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BACKGROUND:Observational studies have suggested that statin drugs may have a protective effect on bone density,making them a potential treatment option for osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the causal relationship between drug target-mediated lipid phenotypes and bone mineral density(BMD)using Mendelian randomization methods. METHODS:We obtained single nucleotide polymorphismsrelated to statin drugs and BMD data from the IEU Open GWAS database.The primary analysis method was the inverse variance weighted method,and we also used weighted median,simple median,weighted mode,and MR-Egger regression.We usedβ values and 95%confidence intervals(CI)to assess the causal relationship between statin drugs and BMD.Additionally,we conducted sensitivity analyses to validate the results,assessed heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test,examined for horizontal pleiotropy using the MR-Egger intercept test,and performed leave-one-out analyses to determine if individual or multiplesingle nucleotide polymorphism influenced the results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was a significant association between the statin target of action,3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase-mediated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and heel bone BMD(β=-0.086,95%CI:-0.117 to-0.055,P=5.42×10-8)and whole-body BMD(β=-0.193,95%CI:-0.288 to-0.098,P=7.35×10-5).The findings of this study support the protective effect of statin drugs on BMD.These findings not only deepen our understanding of the relationship between cholesterol-related genes and bone health but also reveal potential therapeutic targets for improving BMD.
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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound cyclo plasty(UCP)in the treatment of glaucoma and to investigate related influencing factors.METHODS: The study involved a total of 110 patients(134 eyes)who received UCP treatment between January 2019 and January 2022 at three medical centers: Tianjin Eye Aier Eye Hospital, Chongqing Aier Eye Hospital, and Chongqing Nanping Aier Eye Hospital. Patients were classified into three categories: primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and the usage of anti-glaucoma medications, etc., were recorded at 6 and 12 mo postoperatively.RESULTS: After 6 months of the UCP procedure, statistically significant differences in intraocular pressure were observed across all groups(all P<0.05). At 12 mo postoperatively, intraocular pressure of the primary angle-closure and primary open-angle glaucoma groups showed differences(all P<0.05). Notably, there were no significant changes in visual acuity at either the 6 or 12 mo compared to preoperative values across all patient groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, the study identified a statistically significant correlation between the changes in intraocular pressure at 6 mo and factors such as age, history of previous glaucoma surgery, baseline white-to-white(corneal diameter), and the extent of UCP treatment(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The UCP procedure has been demonstrated to effectively lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. The efficacy appears to be influenced by variables including patient age, previous glaucoma surgery history, baseline white-to-white(corneal diameter), and the scope of UCP treatment. Importantly, UCP treatment did not adversely affect visual acuity, underscoring its favorable safety profile.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between the level of anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) in serum and ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:The clinical data of 88 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) admitted to Jiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2022 and 50 women of the same age who underwent physical examination during the same period (normal control group) were collected retrospectively. The patients in the PCOS group were divided into two subgroups according to the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) evaluated by the steady-state model. Among them, patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.69 were divided into the insulin resistance subgroup (PCOS-IR subgroup, 50 cases), and patients with HOMA-IR<2.69 were divided into the non-insulin resistance subgroup (PCOS-NIR subgroup, 38 cases). The level of AMH were measured by electrochemiluminescence, and ovarian interstitial blood flow indicators, including peak blood flow velocity (PSV), pulsation index (PI), and resistance index (RI) were monitored. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between serum AMH and insulin resistance and ovarian interstitial blood flow. Meanwhile, Logistic linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with PCOS.Results:The levels of AMH, HOMA-IR and PSV in the PCOS group were higher than those in the normal control group: (2.13 ± 0.84) μg/L vs. (0.84 ± 0.29) μg/L, 4.6(2.0, 8.4) vs. 1.8(0.5, 3.9), (10.05 ± 1.52) cm/s vs.(6.78 ± 0.89) cm/s; the PI and RI in the PCOS group were lower than those in the control group: (1.14 ± 0.26)% vs. (2.01 ± 0.53)%, (0.37 ± 0.18)% vs. (0.85 ± 0.33)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The levels of AMH, HOMA-IR and PSV in the PCOS-IR subgroup were higher than those in the PCOS-NIR subgroup: (2.68 ± 0.81) μg/L vs. (1.59 ± 0.43) μg/L, (10.74 ± 2.32) cm/s vs. (7.93 ± 1.90) cm/s, 7.2(3.1, 15.8) vs. 2.1(0.6, 5.3); the PI and RI in the PCOS-IR subgroup were lower than those in the PCOS-NIR subgroup: (0.88 ± 0.35)% vs. (1.52 ± 0.50)%, (0.29 ± 0.04)% vs. (0.51 ± 0.05)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of AMH were positively correlated with PSV and HOMA-IR ( r = 0.694 and 0.540, P<0.05), but negatively correlated with PI and RI( r = - 0.687 and - 0.692, P<0.05). Logistic linear regression model analysis showed that AMH and HOMA-IR were risk factors for ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with PCOS( P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum AMH level in patients with PCOS is abnormally high and increases with insulin resistance. At the same time, the imbalance of AMH expression plays an important role in the increase of abnormal ovarian interstitial blood flow.
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AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of glx351322, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX4), on the formation of tumor associated fibroblasts (CAFs). METHODS: NIH3T3 cells were co-cultured with H22 cells. 5 μm (IC50) GLX351322 cells were pretreated with NIH3T3. After PI staining, flow cytometry was used to detect the change of cell cycle, immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of CAFs markers α-SMA and FAP, Western blot was used to detect the expression of CAFs markers α-SMA, Desmin, FAP, TSP-1, FSP, CyclinD, TGF-β1 and Smad1.After H22 was used to construct tumor bearing mice model, GLX351322 was used for treatment,Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of α-SMA and CAFs in tumor tissue. RESULTS:GLX351322 pretreatment could inhibit the proliferation of NIH3T3, decrease cell viability and change cell cycle. At the same time, it could down-regulate the expression of α-SMA, desmin, FAP, TSP-1, FSP, CyclinD, and TGF-β signal was inhibited. GLX351322 also significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA and CAFs markers in tumor mice. CONCLUSION: GLX351322, a NOX4 inhibitor, can inhibit the formation of tumor-related fibroblasts, which is related to the inhibition of TGF-β signal.
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OBJECTIVE@#To identify mitochondrial gene variants associated with statin-induced myalgia in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CHD).@*METHODS@#This study was conducted in a cohort of 403 patients with CHD receiving rosuvastatin therapy, among whom 341 patients had complete follow-up data concerning myalgia and 389 patients had documented measurements of plasma creatine kinase (CK) level. All these patients underwent genetic analysis using GSA chip for detecting mitochondria gene variants associated with myalgia. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between 69 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and myopathy in 341 patients. The impact of these mutation sites on CK levels in 389 patients was evaluated by linear regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#G12630A variant was identified to correlate with an increased risk of myalgia in CHD patients (OR: 8.689, 95% @*CONCLUSIONS@#Mitochondrial G12630A variation is associated with statin-induced myalgia in patients with CHD, indicating the necessity of different treatment strategies for patients who carry this risk allele.
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Humans , China , Coronary Artery Disease/genetics , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Mitochondria , Myalgia , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis value of ultrasound elastography in Hashimoto's thyroiditis with benign and malignant nodules. Methods From January 2013 to December 2015, 21 patients (25 nodules) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and malignant nodules and 52 patients(76 nodules) with benign nodules in Jiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were studied. All nodules were detected by color Doppler ultrasound and ultrasound elastography. Results The proportion of boundaries clear,morphological rules,non-low-echo,no calcification or coarse calcifications,RI value <0. 70,blood flow grade 0 -Ⅰin patients with malignant nodules(32. 0%,24. 0%,12. 0%,40. 0%,32. 0%,24. 0%) were lower than those of the benign group(80. 3%, 51. 3%,47. 4%,97. 4%,60. 5%,51. 3%)(χ2 =20. 245,5. 682,9. 928,44. 228,6. 153,5. 682,P=0. 000,0. 017, 0. 002,0. 000,0. 013,0. 017). The sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis with malignant and benign nodules were 68. 0%, 75. 0% and 73. 2%,respectively. The ultrasound elastography ≥Ⅲ grade level was as the predictor of malignant nodules, the sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound elastography in diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis with benign and malignant nodules were 88. 0%,69. 7% and 74. 3%,respectively. The ultrasound elastography strain rate ratio=5. 13 was the cut-off point,the ultrasound elastography strain rate ratio in diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis with benign and malignant nodules,the sensitivity was 76. 0%,the specificity was 92. 1%,the diagnostic accuracy was 88. 1%. Conclusion Ultrasound elastography grading and ultrasound elastography strain rate have certain value in the differential diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with malignant and benign nodule.
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Objective@#To learn the status of knowledge,attitude and behaviors of road traffic safety in primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou. @*Methods@#The students of fourth to seventh grade from seven schools in Xiacheng District were selected and surveyed for their knowledge,attitude and behaviors of road traffic safety by self-designed questionnaires. @*Results@#Totally 4 006(99.98%)students completed the survey,who mostly had awareness rates of over 90% in knowledge about safe behaviors when walking,walking across the road and riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle. The awareness rates of"should not run across the road","should not ride side by side"and"should not ride on the motorway"were relatively low,which were 81.65%,85.72% and 82.78%,respectively. About 68.47% of students thought it necessary to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle,72.22% of students thought it necessary to wear seatbelt or use child safety seat when taking a car. The two rates were significantly higher in girls than boys and in primary school students than secondary school students(P<0.05). The top three unsafe behaviors the students did in the past six months were"not wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle","run across the road"and"ride on the motorway",the rates of which were 86.84%,10.06% and 7.91%,respectively. @*Conclusion@#The knowledge of road traffic safety among primary and middle school students in Xiacheng District is mastered well. Interventions should be focused on unsafe behaviors including not wearing a helmet when cycling,riding on the motorway and running cross the road.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of paeonol on Wnt and BMP/Smad pathway in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) model mice,and to investigate prevention and treatment mechanism of paeonol for AS. METHODS:40 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,sulfasalazine group(positive control,9 mg/kg)and paeonol group(3 mg/kg),with 10 mice in each group. In addition to the normal group,Freund's adjuvant and proteoglycan were used to establish AS model in each group. After modeling,mice in each administration group were given relevant medicine intragastrically;normal group and model group were given constant volume of distilled water intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 20 d. After last administration, the mice were killed,TEM was used to observe the ultrastructural pathologic change of synovial cells in articulationes sacroiliaca. The serum contents of TNF-α and DKK-1 were determined by ELISA,and the mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial tissue were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,serum content of TNF-α in model group was increased significantly,while serum content of DKK-1 was decreased significantly;mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial tissue were increased significantly,with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Under the electron microscope,the synoviocytes of mice in model group were proliferated and arranged in disorder,and the secretory activity of active organelles were hyperactivity and the gap among cells became widened. Compared with model group, serum content of TNF-α in sulfasalazine group and paeonol group were decreased significantly;serum content of DKK-1 was increased significantly and mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial tissue were decreased significantly in paeonol group,with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Electron microscopy showed that mitochondria,lysosome and rough endoplasmic reticulum structure of synovial cell were improved significantly in paeonol group. CONCLUSIONS:The mechanism prevention and treatment of paeonol on AS may be associated with reducing serum content of TNF-α,increasing serum content of DKK-1,down-regulating mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial cells,inhibiting Wnt and BMP/Smad ossification related signal transduction pathway and reversing osteogenic differentiation of synovial cells.
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Objective To explore the clinical effects of modified pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps(PMMFs) in repairing postoperative defects following head and neck malignant tumor radical operation.Methods Twenty-eight patients with surgical defects after head and neck malignant tumor operation in this hospital from September 2013 to January 2017 were selected and performed the repairing reconstruction by modified PMMFs,then observed and followed up for the survival of the flaps.Results All 28 cases were followed-up for 3-36 months,all modified PMMFs survived.Using modified PMMFs to repair surgical defects following head and neck malignant tumor operation had the advantages of high survival rate and less trauma;meanwhile the swallow and language function could obtain the maximal recovery.Conclusion Using modified PMMFs to repair surgical defects following head and neck malignant tumor operation has good clinical curative effect and is worth clinical application.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the characteristics of X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and the expression level of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)and human epithelial factor receptor 2(HER2)in breast cancer patients.Methods 108 cases of breast cancer patients in the first 74 Hospital of the PLA from January 2013 to Janu-ary 2017 were selected as the research object.Clinical,pathological and imaging data of patients were collected.All patients were ex-amined by X-ray and MRI after admission.The expressions of ER,PR and HER2 in cancer cells were detected by immunohisto-chemical staining.Results The expression of ER,PR and HER2 was positive in 73 cases(67.59%),63 cases(58.33%)and 43 ca-ses(39.81%),respectively.The positive rate of HER2 in patients with calcification was higher than that in patients without calcifi-cation(P<0.05).The positive rate of PR in patients with calcification along the duct was lower than that in patients of whom the calcification was not along the duct,and the positive rate of PR in patients with glandular or mixed density was higher than that in patients with structural disorder(P< 0.05).The positive rate of ER was higher in patients with calcification,mass,spiculation signs,glandular or mixed density(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rate of HER2 between patients with different shapes and different enhancement modes(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference in the positive rate of PR be-tween patients with different enhancement modes(P<0.05).Calcification displayed by X-ray mammography was positively corre-lated with HER2,calcification along the duct was negatively correlated with the expression of PR,calcification with mass was posi-tively correlated with ER and negatively correlated with PR,spiculation sign was positively correlated with ER,and structural disor-der was negatively correlated with ER and PR.Mass type and inhomogeneous enhancement of MRI signs were negatively correlated with HER2,irregular shape was positively correlated with HER2,and inhomogeneous enhancement was positively correlated with PR (r = 0 .363 ,- 0 .375 ,0 .368 ,- 0 .326 ,0 .426 ,- 0 .489 ,- 0 .373 ,- 0 .468 ,- 0 .403 ,0 .391 ,0 .425 ;P < 0 .05) .Conclusion There is a correlation of signs of X‐ray mammography and MRI signs with the expression of ER ,PR and HER2 .Imaging changes can predict the expression of some biological factors of breast cancer ,which is related to hormones ,chemotherapy sensitivity and the prognosis of patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng formula on the contents of tumor necrosis fac-tor α(TNF-α)and ossification-related factor DKK-1 in serum of model mice with arthritis,and reveal its mechanism in the treat-ment of arthritis. METHODS:60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,sulfasalazine group(posi-tive control,9 mg/kg) and Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng formula low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (calculated by crude drug as 11.25,22.5,45 g/kg),10 in each group. Except for normal group,other 50 mice were intraperitoneallly injected complete Freund's adjuvant + proteoglycans to induce model with arthritis. After modeling,mice in each administration group were intragastrically administrated relevant medicines,mice in normal group and model group were intragastrically administrated equal volume of normal saline,once a day,for 20 d. After administration,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the contents of TNF-αand DKK-1 in serum of mice in each group,and ultrastructural changes of sacroiliac joint synovial cells were ob-served by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,TNF-α content in serum in model group was obviously increased,DKK-1 content was obviously decreased (P<0.05);sacroiliac joint synovial cells showed hyperplasia, organellar deformation,mitochondrial swelling and other pathologic damage. Compared with model group,TNF-α contents in se-rum in each administration group were obviously decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);except for sulfasalazine group,the DKK-1 con-tent of mice in other administration groups were obviously increased (P<0.05). Pathologic damages of sacroiliac joint synovial cells in each administration group were reduced to varying degrees,and improvement degree in Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng for-mula groups was higher than sulfasalazine group. CONCLUSIONS:Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng formula may inhibit the sacroil-iac arthritis and pathological ossification of model mice with arthritis by decreasing TNF-α content and increasing DKK-1 content in serum.
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Objective:To observe different efficacies of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on pancreatic endocrine system in male and female patients with simple obesity due to spleen deficiency-related dampness.Methods:A total of 80 simple obesity patients were assigned to a male group (n=37) and a female group (n=43). Both groups received a 30-minute low-frequency EA at Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4). The treatment was done once a day, and 10 times made up a course of treatment. Patients in both groups were treated for 2 courses. Then the changes in body mass index (BMI), serum insulin, insulin antibodies and leptin level in the two groups were observed and analyzed.Results:After treatment, the BMI, serum insulin, insulin antibodies and leptin levels were significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.01 orP<0.05); the BMI and serum insulin concentration were more significantly reduced in the male group than those in the female group (bothP<0.01); and the leptin level was more significantly reduced in the female group than that in the male group (P<0.01).Conclusion: EA can significantly regulate BMI and pancreatic endocrine system in both men and women with simple obesity; however, there is a gender difference: better effect for men in reducing BMI and serum insulin and better effect for women in reducing serum leptin level.
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[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to explore and summarize the experience of Professor ZHOU Xiaohong's treatment of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD),and promote the application in clinic.[Method] By following the professor ZHOU Xiaohong clinical copy and collecting related medical record,the autor summed up the viewpoints and medication experience of Professor ZHOU Xiaohong in the treatment of NERD,and referred to traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine literature as the theoretical basis,and attached to the corresponding test case,in order to verify.[Results] Professor ZHOU Xiaohong believes that the pathogenesis of NERD is closely related to the liver,and modern research has confirmed that it is affected by mental and psychological factors.Stagnated heat in liver and stomach is the basic pathogenesis,and to soothe the liver and relieve depression is basic treatment,and according to the severity of the disease stage,treatment is different.Clearing heat and normalizing the stomach at acute episode and relieving qi stagnancy in liver in relieving period.At the same time with relieving sore throat and resolving phlegm and eliminating stagnation medicine and symptomatic treatment,the qi regulating,and the disease can be cured.[Conclusion] Professor ZHOU Xiaohong has rich clinical experience and unique clinical effect,it is worth further study.
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[Objective] To explore the clinical experience of Professor ZHOU Xiaohong in treating chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) from blood stasis.[Methods]Through the analysis of literature,tracing the source of the disease,following the teacher clinic and collecting relevant medical records,Professor ZHOU Xiaohong's clinical experience in treating CAG from blood stasis is summarized from the aspects of etiology,pathogenesis,treatment and so on.At the same time,the characteristics of the prescription of herbal are summarized,and exemplify that.[Result]Professor ZHOU Xiaohong thinks that blood stasis is the basic pathological factor of CAG.It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of this disease,and blood circulation and blood stasis should be carried through the whole process of clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.ZHOU attachs importance to the application of drugs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,such as syndrome differentiation,disease differentiation,experience.In addition,another key view is the selection of drugs that can activate blood circulation to remove blood stasis,combining with modern research.The uhimatc result is to promote rcstoration of the gastric mucosa and absorption of local inflammation,enhance and improve the function of gastric mucosal barrier,reduce the degree of glandular atrophy,prevent cancer,and,thus significantly improve clinical efficacy.[Conclusion] Professor ZHOU Xiaohong has rich clinical experience and unique opinion in treatment of CAG.The clinical curative effect of CAG from the treatment of blood stasis is significant,which is worth learning and popularizing.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the relationship between morphological changes of autophagy and apoptosis in the PC12 cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation .METHODS:The PC12 cells were randomly di-vided into normal control group , oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group , autophagy inhibitor group and auto-phagy activator group .The cells in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group , autophagy inhibitor group and au-tophagy activator group were exposed to reoxygenation (12 h) after 3 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation, and autophagy inhib-itor 3-methyladenine and autophagy activator rapamycin were added into the cells at the same time .Using transmission elec-tron microscope and monodansylcadaverine fluorescence staining , the morphological changes of autophagosome were ob-served.The apoptosis of the PC12 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and TUNEL method.RESULTS: Compared with normal control group , the numbers of autophagosomes and the apoptotic rates in-creased in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group (P<0.05).Compared with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group , the numbers of autophagosomes decreased obviously ( P<0.05 ) and the apoptotic rates increased markedly in autophagy inhibitor group (P<0.05).The numbers of autophagosomes increased obviously (P<0.05), the apoptotic rates decreased markedly ( P<0.05 ) , the autophagosomes became bigger in size , and autolysosomes was also found in autophagy activator group .CONCLUSION: Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation induce autophagy in PC12 cells, and autophagy inhibits cell apoptosis to play a protective role .
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According to related literature on the treatment of functional dyspepsia by the combination of syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in recent years, the general rule was summerized. In this paper, the relevant literature was summarized from the traditional Chinese medicine on disease, etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia.
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Objective To clone and identify the heat shock factors(HSFs)of Schistosoma japonicum and analyze its molec?ular structure and alternative splicing pattern. Methods The New Zealand rabbits were infected with the cercariae of Schistoso?ma japonicum and were killed and dissected 42 days post?infection,and the adult worms of S. japonicum and the livers of the rabbits were harvested. Then,the total RNA was extracted by using Trizol reagent. The Sj?hsf open reading frame(ORF)and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified by RT?PCR from the female,male and egg samples,then cloned and verified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. DNAMAN 8.0,InterPro,Mega 6 combined with the Internet databases were utilized to clarify the gene structure,functional domains,alternative splicing pattern,and the homology and phylogenetic tree of HSFs. Re?sults Sj?hsf ORF and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified from the female,male and egg samples of S. japonicum by RT?PCR. After cloning,the positive recombinant plasmids pBSjHSFf?F,pBSjHSFf?M,pBSjHSFf?E containing Sj?hsf ORF, pBSjHSFs?F,pBSjHSFs?M,pBSjHSFs?E with Sj?hsf alternative splicing fragments were identified by enzyme digestion and se?quencing. Three alternative splicing Sj?hsf isoforms were observed through sequence analysis:Sj?hsf?isoform1(2 050 bp),Sj?hsf ?isoform2(2 086 bp)and Sj?hsf?isoform3(2 111 bp);the GenBank accession numbers were KU954546,KX119143 and KX119144,respectively. All the three isoforms located in the same Contig SJC_S000780 of S. japonicum genome and all ex?pressed at female,male and egg stages,but Sj?hsf?isoform1 with a high?level expression. Sj?HSF?isoform1(671 aa)and Sj?HSF?isoform2(683 aa)had DBD(DNA binding domain),HR?A/B and HR?C domains,while Sj?HSF?isoform3(282 aa)stopped in advance without HR?C domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis of HSFs illustrated that Sj?HSFs belonged to HSF1 family,with a close phylogenetic relationship to Sm?HSFs. Conclusions There are three alternative splicing isoforms of Sj?HSF existing in the female,male and egg stages of S. japonicum,but Sj?HSF?isoform1 expresses in a high?level. This study lays the foundation for further study on molecular mechanisms of Sj?HSFs in regulating the heat shock response system.
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Aim To investigate the effects of astragalo-side IV on apoptosis of PC12 cells inducedby hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation. Metheds PC12 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group,hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group, astragaloside Ⅳ group and vehicle group. Hypoxia/hy-poglycemia and reoxygenation group, astragaloside Ⅳgroup and vehiclegroup were exposed to reoxygenation (12 h) after 3 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation, and astragaloside Ⅳ was added into cells at the same time. Inverted microscope was used to observe the morphological changes ofPC12 cells and MTT method to detect the activities of PC12 cells, and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and TUNEL staining were used to meas-ure the apoptosis of PC12 cells. Results Compared with normal control group, cells became round or swol-len and its cellula processes were retracted or disap-peared in hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group;a large number of apoptotic cells could also be observed,whose nucleus were shrinkaged, fragmented or deep-stained. The activities of hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group were decreased markedly than those in normalcontrol group(P0. 05 ) . Conclusion Astragaloside IV can reduce the damage of PC12 cells induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation, increase cell activity and inhibit cell apoptosis.
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Objective To discuss the prevention and management method for chylous fistula after neck lymph node dissec‐tion .Methods Totally 1 793 cases of neck lymph node dissection in this department from January 2005 to September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed .The clinical data in the cases of chylous fistula occurred after operation were summarized .Results Twenty one cases of chylous fistula occurred ,accounting for 1 .17% ,in which 13 cases were cured by the local compressed bandaging and continuous negative pressure drainage;5 cases adopted the conventional method for 2-3 d ,but under the ineffective condition ,then they were treated by combining with somatostatin pumping (somatostatin 6 mg+0 .9% normal saline 48 mL ,2 mL/h ,lasting for 24 h ,for successive 2-3 d) and finally cured;3 cases were cured after reoperation .Conclusion Prevention is the best treatment for chylous fistulas ,local compression bandage plus continuous negative pressure drainage is the main method for treatment of chylous fistulas after neck dissection .The combined therapy with somatostatin can increase the close rate of chylous fistulas;for the patients with long persistent time ,large drainage volume and invalid conservative therapy should adopt the remedial measure of operation .
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Objective To explore the value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide test in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly heart failure patients with normal ejection fraction,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods 104 patients with heart failure were selected,at the same time,30 elderly patients with normal heart function in our hospital were selected as the control group.The plasma brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac color Doppler ultrasound were examined.The plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,left ventricular mass index,left ventricular diastolic diameter and ventricular septal thickness were compared between two groups ; at the same time,peptide and left ventricular plasma brain natriuretic ejection fraction were compared in heart failure patients with different levels of NYHA.Results The plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,left ventricular mass index in the heart failure group were (401.37 ± 368.63) ng/L,(13.42 ± 1.33) mm,(130.62 ± 9.18) g/m2,which were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P < 0.05).The left ventricular ejection fraction of the heart failure group was (51.36 ±4.41) %,which was significantly lower than the control group(P <0.05).The left ventricular ejection fraction of patients with different NYHA grading in the heart failure group was significantly lower than that of the control group(all P <0.05),plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with different NYHA grading were significantly higher than those in the control group,and with the elevated levels of NYHA classification,the plasma brain natriuretic peptide level increased significantly(P < 0.05).Conclusion The level of plasma brain natriuretic peptide in elderly heart failure patients with normal ejection fraction was significantly increased,and with the increase of NYHA grade,plasma brain natriuretic peptide level rised,it is important to assess diagnosis and severity of this disease.