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Objective:To investigate the effect of melatonin (MEL) on learning and memory abilities of fluoride-exposed offspring rats and the role of gut microbiota.Methods:Twelve 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (8 females and 4 males) with a body weight ranging from 180 to 220 g were selected and divided into control group 1 and fluoride-exposed group 1 using a random number table method, with 6 rats in each group (female ∶ male = 2 ∶ 1). They were free to drink purified water or purified water containing 100 mg/L sodium fluoride, respectively. After 2 months, male and female rats were raised together in cages, and the first postnatal day (PND) of the offspring rats was recorded as PND0. In PND21, the offspring rats of fluoride-exposed group 1 were divided into fluoride-exposed group (Group F, n = 6) and fluoride + MEL group (Group FM, n = 6) using a group design, and continued to be exposed to fluoride through drinking water. The offspring rats of control group 1 were divided into control group (Group C, n = 6) and MEL group ( n = 6). The groups FM and MEL were given 20 mg/kg MEL by gavage, while the groups C and F were given the same dose of normal saline by gavage. In PND60, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests were used to observe the learning and memory abilities of the offspring rats. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of the offspring rats. And 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to detect the changes in the structure and composition of gut microbiota in fecal samples. Results:The results of novel object recognition test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the discrimination index (DI) among the four groups of offspring rats ( F = 3.95, P = 0.024). The DI in groups C and FM was higher than that of Group F ( P < 0.05). The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with Group C, the platform-crossing time of the offspring rats of Group F were less and they had a longer time to reach the platform for the first time ( P < 0.05). Compared with Group F, the platform-crossing time of the offspring rats of Group FM were increased and they had a shorter time to reach the platform for the first time ( P < 0.05). The WB results showed that compared with Group C (1.00 ± 0.07), the expression level of BDNF protein in Group F (0.68 ± 0.26) was lower ( P < 0.05). Compared with Group F, the expression level of BDNF protein in Group FM (0.99 ± 0.14) was higher ( P < 0.05). Anosim similarity analysis showed significant differences in the structure and composition of gut microbiota in the four groups of offspring rats ( R = 0.395 062, P = 0.002). The distribution characteristics of gut microbiota species showed that at the phylum level, compared with Group C, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in Group F increased from 14.26% to 37.00%, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased from 68.78% to 45.95%. Compared with Group F, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in Group FM increased from 45.95% to 65.26%, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased from 37.00% to 23.00%. At the genus level, compared with Group C, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, HT002 and UCG-005 in Group F was lower, while the relative abundance of unclassified Muribaculaceae was higher. Compared with Group F, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, HT002 and UCG-005 in Group FM was higher, while the relative abundance of unclassified Muribaculaceae was lower. The results of linear discriminant analysis revealed that the Candidatus-Saccharimonas and Incertae-Sedis were significantly enriched in Group C, unclassified Muribaculaceae and Muribaculum were significantly enriched in Group F, and Allorhizobium- Neorhizobium- Pararhizobium- Rhizobium were significantly enriched in Group FM. Conclusion:MEL can improve the learning and memory impairment of offspring rats induced by fluoride exposure by changing the structure and composition of gut microbiota.
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Objective To analyze the correlations of the expressions of miR-4500 and nerve growth factor(NGF)in breast cancer patients with preoperative magnetic resonance(MR)signs.Methods A total of 105 patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital were selected,the mRNA expression levels of miR-4500 and NGF in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of patients were detected by qRT-PCR,and the positive expression rates of NGF in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry method.The correlations of the expressions of miR-4500 and NGF in breast cancer tissues with clinicopathological features and MR signs of patients were analyzed.The targeting relationship between miR-4500 and NGF was predicted by the bioinformatics website,and the correla-tion between the expressions of the two was analyzed.Results Compared with the adjacent tissues,the expression level of miR-4500 in breast cancer tissue decreased(P<0.05),while the level of NGF mRNA and the positive expression rate of NGF increased(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in age,pathological type,tumor classification,parenchymal background,apparent diffusion coefficient or enhancement curve among different expressions of miR-4500 and NGF(P>0.05).The histological grade,lymph node metastasis,tumor diameter,tumor morphology,ring-like enhancement,and peritu-moral brain edema were related to the expressions of miR-4500 and NGF(P<0.05).The bioinformatics website prediction showed that miR-4500 and NGF had binding sites,and the expressions of miR-4500 and NGF mRNA in breast cancer tissues were negatively correlated(r=-0.576,P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of miR-4500 in breast cancer tissue is low,and the expression of NGF is high,which are correlated with the preoperative MR signs in patients,providing a molecu-lar basis for MR signs.
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Objective:To investigate the morphological and biological characteristics of polyploid tumor giant cells (PGCC) produced by ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 induced by CoCl 2. Methods:Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was induced-cultured with 300 μmol/L CoCl 2 in the simulated hypoxic environment for 36 h, the live cells continued to be conventionally cultured and passaged, and the cells collected 20 days later were PGCC group; SKOV3 cell line cultured conventionally was the control group. The formation process and morphological characteristics of PGCC were observed by inverted microscope. The expression of tumor stem cell markers OCT4 and CD117 were detected by immunocytochemistry. The adipogenic differentiation and osteogenic differentiation potential of PGCC were detected by using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic differentiation assay kit and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation assay kit.The cell migration ability of PGCC was detected by scratch assay. PGCC group and control group SKOV3 cells were treated with 1 μmol/L paclitaxel, and the cell morphology of the two groups was observed by microscope at 0, 24 and 48 h to detect the resistance of PGCC to chemotherapy drugs. Results:A small amount of PGCC was observed in SKOV3 cell line cultured in conventional medium under the microscope. CoCl 2 can induce SKOV3 cells to form PGCC, which was nearly round in shape and lacked branching. Its volume was 3 times or more than that of SKOV3 cells, and the nuclei were usually megakaryons or multinucleates, PGCC can produce daughter cells by budding. Immunocytochemical staining showed that OCT4 was positive in some PGCC, but no CD117 was positive. Neither OCT4 nor CD117 was expressed in SKOV3 cells. When cultured with lipid-induced differentiation medium of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the formation of large vacuoles in the cytoplasm of PGCC was observed at the 3rd cycle, and orange-red, round-like lipid droplets were shown by oil red O staining. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in osteogenic induction culture medium for 20 days, and alizarin red staining showed that calcium nodules formed significantly in cells of PGCC group compared with the control group. The cell scratch assay results showed that the migration rates of PGCC cultured in serum-free medium [(59±1)%, (66±3)%] were higher than those of the control group [(11±3)%, (14±5)%] at 24 and 48 h after scratch ( t values were 32.20 and 19.55, both P < 0.001). The migration rates of PGCC cultured in 10% serum medium [(92±3)%, (100±0)%] were higher than those of the control group [(20±6)%, (59±9)%] ( t values were 16.19 and 8.00, both P < 0.001). After 1 μmol/L paclitaxel treatment for 48 h, most of the cells in the PGCC group still survived, while most of the SKOV3 cells in the control group died. Conclusions:PGCC produces daughter cells by budding. PGCC has the characteristics of tumor stem cells: it expresses tumor stem cell markers and has the potential for multidirectional differentiation and strong resistance to chemotherapy drugs.
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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor. Methods: Two cases of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected. Immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed, and the literature was reviewed. Results: Case 1, a 3-month-old boy presented with a painless tumor of the scalp, measuring about 2 cm in diameter. Case 2, a 3-year-old girl complained with a painless tumor of the knee, measuring approximately 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor had a clear boundary and showed multinodular growth. The tumor was mainly composed of spindle cells arranged in long intersecting fascicles associated with thin, slit-like or branching ectatic vessels, focally forming hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. The tumor cells were abundant, but there was no obvious atypia. Mitotic figures (3-4/10 HPF) were noted. H-caldesmon and SMA were positive in both cases. Case 1 showed diffuse and strong positivity for Desmin, and focally for CKpan. Ki-67 proliferation index was 20% and 30%, respectively. FISH displayed NCOA2 gene translocation in case 1 and the RELA gene translocation in case 2. NGS detected the SRF-NCOA2 gene fusion in case 1 and the SRF-RELA gene fusion in case 2. Both patients underwent local excisions. During the follow-up of 5-14 months, case 1 had no local recurrence, while case 2 developed local recurrence 1 year post operatively. Conclusions: SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor is a novel variant of perivascular cell tumor, which tends to occur in children and adolescents. The tumor forms a broad morphologic spectrum ranging from a pericytic pattern to a myoid pattern, and include hybrid tumors with a mixture of pericytic and myoid patterns. Due to its diffuse hypercellularity and increased mitotic figures and smooth muscle-like immunophenotype, the tumor is easy to be misdiagnosed as myogenic sarcomas. The tumor usually pursues a benign clinical course and rare cases may locally recur.
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Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Calmodulin-Binding Proteins , China , Hemangiopericytoma/pathology , Sarcoma/pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Fluorescence anisotropy(FA)analysis has many advantages such as no requirement of separation,high throughput and real-time detection,and thus has been widely used in many fields,including biochemical analysis,food safety detection,environmental monitoring,etc.However,due to the small volume or mass of the target,its combination with the fluorescence probe cannot produce significant signal change.To solve this issue,researchers often use nanomaterials to enhance the mass or volume of fluorophore to improve the sensitivity.Nevertheless,this FA amplification strategy also has some disadvantages.Firstly,nanomaterials are easy to quench fluorescence.As a result,the FA value is easily influenced by light scattering,which reduces the detection accuracy.Secondly,fluorescent probes in most methods require complex modification steps.Therefore,it is necessary to develop new FA probes that do not require the amplification of volume and mass or modification.As a new kind of nanomaterials,luminescent metal-organic framework(MOF)has a large volume(or mass)and strong fluorescence emission.It does not require additional signal amplification materials.As a consequence,it can be used as a potential FA probe.This study successfully synthesized a lanthanide metal organic framework(Ce-TCPP MOF)using cerium ion(Ce3+)as the central ion and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin(H2TCPP)as the ligand through microwave assisted method,and used it as a novel unmodified FA probe to detect phosphate ions(Pi).In the absence of Pi,Ce-TCPP MOF had a significant FA value(r).After addition of Pi,Pi reacted with Ce3+in MOF and destroyed the structure of MOF into the small pieces,resulting in a decrease in r.The experimental results indicated that with the increase of Pi concentration,the change of the r of Ce-TCPP MOF(Δr)gradually increased.The Δr and Pi concentration showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.5-3.5 μmol/L(0.016-0.108 mg/L).The limit of detection(LOD,3σ/k)was 0.41 μmol/L.The concentration of Pi in the Jialing River water detected by this method was about 0.078 mg/L,and the Pi value detected by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry was about 0.080 mg/L.The two detection results were consistent with each other,and the detection results also meet the ClassⅡwater quality standard,proving that this method could be used for the detection of Pi in complex water bodies.
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Objective To observe the regulatory mechanism of drug-containing serum of Jinghou Zengzhi Prescription based on qi and blood replenishing method on the expression of growth and differentiation factor 9(GDF9)and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH).Methods Serum of COH rats(blank serum)and serum of COH rats gavaged by the Jinghou Zengzhi Prescription were prepared.A COH rat model was established and ovarian granulosa cells were collected.The experiment was divided into 5 groups:blank serum group,drug-containing serum group,drug-containing serum+SB203580[p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK)inhibitor]group,drug-containing serum + PDTC[nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB)inhibitor]group,drug-containing serum + SB203580 + PDTC group.The mRNA expression levels of p38MAPK,casein kinase 2(CK2),nuclear transcription factor κB inhibitor α(IκBα),NF-κB and GDF9 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and GDF9 protein expression level was detected by Western Blot,and ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results The drug-containing serum of Jinghou Zengzhi Prescription decreased the mRNA expressions of p38MAPK and NF-κB,elevated the mRNA expressions of CK2 and IκBα,increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of GDF9,and decreased the apoptosis rate of ovarian granulosa cells in COH rats.The addition of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 alone and the addition of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC alone both promoted the mRNA and protein expressions of GDF9 and reduced the apoptosis rate of granulosa cells.Conclusion The drug-containing serum of Jinghou Zengzhi Prescription based on qi and blood replenishing method can promote the expression of GDF9 and inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with COH,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of genes of the dual signaling pathways of p38MAPK and NF-κB.
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Objective To analyze the risk factors for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 in Fuzhou city.Methods The data of 4081 confirmed cases with current address in Fuzhou was collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January 1 to June 30,2023.The epidemiological data of those cases was investigated such as the demographic characteristics,clinical manifestations and past medical history,etc.The risk factors of severe cases were analyzed by using the logistic regression.Results 4081 confirmed cases had been reported including 671 severe cases and 3410 non-severe cases.The demographic characteristics of severe cases,such as the proportion of male,age and current address in community were higher than that of non-severe cases,vaccination rate was lower than non-severe cases(59.02%vs.80.12%),the differences are statistically significant(P＜0.001).The clinical manifestations such as interval time between onset and visit(P=0.001),fever(P=0.002),difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath(P=0.001)were the factors related to severe illness.The past medical histories such as history of chronic lung disease,history of heart cerebrovascular disease of severe cases,were higher than that of non-severe cases(P＜0.001).Multivariate logistic regression showed that the male,the higher age,current address in community,no vaccination,the longer interval time between onset and visit,fever,difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath,the history of chronic lung disease,the history of heart cerebrovascular disease raised the risk of becoming severe cases.The healing time for severe cases was longer than that for non-severe cases(P＜0.001).Conclusion Sex,age,current address,vaccination,interval time between onset and visit,fever,difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath,history of chronic lung disease,and history of heart cerebrovascular disease are the influencing factors for severe illness.
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Objective To explore the influence and mechanism of lentiviral vector-mediated steroidogenic factor-1(SF-1)silence on decidual process of human endometrial stromal cells(hESCs).Methods The endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis(EM)and normal pregnant women were collected,and the differential expression of SF-1 was detected by Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining.hESCs were isolated from the endometrial tissue of normal pregnancy and identified,hESCs were divided into control group,estradiol(E2)+progesterone(P4)group,short hairpin RAN(shRNA,sh)-normal control(NC)+E2+P4 group,sh-SF-1+E2+P4 group,after the corresponding processing,the morphological changes of hESCs were observed under an inverted microscope.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA expression levels and protein levels of human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1(IGFBP-1)and prolactin(PRL)in cells,respectively,flow cytometry was used to determine the cycle distribution of the cells,immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of the intracellular auto-bid microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3),Western blotting was used to determine the protein level of intracellular autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ,LC3-Ⅰ and Beclin-1.Results The relative expression of SF-1 mRNA and the positive rate of SF-1 protein in endometrial tissue of EM patients were higher than those of normal pregnancy endometrial tissue(P<0.05).Compared with the sh-NC+E2+P4 group,the cells in the sh-SF-1+E2+P4 group were mostly long-spindle,and there was no obvious decidualization.The relative mRNA expression and protein expression of IGFBP1 and PRL were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05),the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase was significantly decreased,the proportion of cells in S phase was significantly increased(P<0.05),the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰwas significantly increased,and the relative expression of Beclin-1 protein was also significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of SF-1 in the endometrial tissue of EM patients is increased,and SF-1 silencing mediated by lentiviral vector can inhibit the decidualization process of hESCs,which may be related to regulating the level of autophagy.
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Objective To evaluate the patient-reported outcome(PRO)of patients with breast cancer who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and implant breast reconstruction.Methods Patients who underwent breast reconstruction in Shanghai Cancer Center,Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Jun 2021 were selected,including 111 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and 108 patients who underwent implant breast reconstruction.Chinese version Breast-Q2.0 scale,breast cancer specificity scale QLQ-BR23 and EORTC quality of life scale QLQ-C30 were used to investigate the PRO of the two groups 18 months after operation.Results The rate of stage Ⅲ breast cancer in the self-weight construction group was higher than that in the implant reconstruction group(64.9%vs.44.4%,P<0.001).The preoperative neoadjuvant therapy and postoperative radiotherapy in the autologous reconstruction group were higher than those in the implant reconstruction group(P<0.001).Postoperative chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in the autologous reconstruction group were lower than those in the implant reconstruction group(P<0.001).The study based on Breast-Q scale showed that the breast satisfaction of autologous reconstruction group was higher than that of implant reconstruction(59.28±17.20 vs.54.94±14.48,P<0.05).The study based on QLQ-BR23 showed that the self-weight construction group was higher than the implant reconstruction group in the field of arm symptoms(20.02±20.80 vs.12.65±16.18,P<0.05).The study based on QLQ-C30 scale showed that there was no significant difference in all functional areas and symptom areas of patients.There was no significant difference in the number and time of social regression between the two groups.Conclusion Breast reconstruction can improve the PRO of breast cancer patients,and oncology factors will affect the choice of breast reconstruction.Patients with autologous breast reconstruction are more satisfied with breast appearance,but upper limb symptoms such as swelling and pain are more obvious than implant reconstruction,which is related to the higher proportion of axillary lymph node dissection in patients with autologous reconstruction.There is no significant difference in quality of life and social regression between the two groups.
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ObjectivePhosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3Ks) play an important role in cell directional movement by regulating F-actin. However, the structure and function of PI3Ks are complex. The role of PI3Ks in cell electrotaxis is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum cells were used as experimental materials to explore the role of PI3K1 and PI3K2 in electrotaxis. MethodsFirstly, PI3K1 coding gene pikA knockout mutant and PI3K2 coding gene pikB knockout mutant were constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Secondly, two mutants were placed in a DC electric field with a strength of 12 V/cm and the electrotaxis were analyzed. ResultsData analysis showed that the direction index of wild-type cells in DC electric field was (0.86±0.03), while the direction index of pikA- and pikB- mutants in DC electric field was (0.95±0.02) and (0.94±0.03), respectively. In addition, the average trajectory speed of wild-type cells in the electric field was (3.34±0.08) μm/min, while the average trajectory speed of pikA- and pikB- mutants were (4.85±0.20) μm/min and (5.48±0.15) μm/min, respectively. The t test showed that there were significant differences in the directedness index and speed between the mutant and wild type. Western blot results showed that both phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated ERK were significantly increased in pikA- and pikB- mutants. ConclusionPI3K1 and PI3K2 may inhibit the electrotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum cells by increasing the activity of Akt and ERK.
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To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.
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Male , Female , Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mass Screening/methods , Autistic Disorder , PrevalenceABSTRACT
To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.
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Male , Female , Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mass Screening/methods , Autistic Disorder , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Objective To explore the manufacturing process and performance of laser-cut 316L medical catheters based on catheter designs with different cutting methods.Methods Two design schemes of straight and oblique spiral cut were proposed under interrupted spiral cut pattern.Straight and oblique spiral cut medical catheters were obtained with desired laser parameters,cutting speed and focus position of the laser cutting machine,oxygen as the auxiliary gas and nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid as the acid cleaning solution for the post-treatment process,which were compared with Direxion torqueable microcatheter and tested for traceability,torsion control and tensile strength.Results Laser-cut 316L medical catheters were less likely to hurt blood vessels for its advantages over Direxion torqueable microcatheter in surface brightness and roundness of grooved edges,while Direxion torqueable microcatheter behaved better in intensity and width uniformity of grooves and regularity of semi circles at ends of grooves.Straight spiral cut medical catheters had the traceability,torsion control and tensile strength increased by 50％,22％and 33％respectively when compared with oblique spiral cut catheters.Conclusion Laser cutting parameters and post-treatment process are the main factors affecting the appearance and size of laser cut medical catheters,and also of importance for improving the qualified rate of product processing and assembly.The catheter cutting design scheme is also a key element influencing the physical properties of medical catheters.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):31-36]
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Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death caused by phospholipid peroxidation damage of polyunsaturated fatty acids on cell membranes and involves several pathways, including the iron homeostasis regulatory pathway, the cystine glutamate reverse transporter (system Xc) pathway and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) pathway. Ferroptosis is involved in the development of several diseases (e. g. myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer and degenerative diseases). The ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification of various protein molecules in the organism. Studies have shown that regulating the ubiquitination of ferroptosis pathway-related molecules can control cellular ferroptosis. Targeting the ubiquitination of ferroptosis pathway-related molecules can effectively promote or inhibit ferroptosis, which is expected to be a new strategy for the treatment of cancer or cardiovascular diseases. In this paper we review the progress of the ferroptosis pathways and the ubiquitination modification of ferroptosis-related molecules.
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italic>Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of reinforcing deficiency, strengthening, and inducing astringency, appliable to treat the chronic cough and deficiency in breath, palpitation, and insomnia, etc. A hybrid mass spectrometry scanning strategy (high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition, HDDIDDA), enabling the ion mobility separation and alternating data-independent acquisition/data-dependent acquisition, was established, which, in combination with in-house library-driven automatic peak annotation workflows facilitated by the UNIFI software, was utilized to systematically characterize the multi-classes of chemical components from S. chinensis. The use of an HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), 0.1% formic acid in H2O-acetonitrile as the mobile phase running at the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1, and column temperature at 35 ℃, could enable good separation of the S. chinensis components within 42 min. HDDIDDA scan in both the positive and negative ion modes was employed for data acquisition. Based on the automatic peak annotation, reference standards comparison, MS2 data interpretation, and literature analysis, we were able to identify or tentatively characterize 105 compounds in the S. chinensis decoction, involving 56 terpenoids, 42 lignans, five glycosides, one organic acid, and one flavonoid. HDDIDDA scanning can improve the coverage of data acquisition and improve the accuracy of identification, while CCS prediction analysis provides the possibility to distinguish isomers by the ion mobility technology. The results provide reference for the intelligent material basis research of TCM.
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Based on the strategy of metabolomics combined with bioinformatics, this study analyzed the potential allergens and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) induced by the combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology combined with UNIFI software, a total of 21 compounds were identified in Reduning and penicillin G mixed injection. Based on molecular docking technology, 10 potential allergens with strong binding activity to MrgprX2 agonist sites were further screened. Metabolomics analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology revealed that 34 differential metabolites such as arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes were endogenous differential metabolites of PARs caused by combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. Through the analysis of the "potential allergen-target-endogenous differential metabolite" interaction network, the chlorogenic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid A) and β-lactam allergens in the combination of the two may be mainly regulated by PLD1, PLA2G12A and CYP1A1. The three upstream signal target proteins mainly activate the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, promote the degranulation of mast cells, release downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, and induce PARs.
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OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride-glucose-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hypertension in adolescents.@*METHODS@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 572 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Yinchuan City for questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the relationship of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents.@*RESULTS@#Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the groups with the highest quartile of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC had 1.48 times (95%CI: 1.07-2.04), 3.71 times (95%CI: 2.67-5.15), and 4.07 times (95%CI: 2.89-5.73) higher risks of blood pressure abnormalities compared to the groups with the lowest quartile, respectively. Moreover, as the levels of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC increased, the risk of blood pressure abnormalities gradually increased (P<0.05). A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between TyG-BMI and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.002). Linear dose-response relationships were found between TyG and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearit =0.232), and between TyG-WC and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.224).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Higher levels of TyG and its derivatives are associated with an increased risk of blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, with linear or non-linear dose-response relationships.
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Adolescent , Humans , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Hypertension/etiology , Glucose , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Amniotic membrane is the innermost membrane in human placenta. It supports epithelialization and has the characteristics of anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis. It is gradually widely used in ophthalmic surgery and other surgical operations. In recently years, the amniotic membrane has been used more frequently in ophthalmic clinic and has achieved better curative effect. This article reviews the application of amniotic membrane transplantation in ocular diseases such as ocular burn, conjunctival disease, corneal disease, pterygium, glaucoma and macular hole. It is expected that amniotic membrane transplantation will bring new ideas for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes in controlled ovarian stimulation （COH） and fresh embryo transfer between women with and those without a high basal luteinizing hormone （bLH） level in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. MethodsThe clinical data of PCOS patients at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the high group （LH≥10 U/L） and normal group （LH<10 U/L） according to the bLH levels. The results of COH and pregnancy outcomes after fresh transfer were compared， including gonadotropin （Gn） initiation dose， Gn duration， total Gn dose， number of oocytes obtained， two pronuclei （2PN） rate， available embryos rate， high-quality embryos rate， blastocyst formation rate， human chorionic gonadotrophin （HCG） positive rate， clinical pregnancy rate （CPR）， spontaneous abortion rate （SAR）， ongoing pregnancy rate （OPR） and live birth rate （LBR）. The differences in hormonal trends during COH were also analyzed. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in age， body mass index， anti-Mullerian hormone， and type of infertility between the two groups. Compared with the normal group， the Gn initiation dose and Gn duration were not statistically significant （P>0.05）， while the total Gn dose was significantly lower （P<0.001） in the high group. The number of oocytes retrieved， 2PN rate， available embryos rate， high-quality embryos rate， and blastocyst formation rate were comparable between the two groups （all P>0.05）. After fresh embryo transfer， they had similar pregnancy outcomes in the HCG positive rate， CPR， SAR， OPR and LBR （all P > 0.05）. ConclusionsIn patients with PCOS， high bLH levels do not affect COH or pregnancy outcomes in fresh transfer cycles. Further studies are needed to determine whether LH levels need to be lowered prior to COH and whether frozen-all strategy is required in patients with elevated bLH levels.
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OBJECTIVE@#Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, leading to cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. However, early biomarkers of learning and memory impairment induced by As and/or F remain unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which As and/or F cause learning memory impairment are explored at the multi-omics level (microbiome and metabolome).@*METHODS@#We stablished an SD rats model exposed to arsenic and/or fluoride from intrauterine to adult period.@*RESULTS@#Arsenic and/fluoride exposed groups showed reduced neurobehavioral performance and lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that As and/or F exposure significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome，featuring the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group. Metabolome analysis showed that As and/or F-induced learning and memory impairment may be related to tryptophan, lipoic acid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) synapse, and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The gut microbiota, metabolites, and learning memory indicators were significantly correlated.@*CONCLUSION@#Learning memory impairment triggered by As and/or F exposure may be mediated by different gut microbes and their associated metabolites.