxifolin, 2-methoxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were able to bind tightly to the core targets. HDH-SGR can intervene in lung adenocarcinoma through multiple targets and signaling pathways, such as non-small cell lung cancer signaling pathways. The binding of active components in Chinese medicine to key targets is presumedly one of the mechanisms that produce therapeutic effects.

Analysis of Underlying Targets and Mechanism of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix Treatment in Lung Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To analyze the potential targets and mechanism of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix treatment in lung cancer based on network pharmacology. Method::The Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix ingredients and target genes were screened by the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). Lung cancer-related target genes were obtained from the human gene database (GeneCards). Cytoscape was used for constructing a " drug-ingredient-target-disease" network. Protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) data was downloaded from STRING and then PPI core genes was constructed by CentiScape. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of key target genes was performed using R software. Result::A total of 17 Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and 16 Astragali Radix ingredients were screened. 50 target genes of Astragali Radix and 95 target genes of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of lung cancer were obtained. A " drug-ingredient-target-disease" network was constructed. 38 PPI core genes were screened using CentiScape. GO function enrichment showed that biological functions of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix were concentrated in nuclear receptor function, transcription-related function, ubiquitination and apoptosis. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix treatment in lung cancer were mainly involved in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other pathways. Conclusion::By constructing a " drug-ingredient-target-disease" network, the mechanism of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix treatment in lung cancer was discussed from the perspective of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which provides reference for further research.

Molecular Mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus for Gastric Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To identify the main active components of Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus for the treatment of gastric cancer, predict the targets of the common active components in these two herbs, establish the network of active drug components-target genes, and further explore the potential mechanism and effect of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus for the treatment of gastric cancer. Method::The active components of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), gastric cancer targets were predicted and screened by Genecard database platform, " drug-active ingredient-disease-targets" networks were built by Cytoscape (3.7.1) software, and protein interaction networks were built by String database platform. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed by using Bioconductor platform and R language. Result::The 14 potential active components of Coptidis Rhizoma and 15 potential active components of Euodiae Fructus were obtained, involving 127 targets related to gastric cancer. There were 33 common targets for Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus-gastric cancer, which played a therapeutic role in gastric cancer mainly by regulating target genes such as PTGS2, PTGS1, AR, RXRA and NOS2, as well as cell apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway and interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway. Conclusion::The therapeutic mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus reflects the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines and provides the scientific basis for further study and the material basis of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus against gastric cancer.

Preliminary application of CPC/PMMA composite bone cement in kyphoplasty for the elderly / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#From the perspective of clinical application to analyze the effectiveness and reliability of CPC/PMMA bone cement in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 62 patients with osteoporotic compression fracture of single-vertebral thoracic or lumbar segment who underwent PKP surgery and had a bone density less than or equal to -3.0 SD from February 2016 to December 2016. Among them, 23 patients were in CPC/PMMA group, with an average age of (77.6±2.2) years old, 39 patients in PMMA group, with an average age of (77.1±1.1) years old. The indexes between two groups were compared, including the visual analogue scale (VAS), height ratio of anterior vertebra (AVHR), local Cobb angle, cement leakage, new adjacent vertebral fracture(NAVF).@*RESULTS@#There were no significant difference in gender, age, follow-up time and preoperative VAS, AVHR, local Cobb angle between two groups (>0.05), at the 1 day after operation, VAS, AVHR, local Cobb angle in all patients got obvious improvement (0.05). At the same time, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of new adjacent vertebral fracture and cement leakage (>0.05). The pain in both groups continued to improve at follow up after operation (<0.05), the local Cobb angle increased (<0.05) and AVHR decreased slightly (<0.05). However, the images of conventional methods (X-ray or CT) could not find signs about CPC degeneration and new bone ingrowth.@*CONCLUSION@#CPC/PMMA composite bone cement is safe and reliablein PKP for treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, which can effectively relieve pain and maintain vertebral body stability. It has the same curative effect as PMMA bone cement. It was worthy to research more in future, although no direct evidences support the CPC/PMMA composite bone cement can reduce the incidence of adjacent vertebral fracture, CPC degeneration or new bone ingrowth.

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in postoperative rehabilitation of osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures with percutaneous vertebroplasty or percutaneous kyphoplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study effects of postoperative regular training of core muscle strength guided by the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar vertebral compression fracture after vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty(PKP).@*METHODS@#Ninety-four elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures who underwent PKP or PVP from January 2016 to January 2018 and met inclusion criteria were divided into observation group and control group. All the patients were treated with routine anti osteoporosis therapy after operation. There were 47 patients in the observationgroup, including 18 males and 29 females, with an average age of (62.62±3.21) years old;in the control group, there were 47 cases, including 17 males and 30 females, with an average age of (62.38±2.84) years old. The patients in the control group were trained by traditional way, and the patients in observation group were instructed to conduct regular training of core muscle strength according to ERAS concept. The patients were followed up for 1, 3 and 6 months after operation. Patients' conditions were quantitatively evaluated according to Barthel scale, JOA low back pain score and Oswestry Disability Index, and the differences in treatment effects between two groups were statistically analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up, and the Barthel scale, JOA low back pain score and Oswestry Disability Index score of the observation group were all better than those of the control group on the 1st and the 3rd months after surgery(@*CONCLUSION@#Early regular core strength training has a positive effect on early functional recovery and improvement of life ability after PKP or PVP for elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures, which is in line with the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery.

Clinical comparative study of short-segment and long-segment fixation for single-segment thoracic and lumbar spine III stage Kümmell disease / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#By comparing the clinical efficacy of short-segment and long-segment fixation for single-segment thoracic and lumbar spine III stage Kümmell disease to explore a more suitable fixed segment for the disease.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 46 patients with single-segment thoracic and lumbar spine III stage Kümmell disease treated from July 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-six patients were divided into short-segment fixation group(one vertebra above and below the diseased vertebra) and long-segment fixation group(two vertebrae on the upper and lower of the diseased vertebra) according to different methods of cement stick fixation. There were 25 patients in the short-segment fixation group, including 9 males and 16 females, with an average age of (75.3±4.5) years old, lumbar spine bone mineral density T-value of (-3.1±0.3) g/cm³, follow-up time of (13.0±2.3) months; there were 21 patients in long-segment fixation group, 6 males and 15 females, with an average age of (74.5±3.9) years old, lumbar spine bone mineral density T-value of (-3.2±0.3) g/cm³, follow-up time of (14.7±3.6) months.The gender, age, follow-up time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, cement leakage, and the rate of adjacent vertebrae fractures were compared between two groups, as well as pain VAS score, ODI, and kyphosis angle before and after surgery.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in age, gender, bone density, pain VAS score, ODI, and kyphosis between two groups before surgery. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss of short-segment fixation group were less than that of long-segment fixation group. The pain VAS score, ODI and kyphosis of the two groups were significantly improved at 7 days after the operation and at the latest follow-up, there was no significant difference between two groups. There were no significant differences in bone cement leakage(9/25 vs 11/21) and adjacent vertebrae fractures(4/25 vs 3/21).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both long-segment fixation and short-segment fixation can effectively relieve pain, correct kyphosis, improve functional index, and achieve better clinical results, but short-segment fixation has less operation time and less intraoperative blood. So single-segment thoracic and lumbar spine III stage Kümmell disease does not need to extend the fixed segment, short-segment fixation is more in line with clinical needs and worthy of further study.

Association between Chinese Medicine Therapy and Survival Outcomes in Postoperative Patients with NSCLC: A Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the association between Chinese medicine (CM) therapy and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes in postoperative patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).@*METHODS@#This multiple-center prospective cohort study was conducted in 13 medical centers in China. Patients with stage I, II, or IIIA NSCLC who had undergone radical resection and received conventional postoperative treatment according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines were recruited. The recruited patients were divided into a CM treatment group and a control group according to their wishes. Patients in the CM treatment group received continuous CM therapy for more than 6 months or until disease progression. Patients in the control group received CM therapy for less than 1 month. Follow-up was conducted over 3 years. The primary outcome was DFS, with recurrence/metastasis rates as a secondary outcome.@*RESULTS@#Between May 2013 and August 2016, 503 patients were enrolled into the cohort; 266 were classified in the CM treatment group and 237 in the control group. Adjusting for covariates, high exposure to CM was associated with better DFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.417, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.307-0.567)]. A longer duration of CM therapy (6-12 months, 12-18 months, >24 months) was associated with lower recurrence and metastasis rates (HR = 0.225, 0.119 and 0.083, respectively). In a subgroup exploratory analysis, CM therapy was also a protective factor of cancer recurrence and metastasis in both stage I-IIIA (HR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.37-0.67) and stage IIIA NSCLC postoperative patients (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33-0.71), DFS was even longer among CM treatment group patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Longer duration of CM therapy could be considered a protective factor of cancer recurrence and metastasis. CM treatment is associated with improving survival outcomes of postoperative NSCLC patients in China. (Registration No. ChiCTR-OOC-14005398).

Effect and molecular mechanism of serum exosomes of diabetic mice on regulating H9C2 myocardial cell injury / 解放军医学杂志

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of exosome in cultured in vitro H9C2 myocardial cells injury of diabetic mice and its mechanism. Methods The mouse model of diabetic myocardial injury was established by using db/db mice (n=10) and their mate mice db/+ (n=5). Serum exosomes were isolated and quantitated using the exosome isolation reagent and EXOCET Quantitation kit. The serum exosomes were labeled with PKH26 (red fluorescent cell linker) to detect the endocytosis in H9C2 cells. The expressions of exocrine associated protein and inflammatory cytokines in H9C2 cells with or without exosome stimulation were detected by Western blotting. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis. A neutralizing antibody of Rab1a was used for blocking experiment. Results Db/db mice produced more exosomes than db/+ mice (30.95×109/ml vs. 10.45×109/ml, P<0.01). Moreover, H9C2 cells cultured in vitro could swallow more serum-exosomes derived from db/db mice. Meanwhile, serum exosome from db/ db mice, as used to interfere H9C2 cells, significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as 6.2 folds to IL-6 and 2.6 folds to IL-1β (P<0.01). Furthermore, the apoptosis in H9C2 cells increased compared to those from db/+ mice. Mechanism studies announced that the increased expression of Rab1a in exosomes-derived from db/db mice, and blocking the expression of Rab1a in exocrine of db/db mice with Rab1a neutralizing antibody could significantly inhibit the endocytosis and apoptosis of H9C2 cells. Conclusions Serum exosomes isolated from db/db mice may trigger inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro, which may be involved in the evolution of diabetic myocardial injury. Inhibition of exosome secretion or intervention of its regulatory molecules may become a new research target for the treatment of diabetic myocardial injury.

Prescription Regularity of Chinese Herbs on Treating Cancer-related Fatigue in 1999 - 2017 / 医药导报

Objective To analyze the prescription regularity of Chinese herbs in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue by TCM inheritance platform system software. Methods A total of documents on treating cancer-related fatigue by Chinese herbs were collected in CNKI database, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM database from 1999 to 2017. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the eligible prescriptions were selected to establish the database for summing up and analysing prescription regularity. Results A total of 33 articles were included in the analysis of 38 prescriptions, involving 108 kinds of Chinese herbs, of which the most common kinds were hot nature herb, sweetish taste, spleen meridian. Atractylodes, Poria, Licorice, Astragalus, Angelica, Tangerine peel, Codonopsis,Rehmannia had a high frequency of usage. It eventually formed 45 commonly used drug models, evolved into 16 core combinations of 3 to 4 herbs, and clustered into 5 new prescriptions. Conclusion The modern Chinese medicine in treatment of cancer-related fatigue is mainly focused on the spleen and kidney, what' s more, according to the unique nature of cancer treatment, more experts emphasize on the regulation of spleen and stomach function, which provides a useful reference for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.

Laparoscopic hepatectomy for the treatment of Caroli's disease: a case report

Caroli disease is a rare congenital disorder characterized by nonobstructive dilatation of intrahepatic ducts. In cases with symptomatic intrahepatic manifestations, treatment should correspond to the type with hepatic resection for localized disease and transplantation for diffuse forms. If possible, complete resection of the cysts can cure the symptoms and avoid the risk of malignancy. A 66-year-old woman presented to Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital with recurrent intermittent upper quadrant abdominal pain. Further examinations suggested the diagnosis of Caroli disease limited to the left hepatic lobe. She underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Caroli disease, and no malignancy was found. There were no immediate complications and no long-term complications after one and one-half years of follow-up. Laparoscopic hepatectomy could be a feasible, safe treatment option for localized Caroli disease.

Simultaneous determination of six constituents in different kinds of Atractylodes rhizome by GC / 中成药

AIM To establish a GC method for the simultaneous determination of β-eudesmol,atractylon,atractylodin,atractylolide Ⅰ,atractylaxanthin Ⅱ and (4E,6E,12E)-tetradecene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diacetate in Atractylodes rhizome,and cluster analysis of A.rhizome according to the content level.METHODS The analysis of A.rhizome solution was performed on an HP-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm,0.25 μm) with FID as the detector,the initial temperature 100 ℃,with 10 ℃/min to 135 ℃;with 1 ℃/min to 150 ℃;with 50 ℃/min to 200 ℃ (keeping 6 minutes),and with 50 ℃/min to 250 ℃ (keeping 8 minutes).The FID detector temperature was 300 ℃ and the injector temperature was 250 ℃,with the flow rate carrier gas 1.4 L/min;The tail gas was N2 (99.999％),with the ratio of carrier gas Air ∶ H2 ∶ N2 =400 ∶ 30 ∶ 25;The sample volume was 1 μL,and the split ratio was 20 ∶ 1.The results were analyzed by cluster analysis with SPSS 21.0 statistical software.RESULTS Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 6),whose average recoveries were 99.46％-100.95％ with the RSDs of 0.09-0.41.A.rhizome was divided into three categories.CONCLUSION This accurate,stable and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of A.rhizome.

Effects of Alcohol Extracts of Bark and Male Flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. on Airway Allergic Inflammation of Model Mice / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of alcohol extract of bark and male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. on airway allergic inflammation induced by chicken ovalbumin (OVA) in mice; To explore its mechanism of action. Methods On day 0, day 7, mice were intraperitoneally injected OVA for sensitization, followed by nasal stimulation for 21 days to establish airway allergic inflammation mice models. The mice were divided into normal group, model group, alcohol extract of bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. group, alcohol extract of male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.group,and Dexamethasone group.Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage. The lung tissue was embedded in HE and PAS dyeing, to observe the pathological changes of bronchus and surrounding lung. The levels of serum OVA-IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-13 were measured by ELISA. The expression of ICAM-1, VEGF, MMP9 and TIMP1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Th17 cells in peripheral blood. The expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in lung tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Results The model group showed changes of airway allergic inflammatory such as eosinophils and other inflammatory cell infiltration, bronchial spasm, and mucus secretion. Lung histopathology in alcohol extract of bark and male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.groups was improved significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group, the levels of serum OVA-IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 increased in model group, while the level of IFN-γ decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The expressions of ICAM-1, VEGF and MMP9 increased, while the expression of TIMP1 decreased (P<0.01); peripheral blood IL-17+cells increased (P<0.01); the expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA increased. Compared with the model group, the levels of serum OVA-IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 decreased in alcohol extract of bark and male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. groups (P<0.05, P<0.01); the expressions of ICAM-1 and VEGF decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the expression of TIMP1 increased. Alcohol extract of bark and male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.could down-regulate IL-17+cells,reduce the expression of IL-6 mRNA(P<0.05,P<0.01). Alcohol extract of bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. group could induce the secretion of IFN-γ (P<0.01), and down-regulate the expression of TNF-α mRNA(P<0.05).Alcohol extract of male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. group could significantly down-regulate the expression of MMP9 (P<0.05). Conclusion Alcohol extract of bark and male flower of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.can induce the production of OVA-IgE,inhibit secretion of Th2 cytokines, inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules, depress Th17 cells, so as to inhibit the airway allergic inflammation.

Comparative assessment of two detergents for deceIIuIarized Iung scaffoIds / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: It is quite difficult to produce a decellularized lung scaffold, in which cells are removed and the extracellular matrix components (ECM) are preserved effectively. Perfusion of detergent-enzymes is an effective method with wide applications for decellularized lung scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of two detergents (sodium deoxycholate, SDC and sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) on the preparation of decellularized lung scaffolds. METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: control group with no intervention, SDC group and SDS group. Decellularized lung scaffolds were prepared by perfusion of SDC or SDS combined with enzymes. The rat lung tissues in the three groups were taken for histological staining, immunofluorescent staining and DNA quantification. A549 cells were cultured and seeded onto the decellularized lung scaffolds for 7 days followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The decellularized lung scaffolds prepared by perfusion of SDC or SDS were subcutaneously implanted into the rat back, and the implants were retrieved and assessed by Masson staining after 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the control group, there were abundant cells in the lung tissues. In the other two groups, the decellularized lung scaffolds were nearly transparent, and the morphology of the SDC scaffold was more close to the native lung. There were no residual cells and nuclei on the two scaffolds, and the DNA content in the SDS and SDC groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜ 0.01). At 7 days of culture, A549 cells cultured on the SDS and SDC scaffolds migrated from the edge to the center of the scaffold. Comparatively speaking, the migration ability of A549 cells on the SDC scaffolds was stronger, and there was obvious cell invasion and growth in the middle part of the lung. After 2 weeks of scaffold transplantation, the SDC implants poorly fused with the surrounding tissues, with a clear boundary, a large number of infiltrating cells distributed evenly, and intravascular blood cells were clearly visible; the number of new blood vessels with larger diameter in the SDC scaffold was significantly higher than that in the SDS scaffold. These findings indicate that the SDC scaffold has better biocompatibility than the SDS scaffold, which can fuse with the surrounding tissues faster and produce more infiltrating cells and new blood vessels.

Association of Serotonin Receptors with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood,with a high heritability about 60％ to 90％.Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Numerous studies have reported the association between the serotonin receptor family (5-HTR) gene polymorphisms and ADHD,but the results are still controversial.In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis of the association between 5-HTR1B,5-HTR2A,and 5-HTR2C genetic variants and ADHD.The results showed that the 861G allele of 5-HTR1B SNP rs6296 could significantly increase the risk of ADHD (OR=1.09,95％ CI:1.01-1.18);the 5-HTR2C gene rs518147 (OR=1.69,95％ CI:1.38-2.07) and rs3813929 (OR =1.57,95％ CI:1.25-1.97) were all associated with the risk of ADHD.In addition,we also carried on a casecontrol study to explore the relevance between potential candidate genes 5-HTR 1 A,5-HTR1E,5-HTR3A and ADHD.The results indicated that 5-HTR1A rs6295 genotype (CC+CG vs.GG OR=2.00,95％ CI:1.23-3.27) and allele (OR=1.77,95％ CI:1.16-2.72) models were statistically significantly different between case group and control group.This study is the first comprehensive exploration and summary of the association between serotonin receptor family genetic variations and ADHD,and it also provides more evidence for the etiology of ADHD.

Association of Serotonin Receptors with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood,with a high heritability about 60％ to 90％.Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Numerous studies have reported the association between the serotonin receptor family (5-HTR) gene polymorphisms and ADHD,but the results are still controversial.In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis of the association between 5-HTR1B,5-HTR2A,and 5-HTR2C genetic variants and ADHD.The results showed that the 861G allele of 5-HTR1B SNP rs6296 could significantly increase the risk of ADHD (OR=1.09,95％ CI:1.01-1.18);the 5-HTR2C gene rs518147 (OR=1.69,95％ CI:1.38-2.07) and rs3813929 (OR =1.57,95％ CI:1.25-1.97) were all associated with the risk of ADHD.In addition,we also carried on a casecontrol study to explore the relevance between potential candidate genes 5-HTR 1 A,5-HTR1E,5-HTR3A and ADHD.The results indicated that 5-HTR1A rs6295 genotype (CC+CG vs.GG OR=2.00,95％ CI:1.23-3.27) and allele (OR=1.77,95％ CI:1.16-2.72) models were statistically significantly different between case group and control group.This study is the first comprehensive exploration and summary of the association between serotonin receptor family genetic variations and ADHD,and it also provides more evidence for the etiology of ADHD.