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1.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; (12): 378-385, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-969855

ABSTRACT

Objective: To understand the infection status of Enterovirus (EV) in cases of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2021, and analyze the prevalence and type composition of EV in ARIs. Methods: From October 2017 to May 2021, pharyngeal swab samples were collected from 1 828 patients with ARIs in Luohe Central Hospital and the clinical epidemiological data of these cases were also collected. EV-positive samples were identified by Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) was amplified by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The results of 5'UTR region were initially typed by Enterovirus Genotyping Tool Version 1.0. Based on the typing results, the full-length of VP1 region was amplified by RT-PCR. The EV typing was identified again by VP1 region. Results: Among 1 828 cases of ARIs, 56.7% (1 036) were males. The median (Q1, Q3) age was about 3 (1, 5) years. Patients under 5 years old accounted for 71.6% (1 309 cases). Among all cases, a total of 71 EV-positive samples were identified by qPCR, with a detection rate of 3.88% (71/1 828). The EV detection rates for men and women were 3.28% (34/1 036) and 4.67% (37/792), without statistically significant differences (χ2=2.32, P=0.14). The EV detection rates for 2 to <6 years, 6 months to <2 years, 6 to <10 years, and <6 months were 6.29% (48/763), 3.00% (18/600), 2.52% (4/159), and 1.67% (1/60) (χ2=27.91, P<0.001). The EV detection rate was 0.92% (3/326) in autumn and winter of 2017. The EV detection rates were 1.18% (6/508), 2.47% (12/485) and 8.31% (34/409) in each year from 2018 to 2020, with an increasing trend year by year(χ2trend=29.76, P<0.001). The main prevalent seasons were summer and autumn. The detection rate in spring of 2021 was 4.00% (4/100). A total of 12 types were identified and classified as CVA2, CVA4, CVA5, CVA6, CVA10, CVB3, CVB5, E5, E11, E30, PV-1, and EV-D68. The types of CVA2, CVA10, CVA6, and CVB3 were the dominant phenotypes. In 59 sample of EV typing, the main clinical manifestation was upper respiratory tract infection (36/59, 61.01%). The dominant types detected in upper respiratory tract infections were CVA10 (10/36, 27.78%), CVA6 (9/36, 25.00%) and CVB3 (8/36, 22.22%). The dominant type detected in lower respiratory tract infections was CVA2 (7/19, 36.84%). Conclusion: In Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2021, EV infection in ARIs cases has clear seasonal and age-specific patterns, and the dominant types of upper and lower respiratory tract infections are different.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Enterovirus/genetics , 5' Untranslated Regions , Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology , Phenotype , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Phylogeny
2.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1009178

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To compare and analyze the early clinical effect of direct superior approach(DSA) and posterior lateral approach (PLA) in hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 72 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture who underwent hemiarthroplasty from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 36 patients were operated through minimally invasive DSA including 10 males and 26 females with an average age of (82.82±4.05) years old; the other 36 patients underwent traditional PLA including 14 males and 22 females with an average age of (82.79±3.21) years old. The perioperative related indexes and Harris scores during follow-up between two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#Comparison of operation time between two groups, (79.41±17.39) min of DSA group was shorter than(98.45±26.58) min of PLA group;incision length (8.33±2.69) cm was shorter than (11.18±1.33) cm of PLA group;intraoperative blood loss (138.46±71.58) ml was less than (173.51±87.17) ml of PLA group, initial landing time (3.04±0.95) d was earlier than (4.52±1.10) d of PLA group, hospitalization time (8.70±1.89) d was shorter than (10.67±2.35) d of PLA group(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in Harris score between two groups before operation(P>0.05), but Harris score in DSA group was higher than that of PLA group at 1 month after operation(P<0.05), but at 12 months after operation, the difference was not statistically significant between two groups(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with PLA, DSA is superior in clinical indexes such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, first landing time, length of hospitalization and Harris score in the first month after operation in hemi hip replacement, and has comparative advantages in promoting early postoperative rehabilitation of elderly patients with femoral neck.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Loss, Surgical , Hemiarthroplasty , Retrospective Studies , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery , Treatment Outcome
3.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; (12): 203-211, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935239

ABSTRACT

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) is one of the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children. HPIVs have been grouped into four serotypes (HPIV1~HPIV4) according to serological and genetic variation. Different serotypes of HPIVs have diverse clinical disease spectrum, epidemic characteristics and disease burden. Based on the nucleotide variation in structural protein genes, HPIVs can be further divided into distinct genotypes and subtypes with diverse temporal and spatial distribution features. The standard molecular typing methods are helpful to clarify the gene evolution and transmission patterns of HPIVs in the process of population transmission. However, the development of molecular epidemiology of HPIVs has been hindered by the lack of a standardized molecular typing method worldwide. Therefore, this study reviewed the viral characteristics, genome structure, existing genotyping methods and evolution of HPIVs, and screened the reference strains for molecular typing, so as to improve the understanding of gene characteristics and molecular typing of HPIVs, and provide an important scientific basis for the monitoring and research of molecular epidemiology of HPIVs in China.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Molecular Typing , Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/genetics , Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human/genetics , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/genetics , Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
4.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935300

ABSTRACT

Since January 2022, severe acute hepatitis cases with unknown etiology in children have occurred in many countries in Europe and the United States, and 43.8% of the cases were positive for human adenovirus (HAdV), and some cases were identified as HAdV-41. However, more evidences including etiology, genomics, liver pathology, and immunohistochemistry are needed to determine the main cause of this outbreak. At present, due to the lack of systematic surveillance and research on hepatitis caused by HAdV infection, it is impossible to determine whether there are similar hepatitis cases occurred in China. It is urgent to carry out HAdV virolgocial surveillance based on clinical symptom, and potential risk of HAdV hepatitis should be studied as soon as possible according to the available relevant clinical, epidemiological and virological data, as well as risk factor information, which will provide scientific and technical support for the prevention and control of HAdV-related diseases.

5.
Biomed. environ. sci ; Biomed. environ. sci;(12): 494-503, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-939587

ABSTRACT

Objectives@#Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a widespread infectious disease that causes a significant disease burden on society. To achieve early intervention and to prevent outbreaks of disease, we propose a novel warning model that can accurately predict the incidence of HFMD.@*Methods@#We propose a spatial-temporal graph convolutional network (STGCN) that combines spatial factors for surrounding cities with historical incidence over a certain time period to predict the future occurrence of HFMD in Guangdong and Shandong between 2011 and 2019. The 2011-2018 data served as the training and verification set, while data from 2019 served as the prediction set. Six important parameters were selected and verified in this model and the deviation was displayed by the root mean square error and the mean absolute error.@*Results@#As the first application using a STGCN for disease forecasting, we succeeded in accurately predicting the incidence of HFMD over a 12-week period at the prefecture level, especially for cities of significant concern.@*Conclusions@#This model provides a novel approach for infectious disease prediction and may help health administrative departments implement effective control measures up to 3 months in advance, which may significantly reduce the morbidity associated with HFMD in the future.


Subject(s)
Humans , China/epidemiology , Cities/epidemiology , Data Visualization , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Forecasting/methods , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/prevention & control , Incidence , Neural Networks, Computer , Reproducibility of Results , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Time Factors
6.
Biomed. environ. sci ; Biomed. environ. sci;(12): 718-726, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-311356

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Knowledge of an enterovirus genome sequence is very important in epidemiological investigation to identify transmission patterns and ascertain the extent of an outbreak. The MinION sequencer is increasingly used to sequence various viral pathogens in many clinical situations because of its long reads, portability, real-time accessibility of sequenced data, and very low initial costs. However, information is lacking on MinION sequencing of enterovirus genomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this proof-of-concept study using Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) strains as examples, we established an amplicon-based whole genome sequencing method using MinION. We explored the accuracy, minimum sequencing time, discrimination and high-throughput sequencing ability of MinION, and compared its performance with Sanger sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Within the first minute (min) of sequencing, the accuracy of MinION was 98.5% for the single EV71 strain and 94.12%-97.33% for 10 genetically-related CA16 strains. In as little as 14 min, 99% identity was reached for the single EV71 strain, and in 17 min (on average), 99% identity was achieved for 10 CA16 strains in a single run.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MinION is suitable for whole genome sequencing of enteroviruses with sufficient accuracy and fine discrimination and has the potential as a fast, reliable and convenient method for routine use.</p>


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Enterovirus , Genetics , Enterovirus A, Human , Genetics , Enterovirus Infections , Virology , Feces , Genome, Viral , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Virology , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Methods
7.
Biomed. environ. sci ; Biomed. environ. sci;(12): 902-908, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-296524

ABSTRACT

Fifteen pediatric cases of suspected Japanese encephalitis (JE) were reported in Beijing Children's Hospital during the late summer of 2013. The clinical manifestations in most cases included high fever, seizures, and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings. Twelve of 15 cases were laboratory-confirmed as JE cases by pathogen identification. Epidemiological investigations showed that five of the 12 laboratory-confirmed patients had an incomplete JE vaccination history. Follow-up investigations after discharge indicated that seven laboratory-confirmed JE patients without JE vaccinations had relatively poor prognoses, with an average Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score of 2.6 when compared with the other five laboratory-confirmed, JE-vaccinated patients with an average MRS score of 0.5. The observation of pediatric JE cases among those with a history of JE vaccination warrants further attention.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Beijing , Epidemiology , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese , Physiology , Encephalitis, Japanese , Diagnosis , Epidemiology , Virology , Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines , Prognosis
8.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 246-252, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356608

ABSTRACT

To investigate the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and the genetic characteristics of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) in Linyi of Shandong Province, China during 2007-2012. The number of reported HFMD cases were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method; the VP1 region of EV-A71 isolated from HFMD patients in Linyi was amplified and sequenced. Finally, the genetic variability and phylogenecity of VP1 sequences of EV-A71 were analyzed by MEGA 5.0. The results showed that HFMD incidence was reported in each year from 2007 to 2012 in Linyi, and the highest incidence and mortality were reported in 2009, when there were total 14697 cases and 9 of death. The reported incidence was 140.28/100000, and the mortality was 0.086/100000. The peak incidence usually occurred between April and July, and the summit occurred in May. Scattered children accounted for 77.37%-92.00% of all cases. The peak age was 2.5 years during 2007-2009 and 1.5 years during 2010-2012. A total of 1365 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases were reported in the 6 consecutive years, accounting for 2.98% of the gross number. Among these reports, the ratio of EV-A71 was 44.18%, and the ratio of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was 46.59%. All EV-A71 strains isolated in Linyi during 2007-2012 belonged to the C4a evolutionary branch of C4 genotype. In conclusion, HFMD outbreaks occurred every year in Linyi during 2007-2012. Incidence varied significantly among different counties. The peak incidence in each year lasted from April to July. Most of the patients were children under 3 years of age, and scattered children took the highest proportion. Co-circulation of EV-A71 and CVA16 was the major cause of HFMD in each year. Since the first report of HFMD prevalence caused by EV-A71 (C4a) in 2007, the virus has been prevalent continuously in Linyi for 6 years.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Enterovirus , Classification , Genetics , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Epidemiology , Virology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny
9.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 226-232, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356611

ABSTRACT

This study aims to construct inactivated coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) vaccine and to investigate its protective effect in ICR mice. A clinical isolate of CVA16, 521-01T, was cultured in VERO cells, inactivated by formaldehyde, and purified by ultracentrifugation for vaccine preparation. Purity and other characteristics of the vaccine were determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Female ICR mice were subcutaneously inoculated with inactivated CVA16 or Al(OH)3-absorbed CVA16, followed by booster immunization at the end of 2 and 4 weeks. CVA16-specific IgG titers in serum were determined by ELISA, and titers of neutralizing antibodies were determined by viral neutralization assay. The immunity of T lymphocytes was evaluated by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. The protective effect was evaluated by challenging the neonatal offspring (< 48 hours) of vaccinated female mice with 1 000 LD50 of CVA16 521-01T. The mortality rates of different groups were compared. The results showed that Al(OH)3 +CVA16 could induce high titers of specific IgG antibodies in ICR mice. After being boosted two times, the serum IgG antibody titer could reach up to 1 : 1 x 10(5) (P = 0.000), and neutralizing antibody titer was higher than 1 : 256. Additionally, more spot forming cells were induced in the immunized groups than in the negative controls. The maternal antibodies showed protective effect in 100% of the neonatal mice challenged with 1 000 LD50 of CVA16 521-01T. The inactivated CVA16 vaccine has ideal immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect. This research lays a foundation for the development and evaluation of CVA16 vaccines.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Allergy and Immunology , Antibodies, Viral , Allergy and Immunology , Enterovirus , Allergy and Immunology , Enterovirus Infections , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Immunization , Mice, Inbred ICR , T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Vaccines, Inactivated , Allergy and Immunology , Viral Vaccines , Allergy and Immunology
10.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 535-540, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-280331

ABSTRACT

We isolated and identified the genotypes and molecular characteristics of the imported B3 measles virus (MeV) in the Chinese mainland. The Vero/SLAM cell line was used to isolate the viruses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was undertaken to amplify the 450 nucleotide acids of the 3-terminal of the nucleoprotein gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and similarities in homology assessed. Results suggested that the Shanghai isolates MVi/Shanghai. CHN/38. 13/02 [B3] and MVi/Shanghai. CHN/40. 13/02[B3] were clustered within the same genotype group as the World Health Organization (WHO) B3 genotype reference strain. The number of differences in nucleotide acids between the two Shanghai isolates was one. The homology of nucleotide acids between the Shanghai isolates and the WHO B3 genotype reference strain (MVi/Ibadan. NGA/0.97/1/B3) was 98%. Comparative results from the Measles Nucleotide Surveillance system suggested that the sequences of Shanghai isolates and the 2013 vi- ruses from Australia, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong China, Philippines and Iran were identical. This is the first time that the B3 genotype of MeV in the Chinese mainland has been isolated since 1993. These data can be used to create a "baseline" of genetic information for measles viruses in China, and help to trace the transmission of measles viruses in China and the rest of the world.


Subject(s)
Humans , China , Genotype , Measles , Virology , Measles virus , Classification , Genetics
11.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 483-488, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-280339

ABSTRACT

Epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have mainly been caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and Enterovirus A 71 (EV-A71), which circulated alternatively or together in the affected area. CVA16 has caused numerous outbreaks and epidemics in multiple countries and geographical regions, and has become an important public health problem. Based on an analysis of the complete VP1 coding region, all CVA16 strains can be divided into genotypes A, B1, and B2. Furthermore, genotype B1 can be divided into subgenotypes B1a, B1b, and B1c. After 2000, no reports of genotype B2 virus strains have been reported. All of the CVA16 strains reported in mainland China have belonged to subgenotypes B1a and B1b. Most CVA16-associated infections cause only mild symptoms; however, some CVA16 infections can lead to severe complications and even death. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective method to control the transmission and infection rate of this virus. A number of research groups are studying various vaccine types, including inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines, and DNA vaccines, amongst others. In this review, an overview is provided of the research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of CVA16.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , China , Coxsackievirus Infections , Epidemiology , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Enterovirus A, Human , Classification , Genetics , Molecular Epidemiology , Viral Vaccines , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology
12.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 602-607, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356659

ABSTRACT

Mumps virus strains of genotype F have been circulating in China for decades. To identify genetic variation of mumps virus based on the complete genome sequence of a mumps isolate of genotype F, the complete genome of the genotype F reference strain, MuVi/Shandong. CHN/4.05 [F] was sequenced. Genetic characteristics of this virus were analyzed and compared with the complete genome sequences of others genotypes available in GenBank. The genetic differences in antigenic sites were also compared between the genotype F strain and the vaccine strains. The nucleotide differences between MuVi/Shandong. CHN/4.05 [F] and other genotypes of mumps virus based on the whole genome ranged between 3.8% and 6.5%. The maximum and minimum difference was found between MuVi/Shandong. CHN/4.05 [F] and genotype A (the vaccine strains), and genotype B-N strains, respectively. There were 26 N-glycosylation sites in the strain MuVi/Shandong. CHN/4.05 [F] and all other genotypes of mumps virus, however, one N-glycosylation site was absent from the vaccine strains, which was at the aa position 464-466 of the HN gene. Variation was detected at some of the known antigenic sites of mumps virus strain MuVi/Shandong. CHN/4.05 [F] and the vaccine strains. Genetic variations were detected in the epidemic mumps virus strain in China as well as in other genotypes of mumps virus strains and the vaccine strains across the complete genome. These results indicate the need to further strengthen the surveillance of genetic variation of wild type mumps virus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Genetic Variation , Genome, Viral , Genotype , Molecular Sequence Data , Mumps , Virology , Mumps virus , Classification , Genetics , Sequence Alignment , Viral Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics
13.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 583-588, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356662

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed the genetic characterization on first imported measles virus of genotype D8 in Chinese mainland. Serums were collected from the suspicious MV patients to detect IgM antibody in ELISA. Throat swabs were cultured in Vero/SLAM cell line to get measles virus isolates. Part of the nucleotide sequence of the 3' terminus of nucleoprotein (N) gene of these isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, and the amplicons were directly sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis was based on the nucleotide sequence about 456 base pairs of the 3' terminus of nucleoprotein (N) gene. Results showed that it reported 1 105 suspicious measles cases in shanghai, 2012, including 590 confirmed cases and 2 clinical case. The reported morbidity was 2.52 per one hundred thousand. 247 measles viruses were isolated from 984 throat swabs specimen. Most of them belonged to sub-genotype H1a except Shanghai12-239 was genotype D8. The homology of nucleotide and amino acid sequences were 97.8% and 98.6% respectively between Shanghai12-239 and WHO reference strain (Manchester. UNK30.94(D8)AF280803). Those were 89.6%-94.5% and 88.7%-95.3% between Shanghai12-239 and WHO reference strains of other genotypes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Genotype , Measles , Virology , Measles virus , Classification , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Travel , Viral Proteins , Genetics
14.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 544-547, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356669

ABSTRACT

To rapidly identify the cross-contamination problems caused by the positive control in the process of mumps virus nucleic acid detection, a new mumps virus RNA positive control was developed in this study. Using the same primers and reaction conditions, the cross-contamination problems caused by the positive control could be readily identified by comparing the fragments lengths of the PCR products between the positive control and the samples. This new RNA positive control of mumps virus can be widely used in the diagnosis and genotyping of mumps virus as a better laboratory quality control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line , DNA Primers , Genetics , Reference Standards , Genotype , Mumps , Diagnosis , Virology , Mumps virus , Genetics , RNA, Viral , Genetics , Reference Standards , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Reference Standards
15.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 509-514, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356674

ABSTRACT

To investigate the genetic characterization of Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) circulating in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces of China, 719 throat swabs were collected from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections from 2009-2011. Multiplex RT-PCR was used to screen common respiratory viral pathogens. For HPIV-3-positive specimens, nested RT-PCR was used to amplify the HN gene of HPIV-3. The nucleotides of Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase(HN)gene of 13 HPIV-3 positive strains identified in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces were successfully sequenced and compared with those downloaded from GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotides sequence of HN gene showed that 13 HPIV-3 strains belonged to sub-cluster C3 with little sequence variation (overall nucleotide divergence of 0.2%-2.3% and amino acid divergence at 0-1.1%). Compared with the complete gene of HPIV-3 strains from U.S.A., Canada, and Australia, the biggest divergence of the nucleotide and amino acid lovels was 6.0% and 3.4%, respectively. The nucleotide divergence between shaanxi09-2 and shaanxi10-H0091 was 0.9%, while the nucleotide divergence between shaanxi10-H005 and gansull-62110372 was 0.5%, between shaanxi09-2 and BJ/291/09 was 0.6%. However, there was no amino acid divergence among them. It is likely that HPIV-3 virus had been transmitting in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces for several years. Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) circulated in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces from 2009 to 2011 belonged to sub-cluster C3.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Genetic Variation , HN Protein , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human , Classification , Genetics , Phylogeny , Respirovirus Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Seasons
16.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 342-348, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356681

ABSTRACT

Adenoviruses are double stranded DNA viruses that cause an array of diseases. More than 60 types of human adenovirus have been reported so far. The discovery and division of human adenovirus types 52-67 are based on the genomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysisy and different from the pre-existing 51 serotypes identified by traditional serological methods in composition and pathogenicity. The majority of new types of human adenovirus are homologous recombination within the same subgenus, and as a result, certain new serotypes acquire different pathogenicity. Recombination is a common evolutionary way for human adenovirus, however, the mechanism of recombination and potenital danger to human remain unknown. As new types of human adenovirus have been receiving increasing attention, in this review, the latest progress in new types of human adenovirus is summarized.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenovirus Infections, Human , Virology , Adenoviruses, Human , Classification , Genetics , Physiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny
17.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 273-279, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-356692

ABSTRACT

To study the epidemic characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in children with acute respiratory infections in Gansu Province. 286 throat swabs were collected from children with acute respiratory in fections in Gansu Province during 2011. Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (multiplex RT-PCR) assay was used to screen those specimens for detection of common respiratory tract pathogens. For HRV-positive samples, nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) was performed to amplify VP1 and VP4/VP2 gene fragments of HRV. The VP4/VP2 and VP1 regions of HRV-positive samples were sequenced and performed genotype analysis. Of 286 specimens fested, 27 were positive for HRV by multiplex RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, of which 16 children were made (16/185), 8.64%) and 11 female (11/101,10.89%). The positive rate was 9.44% (27/286). The mean age of HRV-positive children was 3 years in this study, children less than one year old had the highest proportion 44.4% (12/ 27, 44.4%). The highest HRV positive rate fell on May, 2011 (6/27, 22.2%). Common cold accounted for the highest proportion, 12.24% (12/98) followed by pneumonia, 8.50% (13/153). The remaining 2 cases were bronchitis. Sequence analysis showed HRV A was the predominant genotype in Gansu Province in 2011, accounting for 84.62% (22/26) of positive cases, followed by HRV C (11.54%, 3/26) and only one HRV B was detected (3.85%, 1/26). HRV could be detected throughout the year in Gansu Province and primarily infected children under one year old. The group A was the epidemic genotype of HRV and move than one genotype existed in Gansu Province during 2011.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Picornaviridae Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Respiratory Tract Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Rhinovirus , Classification , Genetics , Seasons
18.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 415-420, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-339935

ABSTRACT

An epidemic of rash and fever illnesses suspected of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in Gansu Province of China in 2008, laboratory tests were performed in order to identify the pathogen that caused this epidemic. Eight clinical specimens collected from the 4 patients (each patient has throat swab and herpes fluid specimens) with rash and febrile illness, were inoculated onto RD and HEp-2 cells for virus isolation, and the viral nucleic acid was then extracted with the positive virus isolates, the dual-channel real-time reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the nucleic acid of human enterovirus (HEV) in the viral isolates at the same time. For the viral isolates with the negative results of HEV, a sequence independent single primer amplification technique (SISPA) was used for "unknown pathogen" identification. Totally, 6 viral isolates were identified as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Comprehensive analyses results of the clinical manifestations of the patients, epidemiological findings and laboratory test indicated that this epidemic of rash and febrile illness was caused by HSV-1. The differences among the gG region of 6 HSV-1 isolates at nucleotide level and amino acid level were all small, and the identities were up to 98. 8% and 97.9%, respectively, showing that this outbreak was caused by only one viral transmission chain of HSV-1. HSV-1 and other viruses that cause rash and febrile illnesses need differential diagnosis with HFMD. The etiology of rash and febrile illness is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the clinical symptoms and epidemiological data, the laboratory diagnosis is therefore critical.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Base Sequence , Cell Line, Tumor , China , Epidemiology , DNA Primers , Genetics , DNA, Viral , Chemistry , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Outbreaks , Enterovirus , Genetics , Exanthema , Fever , Genotype , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Diagnosis , Virology , Herpes Simplex , Diagnosis , Virology , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA
19.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 162-168, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-339958

ABSTRACT

To reveal the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in Hainan province in 2010, epidemiology data of HFMD reporting cases were analyzed, clinical specimens from 1346 HFMD cases were collected for enterovirus (EV) detection. Viral isolation was performed for EV nucleic acid positive samples. Complete VP1 encoding region of EV71 were sequenced and analyzed with Sequencher (version 5.0) and MEGA software (version 5.0). The epidemiology data showed that all 18 prefectures in Hainan had reporting cases during 2010, with higher incidence in the northeast; and the children less than 4 years old accounted for the majority of the suffered; the epidemic reached peak during September to October, which was different from other Provinces in China. The laboratory results indicated that EV71 and CA16 were identified as the major causative pathogens in Hainan in 2010, however, EV71 infection was absolutely dominant among severe and fatal cases. In addition, some HFMD cases were identified associated with other serotypes of EV infections. Molecular epidemiological analysis showed that all the EV71 strains belonged to C4a evolutionary branch, which is the dominant evolutionary branch in China in recent years, and at least three transmission chains existed. This study has an important information in clarifying the characteristics of epidemics and transmission of HFMD in Hainan, and to provide the guidance for HFMD prevention and control in the future.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Capsid Proteins , Genetics , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Enterovirus A, Human , Classification , Genetics , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Epidemiology , Virology , Phylogeny , Seasons
20.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-318021

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Modeling HAdV-3 infect Hep-2 cells in vitro. The effect of realgar nanoparticles on the expression of HAdV-3 is detected by using fluorescent quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experiment is divided into four groups: Hep-2 cells control group, HAdV-3 virus control group, realgar nanoparticle group and ribavirin group. In order to detect HAdV-3 viral load, add realgar nanoparticles and ribavirin in vitro and remain that vitro for 24 hours when HAdV-3 has infected Hep-2 cells, extract total DNA of Hep-2 cells infected by HAdV-3, and establish Real-time PCR reaction system of every experimental groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The Hep-2 cells group has no amplification curve, the Ct value is greater than 35, which illustrate HAdV-3 pathogen detection is negative. However, realgar nanoparticles group, ribavirin group and the HAdV-3 group have amplification curve, the Ct values are 29.30 +/- 0.08, 33.05 +/- 1.29, 26.01 +/- 0.25 respectively, which illustrate HAdV-3 pathogen detection is positive. The viral copy amount of the adenovirus group(66 699 932 +/- 23.85) is more than that of realgar nanoparticles group (912 435.44 +/- 16.57), and much greater than that of ribavirin group (459 124.84 +/- 12.82) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The model of Hep-2 cell infected by HAdV-3 is reliable. The method of quantitative PCR is sensitive and specific. Realgar nanoparticles have a certain inhibition role for adenovirus nucleic acid replication.</p>


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoviridae Infections , Virology , Adenoviruses, Human , Genetics , Physiology , Arsenicals , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral , Hep G2 Cells , Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Sulfides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Virus Replication
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