The effects of "rain classroom" wisdom teaching on nursing students′ self-learning and self-efficacy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of "rain classroom" wisdom teaching on geriatric students′ autonomous learning ability and self-efficacy.Methods:From June to August, 2021, 61 nursing students who practiced in the department of gerontology of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were selected as research subjects, and divided into experimental group (30 students) and control group (31 students) by random number table method. In the experimental group, wisdom teaching based on "Rain classroom" was carried out at the same time as conventional teaching, while in the control group, conventional teaching was carried out, and the teaching effect was evaluated by the independent learning ability measurement scale and academic self-efficacy scale of nursing students.Results:The score of autonomous learning ability of nursing students in the experimental group was 68.55 ± 11.06, and that in the control group was 74.29 ± 9.16. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = -2.01, P<0.05). The academic self-efficacy scores of nursing students in experimental group and control group were 52.27 ± 11.56 and 52.64 ± 9.28 respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The wisdom teaching of "rain classroom" improves the independent learning ability of geriatric nursing students, and attaches importance to the cultivation of self-efficacy of nursing students, and the improvement of self-efficacy needs further research.

Consideration on implementation of co-administration of Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 vaccines during pandemic in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza viruses. Older people, infants and people with underlying medical conditions could have a higher risk of severe influenza symptoms and complications. The co-infection of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) with influenza viruses could lead to the complication of prevention, diagnosis, control, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19. Influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine overlapped in target populations, vaccination time, and inoculation units. Although there was insufficient evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration of influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine, World Health Organization and some countries recommended co-administration of inactivated influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. This review summarized domestic and international vaccination policies and research progress, and put forward corresponding suggestions in order to provide scientific support for the formulation of vaccination strategy on seasonal influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine.

NEK2 promotes the progression of liver cancer by resisting the cellular senescence / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Liver cancer is the sixth most common malignant tumor in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85%-90% of all patients with liver cancer. It possesses the characteristics of insidious onset, rapid progression, early recurrence, easy drug resistance, and poor prognosis. NIMA related kinase 2 (NEK2) is a cell cycle regulating kinases, which regulates cell cycle in mitosis. Cellular senescence is a complex heterogeneous process, and is a stable form of cell cycle arrest that limits the proliferative potential of cells. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the expression level of NEK2 and the senescence in hepatoma cells, and to explore the effect of NEK2 expression on hepatoma cell senescence and the underlying molecular mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 581 senescence-relevant genes were obtained from the GenAge website. The gene expression data of tumor tissues of 370 HCC patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The co-expression of NEK2 and aging-related genes was analyzed by R-package. KEGG was used to analyze the significant gene enrichment pathway of differentially expressed genes in NEK2 overexpression HEK293. The stable transfected cell lines with overexpression and knockdown of NEK2 were constructed in hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and HepG2, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was used to detect senescence, the cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method and clone formation experiment, the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of proteins related to p53/p21, p16/Rb, and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)/Akt signal transduction pathway was detected by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#There were 320 senescence related genes co-expressed with NEK2. KEGG analysis showed that the senescence signaling pathway was significantly enriched in HEK293 cells with overexpression of NEK2.Compared with SMMC-7721 or HepG2 without knockdown of NEK2, the senescent cells of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 with knockdown of NEK2 were increased, cell proliferation and clone formation were decreased significantly, the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased, the expression levels of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) and phospho-Rb (p-Rb) protein were decreased significantly, and the expression level of p16 protein was increased significantly (all P<0.05). Compared with SMMC-7721 or HepG2 transfected with blank plasmid, the senescent cells of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 overexpressing NEK2 were decreased, the cell proliferation and clone formation were increased significantly, the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase were decreased, the expression levels of p-Akt and p-Rb protein were increased significantly, and the expression level of p16 protein was decreased significantly (all P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#NEK2 may mediate the anti-aging effect of hepatoma cells through p16/Rb and PTEN/Akt signal transduction pathways, which provides a new theoretical basis for NEK2 to promote the progress of liver cancer and a new idea for the targeting treatment for liver cancer.

Surgical management of sacral neurogenic tumors / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy and complications of one-stage tumor resection to treat primary sacral neurogenic tumors and to discuss some details in the clinically relevant anatomy.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis of 26 patients with neurogenic turors of the sacral spine who were surgically treated from January 2001 to January 2018, including 16 males and 10 females, aged from 21 to 69 years old with an average age of (39.3±10.9) years old. The courses of diseases ranged from 3 to 56 months with an average of (17.9±10.1) months. The diameters of presacral components ranged from 3.3 to 19.6 cm with an average of (8.7±4.1) cm. The proximal margin of presacral lesions was above the L5S1 level in 6 cases, and lower than L5S1 in 20 cases. A posterior incision approach for one-stage complete resection of the tumor was used firstly, and an anterior approach was combined when necessary. Spinal-pelvic reconstruction with the modified Galveston technique was also carried out in relevant cases. Whether to preserve the tumor-involved nerve roots depended on the situation during the operation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, pain relief, and complications were recorded. The lumbosacral spine stability and sacral plexus neurological function were evaluated during postoperative follow-up, and local recurrence and distant metastasis were examined as well.@*RESULTS@#Total excision was achieved in all 26 patients, with an operation time of (160.4±35.3) mins and an intraoperative blood loss of (1 092.3±568.8) ml. Tumors have been removed via a posterior-only approach in 21 cases and via combined anterior/posterior approaches in 5 cases. The diameter of presacral masses components ranged from 11.3 to 19.6 cm with an average of (15.1±3.2) cm in patients with combined anterior/posterior approaches, and ranged from 3.3 to 10.9 cm with an average of (7.2±2.4) cm in patients with a posterior-only approach. Five of the six patients whose proximal margin of presacral masses was above the L5S1 level adopted combined anterior/posterior approaches, and 20 patients lower than the L5S1 level adopted the posterior-only approach. All the patients were followed up for 6 to 82 months with an average of(45.4±18.2)months. Postoperative lumbosacral pain and lower extremity radicular pain were significantly relieved, and sensation, muscle strength and bowel and bladder function were also improved to varying degrees. The postoperative early complications included superficial wound infection in 1 case and cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 cases. Pathology confirmed 17 cases of schwannoma, 7 cases of neurofibroma and 2 cases of malignant schwannoma. Local recurrence was observed in two cases of benign neurogenic tumors. One patient with a malignant nerve sheath tumor had lung metastasis, who died 20 months after the operation. In 17 cases of upper sacral neurogenic tumors, 4 cases did not undergo spinal-pelvic reconstruction with internal fixation, of which 2 cases suffered from postoperative segmental instability. Tumor-involved nerve roots were resected during surgery in 7 cases. One of these patients who had S2 and S3 nerve roots sacrificed simultaneously had an impaired bladder and bowel function postoperatively, and did not recover completely. In the other 6 cases, the neurological function was not damaged obviously or recovered well.@*CONCLUSION@#The posterior approach can directly expose the lesions, and it is also convenient to deal with nerve roots and blood vessels. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, degree of symptom relief, complication rate, and recurrence and metastasis rate can be controlled at an appropriate level. It is a safe and effective surgical approach. When the upper edge of the presacral mass is higher than the L5S1 level or the diameter of the presacral mass exceeds 10 cm, an additional anterior approach should be considered. The stress between the spine and pelvis is high, and internal fixation should be used to restore the mechanical continuity of the spine and pelvis during resection of neurogenic tumors of the high sacral spine. Most of the parent nerve roots have lost their function. Resection of a single parent nerve root is unlikely to cause severe neurological dysfunction, while the adjacent nerve roots have compensatory functions and should be preserved as much as possible during surgery.

Effects of Paclitaxel and Quizartinib Alone and in Combination on AML Cell Line MV4-11 and Its STAT5 Signal Pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of paclitaxel, quizartinib and their combination on proliferation, apoptosis and FLT3/STAT5 pathway of human leukemia cell line MV4-11 (FLT3-ITD+).@*METHODS@#MV4-11 cells were treated with paclitaxel and quizartinib at different concentrations for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, and then the two drugs were combined at 48 h to compare the inhibition of proliferation, the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of FLT3 and STAT5 mRNA was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of FLT3, p-FLT3, STAT5 and p-STAT5 was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Different combination groups of paclitaxel and quizartinib had synergistic inhibitory effect. The cell survival rate in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the single drug group (P<0.05). The cell apoptosis rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the single drug group (P<0.001). The expression of FLT3 mRNA in combination group was significantly higher than that in two single drugs (P<0.01). The expression of STAT5 mRNA in combination group was significantly higher than that in quizartinib group (P<0.001); increased compared with paclitaxel group, but there was no statistical significance. The expression level of p-FLT3、p-STAT5 protein in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the single drug group (P<0.05, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Paclitaxel combined with quizartinib can synergistically inhibit the proliferation of MV4-11 cell line and promote the apoptosis of MV4-11 cell line by inhibiting the activity of FLT3/STAT5 pathway.

Prevalence of screening myopia and refractive correction among primary and middle school students in Xuzhou city / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To determine the prevalence of screening myopia and refractive correction among primary and middle school students aged from 6-18 years in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu Province.METHODS: A cross-sectional cluster sampling study was designed. The total number of screened students was 63 488 in 70 schools from Xuzhou city in this study from September 2020 to December 2020. After excluding the unqualified data, 58 149 students aged 6-18 years were included to analyse. The prevalence of screening myopia, refractive correction and full correction with the aspect of different ages, genders, regions and degrees of myopia were described.RESULTS: The overall rate of screening myopia and refractive correction were 49.26% and 31.11%, respectively and both showed an increasing trend with age(<i>P</i><0.01). Additionally, the degree of myopia also gradually deepened with age. For the two rates, there appeared to be higher for girls than boys(53.70% <i>vs</i> 45.67% for screening myopia and 32.45% <i>vs</i> 29.84% for refractive correction, all <i>P</i><0.01). However, girls showed a lower rate than boys for full refractive correction(56.60% <i>vs</i> 63.98%, <i>P</i><0.01), which was 60.23% totally among all the myopic students with refractive correction. The corrective and full refractive correction rate of urban primary and secondary school students are higher than that of townships(46.50% <i>vs</i> 18.33%,62.20% <i>vs</i> 56.07%, all <i>P</i><0.01). CONCLUSION:The prevalence of screening myopia among primary and middle school students was not optimistic in Xuzhou city in 2020. The rates of refractive correction and full correction were relatively low among myopic students, possibly because of the progression of myopia.

Effect of different sufentanil doses on hemodynamics and interleukin-6 in children with ventricular septal defect repair / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To study the effect of different sufentanil doses on hemodynamics and interleukin (IL)-6 in children with ventricular septal defect repair (VSDR).Methods:A total of 96 children who underwent VSDR surgery in Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University from January 2016 to June 2019 were selected. Children with VSDR were enrolled and divided into A group (0.8 μg/kg), B group (1.0 μg/kg) and C group (1.1 μg/kg) according their sufentanil doses. The heart rate (HR), contraction pressure (SBP), the brain electric double frequency index (BIS) and IL-6 in different time were studied and compared. The adverse cardiovascular events and other indicators were studied and compared.Results:At t 2 to t 6, there were significant difference among the three groups in HR, A group: (104.62 ± 10.58), (128.73 ± 13.29), (127.59 ± 13.53), (125.62 ± 12.60) and (118.49 ± 11.62) times/min, B group: (100.27 ± 10.11), (119.33 ± 12.62), (116.57 ± 11.40), (113.57 ± 11.94) and (113.37 ± 11.46) times/min, C group: (87.92 ± 8.87), (98.62 ± 9.69), (94.42 ± 9.38), (88.72 ± 8.62) and (89.36 ± 9.17) times/min; SBP, A group: (79.54 ± 7.59), (102.75 ± 10.62), (90.62 ± 9.52), (85.19 ± 8.62) and (83.98 ± 8.62) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), B group: (76.74 ± 7.28), (90.45 ± 9.57), (87.38 ± 8.51), (84.72 ± 8.50) and (83.77 ± 8.58) mmHg, C group: (70.62 ± 7.27), (75.62 ± 7.83), (72.69 ± 7.80), (71.28 ± 7.43) and (71.39 ±7.16) mmHg, P<0.05. At t 2 to t 4, there were significant differences among the three groups in BIS, A group: 48.64 ± 5.03, 53.58 ± 5.71 and 59.61 ± 5.87, B group: 48.79 ± 5.12, 50.23 ± 5.24 and 57.75 ± 5.66, C group: 43.59 ± 4.62, 50.31 ± 5.34, 55.26 ± 5.53, P<0.05. At T 2 to T 6, there was a significant difference among the three groups in IL-6, A group: (0.41 ± 0.06), (0.49 ± 0.11), (0.53 ± 0.13), (0.82 ± 0.17) and (0.61 ± 0.15) μg/L, B group: (0.38 ± 0.05), (0.42 ± 0.08), (0.46 ± 0.09), (0.75 ± 0.14) and (0.53 ± 0.12) μg/L, C group: (0.35 ± 0.05), (0.40 ± 0.06), (0.43 ± 0.07), (0.72 ± 0.12) and (0.51 ± 0.11) μg/L, P<0.05. Compared with that in A group and C group, HR, SBP and BIS in B group had relatively low volatility. At T 2 to T 6, IL-6 level in A group was significantly higher than that in B group and C group, and there was a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in A group and C group was significantly higher than that in B group, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:1.0 μg/kg sufentanil can have less effect on hemodynamics and IL-6 in children with VSDR with less adverse cardiovascular events and other indicators.

Effect of Bushen Huatan Prescription on Serum LPS and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Rats with Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Bushen Huatan prescription on serum lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/ myeloid cell differentiation protein 88 （MyD88）/nuclear transcription factor-<italic>κ</italic>B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） signaling pathway in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Method:Sixty SPF 6-month-old female rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， estradiol valerate group and Bushen Huatan prescription low， medium and high dose groups.One week after modeling by bilateral ovariectomy， 8 rats in each group were selected to receive intragastric administration.The estradiol valerate group was given 0.184 mg·kg^-1 by gavage， and Bushen Huatan prescription low， middle and high dose groups were given 4.7， 9.4 and 18.8 g·kg^-1 by gavage， sham operation group and model group were given 0.9% saline 4 mL by gavage respectively.After 12 weeks of intervention， the rats were sacrificed for detection.Serum LPS was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， while protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88 and phosphorylated （p）-NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 in bone tissue were detected by Western blot， and the mRNA expressions of TLR4， MyD88， NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and IL-6 in bone tissue were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR）. Result:Compared with sham operation group， the serum LPS level as well as protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， p-NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 and mRNA expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and IL-6 significantly increased in model group（<italic>P</italic><0.05）.Compared with the model group， serum LPS level， protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， and p-NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65， mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 in bone tissues as well as downstream inflammatory factors IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-6 mRNA expression decreased to different degrees in estradiol valerate group and Bushen Huatan prescription high dose group（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Bushen Huatan prescription can reduce serum LPS content， regulate mRNA and protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 and p-NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 in TLR4/MyD88/NF-<italic>κ</italic>B pathway， and down-regulate mRNA levels of IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-6 in bone tissues to improve bone microstructure and inhibit the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP）.

Mechanism of Bushen Huatan Prescription in Regulating Th17/Treg Balance in Ovariectomized Osteoporosis Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Bushen Huatan prescription on helper T cell 17 （Th17）/T regulatory cells （Treg） balance of immune T cell subsets in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Method:Sixty 6-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， estradiol valerate group （0.184 mg·kg^-1） and Bushen Huatan prescription low， medium and high groups （4.7， 9.4， 18.8 g·kg^-1） according to the random number table. All the groups except the sham operation group received ovariectomy to make postmenopausal osteoporosis model. Intragastric administration was started 1 week after operation， and the rats in model group and sham operation group received equal volume of normal saline， once a day for 12 weeks. Microcomputed tomography （Micro CT） was then used to detect bone mass and microstructure of rats， the contents of Forkhead box protein （Foxp3） and retinoic acid related nuclear orphan receptor （ROR<italic>γ</italic>t） in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， the mRNA expression levels of Foxp3 and ROR<italic>γ</italic>t in bone tissues were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Foxp3 and ROR<italic>γ</italic>t in bone tissues， the number of Th17 and Treg cells in each group was analyzed and compared by flow cytometry. Result:Compared with the sham operation group， the bone mass and trabeculae of the model group decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the bone microstructure was destroyed， the concentration of Foxp3 in serum decreased， the concentration of ROR<italic>γ</italic>t increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the mRNA and protein expression levels of Foxp3 in bone tissues decreased， ROR<italic>γ</italic>t increased， the number of Treg cells in bone tissues decreased， number of Th17 cells increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and Th17/Treg ratio increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01） in model group. Compared with the model group， the bone mass in each treatment group increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， Foxp3 concentration in serum increased， ROR<italic>γ</italic>t concentration decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the mRNA and protein expression levels of Foxp3 in bone tissues increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， but no statistical difference was shown in mRNA expression between low dose group and the model group. In addition， the mRNA and protein expression of ROR<italic>γ</italic>t decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， number of Treg cells increased， number of Th17 cells decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and Th17/Treg ratio decreased in treatment groups （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Bushen Huatan prescription can increase bone mass， improve bone microstructure， increase the number of Treg cells and decrease the number of Th17 cells in ovariectomized rats. It is concluded that Bushen Huatan prescription may play a role in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating Th17/Treg balance.

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Weekly Calendar Planning Activity for Executive Function Assessment in Community-dwelling Middle-aged and Elderly Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To examine the reliability and validity of a performance-based executive function assessment, the Chinese Version of Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-C), in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults. Methods:From July to August, 2020, 55 community-dwelling adults aged 41 to 89 years participated in this study. A total of 30 participants were evaluated with the WCPA-C version A. After two weeks and four weeks, they were retested with version B and version A, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. All the participants were divided into the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (n = 37) and normal cognition (NC) group (n = 18) according to the scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The results of WCPA-C between two groups were compared. Results:There were four participants lost, and 26 participants completed all three tests. Except the planning time, the ICCs were 0.43~0.78 between the first and the second tests, and were 0.50~0.80 between the second and the third tests. WCPA-C results were significant different between two groups (Z > 1.288, P < 0.05), except the total time and the planning time (Z < 1.641, P > 0.05). Conclusion:WCPA-C demonstrats satisfactory test-retest reliability and discriminative validity in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults.

Effects of ultrasound microbubble-mediated G3BP1 transfection on proliferation and migration of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of ultrasound microbubble-mediated RasGAP SH3-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) transfection on the proliferation and migration of human liver cancer HepG2 cells.Methods:HepG2 cells were treated with ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology-mediated si-G3BP1. The expression of G3BP1 in HepG2 cell lines was detected by Western blot, and the silencing efficiency was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. HepG2 cell proliferation and migration were analyzed by flow cytometry, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) , EdU staining, colony formation experiment, wound healing experiment, Transwell experiment and Western blot.Results:After silencing G3BP1 in HepG2 cells, its mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced (1.01±0.03 vs 0.27±0.03, 1.02±0.01 vs 0.33±0.04) ; UTMD-mediated si-G3BP1 could significantly reduce the proliferation rate (31.49±3.09 vs 12.51±1.02) , proliferation activity (1.20±0.13 vs 0.46±0.31) , EdU-positive cell rate (99.23±1.01 vs 36.75±4.03) , colony formation rate (96.45±1.21 vs 32.67±2.62) , scratch healing rate (97.58±1.04 vs 42.33±2.56) , migration rate (94.28±2.33 vs 39.36±2.51) and Ki67, Cyclin D1, Vimentin protein levels, increase E-cadherin protein levels.Conclusion:UTMD-mediated si-G3BP1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of human liver cancer HepG2 cells.

Nie-pinching the spine, puncturing Sifeng (EX-UE 10) plus Chinese herbs for pediatric anorexia due to dysfunction of spleen in transportation: a randomized controlled trial / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Nie-pinching the spine, puncturing Sifeng (EX-UE 10) plus Chinese herbs in treating pediatric anorexia due to dysfunction of spleen in transportation. Methods: A total of 64 kids were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method, with 32 cases in each group. Patients in both groups received Jian Pi Kai Wei (strengthening spleen and stomach) powder according to pattern differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In addition, patients in the observation group received Nie-pinching the spine and puncturing Sifeng (EX-UE 10). Nie-pinching the spine was applied twice a week, and puncturing Sifeng (EX-UE 10) was performed once a week, with 2 weeks counted as 1 course of treatment. After 2 courses of treatment, the body mass index (BMI), peripheral blood leptin level and the microelements Zn, Fe and Se were compared at different time points (before treatment, after the first and second courses of treatment), as well as the therapeutic efficacy and onset time. Results: After 2 courses of treatment, 31 cases in each group were evaluated. After the 1st course and the 2nd course, the BMI and serum Zn, Fe and Se levels in the observation group increased significantly (all P<0.05), the leptin level decreased substantially (both P<0.05); the BMI in the control group showed a substantial rise (P<0.05), while the Zn, Fe and Se levels slightly increased showing no statistical significance (all P>0.05), and the leptin level decreased but the difference showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). After the 1st and the 2nd courses of treatment, the BMI, serum Zn, Fe and Se levels increased more significantly (all P<0.05), and the serum leptin level decreased more significantly (both P<0.05) in the observation group than in the control group. After the 2nd course, the total effective rate and recovery rate in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05), together with a quicker onset time (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nie-pinching the spine, puncturing Sifeng (EX-UE 10) plus Chinese herbs is effective for pediatric anorexia due to dysfunction of spleen in transportation. It can decrease leptin, increase Zn, Fe and Se levels, alleviate apositic symptoms and increase BMI in the kids.

Effects of Huatan Jiangzhuo decoction on diet-induced hyperlipidemia and gene expressions in rats / 中国天然药物

Huatan Jiangzhuo decoction (HJD) is a combination of six traditional Chinese medicines that were used for lipid metabolism-related disorders, but its efficacy and underlying mechanisms have not been explored by modern research strategies. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of HJD in determining the transcriptome level. Hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding Sprague-Dawley rats with high-fat diet. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by high-through transcriptome sequencing, followed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in hyperlipidemia model rats were significantly increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration decreased when compared to normal rats, and HJD significantly downregulated TC concentrations and liver coefficient in the hyperlipidemia rats. Histology staining showed that HDJ greatly recovered the lipid accumulation in rat hepatic stellate cells and aortic arch vascular wall thickness of hyperlipidemia rats. One thousand nine hundred and thirty-six DEGs were identified in the HJD-treated hyperlipidemia rats, which were associated with various biological processes and signaling pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, AMP-activated Protein Kinase , and insulin signaling pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the downregulated expression of cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1), liver orphan receptor(LXRα),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ),andSterol Response Element-Binding Protein 1c(SREBP1c) genes in hyperlipidemia rats treated with HJD. Our data first elucidated the gene expression profile of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats after HJD treatment, and lipid metabolism-related genes (CYP7A1, LXRα, PPARγ, and SREBP1c) may be potentially biomarkers for HJD-alleviated hyperlipidemia.

Analysis of the changes and characteristics of pediatric outpatient visits in a general hospital in Beijing before and after the COVID-19 pandemic / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the changes and characteristics of pediatric outpatient visits in a general hospital before and after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic.@*METHODS@#Based on the registration data of pediatric outpatient visits in the information system (HIS)of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, from January 1 2018 to December 31 2020, aged 0 to 16 years, we analyzed the changes of outpatient visits before and after the epidemic, focusing on respiratory infection including influenza. The relationship between the outpatient visits and age and quarterly distribution were also studied.@*RESULTS@#(1) Respiratory infection accounted for the majority of outpatient visits in 2018 and 2019 (60.6% and 60.5%, respectively). Non-respiratory infection accounted for the main proportion of outpatient visits in 2020, while respiratory infection accounted for only 47.4%. Annual respiratory infection visits, respiratory infectious diseases visits especially influenza visits all decreased significantly in 2020 compared with that in 2018 and 2019 (P < 0.05). (2)Respiratory infection visits were highest in the infant group, lowest in the school age group (P < 0.05) and highest in the fourth quarter each year. It decreased significantly in the second quarter of 2020 with statistical significance when compared with the other quarters of 2020(P < 0.05). (3)Influenza accounted for the highest proportion of respiratory infectious diseases visits in each year. It was highest in first quarter, which was significantly different from the other quarters of the year (P < 0.05). There were different distributions of influenza visits throughout 2018 and 2019, while it was only distributed in the first quarter and 99% in January in 2020.@*CONCLUSION@#The respiratory infection and influenza visits have decreased significantly in our pediatric outpatient department after the COVID-19 epidemic, which is considered closely related to the lifestyle and personal protection after the epidemic. It is recommended that health education on respiratory infection and influenza prevention should be strengthened, especially in winter and spring, to promote the development of good respiratory and hand hygiene habits.

Application of iodine staining technique for tumor identification in Micro-CT of mouse model with skull base-infratemporal fossa tumor / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region, and to explore the role of iodine staining technique in identifying tumor tissues with Micro-CT data.@*METHODS@#Sedation anesthesia was carried out on 12 BABL/c nude mice using inhaled isoflurane, and then WSU-HN6 cells that cultured and immortalized from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma were injected into the right infratemporal fossa via the submandibular area. The procedure was carried out under ultrasonographic guidance. The nude mice were sacrificed after 3 weeks observation. The head specimens were fixed and scanned by Micro-CT, and repeated scans were performed after staining with 3.75% compound iodine solution. Following decalcification in 20% EDTA for 2-4 weeks, the head specimens were embedded and sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Pan-Keratin immunohistochemical staining were carried out. Bright-field microscopy and stereomicroscopy were used to visualize. The Micro-CT data were analyzed using iPlan software (Brainlab).@*RESULTS@#Non-traumatic ultrasonography was used to guide HN-6 cells injection and confirm skull-base tumor formation in all the animals. Ultrasonographic guidance reduced the risk of cervical vessel injury when transferring tumor cells into the skull base space. An obvious asymmetrical appearance was detected via ultrasonography 3 weeks after tumor cell injection. The Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone was obviously damaged on the right side of the skull base, but the soft tissue image was unrecognizable. After four days staining with compound iodine solution, the morphology of the tumor and surrounding soft tissue could be clearly identified. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the tumor formation of the right infratemporal fossa region accompanied by bone destruction. Human keratin immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor tissue originated from human squamous cell carcinoma, and the polynuclear osteoclasts could be seen at the margin of the skull base bone resorption.@*CONCLUSION@#The animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region could be successfully established via submandibular injection under ultrasound-guidance. Bone changes of the skull were easily observed on Micro-CT, but the tumor counter was not able to be distinguished from surrounding soft tissue. The 3.75% compound iodine staining of the head specimen could help discern the tumor and surrounding soft tissue in more details.

An updated meta-analysis of the relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer

Aim of Study: There were many reports published on the relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer in these years. In previous, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between GSTT1 null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer. This study was conducted to update it. Materials and Methods: The association studies were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library on March 1, 2016. Results: Sixty-three reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of null genotype of GSTT1 with lung cancer susceptibility, consisting of 21,220 patients with lung cancer and 21,496 controls. There was a marked association between GSTT1 null genotype and lung cancer risk in overall populations and in Asians (overall populations: Odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.07–1.28, P = 0.006; Asians: OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23–1.62, P < 0.00001). However, GSTT1 null genotype was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in Caucasians, Brazilian population, and Africans. Conclusion: GSTT1 null genotype is associated with the lung cancer risk in overall populations and in Asians

An investigation on the role of emergency departments in combatting against COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relevant situation of the emergency departments (ED) of general hospitals at all levels in Zhejiang Province participating in the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide a reference for further improving the capacity of emergency services.Methods:A multi-center cross-sectional investigation study was jointly initiated by the Zhejiang Provincial Emergency Medicine Quality Control Center, the Emergency Medicine Branch of Zhejiang Medical Association, and the Emergency Physicians Branch of Zhejiang Medical Doctors Association. Before investigation, experts were organized to develop a special questionnaire. Then the ED of general people's hospitals or Chinese Medicine hospitals at the county/district-level or above were included and their participations in the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic between March 9, 2020 and March 15, 2020 were investigated. The collected information included: basic information of the hospitals; participation of ED in fever clinics; the number of COVID-19 patients admitted to ED; the situation of ED support to the anti-epidemic front-line; and the epidemic prevention facilities of ED, and the early supply of medical protective equipments.Results:A total of 181 hospitals from 11 prefectures and cities across the province were finally included, including 52 (28.7%) Grade-A tertiary hospitals, 45 (24.9%) Grade-B tertiary hospitals, 64(35.4%) Grade-A secondary hospitals, and 20 (11.0%) Grade-B secondary or lower hospitals. Among them, 93 (51.4%) were COVID-19 designated hospitals, and 49 (27.1%) had the ability to detect COVID-19 nucleic acid; 177 (97.8%) set up independent fever clinics and 33 (18.6%) were managed by ED alone or mainly. The medical staffs of 65 (36.7%) fever clinics were all or mainly from ED. A total of 213 cases of COVID-19 were received/treated in 40.3% ED, accounting for 17.3% of the total number of cases in Zhejiang Province. A total of 3 848 doctors and nurses supported the front-line of epidemic prevention, of them, 253 supported Hubei Province (accounting for 12.5% ??of the total number). There were 68.5% and 76.8% ED having spare separate clinic and ordinary rescue single room to deal with the COVID-19. In addition, at the early days of anti-epidemic, more than 50% ED were in short supply or even had no medical protective equipment.Conclusions:The ED of Zhejiang Province plays an important role and has made a great contribution to the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. It is necessary to improve the conditions of ED to effectively respond to the prevention and control of daily infectious diseases.

Effect of ginsenoside Rg_1 in delaying premature ovarian failure induced by D-gal in mice through PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy pathway / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to study the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K), protein kinase B(Akt) and mamma-lian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in the inhibition of premature ovarian failure induced by D-galactose(D-gal) in mice model by ginsenoside Rg_1(Rg_1). Fifty-four female SPF BALB/c mice were randomly divided into PBS group, D-gal group, and Rg_1 group. In the D-gal group, D-galactose(200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) was injected subcutaneously into the neck and back for 42 days. In the PBS group, an equal amount of phosphate buffered saline(PBS) was injected into the neck and back for 42 days. In addition to the therapy of D-gal group, Rg_1 group was given Rg_1(20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) through intraperitoneal injection since the 15 th day for 28 days, at the same time, the D-gal group and the PBS group were also given an equal amount of PBS through intraperitoneal injection since the 15 th day for 28 days. After the treatment, the estrous cycle changes of the mice were detected, and the ovarian SA-β-Gal staining was used to detect the changes of ovarian aging. Western blot was used to detect the changes in protein expressions of PI3 K, Akt, mTOR, S6 k, LC3-Ⅱ and P16~(INK4 a). Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the changes in mRNA expressions of PI3 K, Akt, mTOR, S6 k, LC3-Ⅱ and P16~(INK4 a). According to the findings, compared with the PBS group, the D-gal group began to show estrous cycle disorder in the 3 rd week,the ovarian SA-β-Gal staining positive granulosa cells increased in the D-gal group, the expression of senescence marker P16~(INK4 a) increased, while the expression of autophagy signaling molecule LC3-Ⅱ decreased. After treatment with Rg_1, the positive rate of ovarian SA-β-Gal staining in Rg_1 group decreased, the expression level of autophagy signaling molecule LC3-Ⅱ in Rg_1 group was higher than that in D-gal group, while the expression level of senescence marker P16~(INK4 a) was lower than that in D-gal group. Compared with the PBS group, the protein and mRNA expressions of PI3 K, Akt, mTOR and S6 k in the D-gal group were up-regulated, the protein expressions of Akt, mTOR and S6 k in the Rg_1 group were up-regulated, and the mRNA expressions of PI3 K and mTOR were up-regulated. After treatment with Rg_1, the protein expressions of PI3 K, Akt, mTOR and S6 k in the Rg_1 group were lower than those in the D-gal group, while the mRNA expressions of Akt, mTOR and S6 k in the Rg_1 group were lower than those in the D-gal group. The finding ssuggested that Rg_1 has the effect in delaying ovarian premature failure in D-gal-induced mouse models, and PI3 K/Akt/mTOR autophagy signaling pathways play an important role.

Study on synergistic anti-tumor effect of Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU on hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh-7 and xenograft mice / 中国中药杂志

This paper discussed the synergistic anti-tumor effect of Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on human liver cancer cell line Huh-7 and tumor bearing mice. The effects of Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU on the activity and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) receptor protein expression of Huh-7 cells were investigated, and the effects of drug combination on tube formation of HUVEC cell were also verified. In addition, the mice model of Huh-7 was established to observe the anti-tumor effect of drug combination and the distribution of tumor blood flow in tumor bearing mice by using molecular imaging. HPLC analysis showed that Shuangdan Capsules mainly consisted of danshensusodium, protocatechuic aldehyde, paeoniflorin, rosmarinic acid, alkannic acid, salvianolic acid B, and paeonol. In MTT experiment, the inhibition rate of Shuangdan Capsules(20 mg·L~(-1)) and 5-FU(1 μmol·L~(-1)) on Huh-7 cells was 60%, and the CI value was 0.59, suggesting that these two drugs had synergistic anti-hepatoma cells effect. The expression of VEGF receptor in Huh-7 cells was inhibited by the combination of these two drugs. In addition, the process of HUVEC was slow, and the number, length and area of the lumen branches decreased significantly. In vivo, Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU inhibited the growth and prolongation of survival of Huh-7 cells in subcutaneous transplanted tumor nude mice; serum expression of CD31 and VEGF in nude mice were decreased, while caspase-3 was increased. Meanwhile, the drug combination significantly inhibited the expressions of MMP2 and VEGF in tumor tissues. Ultrasound showed that Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU also inhibited tumor angiogenesis and reduced blood flow of tumor tissue. The results showed that Shuangdan Capsules combined with 5-FU may inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF and MMP2 expressions, thereby blocking tumor growth.

Effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang on AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang on receptor of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)/advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)/nuclear transcription factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) signaling pathway in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats through an animal modeling experiment, and discuss the mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang in alleviating diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Method:Rat model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was established by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin (STZ). After successful modeling, Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang intervention began in the fifth week. The patients in high-dose group (19.40 g∙kg-1∙d-1), middle-dose group (4.85 g∙kg-1∙d-1) and low-dose group (2.43 g∙kg-1∙d-1) were given by gavage continuously for 12 weeks. The western medicine control group was given 25 mg∙kg-1∙d-1 by gavage. After the experiment, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect RAGE and NF-κB p65 mRNA expressions in sciatic nerve tissue. The expressions of RAGE, NF-κB and phosphorylation(p)-NF-κB p65 proteins in sciatic nerve tissues were detected by Western blot (WB). Result:Compared with the normal group, serum IL-1β and TNF-α protein levels, RAGE mRNA and NF-κB p65 mRNA levels, RAGE protein, NF-κB p65 protein and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01), the ratio of p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 was increased, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 was enhanced (P<0.01). After the intervention of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang, compared with the model group, serum IL-1β and TNF-α protein levels, RAGE and NF-κB p65 mRNA levels, RAGE protein, NF-κB p65 protein and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels were all decreased (P<0.01), the ratio of p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 was decreased in high-dose group (P<0.01). The effect was obvious with the increase of dose of astragalus cassia twig. Conclusion:Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang can alleviate diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and its mechanism may be related to blocking the expression of RAGE on tissue cell surface in AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and inducing TNF-α triggered oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory response, so as to avoid cell damage and dysfunction.