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Objective To investigate the nursing clinical practice of ICU ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)prevention and control of tertiary hospitals in China,and analyze relevant countermeasures.Methods A self-designed questionnaire consisted of 3 parts and 26 items.A questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses in 380 ICUs in 194 tertiary hospitals in 26 provinces from September 1 to 15,2021,using the convenient sampling method.Results A total of 380 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 100%.In the system process,369(97.11%)ICUs had files to prevent VAP;291(76.58%)ICUs had a checklist of measures to prevent VAP clustering;274(72.11%)ICUs had continuous improvement projects about VAP in the last 3 years.In the aspect of body position management,semi-decubitus position was the first choice for the patients with invasive mechanical ventilation of 338(88.95%)ICUs.For nursing operation,224(58.95%)ICUs used Subglottic suction,and 128(33.68%)among them used air shock to remove the retention on the balloon;normal saline is still routinely injected before sputum aspiration in 72(18.95%)ICUs.In terms of balloon pressure monitoring,253(66.58%)ICUs did the oral care 3-4 times a day.In the balloon pressure monitoring,313(82.37%)ICUs use airbag pressure gauges to intermittently monitor airbag pressure;293(77.11%)ICUs replaced the ventilator pipeline once a week.There are significant differences in the current practice status of different types of ICUs in terms of compliance strategies for bed head lifting,subglottic secretion drainage,airbag pressure monitoring,and oral care(P<0.05).Conclusion At present,the relevant systems and procedures to prevent VAP have been improved,but the specific prevention and control measures need to be further unified.Therefore,it is suggested to analyze the weak links of VAP nursing prevention and control practice in various medical structures,carry out relevant training and quality control for the weak links,and further improve the working mechanism of continuous quality improvement,thus effectively reduce the incidence of VAP.
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Objective:To investigate clinical, histopathological, molecular genetic characteristics, and immunophenotypes of superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) .Methods:The pathological data were collected from 19 cases of SCPFT from January 2015 to July 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and analyzed retrospectively.Results:In total, 19 cases of SCPET were enrolled, including 8 males and 11 females. Their age at onset ranged from 16 to 67 years, and the disease duration ranged from 3 months to 3 years. Tumors occurred in the thigh (6 cases), back (4 cases), shoulder (3 cases), abdominal wall (2 cases), popliteal fossa (1 case), lower leg (1 case), foot (1 case) and forehead (1 case). The tumor lengths were 0.8 - 4 (2.36 ± 0.76) cm, with relatively clear borders. Surgical excision was performed in all the 19 cases, and 1 case experienced recurrence. Histopathological examination showed that tumors were located in the dermis and subcutis, and infiltrated the peripheral fat tissues or the dermis; tumors were composed of abundant spindle cells and polygonal cells arranged in interlacing fascicles; cells with nuclear pleomorphism were observed in all cases, and were characterized by large, hyperchromatic and irregular nuclei, intranuclear pseudoinclusions, and prominent nucleoli; the mitotic figure was rare, and tumor necrosis was not found; inflammatory cell infiltration to different extents was observed in the tumor stroma, and lymphocyte sheaths were observed around the tumors in 2 cases. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong diffuse expression of CD34 in the tumor cells in all the 19 cases, the Ki-67 proliferation index was < 10% in 18 cases, and CKpan (2/12), desmin (2/15), and smooth muscle actin (1/19) were focally expressed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of PRDM10 gene rearrangements was performed in 3 cases, and identified PRDM10 rearrangements in 2 cases, including 1 case of SCPFT accompanied by lymphocyte sheaths without EWSR1 rearrangements. Conclusion:SCPFT is an intermediate fibroblastic tumor with no characteristic clinical manifestations, often accompanied by PRDM10 rearrangements, and its diagnosis depends on histopathological patterns.
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Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis has been employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of extracts or monomers.However,owing to the limited number of samples in standard RNA-seq,few studies have systematically compared the effects of PG and PN spanning multiple conditions at the transcriptomic level.Here,we developed an approach that simultaneously profiles transcriptome changes for multiplexed samples using RNA-seq(TCM-seq),a high-throughput,low-cost workflow to molecularly evaluate CM perturbations.A species-mixing experiment was conducted to illustrate the accuracy of sample multiplexing in TCM-seq.Transcriptomes from repeated samples were used to verify the robustness of TCM-seq.We then focused on the primary active components,Panax notoginseng sa-ponins(PNS)and Panax ginseng saponins(PGS)extracted from PN and PG,respectively.We also char-acterized the transcriptome changes of 10 cell lines,treated with four different doses of PNS and PGS,using TCM-seq to compare the differences in their perturbing effects on genes,functional pathways,gene modules,and molecular networks.The results of transcriptional data analysis showed that the tran-scriptional patterns of various cell lines were significantly distinct.PGS exhibited a stronger regulatory effect on genes involved in cardiovascular disease,whereas PNS resulted in a greater coagulation effect on vascular endothelial cells.This study proposes a paradigm to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanisms of action between CMs based on transcriptome readouts.
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OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for the safe use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists romiplostim and eltrombopag in clinic. METHODS FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) in the United States was adopted to collect adverse drug event (ADE) reports of romiplostim and eltrombopag from their launch in the United States to September 30, 2022; the ADE signals of the two drugs were analyzed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and the comprehensive standard method of the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. RESULTS A total of 14 021 and 4 431 ADE reports were collected about romiplostim and eltrombopag, respectively, with a gender composition of more females than males. After signal screening, 563 ADE signals were obtained about romiplostim, involving 25 system organ classes (SOC); eltrombopag had 433 ADE signals, involving 26 SOC. The most frequently reported ADE for both drugs was platelet count decreased (2 060, 1 585 cases), which was mentioned in their drug instructions. In terms of signal intensity, romiplostim exhibited the highest signal for abnormal thrombopoietin levels (ROR of 2 268.85), while eltrombopag had the highest signal for positive dengue virus test (ROR of 954.50), with neither of these signals mentioned in their respective drug instructions. CONCLUSIONS The ADE of romiplostim and eltrombopag mainly affects the blood and lymphatic system, and there are many new suspicious high-risk signals.
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ObjectiveTo explore the structural characteristics and functional differences of intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of dampness heat trapping spleen(DHTS) syndrome and Qi-Yin deficiency(QYD) syndrome. MethodFrom June 2018 to January 2020,62 T2DM patients with DHTS syndrome and 60 with QYD syndrome were selected from Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Serum and fecal samples were collected to compare body mass index(BMI),glucose and lipid metabolism,fasting insulin (FINS) and fasting C-peptide (FCP) levels,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) of the two syndrome types. Fecal samples were extracted for DNA database construction,and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze and compare the intestinal flora and metabolic pathways. Result① The BMI,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),FINS,FCP,and HOMA-IR were higher in patients with DHTS syndrome than in patients with QYD syndrome,and the high density lipoprotein(HDL) of the former was lower than that of the latter,(P<0.05,P<0.01). ② In terms of species composition and differences,Bacteroidetes, Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria were dominant at the class level,and the relative abundance of Clostridia,Mollicutes and Verrucomicrobiae in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group. At the order level,Bacteroidales,Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales were mainly found. The relative abundance of Clostridiales,Erysipelotrichales and Verrucomicrobiales in QYD syndrome group was obviously higher than that in DHTS syndrome group,while Aeromonadales in the former was lower than that in the latter (P<0.05). At the family level,Bacteroidaceae,Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae were predominant. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group(P<0.05). At the genus level,Bacteroides,Prevotella and Parabacteroides were mainly found. The relative abundance of Parabacteroides,Butyrivibrio and Ruminiclostridium in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group,while that of Klebsiella and Megasphaera in DHTS syndrome group was higher than that in QYD syndrome group(P<0.05). ③ Through Venn analysis of operational taxonomic units(OTU),it was found that there were 49 OTUs in patients with DHTS syndrome patients and 47 OTUs in QYD syndrome patients. ④ The results of OTU β diversity and α analysis showed that Shannon and Simpson indexes had statistical differences,while Ace and Chao indexes had no statistical differences. The intestinal microbial diversity of patients with QYD syndrome was higher than that of patients with DHTS syndrome(P<0.05). The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that the difference of β diversity between the two groups was significant(P<0.05). ⑤ Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe) results demonstrated that Klebsiella,Megasphaera and Aeromonadales could be selected as the key biomarkers for DHTS syndrome; 14 bacteria such as Ruminiclostridium,Burkholderiaceae,Lautropia,Butyrivibrio,Erysipelotrichales can be selected as the key biomarkers for QYD syndrome. ⑥Functional annotation and analysis showed that the DHTS syndrome involved 9 metabolic pathways,including arginine and proline metabolism,lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis,nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism,while the QYD syndrome involved 10 metabolic pathways,including acarbose and valinomycin biosynthesis,glucagon signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. ConclusionThere are obvious differences in intestinal flora and functions in T2DM patients of DHTS syndrome and QYD syndrome,which can be used as reference for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation and the target of TCM treatment.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of shikonin on autophagy and apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. METHODS:After treating HCT 116 cells for 48 h with shikonin at 0(blank control )10,20,40 μg/mL,MTT method was used to detect inhibitory rate of cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rate. RT-qPCR assay and Western blotting were respectively used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of microtubule associated protein light chain 3(LC3)and autophagy-related protein Beclin- 1 and p 62. RESULTS :Compared with blank control ,after treated with 10,20,40 μ g/mL shikonin for 48 h,proliferation inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of HCT 116 cells were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P< 0.01). After treated with 10,20,40 μg/mL shikonin for 48 h,mRNA and protein expressions of LC 3,Beclin-1 and p 62 in HCT116 cells were increased to different extents ;except that mRNA expression of LC 3 was not increased significantly after treated with 10 μg/mL shikonin,the difference were statistically significant in other indexes ,compared with blank control (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS :Shikonin can induce the apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT 116 cells and activate its autophagy pathway.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the c onstruction of subject diagnosis and treatment scheme in drug clinical trials. METHODS :The subject diagnosis and treatment module was developed and implemented in our hospital on the basis of CTMS,and its effects were evaluated. RESULTS :A subject diagnosis and treatment module was established in CTMS of our hospital. Within one year from the launch of the module in the middle of October ,2019,the overall number of subjects in the group showed an increasing trend ,and the overall mean dropout rate of subjects was 0.16%. The data interface of CTMS system , hospital information system (HIS),laboratory information management system ,medical imaging information system had been established,so as to realize the synchronization of subject information (displaying subject identification in HIS system )and the interaction of diagnosis and treatment information and billing data (patients and subjects were charged separately ). Since the launch of the module ,the amount of data generated by the interface had been increasing ,and the number of departments producing the subject diagnosis and treatment business had been increasing month by month. Compared with subject diagnosis and treatment project based on HIS system ,the number of subject diagnosis and treatment business based on CTMS system was increased significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS :The subject diagnosis and treatment module based on CTMS improves the efficiency of subject diagnosis and treatment project implementation and financial settlement ,and realizes the efficient implementation of drug clinical trial projects in large general hospitals.
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This paper summarizes the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years, and concludes that the active constituents of Aconiti radix treating rheumatoid arthritis mainly by reducing the tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, -6, -8, vascular endothelial growth factor, nuclear factor B, transient receptor potential vanillic acid. Receptor type 1 expression and up-regulating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 levels.
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For multicellular organisms, cell-cell communication is essential to numerous biological processes. Drawing upon the latest development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), high-resolution transcriptomic data have deepened our understanding of cellular phenotype heterogeneity and composition of complex tissues, which enables systematic cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell level. We first summarize a common workflow of cell-cell communication study using scRNA-seq data, which often includes data preparation, construction of communication networks, and result validation. Two common strategies taken to uncover cell-cell communications are reviewed, e.g., physically vicinal structure-based and ligand-receptor interaction-based one. To conclude, challenges and current applications of cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell resolution are discussed in details and future perspectives are proposed.
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Animals , Humans , Cell Communication , RNA-Seq , Single-Cell Analysis , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of benzoyl aconitine (BAC) on autophagy and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells, and to investigate its mechanism in anti-non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: A549 cells were treated with different doses of BAC (10, 50, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L), and then cell morphology was obtained; the proliferation inhibition rate of the cell was determined by CCK-8 assay. The cells were divided into control group (without drug), BAC low-dose and high-dose groups (200, 400 μmol/L). After treated with relevant drugs, the apoptosis rate of cells was determined by flow cytometry. The gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 as well as autophagy-related factors Beclin1, LC3, P62 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting assay. RESULTS: After treated with different doses of BAC, the cells were shrunken and sparsely arranged; inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was increased significantly in BAC 100, 200, 400 μmol/L groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rates of cells were increased to different extents in BAC low-dose and high-dose groups after treated for 24 and 48 h, in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Compared with control group, mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and P62 were decreased to different extents in BAC groups; mRNA expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Beclin1 and LC3 as well as protein expression of Bax, Active caspase-3, P62, Beclin1, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were increased to different extent; there was statistical significance in mRNA expression of Caspase-3, and protein expression of Bcl-2, Active Caspase-3, Beclin1, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and P62 in BAC low-dose group as well as all target mRNA and protein expression in BAC high-dose group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), in dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: BAC can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of A549 cells, promote Beclin1, LC3(LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ),Bax and Caspase-3 (Active Caspase-3) gene and their protein expression, but inhibit P62 and Bcl-2 gene and their protein expression. The mechanism may be related to BAC inducing apoptosis by promoting excessive autophagy of cells.
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Objective:To design and implement a low-power and portable transcranial direct current stimulator controlled by mobile phones. Methods:The constant current stimulation circuit was realized by a field effect transistor, which could output stable and adjustable low-intensity direct current, and the impedance detection circuit and the over-current protection circuit increased the effectiveness and safety of the stimulator. The control and real-time detection of the stimulation circuit was realized through a microcontroller, and the parameters' settings of the stimulator and the display and preservation of the actual stimulus information were realized through the Android software on the smartphone. Results:The output current strength and accuracy, maximum load, as well as the timing, device connection, stimulus information collection and display all achieved the expected goals. Conclusion:The design realized the mobile control of the stimulator, with portability, low cost and low power consumption, providing a new solution for wider applications.
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This study aimed to construct an intelligent fluorescent nanocarrier for tumor cell tracing. Doxorubicin (DOX) was used as a model drug, and the gene targeting siBcl-2 was loaded to achieve synergistic inhibition of tumor cells. Mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSN) were prepared by a sol-gel method, and acetaldehyde cystine (AC) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were covalently modified. The prepared nanocarrier MSN-AC-PEI was uniformly dispersed, with a particle size of 235.53 nm and a potential of 14.63 mV. The carrier material MSN-AC-PEI could load siRNA with the mass ratio of 60∶1 (Wvectors∶WsiRNA) and protect siRNA from RNase I degradation. To simulate the microenvironment of tumor, DOX release in phosphate buffer (pH 5) including 10 mmol·L-1 glutathione (GSH) was investigated. The cumulative release rate of DOX at 120 h is 35 times that of the normal physiological environment, which lays the foundation for the intelligent release of DOX in tumor cells. The results of cell experiments showed that the carrier material MSN-AC-PEI had significant green fluorescence, and the traceability can be maintained for 24 h after taken up by MCF-7 cells. After 24 hours of administration of the nano drug delivery system MSN-AC-PEI@DOX/siBcl-2, the inhibition rate of tumor cell proliferation reached 40.91%, and the late apoptosis rate was 60.84%. The Western blot results showed that compared with free DOX and siBcl-2, the nano-delivery system MSN-AC-PEI@DOX/siBcl-2 can significantly reduce the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, thereby enhancing its anti-tumor ability.
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Objective:To establish HPLC-UV fingerprints of Ilex pubescens pieces,and simultaneously determine two components in 46 batches of I. pubescens in pieces of I. pubescens saponin A1 and B1,in order to provide a reference for the quality standard of I. pubescens slices. Method:Methanol was used to extract the I. pubescens saponin samples,and the extracts were measured by HPLC-UV with the absorption wavelength at 210 nm. Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used for determining the extracts at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The mobile phase condition was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution with gradient mode. The chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine (2012 edition) was used to analyze I. pubescens fingerprints. SPSS 20.0 software was used to cluster the peak area of common peaks. Principal component analysis was performed to reduce the dimension of common peaks. Result:There were great differences between the root and stem parts in I. pubescens fingerprints. The fingerprints of roots and stems of I. pubescens were established respectively,cluster results assorted the roots of I. pubescens into three categories andthe branches of I. pubescens into two categories. The integrity and difference of I. pubescens decoction pieces from different parts and places of origin were compared,and the principal component analysis was performed to screen out the common components that played a decisive role in fingerprint of I. pubescens pieces. And the common peaks were determined. The content of saponin A1 and saponin B1 in Radix I. pubescens were determined. Conclusion:The established I. pubescens fingerprints and content determination methods are simple and suitable. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis are used to screen out the key components of quality control of I. pubescens. The results can provide references for quality control of I. pubescens.
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Objective To study the effects of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, saikosaponin a, and saikosaponin d in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Bupleuri Radix (GRRBR) herb pair and its preparations by using quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS). Methods On the basis of ginsenoside Rg1, the relative correction factors between the ginsenoside Rg1 and the other four saponins were established, and then the contents of the other four saponins were calculated. At the same time, the contents of the five components were determined by external standard method and compared with those evaluated by QAMS. The relative retention time was determined by different chromatographic columns. It could be considered that QAMS was feasible and accurate in the determination of saponins in GRRBR herb pair. Results A quantitative control method of five kinds of saponins was established, and the methodological results were good. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contents of five kinds of saponins in GRRBR herb pair, Xiaochaihu Decoction, and Kaixin Jieyu Prescription between QAMS group and external standard method group. Conclusion QAMS is suitable for the determination of saponin in GRRBR herb pair, which can be used as a reference for the determination of its effective components and the establishment of compound quality control method.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic characteristics of dapagliflozin combined with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus systematically. METHODS:Retrieved from Health Technology Assessment(HTA),Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang and CBM during database establishment to Jul. 2017,published pharmacoeconomics literatures about dapagliflozin combined with metformin were collected,using"sodium-glucose-transporter-2 inhibitors""SGLT2 inhibitor""metformin""dapagliflozin""cost""benefit""utility""effectiveness""pharmacoeconomic""economic"as English retrieval words and"SGLT2 inhibitor""dage liejing""metformin""cost""benefit""utility""effectiveness"as Chinese retrieval words. Outcome indexes included incremental cost,incremental effect,cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER).The results of the economic research in the included literatures were evaluated systematically. RESULTS:Totally of 4 literatures were included,and all of them were cost-effectiveness analysis. Dapagliflozin was more cost-effective than sulfonylurea because the ICER of dapagliflozin were €2 709/QALY,€10 494/QALY,€7 939/QALY,€5 433/QALY,€4 767/QALY and €6 094/QALY in the UK,Greece,Denmark,Finland,Norway and Sweden,respectively,which were all lower than willingness-to-pay threshold. Dapagliflozin was more cost-effective than DPP-4 inhibitor,and the ICER were €7 200/QALY and €15 120/QALY in the UK and Greece,respectively,which were all lower than willingness-to-pay threshold. CONCLUSIONS:Current economic research shows compared with sulfonylurea and DDP-4 inhibitor,dapagliflozin is a cost-effective treatment alternative for patients with T2DM whose metformin regimen does not provide sufficient glycemic control.
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Objective To design a medical cadre management system to improve cadre management in flexibility,rationality and openness.Methods The system was developed based on the traditional information management system,which used J2EE SSM framework to execute data management and logical operation and applied Wechat official account to implement cross-platform operation.Results The system facilitated cadre training and evaluation greatly.Conclusion The system contributes to collecting information on cadre evaluation and improving cadre training,and has practical values.
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Objective To design a medical cadre management system to improve cadre management in flexibility,rationality and openness.Methods The system was developed based on the traditional information management system,which used J2EE SSM framework to execute data management and logical operation and applied Wechat official account to implement cross-platform operation.Results The system facilitated cadre training and evaluation greatly.Conclusion The system contributes to collecting information on cadre evaluation and improving cadre training,and has practical values.
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Screening out the safety-related substances and establishing the corresponding standard has been a key research issue to improve the safety of traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMIs). 5-HMF which widely exists in sugar-containing TCMIs has long been considered as an important safety-related substance. In this review, we summarizes the research progress on the toxicology of 5-HMF as well as the content and standards of 5-HMF in TCMIs.Therein, both literature summary and analysis results indicate that there are lack of toxicology researches of 5-HMF and its metabolites in TCMIs, although the potential toxicity of 5-HMF and its metabolites has been reported. Moreover, the content of 5-HMF largely varies from TCMIs to TCMIs, and even in the same TCMIs from different factories. To ensure the clinical efficacy of TCMIs, it urgent to carry out the study of the toxicology of 5-HMF in TCMIs comprehensively and systematically, so as to set up a relatively uniform standard as well as to develop process quality control method.
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To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of phloridzin, 3-hydroxy phloridzin and quercitrin in leaves of Malus halliana by ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid coupled with RP-HPLC. An Agilent TC-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column was used, with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 1% phosphoric acid-water (20∶80) by gradient elution at the detection wavelength of 270 nm. The flow rate was 0.8 mL•min⁻¹, and chromatographic column temperature was controlled at the room temperature. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges for phloridzin, 3-hydroxy phloridzin and quercitrin were 0.9-112.5 μg (r = 0.999 6), 0.093 2-11.65 μg (r = 0.999 1) and 0.097 2-12.15 μg (r = 0.999 8), respectively. The average recoveries of the three constituents were 99.35%, 98.80% and 98.19%, respectively. The method was environmental friendly, rapid, accurate and highly reproducible, and so suitable for the quantitative analysis of phloridzin, 3-hydroxy phloridzin and quercitrin in leaves of M. halliana.
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The objective of this paper is to discover new potent inhibitors against EphB4 for cancer therapy via computer-aided drug design strategies including building 3D-QSAR models,virtual screening and molecular doc-king means.The first step is to generate pharmacophore models based on Catalyst/HypoGen algorithm.The best model,Hypo1,has the highest Correl value (0.96),the lowest RMS value (0.89),the closest total cost (101.26) to fixed cost (89.20),and the best Δcost (89.14).Subsequently,Hypo1 was subjected to test set validation and Fischer′s randomization verification and then was used as a 3D query to screen database.In order to further nar-row the number of hits,drug-likeness screening and molecular docking techniques were applied.Finally,23 novel molecules with diverse scaffolds were selected as possible candidates against EphB4 for further studies based on predicted activity analysis,docking scores,and binding modes analysis methods.