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ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic comparative study on wild and cultivated Codonopsis pilosula（CP） from three aspects， including characters， microscopy， and contents of primary and secondary metabolites. MethodWild and cultivated CP samples were collected， their characters were measured using vernier caliper， tape measure and balance， the paraffin sections were stained with safranin-fixed green dyeing， and their microstructure were observed under the optical microscope. The content of alcohol-soluble extracts in wild and cultivated CP was determined according to the method for determination of extract under CP in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， the starch content was determined by anthrone colorimetry， the content of total polysaccharides was determined by kit method， Fiber analyzer was used to determine the content of fiber components， and ultra performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） was used to determine the content of monosaccharides， disaccharides and some secondary metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were employed to screen key differential components between wild and cultivated CP on the basis of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. ResultIn terms of morphological characteristics， the "lion's head-like" shape， longitudinal wrinkles， and circumferential wrinkles below the root cap of wild CP were more pronounced in wild CP compared to the cultivated ones. Regarding transverse sectional features， wild CP had more fissures on the outer side of the cortex and a larger duramen. Under microscopic examination， wild CP had more stone cells， a larger proportion of xylem， and the presence of cork cells arranged in rings in the xylem， while cultivated CP has a larger proportion of phloem， smaller vessel diameters， and a more loosely arranged vascular system. In terms of primary metabolites， the contents of 45% ethanol-soluble extract and total polysaccharides in cultivated CP were significantly higher than those in the wild ones（P<0.05）， the contents of lignin， hemicellulose， cellulose， fructose and glucose in wild CP were significantly higher than those in the cultivated ones（P<0.05）， while sucrose content in the cultivated CP was significantly higher than that in the wild ones（P<0.05）. Concerning secondary metabolites， the contents of tryptophan and tangshenoside Ⅰ in cultivated CP were significantly higher than those in the wild ones（P<0.05）， whereas the contents of lobetyolinin， lobetyol and atractylenolide Ⅲ in wild CP were significantly higher than those in the cultivated ones（P<0.05）. ConclusionThere are significant differences between wild and cultivated CP in terms of morphological characteristics， microscopic features and chemical composition. Glucose， fructose， sucrose， tangshenoside Ⅰ， tryptophan and cellulose components are the key differential components between wild and cultivated CP. Wild CP contains more polyacetylenes and fructose， whereas cultivated CP has higher levels of tangshenoside Ⅰ and sucrose， with noticeably lower cellulose content. These distinctions may be related to their growth conditions， growth years and cultivation techniques. Based on the results of this study， it is recommended to increase polyacetylenes and the content ratio of fructose to sucrose as an indicators to characterize different production methods of CP， in order to guide the high-quality production of CP.
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Objective:To prevent the occurrence of children′s unintentional injuries, clinical characteristics were analyzed for 1 379 children hospitalized for unintentional injuries over a 5-year period at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University.Methods:We searched the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Pediatric Refined Management Database for all cases of children aged 0-14 years who were hospitalized for unintentional injuries from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019.Descriptive statistics were calculated for age, gender, season of injury, location of residence, education level of the child′s parents/guardians, injury etiology and outcome, and cost of treatment.Results:Of 1 379 cases, 894 children(64.8%) were boys and 485(35.2%) were girls.The majority of cases were 1-5 years old(61.6%, n=849). The top three causes of unintentional injuries were foreign bodies(38.1%, n=526), falls(27.0%, n=372), and burns(17.1%, n=236). Children′s unintentional injuries occurred most frequently during the summer(29.0%). More children came from rural locations(56.3%, n=777). Approximately half of the parents/guardians had attained an education level of junior high school or below(50.5%, n=696). There were 47 cases(3.4%) resulting in death or permanent injury and 292 cases(21.2%) resulting in disability.Children injured in traffic accidents had the longest average length of hospital stay [11(7, 18)d] and incurred the highest healthcare costs per case[11 130.32(5 389.69, 24 216.90)RMB]. Conclusion:Children′s unintentional injuries are concentrated among rural boys aged 1-5 years, foreign bodies are the most common cause of unintentional injuries.Children from families with low parental/guardian education levels may be at heightened risk of unintentional injuries.
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Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and adenoviral pneumonia in children. Methods:Clinical data of 151 children with pneumonia admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 106 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP group) and 45 cases of adenoviral pneumonia (ADV group). The general conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, pulmonary imaging, proportion of severe cases, respiratory support style and length of hospital stay were compared between two groups. Results:The MP group had shorter fever time compared to the ADV group ( t=15.910, P<0.01); and the maximum temperature in the MP group was lower than the ADV group ( Z=3.561, P<0.01). In the comparison of shortness of breath, wet rales in the lungs, tri-concave sign, hypoxemia, the differences were all significant between two groups (χ 2=11.203, 6.807, 36.746, 21.177, all P<0.01). The WBC in the MP group was lower than that in the ADV group ( t=33.960, P<0.01); the PCT, IL-6, LDH and 25-(OH) D 3 levels in the MP group were lower than those in the ADV group ( Z=5.986, 3.146, 4.203, 2.094, all P<0.05); while there was no significant difference in CRP levels between two groups ( Z=1.360, P>0.05). Pulmonary imaging in the MP group mainly involved unilateral lung, and the ADV group mainly involved bilateral lungs (χ 2=27.055, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in pulmonary patchy exudation between two groups(χ 2=0.298, P>0.05). There were 30 patients (28.3%) with severe pneumonia in MP group and 33 patients (73.3%) in the ADV group ( t=26.345, P<0.01). Twelve patients (11.3%) in the MP group were given non-invasive respiratory support, 1 patient (0.9%) was given invasive respiratory support; while 31 patients (68.9%) were given non-invasive respiratory support in the ADV group, and 5 patients (11.1%) were given invasive respiratory support (χ 2=66.439, P<0.01). The MP group had shorter hospital stays than ADV group ( t=31.014, P<0.01). Conclusion:The conditions of disease are more severe, and length of hospital stay is longer in children with adenoviral pneumonia than those with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of weight-loss for overweight or obese population under the health management programs, and to provide evidence for the development of safe and effective weight-loss programs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>738 participants who resided in Beijing longer than one year, under 22 to 55 years of age, with BMI≥24 kg/m(2) and without organic diseases were voluntarily recruited, from September 1(st) to October 15(th) 2013. All the participants were randomly divided into general management group or under health management group, in which all the subjects received intervention measures for 6 months. Anthropometry and body composition were measured at baseline and 6 months for all the subjects. Weight-loss effect from the health management programs was evaluated through analyzing the changes on weight and body fat.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>618 participants completed the follow-up process, including 321 in the general management group and 297 in the health management group. 6 months after the intervention process, values of weight and body fat rate in the two groups appeared both significantly lower than that at the baseline levels. Difference before and after the intervention program was statistically significant (P<0.001). However, the differences of those with reduction value as 2.19 kg or 2.19% among health management group were higher than that in the general management group, which were 0.97 kg and 1.28% respectively, with difference statistically significant (P<0.001). The effective rate of 24.2% loss-weight and the 52.5% losing rate on body fat among the health management group were both higher than 11.8% and 34.3%, seen in the general management group, respectively, with difference statistically significant (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The healthy management programs could effectively control the weight and body fate rate among the overweight or obese adults.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adipose Tissue , Behavior Therapy , Body Composition , Body Mass Index , China , Exercise , Feeding Behavior , Obesity , Overweight , Risk Reduction Behavior , Treatment Outcome , Weight Loss , Physiology , Weight Reduction Programs , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intervention on the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) in asthma. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into asthmatic group, BCG group and control group of ten mice each group. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish asthmatic model. After twenty-four hours of last challenge, eosinophils (EOS) were counted in the lung tissue and bronchoaveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The level of SCF in BALF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of SCF protein in lung tis-sue was measured by immunohistochemistry technique and computerized image analysis system. Results The number of EOS in lung tissue was (10.67±1.94)/HP, (6.40±1.55)/HP and (0.37±0.33)/HP in asthmatic, BCG and control group respectively. The number of EOS in BALF was (7.58 ± 1.30) × 107/L, (3.78 ± 1.15) × 107/L and 0 in asthmatic, BCG and control group respectively. The difference between each group was statistically significant (P0.05). In asth-matic group, the expression of SCF in lung was positively correlated with the number of EOS (P<0.05). Conclusions BCG treat-ment can markedly decrease the airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. BCG cannot inhibit the expression of SCF in asthma.
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Objective To study changes of AMPA receptors expression in nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus of methamphetamine dependent rats,and the therapeutical effect of rhynchophylline.Methods SPF male rata were randomly divided into normal control group,model group of methamphetamine,low dose of rhynchophylline group and high dose of rhynchophylline group(n=8 in each group).Experiment of conditioned place preference(CPP)was used to build the model of methamphetamine dependent rata.Western blotting was used to examine the changes of GluR2/3 subunits expression.The time of staying in drug-paired compartment of rats was used independent-samples t test to gather statistics,and the photodensity of proteinum strap was used One-Way ANOVA to gather statistics.Results Compare with rats in normal control group(the time of staying in drug-paired compartment of rats was(383.00±38.20)s),the rats produced CPP after treated with methamphetamine(the time of staying in drug-paired compartment of rats was(536.20±57.49)s),and low(30mg/kg) and high (60 ms/kg)dose of rhynchophylline(the time of staying in drug-paired compartment of rats were(299.80±15.96)s and(189.40±59.02)s)both could eliminate CPP effect.Compare with rats in normal control group (the ratio of value of average gray scale were(0.54±0.04)INT·mm~2 and (0.70±0.04)INT·mm~2),GluR2/3 subunits expression in nucleus aecumbens increased significantly in model group(the ratio of value of average gray seale was(0.89±0.03)INT·mm~2)and low dose of rhynchophylline group(the ratio of value of average gray seale was (0.93±0.03)INT·mm~2,P<0.01),which decreased significantly in hypothalamus(the ratio of value of average gray scale were (0.53±0.03)INT·mm~2 and (0.52±0.02)INT·mm~2,P<0.01).But GluR2/3 subunits expression in nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus of rats in high dose of rhynchophylline group(the ratio of value of average gray scale were (0.57±0.06)INT·mm~2 and (0.65±0.01)INT·mm~2) just liked the expression of normal control group(P>0.05).Conclusion GluR2/3 subunits expression of methamphetamine-induced CPP rats increased in nucleus accumbens but decreased in hypothalamus.High dose of rhynchophylline can reverse such changes and rebound the expression to normal level.