Long-term Survivals, Toxicities and the Role of Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Retrospective Study with 15-Year Follow-up / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#This study was aimed to investigate long-term survivals and toxicities of early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic area, evaluating the role of chemotherapy in stage II patients. @*Materials and Methods@#Totally 187 patients with newly diagnosed NPC and restaged American Joint Committee on Cancer/ International Union Against Cancer 8th T1-2N0-1M0 were retrospectively recruited. All received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)±chemotherapy (CT) from 2001 to 2010. @*Results@#With 15.7-year median follow-up, 10-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were 93.3%, 93.5%, 92.9% and 88.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed cervical lymph nodes positive and pre-treatment prognostic nutritional index ≥ 52.0 could independently predict DMFS (p=0.036 and p=0.011), DSS (p=0.014 and p=0.026), and OS (p=0.002 and p 45 years (p=0.002) and pre-treatment lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 240 U/L (p 0.05). Unsurprising, patients in IMRT+CT had more acute gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppression, mucositis, late ear toxicity, and cranial nerve injury (all p < 0.05) than IMRT alone group. @*Conclusion@#Superior tumor control and satisfying long-term outcomes could be achieved with IMRT in early-stage NPC with mild late toxicities. As CT would bring more toxicities, it should be carefully performed to stage II patients.

Efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combined with SpyGlass system in treatment of acute cholecystitis secondary to choledocholithiasis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)+SpyGlass system versus percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD)+ERCP in the treatment of acute cholecystitis secondary to choledocholithiasis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the patients with acute cholecystitis secondary to choledocholithiasis who were treated in Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin City People's Hospital, from December 2019 to September 2021, among whom there were 23 patients in the ERCP+SpyGlass group and 19 patients in the PTGD+ERCP group. The two groups were compared in terms of the indicators such as surgical technical success, surgical operation time, surgical clinical success, postoperative recovery, length of hospital stay, and complications. The two-independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi- square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results Compared with the PTGD+ERCP group, the ERCP+SpyGlass group had a significant reduction in C-reactive protein after surgery ( Z =2.999, P =0.003). There were no significant differences between the two groups in technical success rate ( χ 2 =1.735, P =0.188), clinical success rate ( χ 2 =0.846, P =0.358), total time of operation ( t =1.667, P = 0.113), white blood cell count on day 1 after surgery ( t =1.075, P = 0.289), length of postoperative hospital stay ( t =1.560, P =0.127), and incidence rate of complications (all P > 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of acute cholecystitis secondary to choledocholithiasis, the ERCP+SpyGlass system has a comparable clinical effect to PTGD+ERCP and is safe and effective, without increasing surgery-related adverse events and risks, and it can also solve the problems of the biliary tract and the gallbladder at one time through natural orifices, with no scars on body surface and convenient postoperative nursing. Therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

Clinical Efficacy of Maxingshigantang Enema in Treating Infants with Pneumonia and Asthma and Intervention Mechanism of Lung-intestine Microenvironment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Maxingshigantang enema in the treatment of infant viral pneumonia by comparing related indicators， and comprehensively evaluate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） enema on the intestinal microenvironment. MethodSixty infants with viral pneumonia were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. The dosage of enema drugs in high- （0.117 g·mL-1） and low-concentration （0.07 g·mL-1） TCM enema groups was same （3.5 g per time）， and the control group received normal saline enema， once a day for 7 days. Finally， the curative effect， total symptom score， salivary secretory immunoglobulin A （sIgA）， human beta defensin 2 （hBD2） and fecal calprotectin （CALP） of each group were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0， and the clinical efficacy of TCM enema in treating children with pneumonia and asthma was comprehensively evaluated. ResultThe curative effect of high-concentration TCM enema group （total effective rate 100%， χ2=7.059） was equivalent to that of low-concentration TCM enema group （total effective rate 95%， χ2=4.329）， higher than that of control group （total effective rate 70%） （P<0.017）. After treatment， compared with control group and low-concentration TCM enema group， high-concentration TCM enema group had higher total symptom score of children （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The proportion of coccobacillus was reduced in three groups， with high- and low-concentration TCM enema groups lower than control group （P<0.05）. The salivary sIgA concentration was increased in three groups （P<0.05）， with high-concentration TCM enema group higher than the other groups （P<0.01）. The hBD2 concentration was decreased in three groups， with high- and low-concentration TCM enema groups lower than control group （P<0.05）. The three groups reduced the fecal CALP concentration， and high-concentration TCM enema group had the highest reduction， followed by low-concentration TCM enema group （P<0.01）. ConclusionTCM enema outweighs western medicine in improving clinical symptoms， intestinal flora， and mucosal immune function， and reducing inflammation in children， and the high-concentration TCM enema group has better curative effect. Therefore， with easiness to operate， high compliance， and significant therapeutic effect， TCM enema is worthy of clinical promotion.

Advances in research on anticipatory grief of patient caregivers / 中国实用护理杂志

Anticipatory grief is the grief that an individual feels about the imminent loss, which can cause adverse effects on the patient ,s family, such as psychology, physiology, and behavior. In order to fully understand the research progress of anticipated grief in the patient ,s family, this article starts with expectations. The concept of anticipatory grief, measurement tools, influencing factors, intervention programs, and study population are reviewed in order to provide references for the domestic research on anticipatory grief of patients , families.

Influence of implementation of the Vaccine Management Law on immunization work / 上海预防医学

The Vaccine Management Law is the first one in China, which has milestone significance. This article interprets the background and significance of the Law and the requirements for vaccination clinics, analyzes and compares the terms of the Law with those of previous laws and regulations, and emphasizes that routine vaccination behaviors need to comply with the Law. Through the interpretation of the main content, the article makes it convenient for the vaccination staff to have a preliminary understanding of the Law, avoid the occurrence of illegal acts in the implementation of immunization, and ensure the safety, standardization and scientific implementation of vaccination services so as to guarantee and promote the public health.

Pneumonia vaccination followed by death due to Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case report / 上海预防医学

A case report of pneumonia vaccination followed by death due to Guillain-Barré syndrome was fully presented and discussed. The association between the vaccination and Guillain-Barré syndrome could not be completely ruled out; however, the diagnosis of coincidental event was preferred, which may provide a reference for future similar case investigation.

Enlightment of routine vaccination under the prevention and control of COVID-19 based on the circulating event of type Ⅲ vaccine-derived poliovirus in Shanghai / 中华预防医学杂志

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched by the World Health Assembly in 1988, significant progress has been made in global polio prevention and control. But the occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases and vaccine-derived poliovirus related cases have become a major challenge during the post-polio era. While coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has brought serious disease burden and economic burden to all countries in the world, prevention and control of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases such as polio should not be neglected under the background of the global common fight against COVID-19. Taking the type Ⅲ VDPV cycle event in Shanghai as an example, the paper discussed how to do a good job of routine inoculation under the prevention and control of COVID-19 to strictly prevent the outbreak of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases.

Surveillance of adverse events following immunization with measles-containing vaccines in Shanghai， 2011-2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the safety of measles-containing vaccines （MCV） in Shanghai city. Methods:Adverse event following immunization cases related to measles attenuated live vaccine （MV）， measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine （MR） and measles， mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine （MMR） vaccination in Shanghai during 2011—2018 were collected from the National AEFI Surveillance System for epidemiological analysis. Results:A total of 15 055 MVC-related AEFI cases were reported， for an incidence of 139.74 per 100 000 doses. Among all MVC-related AEFI cases， the male to female ratio was 1.17∶1， and 12 068 （111.70 per 100 000 doses） were common reactions， with 1 050 from MV（64.66 per 100 000）， 5 484 from MR（134.36 per 100 000）and 5 534 from MMR（108.60 per 100 000. Most of common reactions were fever （96.01 per 100 000）， but 2 939 （27.20 per 100 000） were rare reactions， with 408 from MV （25.12 per 100 000）， 1 983 from MR （48.59 per 100 000） and 548 from MMR （10.75 per 100 000）. Most of rare reactions were allergic rash （25.00 per 100 000）. Conclusion:MCV has a good safety profile but we should continue to strengthen MCV-related AEFI surveillance.

Study on potential hepatotoxicity of main monomers of Polygonum multiflorum based on liver micro-tissue / 中国中药杂志

In this study, we aimed to establish a rat liver micro-tissue evaluation system to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of the main monomers in Polygonum multiflorum. Rat primary hepatocytes were isolated and purified by two-step in situ perfusion method to prepare hepatic parenchymal cells. The ultra-low adsorption plate and the inverted model were used to establish an in vitro hepatotoxicity evaluation system. After the system was established, the main monomer components(monanthone with emodin type, rhein, emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, physcion) of P. multiflorum were selected for in vitro hepatotoxicity evaluation. This study showed that the primary cells of the liver can form liver micro-tissues in the low adsorption plate method and the mold perfusion method, with good liver structure and function, which can be used to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of the drug to be tested after long-term administration. The five monomers to be tested in P. multiflorum can significantly affect the proliferation of primary liver micro-tissues in rats in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The hepatotoxic effects were as follows: monanthone with emodin type > rhein > emodin > emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside > physcion. The results suggested that the emodin-type monoterpene and rhein might be the potential hepatotoxic components, while the metabolites of emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and emodin methyl ether showed more toxic risks. The rat primary hepatocyte micro-tissue model system established in this experiment could be used to achieve long-term drug administration in vitro, which was consistent with the clinical features of liver injury caused by long-term use of P. multiflorum. The experimental results provided important information and reference on the clinical application and toxic component of P. multiflorum.

Biological characteristics of wild Angelica sinensis seed / 中国中药杂志

Wild Angelica sinensis is almost endangered, studying the biological characteristics of wild A. sinensis seeds is helpful for varietal improvement and its conservation. This paper systematically studied the morphological structure, thousand seed weight, viability, storage and other basic biological characteristics of wild A. sinensis fruits and seeds, and focused on the germination of excised embryos,the development of embryo, the effects of the temperature,light and hormones on seed germination.The study found that:①The embryos are not fully developed when harvested, the initial germination rate was low, the embryos can develop. After 15 days of low temperature storage, the embryos can develop completely and the germination rate is significantly increased. These results show that wild A. sinensis seeds have no dormancy, and the low germination rate is due to the low maturity of wild A. sinensis seeds. ②The sui-table germination temperature of wild A. sinensis is 15-25 ℃,and the optimal temperature is 20 ℃. Light does not affect the germination of A. sinensis seeds.③The applicable concentration of GA_3 can promote seeds germination, IAA and 6-BA has no significant effect on germination.④The optimum storage condition is dry storage at 4 ℃. Wild A. sinensis seeds can be stored for 1.5 years and cultivated seeds can be stored for 1 year.During the introduction and conservation, the best treatment conditions were dry storage at 4 ℃ for 30 d and soaking seeds with 200 mg·L~(-1) GA_3, the germination rate can reach 86.7%.

Prediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula using a nomogram based on the updated definition

PURPOSE: The International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula's definition of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) has recently been updated. This study aimed to identify risk factors for POPF in patients having pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to generate a nomogram to predict POPF.METHODS: Data on 298 patients who underwent PD from March 2012 to October 2017 was retrospectively reviewed and POPF statuses were redefined. A nomogram was constructed using data from 220 patients and validated using the remaining 78 patients. Independent risk factors for POPF were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. A predictive nomogram was established based on the independent risk factors and was compared with existing models.RESULTS: Texture of the pancreas, size of the main pancreatic duct, portal vein invasion, and definitive pathology were the identified risk factors. The nomogram had a C-index of 0.793 and was internally validated. The nomogram performed better (C-index of 0.816) than the other most cited models (C-indexes of 0.728 and 0.735) in the validation cohort. In addition, the nomogram can assign patients into low- (less than 10%), intermediate- (10% to 30%), and high-risk (equal or higher than 30%) groups to facilitate personalized management.CONCLUSION: The nomogram accurately predicted POPF in patients having PD.

The feasibility of cerebral CT angiography in investigating vascular dilatation of the anterior choroidal and posterior communicating artery in Moyamoya syndrome / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of CT angiography (CTA) in investigating vascular dilatation of anterior choroidal artery (AChA) and posterior communicating artery (PComA) in patients with Moyamoya syndrome (MMS).Methods:From July 2017 to July 2018, the clinical and imaging data of MMS patients with brain CTA and DSA performed were analyzed retrospectively. According to DSA results, 71 MMS patients were divided into unilateral MMS group (20 cases, 20 hemispheres) and bilateral MMS group (51 cases, 102 hemispheres). There were 20 cases in unilateral MMS group, 10 males and 10 females, with an average age of (45±9) years; 51 cases in bilateral MMS group, 24 males and 27 females, with an average age of (44±12) years. The hemispheres were divided into dilated group and non-dilated group according to the dilatation of AChA or PComA. Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the consistency of two inspection methods to judge the expansion of AChA. The lumen diameters of PComA, P1 and P2 segments of posterior cerebral artery were measured on CTA images, and the ratio of PComA/P1 and PComA/P2 were calculated. The repeatability of CTA measures was evaluated by intra-group correlation coefficient. Independent sample t-test was used to compare CTA measurement results between PComA dilated group and non-dilated group, and ROC curve was drawn to calculate the best threshold for diagnosis of PComA expansion. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CTA measures were calculated. Results:The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CTA diagnosis of AChA expansion inunilateral MMS were all 100.00%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CTA diagnosis of AChA expansionin bilateral MMS were 90.00%, 93.90%, 93.14%, 78.26% and 97.47%. Compared with DSA, there was no significant difference in the diagnostic performance of AChA expansion between single and bilateral MMS diagnosed by CTA ( P>0.05). The two methods had strong consistency (Kappa value was 1.00 and 0.79 respectively, P<0.01). A total of 46 patients (69 cerebral hemispheres) were included in the evaluation of PComA. PComA/P1 (1.09±0.41) and PComA/P2 (0.86±0.13) in the dilated group were significantly higher than those in the non-dilated group (0.71±0.21 for PComA/P1 and 0.75±0.23 for PComA/P2). The differences were statistically significant ( t=-4.59, -2.50, P<0.05). The best threshold in diagnosing PComA expansion was 0.87 (PComA/P1) and 0.76 (PComA/P2), and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 84.62%, 83.33%, 84.06%, 86.84%, 80.65% and 79.49%, 60.00%, 71.01%, 72.09% and 69.23%, respectively. Compared with DSA, the Kappa value of CTA measures in diagnosis of PComA expansion was 0.68 (PComA/P1) and 0.40 (PComA/P2), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CTA has a strong consistency with DSA in evaluating the AChA expansion in MMS. When the PComA/P1 ratio on CTA is greater than 0.87, it can be used as the diagnosis criterion for PComA expansion.

Relationship between testicular torsion and seasonal changes in adolescence / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between testicular torsion in adolescence and seasonal temperature changes.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 28 children with testicular torsion diagnosed surgically at Wuhan Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June 2009 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Seasons and temperatures at the onset of the disease in the area were recorded based on hospital information and China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network.According to the seasons of onset, 28 children were divided into spring group, summer group, autumn group and winter group.@*Results@#The average age of 28 cases was 13.0 years (10.4-17.0 years). The duration of the disease was 1-4 days [(1.0±0.4) days]. Testicular torsion was found in 17 cases (60.7%) on the right side and 11 cases (39.3%) on the left side.Six patients (21.4%) underwent testicular reduction and bilateral testicular fixation, 22 patients (78.6%) underwent torsional orchiectomy plus contralateral testicular fixation.Testicular torsion was observed in 16 patients (57.1%) during the 3 months from December to February when the median temperature of onset was 1.3 ℃ (-2.1-5.6 ℃). Testicular torsion was observed in 6 patients (21.4%) during the 3 months of spring (March to May) when the median temperature was 9.4 ℃ (6.5-12.1 ℃). During the 3 months of summer (June to August), testicular torsion was observed in 2 patients (7.1%) when the median temperature was 21.8 ℃ (19.0-26.5 ℃). Testicular torsion was observed in 4 patients (14.4%) during the 3 months of autumn (September to November) when the median temperature was 11.1 ℃ (8.0-13.2 ℃). The incidence of testicular torsion in different seasons was significantly different (χ2=3.270, P=0.011). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the incidence of testicular torsion in adolescence was significantly negatively correlated with the season (winter) (r=-1.000, P=0.026).@*Conclusions@#Testicular torsion in children tends to be seasonal, and acute testicular torsion is more likely to occur in cold seasons.

In vitro study of histocompatibility and clearance of hemoperfusion adsorbents / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the histocompatibility and clearance of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite of activated charcoal and adsorption resin by in vitro study.@*Methods@#Venous blood from volunteers were incubation with activated charcoal or adsorbent resins, cytometry parameters and plasma components were detected for evaluation the histocompatibility of adsorbents. Venous blood from volunteers mixed with chlorpyrifos and its metabolite were incubation with activated charcoal or adsorbent resins, plasma concentration of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite were detected for evaluation the efficacy of adsorbents.@*Results@#Incubation tests show that the absorbents reduce the blood platelet (F=3.671, P<0.05) , serum glucose (F=10.564, P<0.05) , albumin (F=5.239, P<0.05) , uric acid (F=7.175, P<0.05) , creatinine (F=23.673, P<0.05) , T3 (F=11.161, P<0.05) and free T3 (F=10.256, P<0.05) . However, other cytometry parameters and plasma components were not influenced. Both activated charcoal and adsorbent resins could reduce the plasma concentration of chlorpyrifos (F=798.110, P<0.01) and its metabolite (F=1495.212, P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#In vitro test show that both activated charcoal and adsorbent resins could clear chlorpyrifos and its metabolite, however, could not influence main cytometry parameters and plasma components, the histocompatibility of adsorbents are satisfactory.

Relationship between testicular torsion and seasonal changes in adolescence / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between testicular torsion in adolescence and seasonal temperature changes.Methods The clinical data of 28 children with testicular torsion diagnosed surgically at Wuhan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June 2009 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Seasons and temperatures at the onset of the disease in the area were recorded based on hospital information and China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network.According to the seasons of onset,28 children were divided into spring group,summer group,autumn group and winter group.Results The average age of 28 cases was 13.0 years (10.4-17.0 years).The duration of the disease was 1-4 days [(1.0 ± 0.4) days].Testicular torsion was found in 17 cases (60.7％) on the right side and 11 cases (39.3％) on the left side.Six patients (21.4％) underwent testicular reduction and bilateral testicular fixation,22 patients (78.6％) underwent torsional orchiectomy plus contralateral testicular fixation.Testicular torsion was observed in 16 patients (57.1％) during the 3 months from December to February when the median temperature of onset was 1.3 ℃ (-2.1-5.6 ℃).Testicular torsion was observed in 6 patients (21.4％) during the 3 months of spring (March to May) when the median temperature was 9.4 ℃ (6.5-12.1 ℃).During the 3 months of summer (June to August),testicular torsion was observed in 2 patients (7.1％) when the median temperature was 21.8 ℃ (19.0-26.5 ℃).Testicular torsion was observed in 4 patients (14.4％) during the 3 months of autumn (September to November) when the median temperature was 11.1 ℃ (8.0-13.2 ℃).The incidence of testicular torsion in different seasons was significantly different (x2 =3.270,P =0.011).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the incidence of testicular torsion in adolescence was significantly negatively correlated with the season (winter) (r =-1.000,P =0.026).Conclusions Testicular torsion in children tends to be seasonal,and acute testicular torsion is more likely to occur in cold seasons.

Duplicated Internal Auditory Canal: High-Resolution CT and MRI Findings

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) features of duplicated internal auditory canals (DIACs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ear HRCT data of 64813 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), obtained between August 2009 and November 2017, were reviewed. Among these patients, 12 (13 ears) were found to have DIACs, 9 of whom underwent HRMRI. Their images were evaluated by two otoradiologists. RESULTS: The rate of occurrence of DIAC among SNHL patients was 0.019% (12/64813). The internal auditory canals of 13 ears were divided into double canals by complete (n = 6) and incomplete (n = 7) bony septa, with varied orientations ranging from horizontal to approximately vertical. All of the anterosuperior canals extended into the facial nerve (FN) canal, except for 1, which also extended to the vestibule. The posteroinferior canals ended in the cochlea and vestibule, except for 2, which also connected to the FN canals. Magnetic resonance images revealed that 77.8% (7/9) and 22.2% (2/9) of vestibulocochlear nerves (VCNs) were aplastic and hypoplastic, respectively. Furthermore, 88.9% (8/9) of FNs were normal, except for 1, which was hypoplastic. All of the affected ears also had other ear anomalies: a narrow, bony cochlear nerve canal was the most common other anomaly, accounting for 92.3% (12/13). Malformations of other systems were not found. CONCLUSION: Double-canal appearance is a characteristic finding of DIAC on HRCT, and it is usually accompanied by other ear anomalies. The VCN usually appears aplastic, with a normal FN, on HRMRI.

Construction of the student-centered classroom teaching practice of at the background of "Internet Plus" / 中国针灸

is the course of strong operation skills in science of acupuncture and moxibustion. In classroom teaching, on the basis of "Internet Plus", a "student centered" teaching idea was constructed. The "Internet Plus" education information technology was used rationally, the self-learning ability and explorative learning were guided. In teaching, the "We Media" resource construction, learning assessment and achievement sharing were carried out to ensure the active participation of teachers in teaching reform, encourage students to learn initiatively and improve the teaching quality.

Population characteristics and threatened of wild Angelica sinensis in Gansu province / 中国中药杂志

The study aims to investigate spatial distribution pattern and age structure of wild Angelica sinensis in Gansu province.Ten plots each with an area of 100 m2 were set and the spatial coordinates of all wild A. sinensis individuals were measured within each plot. Based on plant individual mapping data,we explored the spatial distribution pattern and its differences between different life history stages of wild A. sinensis in Gansu province by using nearest neighbor distance statistics. Correlation analysis were carried out to explore the relationship between spatial aggregation degree and topographic factors. We also distinguished individuals to three life history stages( i.e. seedlings,adults and boltings) and then test the differences among/between them using nonparametric test.(1)We found that the dominant spatial distribution pattern of wild A. sinensis population in Gansu was aggregated distribution. There was no significant correlation between spatial aggregation degree of wild A. sinensis and altitude,slope and aspect. There was no significant difference between the average distance from seedlings to their nearest bolting individuals; the average distance from adult individuals to their nearest seedlings was significantly larger than the average distance from adult individuals to their nearest adult individuals; and the average distance from bolting individuals to their nearest adult individuals was significantly smaller than the average distance from bolting individuals to their nearest bolting individuals.(2)The age structure was showed as a declining population,characterized by less seedlings and bolting individuals,while more adult individuals within population. The population characteristics of wild A. sinensis,characterized by aggregated distribution pattern and senescent type of age structure,are disadvantage to its population development. The factors,such as habitat specialization,human activities and intraspecific competition,which shapes the current population characteristics,may increase the threatened status of wild A. sinensis. We suggest to strengthen the protection of wild A. sinensis.

Bilateral atlantoaxial lamina hook and atlantoaxial joint space screw for the treatment of acute type I transverse ligament injury in school-age children / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of bilateral atlantoaxial lamina hook and atlantoaxial joint space screw combined with autologous iliac bone graft on atlantoaxial dislocation caused by acute type I transverse ligament injury in school-age children.@*METHODS@#From February 2006 to February 2019, 8 school-age children with atlantoaxial dislocation caused by acute type I transverse ligament injury were systematically reviewed, including 6 males and 2 females; aged 9 to 12 years old; 8 acute injuries included 4 high-level falls, 2 car accidents and 2 sports injuries; the atlantoaxial interval(ADI) was 5 to 8 mm. Eight cases presented with pain, stiffness, numbness and cervical spine dysfunction in different degrees. Two of them were accompanied by nerve compression and ASIA grade D. The preoperative C₁,₂ angle averaged 20.7° to 23.4°. All patients received cranial traction and surgical treatment after complete reduction or atlantoaxial reduction. The changes of Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score, space available for the cord(SAC), neck disability index(NDI), ADI, ASIA classification(ASIA) injury classification(1992) and C₁,₂ angle before and after treatment were observed.@*RESULTS@#The average follow-up time was 8 to 156 months. Clinical and radiological follow-up showed that the atlantoaxial joint was completely relieved, the reduction was satisfactory and the arthrodesis was stable. Nerve and vascular injuries associated with this technique were not observed. JOA score, SAC, NDI, C₁,₂ angle of the last follow-up of the children were significantly improved. Two children of ASIA grade D recovered to grade E.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Bilateral atlantoaxial lamina hook and atlantoaxial joint space screw combined with autologous iliac bone graft is simple, less bleeding, strong stability and high fusion rate. It is an ideal surgical procedure for acute type I transverse ligament injury with atlantoaxial dislocation in school-age children.

Simultaneous determination of 12 rodenticides in whole blood and urine samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandemmass spectrometry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To develop a method for Simultaneous and rapid determination of 12 rodenticides including pindone, vacor, coumatetralyl, warfarin, diphacinone, coumachlor, chlorphacinon, difenacoum, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difethialone and flocoumafen in whole blood and urine samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass (LC-MS-MS) .@*Methods@#The whole blood samples were precipitated with acetonitrile, purified by OstroTM 96-well plate, The urine samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and then separated on a ODS column, analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) . The external standard calibration were tested.@*Results@#A good linearity was observed in their respective concentration ranges of 12 rodenticides. The related coefficients were 0.993 0~0.999 8. The limit of detections were 0.05 μg/L~1.4 μg/L. The rates of recovery were 92.5%~118.0%. The relative standard deviations were between 0.8%~17.3%.@*Conclusion@#The method was simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and suitable for simultaneous detection of the 12 rodenticides in whole blood and urine samples of intoxicated patients.