Huayu Jiedu Prescription Alleviates Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Mice with Endometriosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Huayu Jiedu prescription （HYJDP） on gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in mice with endometriosis. Method:Normal female C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group （CO）， endometriosis group （EM） and Chinese medicine Huayu Jiedu decocotion group （CM）. CO and EM groups received normal saline and CM group received HYJDP by intragastric administration. Untargeted metabolomics method was used to detect metabolites in fecal supernatant of mice， and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） analysis was used to screen the differential metabolites， 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the gut microbiota， and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to represent the degree of correlation between differential metabolites and intestinal flora. Lipopolysaccharides （LPSs） in intestinal wall tissue， serum and peritoneal lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin in ectopic lesions was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:HYJDP alleviated the disorders of fecal metabolites and gut microbiota in EMS mice， especially with the recovered levels of homoveratric acid， melilotoside C and physapubescin in fecal supernatant. In the comparison of these three factors between EM group and CO group as well as between EM group and CM group， the variable important in projection （VIP） value was both above 2， and AUC in ROC analysis was both >0.9. As compared with EM group， HYJDP restored the abundance of species such as <italic>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</italic>， <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> and <italic>Blautia </italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In addition， the level of LPS in peritoneal fluid supernatant of EM group was significantly higher than that of CO group （<italic>P</italic><0.05） and CM group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The protein expression of vimentin and E-cadherin in endometriosis decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:HYJDP which can improve the intestinal environment and reduce the level of LPS in mice with endometriosis， is an effective drug for the treatment of endometriosis.

Research advances of natural killer cells at the maternal-fetal interface / 生理学报

Natural killer (NK) cells are the main immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface and accumulate in the uterine decidua in early pregnancy. Many studies have shown that NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface have unique phenotypes and play critical roles in various processes, including immune tolerance during pregnancy, decidualization, invasion of trophoblasts, remodeling of the uterine spiral artery, formation of the placenta and growth of embryo. However, specific functions of NK cells and their mechanism remain to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the research progress of NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface and their roles in the pregnancy-related disorders in recent years. The aims of this review are to gain deep insight of the function of NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface and provide new ideas for intervention of pregnancy-related diseases.

Optimization for technical resources of children′s gastroscopy based on diagnosis-related groups / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the gastroscopy treatment technology in a Children′s Medical Center based on the diagnosis-related groups(DRG) and put forward suggestions for resource optimization.Methods:The data of the front pages of medical records of 22 medical institutions in a Children′s Medical Center in 2018 were divided into DRG groups. The patients in gastroscope treatment operation group(GK3)were selected, and the disease diagnosis, operation and payment methods of the patients in this group were analyzed.Results:Of the 22 medical institutions, 16 had GK3 group cases, and the number of cases was significantly different, ranging from 2 to 917. Among them, the institution with code M was characterized by multiple endoscopic treatment of esophageal stricture, but most other institutions rarely carried out the treatment of esophageal stricture. In GK3 group, the main payment method of children in Institution M with the highest constituent ratio was at one′s own expense, followed by non-local medical insurance. The main payment type of O and P institutions with the second and third constituent ratio was local medical insurance.Conclusions:The gap of the technology of gastroscopy in the treatment of esophageal stricture is large in all institutions. The high-quality medical resources can be sunk through the construction of pediatric medical alliance, and the gap between the regional medical technology can be continuously leveled.

Practice of collaborative development model of pediatrics′s medical practice, education and research at Beijing municipal hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Collaborative development among medical practice, education and research is a strategic decision of the country in disciplinary development guided by the innovation-driven strategy. In October 2017, Beijing Hospitals Authority organized 18 tertiary hospitals with pediatrics discipline and founded a collaborative development center for pediatrics. This center operated in a model featuring both leadership of due authorities and autonomous administration. Two of the specialized pediatrics hospitals work as leading units, and existing high quality pediatrics resources of the member hospitals were pooled to establish an academics committee and an executive committee. A development system was established with disciplinary construction as the focus, collaborative development as the goal and horizontal collaboration as the means. It was designed to explore a new model featuring overall planning and standardized management of the discipline, building of a shared platform for clinical capacity development, joint development of continued medical education and talent cultivation, as well as diversified and multi-centered research and platform resources sharing. This model can effectively promote the overall development level of pediatrics in Beijing municipal hospitals.

Exploration on the management model of international scientific and technological cooperation based on the combination of " project-talent-base" in hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Explore the " project-talent-base" combining international science and technology cooperation management model and mechanism through summarizing the practical experience of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Beijing in recent years, to provide reference for strengthening the hospital′s international science and technology cooperation.Methods:Main problems existing in the management of international science and technology cooperation in domestic medical institutions are analyzed, and management methods of international science and technology cooperation adopted by the hospital are classified through policy sorting, literature research, summarization and classification.Results:The hospital has established an efficient and high-quality international science and technology cooperation management model mainly through four aspects: improving the international cooperation management system, enriching international cooperation and exchange projects, building different types of international science and technology cooperation platforms, and strengthening personnel training.Conclusions:Under the background of the globalization of science and technology and the accelerating pace of scientific research in China, improving the hospital′s international science and technology cooperation management model will effectively promote the introduction of international advanced technologies and concepts, and enhance the overall science and technology innovation capabilities and discipline construction.

Research on the mode of hospital-institute integration based on project cooperation / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation.Methods:Focusing on the management innovation of clinical and basic scientific research cooperation mode, the method of hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation and the key points in practice were discussed, to develop better understandings of the construction and development such mode.Results:Several key points of developing hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation were proposed. Main measurements adopted including the integration of scientific research and clinic service, comprehensive construction of management concept, scientific research capacity, teaching organization and service concept, cultivation of high-level research talents, construction of research departments, according to which formed the main structure of the hospital. Furthermore, it is important to change the development mode in time to promote the healthy development of the hospital.Conclusions:It is a new direction of the clinical and basic research cooperation innovation to encourage the hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation. It is also an effective strategy to promote the improvement of diagnosis and treatment level under the new medical reform situation.

A multi-stage dynamic prevention and control study on hospital workplace violence based on crisis management theory / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To construct a multi-stage dynamic prevention and control model, establish a system of intervention points and prevention and control measures for the prevention and control of workplace violence in hospitals, so as to provide guidance for hospitals and medical staffs to effectively prevent and respond to such incidents.Methods:Based on the crisis management theory, a model for the prevention and control of workplace violence in hospitals was constructed, the intervention points and prevention and control measures were screened by the Delphi method.Results:A multi-stage dynamic prevention and control model of workplace violence in hospitals was constructed, and a system of intervention points and prevention and control measures for workplace violence in hospitals were established according to the model. The system was divided into three stages: the pre-event stage contained 10 intervention points and 48 countermeasures, the in-event stage contained 6 intervention points and 17 countermeasures, and the post-event stage contained 3 intervention points and 12 countermeasures.Conclusions:It is an effective way to avoid violence and reduce the damage degree of violent incidents by selecting different countermeasures for different intervention points and carrying out multi-stage dynamic prevention and control of workplace violence in hospitals.

Clinical diagnosis and treatments of type Ⅱ-Ⅳ congenital laryngotracheoesophageal cleft in 8 children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of congenital laryngotracheoesophageal cleft (LTEC) in children. Methods: The clinical data of 8 children (including 7 males and 1 female)with congenital laryngotracheoesophageal cleft from January 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The median diagnosing age was 3.75 months (5 days to 12 months). According to the modified Benjamin Inglis classification proposed by Sandu in 2006,there were 3 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲa, 1 case of type Ⅲb and 1 case of type Ⅳa. All children were followed up regularly. Results: Six patients were treated for recurrent bronchopneumonia and aspiration during feeding. The patients were first treated in the pneumology departmentt or intensive care unit. Six patients combined with other malformations. Endoscopic repair operations were performed in 6 cases (3 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲ a), 1 case of LTEC was operated through cervical approach, and 1 case of type IVa LTEC associated with VACTERL was repaired under thoracoscope combined with suspension laryngoscope. Seven patients underwent tracheotomy before or during the repair operations. Gastrostomy was performed in 2 children. The operations were successfully performed in all cases. Three children with type Ⅱ LTEC recovered well and decannulated. One case of type Ⅲa was followed up for 5 months with occasionally choking while feeding. Two cases of type Ⅲa, 1 case of type Ⅲb and 1 case of type Ⅳa died due to severe reflux, tracheomalacia or respiratory failure. Conclusions: Congenital LTEC is a rare congenital malformation which is difficult to diagnose for the poor specificity of clinical manifestations. LTEC needs to be classified by endoscopy examination under general anesthesia. Severe cases of LTEC have poorer outcomes than the mild cases, and the perioperative managements need multi-disciplinary cooperation to reduce the mortality.

Study on the feature of cortical auditory evoked potential under different auditory tasks in cochlear implant children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the variation regularity and influencing factors of cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) evoked by pure tone, syllable and tone stimuli in cochlear implant (CI) children. Methods: Cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) responses were collected from 46 CI children in the sound field. Pure tones with frequencies of 1 kHz and 2 kHz were used as the standard and the deviant respectively in the pure tone stimulation condition. The Chinese Mandarin tokens/ba/-/pa/and/ba1/-/ba4/pairs were used as the stimuli respectively in the syllable and tone stimulation condition. The latency, amplitude and presence rate of P1 and mismatch negative(MMN) were obtained and the correlation between the difficulty of auditory task, the age of hearing month, the duration of severe-profound hearing loss, the wearing history of hearing aid before CI, the hearing threshold of the better ear before CI and the latency and amplitude of P1 and MMN were analyzed. All statistical analyses and figures were conducted using SPSS 25.0. Results: The P1 presence rate of pure tone, syllable and tone group was 100% (17/17), 100% (13/13) and 75.0% (12/16), respectively, with significant difference (χ²=8.214, P=0.016). There was significant difference between pure tone group and tone group (χ²=4.836, P=0.028), but no significant difference between pure tone group and syllable group, syllable group and tone group. The MMN presence rate of pure tone, syllable and tone group was 94.1% (16/17), 84.6% (11/13) and 62.5% (10/16), respectively, but no significant difference among the three groups with different auditory tasks(χ²=0.066, P=0.066). No significant difference was observed among the three groups of different auditory tasks in the latency and amplitude of P1 and MMN. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the latency of P1 was positively correlated with the difficulty of auditory task and the hearing threshold of the better ear before CI, and negatively correlated with hearing age and the history of hearing aid before CI. The latency of MMN was positively correlated with the difficulty of auditory task, and negatively correlated with hearing age. Conclusions: The P1 presence rate of pure tone auditory task is significantly higher than that of tone auditory task. The difficulty of auditory task, hearing age, the history of hearing aid before CI, and the hearing threshold of the better ear before CI has significant effects on the P1 latency. The difficulty of auditory task and hearing age has significant effects on the MMN latency.

Endothelial dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) children and to identify related factors of endothelial dysfunction.@*Methods@#This was a cross-sectional study. Children with habitual snoring (snoring ≥3 nights per week) admitted to the ward of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, Beijing Children′s Hospital were recruited to this study between 1st June 2015 and 1st March 2016. All children aged 3 to 11 years and of them 245 were boys and 110 were girls. All subjects underwent an overnight polysomnography (PSG), as well as endothelial function testing. All subjects were grouped into primary snoring (PS) and OSAS group according to the obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI). T test or Wilcoxon test were used to compare the differences in PSG results between the two groups, and univariate and multivariate correlation analyses were used to explore the relevant factors affecting the endothelial function.@*Results@#A total of 355 subjects were enrolled and 248 had OSAS, and 107 had PS. There were no significant differences in age, gender and body mass index (BMI) Z-score between the two groups (all P>0.05). OSAS group had higher OAHI, oxgen desaturation index and respiratory related arousal index (5.2 (2.2, 13.2) vs. 0.4 (0.1, 0.7), 4.1 (2.0, 13.1) vs. 0.5 (0.1, 1.0), 2.5 (1.0, 4.8) vs. 0.4 (0.1, 0.9), Z=-14.957, -11.790, -10.378, all P<0.01), and lower minimum oxygen saturation and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) than those of PS (0.89 (0.85, 0.92) vs. 0.94 (0.91, 0.95), 1.2±0.2 vs. 1.1±0.1, Z=-9.337, t=5.354, P<0.01). Univariate regression analysis showed that RHI was linearly correlated with age (parameter estimate=0.017, P<0.01), gender (parameter estimate=0.065, P<0.01), OAHI (parameter estimate=-0.023, P<0.01), oxygen desaturation index (parameter estimate=-0.019, P<0.01), respiratory related arousal index (parameter estimate=-0.031, P<0.01), and oxygen saturation nadir (parameter estimate=0.067, P=0.045). The relationship between BMI Z-score and RHI was quadratic. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age (parameter estimate=0.015, P<0.01), BMI Z-score (parameter estimate=0.040, P<0.01), BMI Z-score quadratic form (parameter estimate=-0.010, P<0.01), respiratory related arousal index (parameter estimate=-0.020, P<0.01) were independently correlated with RHI.@*Conclusions@#Children with OSAS have significant endothelial dysfunction compared with PS. Frequent arousals due to obstructive respiratory events during sleep may be a candidate risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in children with OSAS.

Prevalence Of Respiratory Symptoms And Pulmonary Function Status Of Restaurant Workers

@#The cooking process may emit toxic compounds and airway irritants from both the fuel combustion and cooking fumes which is harmful to the respiratory health among the restaurant workers. A cross-sectional study of 243 restaurant workers from the selected restaurants in Sungai Long, Malaysia was conducted. The standardized British Medical Research Council questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (1986) was used during the interview to access the symptoms and the spirometry test was performed to evaluate the pulmonary functions of the participants. The data of socio-demography and occupational characteristics were also collected. The most complaint respiratory symptoms by the restaurant workers were breathlessness, which accounted for 33.7%, followed by wheezing (14%). The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the restaurant workers were within the normal range (>80%), except for the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) (79.09%). The results of the bivariate statistical analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test, showed the determining factors of the respiratory health among the workers were workers’ age and gender in addition to the working duration and the ethnicity. The restaurant workers in Sungai Long were at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and lower pulmonary function values due to prolonged exposure to cooking fumes. Emphasis should be given to the safety and health of restaurant workers and health education should be provided to the restaurant workers and owners. Strategies to increase notification of such occurrences among these workers should be looked into by related agencies in the country.

Analysis of the pilot implementation of medical assistance for children in illness-caused poverty families / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the basic information and implementation of medical assistance for children of illness-caused poverty families.Methods:From March through September 2019, a customized questionnaire was used to collect by means of both field survey and on-site verification, the information of the sick children from such families registered on file from 17 counties in 6 provinces. These counties were the first to carry out the assistance pilot work under " Chinese Children Poverty Alleviation by Healthcare Program" . The data so acquired were subject to descriptive analysis.Results:A total of 312 questionnaires were recovered, and the median age of these child patients was 8.54 years. Diseases causing family poverty were mostly those in the circulatory system, nervous system, neoplastic disease of childhood and hematological disease, while unaffordability of medical bills ranked the top challenge when they seek medical services. Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment was made for 251 children: 193(76.89%)of them could be admitted to provincial or lower medical institutions, 43 children needed chronic disease management, and 15 children needed to be admitted by the National Children′s Medical Center for further diagnosis.Conclusions:The assistance for such families in poverty-stricken areas can be upgraded, by such means as disease prevention publicity and education, publicity of healthcare poverty alleviation policy awareness, improvement of medical competency of primary medical institutions and rational application of medical resources.

Exploration and practice of " apprenticeship" precision training for pediatricians at primary level / 中华医院管理杂志

Establishing a targeted and suitable professional healthcare training model for pediatricians at primary level and exploring an effective, sustainable and innovative strategy for talent training are required in caring for children at large. The current study explored the methods and efficacy of " apprenticeship" mode originated from traditional Chinese medicine practice in primary pediatricians training. It is suggested that based on the framework of pediatric alliance, the " apprenticeship" mode could establish a fixed and precise one-to-one teaching mode in a short period, form a close, standard and persistent training system for talented pediatricians, thus effectively improving primary pediatric health care service.

Clinical analysis of multi-disciplinary treatment for cervical neuroblastoma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical features, treatment and outcomes of cervical neuroblastoma (NB) subjected to multi-disciplinary treatment.Methods:The clinical features of cervical NB patients who were admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from February 2015 to October 2018, were retrospectively analyzed.The tumor makers [lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), neuron-specific enolase(NSE), urine homovanillic acid/creatinine(HVA/Crn), and urine vanillyl-mandelic acid/creatinine(VMA/Crn)], index of tumor burden(KTB), bone marrow examination, histopathologic types, N- MYC, gene amplification and 11q23 depletion type, staging and grouping, treatment and outcomes were analyzed.Follow-up was ended on March 31 st, 2019. Results:The 13 cervical NB patients aged from 1 month to 47 months (median age: 10 months), and 8 patients (61.5%) were younger than 18 months old.The course of disease ranged from 0.5 to 24.0 months (median course: more than 1 month). Seven patients (53.8%) presented with cervical masses.According to International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), 8 patients (61.5%) were identified as stage Ⅱ, 3 patients (23.1%) as stage Ⅲ, and 2 patients (15.4%) as stage Ⅳ.There were 8 patients (61.1%) at low risk, 4 patients (30.8%) at intermediate risk, 1 patient (7.7%) at high risk.As for the laboratory examinations, LDH was increased in 7 patients (53.8%), and normal in 5 patients (38.5%). NSE was increased in 9 patients (69.2%), and normal in 4 patients (30.8%). Urine VMA/Crn was increased in 5 patients (38.5%), and normal in 8 patients (61.5%). HVA/Crn was increased in 8 patients (61.5%), and normal in 5 patients (38.5%). KTB was increased in 5 patients (38.5%), and normal in 5 patients (38.5%). No NB cell was detected in bone marrow of 13 patients.The pathologic type was NB in 9 patients (69.2%), and ganglioneuroma in 4 patients (30.8%). N-MYC gene amplification and 11q depletion were not detected.All the 13 patients accepted regular chemotherapy, radiotherapy and primary tumor resection in accordance with the staging and clinical risk grouping.The range of follow-up time was 5 to 48 months (median: 24 months). All of the patients fi-nished their treatment and were followed up regularly.Nine patients (69.2%) achieved complete remission, 4 patients (30.8%) achieved partial remission, and none of the patients had progression of disease.Conclusions:Cervical NB subjected to multi-disciplinary treatment has a smaller age at admission, mostly presented with cervical masses and rarely accompanied with distant metastasis.They are mostly at low risk or intermediate risk, and can achieve good outcomes after regular treatment.

Age-dependent changes of total and differential white blood cell counts in children / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Total and differential white blood cell counts are important for the diagnostic evaluation of suspected diseases. To facilitate the interpretation of total and differential white blood cell counts in pediatric patients, the present study investigated age-dependent changes in total and differential white blood cell counts in healthy reference children.@*METHODS@#Data were obtained from the Pediatric Reference Intervals in China study (PRINCE), which aims to establish and verify pediatric reference intervals for Chinese children based on a nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study from January 2017 to December 2018. Quantile curves were calculated using the generalized additive models for location, shape, and scale method. The 2.5th, 50th, and 97.5th quantile curves were calculated for both total and differential white blood counts. Percents of stacked area charts were used to demonstrate the proportions of differential white blood cells. All statistical analyses were performed using R software.@*RESULTS@#Both 50th and 97.5th quantiles of total white blood cell count and monocyte count were highest at birth, then rapidly decreased in the first 6 months of life; relatively slow reduction continued until 2 years of age. The lymphocyte count was low during infancy and increased to its highest level at 6 months of age; it then exhibited moderate and continuous reduction until approximately 9 years of age. The pattern of neutrophil count changed with age in a manner opposite to that of lymphocyte count. Besides, there were two inter-sections of lymphocyte count and neutrophil count during infancy and at approximately 5 years of age, based on locally weighted regression (LOESS) analysis. There were no apparent age-related changes in eosinophil or basophil counts.@*CONCLUSION@#These data regarding age-related changes in total and differential white blood cell counts can be used to assess the health of pediatric patients and guide clinical decisions.

Construction of transgenic mice with specific Cre recombinase expression in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex / 生理学报

The adrenal gland is an important endocrine organ of human body. CYP11B1 gene was specifically expressed in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex. In order to better study the function of genes specifically expressed in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex, the mice with Cre recombinase specifically expressed in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex were constructed. It was then confirmed that CYP11B1 was specifically expressed in adrenal glands. Then, using CRISPR/Cas9 technique, CYP11B1-2A-GfpCre recombinant vector was constructed and subsequently injected into the fertilized eggs of mice. It was confirmed that the Cre gene was mainly expressed in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex of CYP11B1Cre mice by using mTmG and LacZ staining. The CYP11B1Cre mice were then mated with cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) mice, thereby generating CTH/CYP11B1Cre mice. It was also confirmed that CTH gene in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex was specifically knocked out in these mice. These results suggest that transgenic mice with specific Cre recombinase expression in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex were constructed successfully. This animal model can be a powerful tool for the study of the function of genes expressed in the zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex.

Design, synthesis and of antitumor activity study of coumarinderivatives bearing benzothiazole or benzene moiety / 药学学报

Based on coumarin core structure as the procaspase-3 activator 1541 from our previous study, twelve coumarin derivatives bearing benzothiazole or benzene moiety were designed and synthesized. Target compounds were evaluated for in vitro antitumor activity against a procaspase-3 overexpressing cancer cell line (human histiocytic lymphoma cell, U937) and a procaspase-3 no-expression cancer cell line (human breast adenocarcinoma cell, MCF-7) to rule out off-target effects. The results revealed that coumarin derivatives bearing benzothiazole showed more potent inhibition activity and selectivity against procaspase-3 over-expressing cancer cell line (U937) than procaspase-3 low-sensitive cancer cell line (MCF-7). Caspase-3 activity evaluation showed that coumarin derivatives bearing benzothiazole showed remarkable caspase-3 activation activity, among them, compound 5f displayed the strongest activity with 93% degree. Flow cytometric assay revealed that compound 5f could inhibit proliferation of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis. Procaspase-3 activity assay showed that compound 5f showed strong procaspase-3 activation activity.

Prostaglandin E receptors differentially regulate the output of proinflammatory cytokines in myometrial cells from term pregnant women / 生理学报

Prostaglandin (PG) E plays critical roles during pregnancy and parturition. Emerging evidence indicates that human labour is an inflammatory event. We sought to investigate the effect of PGE on the output of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured human uterine smooth muscle cells (HUSMCs) from term pregnant women and elucidate the role of subtypes of PGE receptors (EP, EP, EP and EP). After drug treatment and/or transfection of each receptor siRNA, the concentrations of inflammatory secreting factors in HUSMCs culture medium were detected by the corresponding ELISA kits. The results showed that, PGE increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) output, decreased chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) output in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on IL-1β and chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2) secretion of HUSMCs. EP/EP agonist 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE stimulated IL-6 and TNFα whilst suppressing IL-1β and CXCL8 output. The effects of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE on IL-1β and CXCL8 secretion were remained whereas its effect on IL-6 and TNFα output did not occur in the cells with EP knockdown. The stimulatory effects of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE on IL-6 and TNFα were remained whereas the inhibitory effects of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE on IL-1β secretion was blocked in the cells with EP knockdown. Either of EP and EP agonists stimulated IL-1β and TNFα output, which was reversed by EP and EP siRNA, respectively. The inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) blocked EP/EP modulation of TNFα and CXCL8 output. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and P38 inhibitor SB202190 blocked 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE-induced IL-1β and IL-6 output, respectively. The inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase and PKA prevented EP and EP stimulation of IL-1β and TNFα output, whereas PLC and PKC inhibitors blocked EP- and EP-induced TNFα output but not IL-1β output. Our data suggest that PGE receptors exhibit different effects on the output of various cytokines in myometrium, which can subtly modulate the inflammatory microenvironment in myometrium during pregnancy.

Exploring an proactive model for pediatric integration medical service in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region / 中华医院管理杂志

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the " Capital Circle Area" in China, holding a strategic position and importance. The authors analyzed the medical and health service bottlenecks problems incurred by the shortage and unequal distribution of pediatric medical resources to be solved urgently. On such basis, this article introduced the experience of Beijing Children′s Hospital in a top-level design targeting at building a collaborative integrated health service system to meet children′s health requirements. The hospital created four types of proactive medical collaborative innovation, including a managed type, collaborative development type, technical support type and medical alliance type, aiming at providing a diversified Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration proactive medical service model. These efforts are designed to relieve the structural setback of supply and demand of pediatric medical services and better children′s health and families′ welfare.

The interpretation of Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

For a long time, the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric thyroid nodules and cancer (PTNC) are mainly referred to adults. In recent years, it has been found that there are great differences between PTNC and TNC in adults. In 2015, the American Thyroid Association released the first Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. In the guidelines, the characteristics of PTNC were described, and clear management strategies were provided. In this paper, we mainly interpret the surgical part of the guidelines and also review the associated research progress in recent years.