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1.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1017732

ABSTRACT

Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a common congenital anomaly that is the leading cause of death among children under the age of five years with birth defects in both developed and developing countries. With the increasing prevalence of CHD,the importance of early diagnosis and intervention of CHD is well accepted. Prenatal ultrasonography is routinely applied for the screening of CHD but many factors influence its diagnostic accuracy. Biomarker testing is a simple and rapid method that can be used as an adjunct to prenatal screening for CHD. This review aims to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis of children with CHD by exploring the pathogenesis of biomarkers in CHD. In recent years,many studies have been devoted to the exploration of biomarkers related to CHD,and the studies on biomarkers in CHD are summarized from three aspects:epigenetics,proteomics and environmental factors.

2.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1043849

ABSTRACT

Circadian disruption is being increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the relationship between circadian disruption and PD by exploring the molecular, cellular, and behavioral aspects of this interaction. This review will include a comprehensive understanding of how the clock gene system and transcription–translation feedback loops function and how they are diminished in PD. The article also discusses the role of clock genes in the regulation of circadian rhythms, as well as the impact of clock gene dysregulation on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, including the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which have all been proposed as being crucial mechanisms in the pathophysiology of PD. Finally, this review highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting the clock gene system and circadian rhythm for the treatment of PD.

3.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 661-666, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1016609

ABSTRACT

Six compounds were isolated from the roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf using various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as (Z)-docosanylferulate (1), (E)-docosanylferulate (2), bis (2-ethylheptyl) phythalate (3), 2,2′-oxybis (1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (4), diisobutyl phthalate (5), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (6). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2-4 were first isolated from Ephedra. A corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury model was used for compound activity screening. The results showed that compounds 1 and 5 significantly improved corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury and significantly increased 5-HT7 receptor protein expression in the cells, indicating potential antidepressant activity.

4.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 673-677, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1016628

ABSTRACT

Five flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the ethanol extract of Diphylleia sinensi by using various chromatographic methods, including silica gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as diphyflavonoid A (1), diphyflavonoid B (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were two new flavonoid glycosides, and compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from the genus Diphylleia for the first time.

5.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 183-187, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1005442

ABSTRACT

Four pyrazines were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Hypecoum erectum L. by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI gel, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as hyperectpyrazin A (1), 1′S-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-ethane-1′,2′-diol (2), 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrazin (3) and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (4) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.). The absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by using the Mo2(OAc)4 induced CD analysis for the first time. Compound 1 was a new compound, compounds 2-4 were isolated from H. erectum for the first time. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their inhibition against acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide generation induced by lipopolysaccharide-RAW264.7 macrophage cells. At a concentration of 50 μmol·L-1, compounds 2 and 4 displayed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase with the inhibition rates of 44.40% and 43.99%, respectively.

6.
Singap. med. j ; Singap. med. j;: 434-438, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984205

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION@#Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the p40 subunit of both interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, and it is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of patients receiving ustekinumab for psoriasis.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study included all adults with chronic plaque psoriasis who were prescribed ustekinumab in a tertiary dermatologic centre between December 2009 and December 2015. Efficacy end points included a proportion of patients achieving at least 50% and 75% improvement from baseline psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA) at Weeks 4 and 16.@*RESULTS@#A total of 99 patients were prescribed ustekinumab; 69% of these were Chinese, followed by 15% Indians and 9% Malays. 31 patients had documented PASI scores and 55 patients had documented BSA improvements. In patients with recorded PASI scores, 29 (93.5%) of 31 patients achieved PASI 50, and 21 (67.7%) of 31 achieved PASI 75 at week 16. In patients with recorded BSA, 43 (78.2%) of 55 had at least 50% BSA improvement, and 31 (56.4%) of 55 achieved 75% BSA improvement at 16 weeks. Regarding safety, no patient experienced tuberculosis reactivation. A total of 11 (11%) of 99 patients had latent tuberculosis infection and were treated with prophylactic isoniazid. No patient experienced serious adverse events. No cardiovascular events, cutaneous malignancies or deaths were reported over six years.@*CONCLUSION@#Ustekinumab is safe and efficacious in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in a multiethnic Asian population.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Ustekinumab/therapeutic use , Singapore , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Severity of Illness Index , Double-Blind Method , Psoriasis/drug therapy
7.
Chinese Journal of Neonatology ; (6): 395-400, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-990765

ABSTRACT

Objective:To study the past 10 years' experiences of neonatal hydrocephalus in a single-center.Methods:From January 2010 to December 2019, clinical data of infants with hydrocephalus admitted to Neonatology Department of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The infants were assigned into different groups according to gestational age, different etiologies and treatments. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared.Results:A total of 223 infants with hydrocephalus were included. 136 (61.0%) infants were in the preterm group and 87 (39.0%) in the full-term group. The incidence of post-intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) hydrocephalus in preterm infants was significantly higher than full-term infants ( P<0.001). According to the etiologies, 58 infants (26.0%) had congenital hydrocephalus (congenital group), 82 cases (36.8%) developed post-ICH hydrocephalus (ICH group), 48 cases (21.5%) had post-CNS-infection hydrocephalus (infection group) and 35 cases (15.7%) had post-ICH+CNS-infection hydrocephalus (ICH+infection group). The incidences of perinatal asphyxia, neonatal resuscitation and endotracheal intubation within 3 d after birth in the ICH group were significantly higher than the other groups ( P<0.05). Among the four groups, the infection group had the highest incidence of neonatal sepsis, the congenital group had the highest incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and the ICH group had the highest incidence of respiratory diseases (all P<0.05).137 cases (61.4%) received non-surgical therapy, 48 cases (21.5%) had temporary drainage, 37 cases (16.6%) with permanent shunt and 1 case (0.4%) intracranial hematoma removal. The congenital group and ICH group with permanent shunt showed significantly higher rate of improvement than temporary drainage group and non-surgical group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The main etiologies of neonatal hydrocephalus are ICH and CNS infection. The incidence of post-ICH hydrocephalus in premature infants was quite high. Hydrocephalus of different etiologies have different comorbidities. Maternal and infant care during pregnancy and delivery, prevention of neonatal sepsis and ICH are crucial in the prevention of hydrocephalus. More studies are needed for better treatment.

8.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-991795

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with paroxetine hydrochloride on executive function in depressed adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury.Methods:The clinical data of 120 depressed adolescents with depressive disorders who were admitted to The Second Hospital of Jinhua from August 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were randomly assigned to undergo treatment either with paroxetine hydrochloride (control group, n = 60) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with paroxetine hydrochloride (observation group, n = 60). All patients were treated for 2 months. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24) score, Non-suicidal Self-injury Behavior and Function Scale for Adolescents (ANSSIQ) score, executive function, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and clinical efficacy were determined in each group. Results:After treatment, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(15.85 ± 1.08) points) vs. (18.72±1.21) points, t = 13.71, P < 0.001). After treatment, the number of self-injury attacks, number of self-injury impulsions, and the intensity of self-injury thought within 2 weeks in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 3.42, 3.03, 1.92, all P < 0.05). The scores of the Trail Making Test, Stroop Word test, Stroop Color test, and Stroop Color-Word Interference Test were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group ( t = 2.66, 3.33, 3.97, 4.64, all P < 0.01). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the observation group were (11.45 ± 1.79) μg/L and (136.68 ± 11.90) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than (9.06±2.21) μg/L and (124.82 ± 10.34) μg/L in the control group ( t = 6.51, 5.83, both P < 0.001). The total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (91.7% vs. 78.3%, Z = 2.73, P = 0.006). Conclusion:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with paroxetine hydrochloride is highly effective on depressive disorders in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury. The combined therapy can reduce symptoms, improve executive function and cognitive function, and optimize serological indicators, and thereby deserves the clinical promotion.

9.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 180-185, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-964310

ABSTRACT

Fourteen flavonoids were isolated and purified from Epimedium sagittatum by various chromatography techniques such as macroporous adsorbent resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HW-40C and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as 3′-hydroxy-baohuoside-Ⅱ (1), huazhongilexone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), baohuoside-Ⅱ (4), icariside-Ⅱ (5), kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), (+)-aromadendrin (7), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), sagittatoside A (9), 2″-O-rhamnosyl icariside-II (10), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (11), quercetin 3-O-β-D-apiofuranoyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12), kaempferol (13), icariin (14). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, while compounds 2, 6-8, 11, and 12 were isolated from E.sagittatum for the first time.

10.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 1283-1287, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-978694

ABSTRACT

Two undescribed terpene glycosides and two compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI Gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopy methods (1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.), and the absolute configuration of the compound 1 was determined by ECD calculation and acid hydrolysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are new compound, and compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus for the first time.

11.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 1288-1292, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-978700

ABSTRACT

Five compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Semen Persicae by using various chromatographic methods, including ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC and semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, circular dichroism (CD) and ECD calculation techniques: (2R,3R)-5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-3-formylflavan-3-ol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl 6″-benzoyl alcohol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9-β-O-D-glucopyranosid (3), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol (5). Compound 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-5 were obtained from Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. for the first time.

12.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 336-348, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970470

ABSTRACT

As a biocatalyst, enzyme has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, strong reaction selectivity, specific target products, mild reaction conditions, and environmental friendliness, and serves as an important tool for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. With the continuous development of gene sequencing technology, molecular biology, genetic manipulation, and other technologies, the diversity of enzymes increases steadily and the reactions that can be catalyzed are also gradually diversified. In the process of enzyme-catalyzed synthesis, the majority of common enzymatic reactions can be achieved by single enzyme catalysis, while many complex reactions often require the participation of two or more enzymes. Therefore, the combination of multiple enzymes together to construct the multi-enzyme cascade reactions has become a research hotspot in the field of biochemistry. Nowadays, the biosynthetic pathways of more natural products with complex structures have been clarified, and secondary metabolic enzymes with novel catalytic activities have been identified, discovered, and combined in enzymatic synthesis of natural/unnatural molecules with diverse structures. This study summarized a series of examples of multi-enzyme-catalyzed cascades and highlighted the application of cascade catalysis methods in the synthesis of carbohydrates, nucleosides, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and chiral molecules. Furthermore, the existing problems and solutions of multi-enzyme-catalyzed cascade method were discussed, and the future development direction was prospected.


Subject(s)
Biological Products/chemistry , Catalysis , Alkaloids , Biocatalysis
13.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 1546-1552, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970626

ABSTRACT

Ten alkaloids(1-10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fruit of Lycium chinense var. potaninii by silica gel, ODS, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and identified by NMR and MS as methyl(2S)-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(phenyl)propanoate(1), methyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(phenyl)propanoate(2), 3-hydroxy-4-ethyl ketone pyridine(3), indolyl-3-carbaldehyde(4),(R)-4-isobutyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde(5),(R)-4-isopropyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-car-baldehyde(6), methyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(7), dimethyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanedioate(8), 4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoate(9), 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid(10). All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. Among them, compounds 1-3 were new compounds. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for hypoglycemic activity in vitro with the palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. At 10 μmol·L~(-1), compounds 4, 6, 7, and 9 can promote the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells with insulin resistance.


Subject(s)
Lycium/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Insulin Resistance , Propionates , Alkaloids/pharmacology
14.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 4015-4026, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008597

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on β-amyloid protein 25-35(Aβ_(25-35))-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD) mice to provide an experimental basis for the treatment of AD by aqueous extract of Corni Fructus. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, a positive control group(huperizine A, 0.2 mg·kg~(-1)), a low-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(1.3 g·kg~(-1)), a medium-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(2.6 g·kg~(-1)), and a high-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(5.2 g·kg~(-1)). The AD model was induced by lateral ventricular injection of Aβ_(25-35) in mice except for those in the sham group, and AD model mice were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 24 days. The behavioral test was performed one week before animal dissection. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal region. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis level of primary hippocampal cells in mice. ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of β-amyloid protein 1-42(Aβ_(1-42)) and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau(p-Tau) in mouse brain tissues. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related proteins in mouse brain tissues. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of compounds in aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on Aβ_(25-35)-induced N9 cell injury. Molecular docking was employed to analyze the interactions of caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol with β-amyloid precursor protein(APP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Aqueous extract of Corni Fructus could improve the learning and memory abilities of Aβ_(25-35)-induced mice by increasing the duration of the autonomous activity, the rate of autonomous alternation, the preference coefficient, and the discrimination coefficient, and reduce Aβ_(25-35)-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice by increasing the expression levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) in brain tissues, decreasing the expression levels of Aβ_(1-42), p-Tau, IL-6, TNF-α, cysteine aspartate-specific protease 3(caspase-3), cysteine aspartate-specific protease 9(caspase-9), and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), and decreasing the number of activated glial cells in brain tissues. The results of cell experiments showed that esculetin and(+)-lyoniresinol could improve Aβ_(25-35)-induced N9 cell injury. Molecular docking results showed that caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol had good binding affinity with APP and weak binding affinity with IL-6 and TNF-α. Aqueous extract of Corni Fructus could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in Aβ_(25-35)-induced mice by reducing the number of apoptotic cells and activated glial cells in the brain and decreasing the expression level of inflammatory factors. Caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol may be the material basis for the anti-AD effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus.


Subject(s)
Mice , Male , Animals , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Cornus/metabolism , Neuroinflammatory Diseases , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Aspartic Acid , Cysteine/therapeutic use , Molecular Docking Simulation , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Brain Injuries , Peptide Hydrolases , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Transgenic
15.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 5612-5622, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008758

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the intervention effect of the aqueous extract of Epimedium sagittatum Maxim on the mouse model of bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, so as to provide data support for the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Ninety male C57BL/6N mice were randomized into normal(n=10), model(BLM, n=20), pirfenidone(PFD, 270 mg·kg~(-1), n=15), and low-, medium-, and high-dose E. sagittatum extract(1.67 g·kg~(-1), n=15; 3.33 g·kg~(-1), n=15; 6.67 g·kg~(-1), n=15) groups. The model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal instillation of BLM(5 mg·kg~(-1)) in the other five groups except the normal group, which was treated with an equal amount of normal saline. On the day following the modeling, each group was treated with the corresponding drug by gavage for 21 days. During this period, the survival rate of the mice was counted. After gavage, the lung index was calculated, and the morphology and collagen deposition of the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Masson staining, respectively. The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in lung cell suspensions were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA) the in lung tissue were measured. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling(TUNEL) was employed to examine the apoptosis of lung tissue cells. The content of interleukin-6(IL-6), chemokine C-C motif ligand 2(CCL-2), matrix metalloproteinase-8(MMP-8), transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1), alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), E-cadherin, collagen Ⅰ, and fibronectin in the lung tissue was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression levels of F4/80, Ly-6G, TGF-β1, and collagen Ⅰ in the lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of CCL-2, IL-6, and MMP-7 in the lung tissue were determined by qRT-PCR. The content of hydroxyproline(HYP) in the lung tissue was determined by alkaline hydrolysation. The expression of α-SMA and E-cadherin was detected by immunofluorescence, and the protein levels of α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot. The results showed the aqueous extract of E. sagittatum increased the survival rate, decreased the lung index, alleviated the pathological injury, collagen deposition, and oxidative stress in the lung tissue, and reduced the apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the aqueous extract of E. sagittatum down-regulated the protein levels of F4/80 and Ly-6G and the mRNA levels of CCL-2, IL-6, and MMP-7 in the lung tissue, reduced the content of IL-6, CCL-2, and MMP-8 in the alveolar lavage fluid. In addition, it lowered the levels of HYP, TGF-β1, α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, fibronectin, and vimentin, and elevated the levels of E-cadherin in the lung tissue. The aqueous extract of E. sagittatum can inhibit collagen deposition, alleviate oxidative stress, and reduce inflammatory response by regulating the expression of the molecules associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thus alleviating the symptoms of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.


Subject(s)
Mice , Male , Animals , Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Epimedium/metabolism , Fibronectins/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 7/therapeutic use , Matrix Metalloproteinase 8/therapeutic use , Vimentin/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Lung , Collagen/metabolism , Bleomycin/toxicity , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Cadherins/metabolism
16.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; (24): 1009-1016, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928020

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the effect of active components of Descurainia sophia on allergic asthma and explored the underlying mechanism. SD male rats were randomly divided into a normal group(NC), a model group(M), a D. sophia decoction group(DS), a D. sophia fatty oil group(FO), a D. sophia flavonoid glycoside group(FG), a D. sophia oligosaccharide group(Oli), and a positive drug dexamethasone group(Y). The allergic asthma model was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant(sensitization) and atomization of OVA solution(excitation). After modeling, asthma-related indicators, tracheal phenol red excretion, inflammatory cell levels in the peripheral blood, lung permeability index(LPI), and oxygenation index(OI) of rats were detected. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by HE staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the content of inflammatory factors immunoglobulin E(IgE), interleukin-4(IL-4), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and the content of endothelin-1(ET-1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) in lung tissue homogenate. The serum content of nitric oxide(NO) was detected by colorimetry. Western blot was employed to determine the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), nuclear factor κB-p65(NF-κB-p65), phosphorylated NF-κB-p65(p-NF-κB-p65), myosin light chain kinase(MLCK), vascular endothelial cadherin(VE cadherin), connexin 43, and claudin 5, and the mechanism of active components of D. sophia on allergic asthma was explored. As revealed by the results, the M group showed extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchus of the lung tissues of the allergic asthma rats, thickened bronchial wall, severely deformed alveolar structure, increased number of wheezes, the content of IgE, IL-4, ET-1, and ACE, inflammatory cells, and LPI, and reduced latency of asthma, tracheal phenol red excretion, IFN-γ, NO content, and OI. After the intervention of the active components of D. sophia, the DS, FO, FG, Oli, and Y groups showed improved asthma-related indicators, tracheal phenol red excretion, and lung tissue lesions in allergic asthma rats, and the effects in the FO and Oli groups were superior. The content of inflammatory factors in BALF was recovered in the DS, FO, and Y groups and the FG and Oli groups. The number of inflammatory cells in rats was reduced in the DS and FO groups, and the FG, Oli, and Y groups to varying degrees, and the effect in the FO group was superior. DS, FO, Oli, and Y reduced ET-1, ACE, and LPI and increased NO and OI. FG recovered NO, ET-1, ACE, LPI, and OI to improve lung epithelial damage and permeability. Further investigation of inflammation-related TLR4/NF-κB pathways, MLCK, and related skeleton protein levels showed that TLR4, NF-κB-p65, p-NF-κB-p65, and MLCK levels were increased, and VE cadherin, connexin 43, and claudin 5 were reduced in the M group. DS, FO, FG, Oli, and Y could reduce the protein expression related to the TLR4 pathway to varying degrees, and regulate the protein expression of MLCK, VE cadherin, connexin 43, and claudin 5. It is inferred that the active components of D. sophia improve lung permeability in rats with allergic asthma presumedly by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to improve airway inflammation, mediating MLCK and connexin, and regulating epithelial damage.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Inflammation/metabolism , Lung , Permeability
17.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 3608-3615, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-964325

ABSTRACT

Fifteen compounds were isolated from fruits of Cornus officinalis by various chromatographic techniques such as Toyopearl HW-40C, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, and the semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as neolignan A (1), caffeic acid (2), trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (3), esculetin (4), scopoletin (5), benzyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), tachioside (7), 6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) arbutin (8), 2-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde (9), (-)-pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), (7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), (7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), (+)-lyoniresinol (13), (+)-isolariciresinol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), and isolariciresinol-9′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15). Compound 1 was a new compound and named as neolignan A, and compounds 6-9 and 14 were isolated from Cornus officinalis for the first time. Compounds 2, 3 and 15 efficiently alleviated the PC12 cells injury induced by Aβ25-35, suggesting their potential anti-Alzheimer's disease activity.

18.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-954094

ABSTRACT

Epigenetic modification genes are defined as genes whose products modify the epigenome directly through DNA methylation, histone modification or chromatin remodeling.More and more studies have shown that mutations in epigenetic modification genes are an important etiology of rare diseases with abnormal cardiac development.And these diseases usually affect multiple organs including heart due to the change of epigenetic components.Moreover, children′s lives and health are often threatened by a lack of effective drugs and complex cardiovascular malformations.This article reviews advances in molecule genetics of Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome, Kabuki syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, CHARGE syndrome and Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome, and mainly elaborates the mechanism of cardiovascular malformations caused by mutations in corresponding epigenetic modification genes, providing more comprehensive reference for clinical diagnosis and management.

19.
Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi ; Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi;(12): 224-229, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935931

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of berberine on programmed necrosis of hepatocytes induced by metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in mice and its related molecular mechanism. Methods: Twenty male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=5 in each group): control group (S), fatty liver group (H), berberine group(B), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 inhibitor group (Nrf2), and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) group (A). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations were detected at the end of week 12 to calculate fatty liver index (liver mass/body mass ratio). Liver tissue was stained with HE, Masson and Oil Red O, and SAF score was used to evaluate the degree of liver injury. The expression levels of hepatic programmed necrosis-related proteins, namely receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), phosphorylated mixed series protease-like domain (p-MLKL) and Nrf2 were detected by Western blot method. One-way ANOVA was used for intragroup comparisons and LSD-t tests were used for intergroup comparisons. Results: Compared with S group, H group serum ALT, AST, LDH, TG, TC, TNF-α, IL-1β levels and fatty liver index were significantly increased. The liver tissue was filled with vacuolar-like changes and inflammatory cell infiltration. Numerous red lipid droplets were observed with oil red O staining. Collagen fiber hyperplasia was evident with Masson staining. SAF scores (6.60 ± 0.55 and 0.80 ± 0.45) were significantly increased. The expressions of RIPK3 and p-MLKL were up-regulated. Nrf2 level was relatively increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with H group, berberine intervention group liver biochemical indexes, lipid levels, pro-inflammatory mediator expression, fatty liver index, and SAF score were significantly reduced, and the expression of RIPK3 and p-MLKL were down-regulated, while Nrf2 levels were further increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with B group, treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor had antagonized the protective effect of berberine on fatty liver. Serum ALT, AST, LDH, TG, TC and TNF-α, IL-1β levels, fatty liver index, and SAF scores were significantly increased and the expressions of RIPK3 and p-MLKL were relatively increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Berberine can significantly improve the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease injury in mice, and its mechanism is related to activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of programmed necrosis of hepatocytes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Berberine/therapeutic use , Fatty Liver , Mice, Inbred C57BL , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , Necrosis
20.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; (12): 2364-2377, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-937032

ABSTRACT

The study aims to explore the intervention mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on asthma from the perspective of immune inflammation and intestinal flora, providing a theoretical basis for guiding clinical medication. The ovalbumin (OVA) asthmatic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of OVA sensitization solution and aerosol challenge, and divided into control (CON), model (M), dexamethasone group (DEX, 0.075 mg·kg-1) and Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction (TLDZ, 3.5 g·kg-1). Firstly, the effects of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on asthma symptoms of rats, lung and trachea pathological changes of asthmatic rats were observed by inducing cough and asthma experiment, phenol red excretion, hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), Masson and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining; the levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10 in rat serum and the levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-4, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA; the mRNA levels of IL-5, IL-13 and IL-33 in the lung were determined by qRT-PCR; the levels of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen and the levels of natural killer cell (NK), helper T cell (Thc), dendritic cell (DC), regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17) in the peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry combined with immunohistochemistry; the intestinal flora of asthmatic rats were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Pathology and inflammatory results showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could effectively alleviate the asthma symptoms in rats, improve the pathological changes of lung tissue, reduce the production of goblet cells and collagen fibers, and reduce the inflammatory response in asthmatic rats; the results of immune cells showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could effectively increase the levels of NK, Thc, DC and Treg cells and reduce the levels of macrophages, neutrophils and Th17 cells in asthmatic rats; the results of intestinal flora showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could increase the levels of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium]_xylanophilum-group, and decrease the levels of Firmicutes, Desulfovibrio, Mucispirillum and Romboutsia in asthmatic rats. Therefore, it is speculated that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction can improve the symptom of asthmatic rats by regulating the immune inflammation and intestinal flora in the asthmatic rats. All animal experiments in this article were approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine.

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