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【Objective】 To evaluate the clinical use of the baseline CT angiography (CTA) quantitative score (self-designed collateral circulation quantitative, SD-CCQ) in determining the collateral circulation compensation status in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as well as the reliability and accuracy of the SD-CCQ score and the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). 【Methods】 Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical and imaging data, including CT, CTA and DWI image data, of 84 patients who were admitted for acute ischemic stroke to the Department of Neurorehabilitation of Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022.Their CTA source images were annotated using a multi-task deep learning method for vascular segmentation. The ASPECTS score and SD-CCQ score were then applied to the CTA images following vascular segmentation in order to assess the collateral circulation compensation of AIS patients. The Kappa test was used to assess the consistency of the two methods used to assess collateral circulation, and the multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the SD-CCQ and the prognosis of the AIS patients. 【Results】 ASPECTS score had good consistency with SD-CCQ score in evaluating collateral circulation in AIS patients (κ=0.65, P<0.001), and the diagnostic accuracy of the latter for benign collateral circulation in AIS was 96.15%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the new collateral circulation score, baseline NIHSS, and DWI infarct volume were the main factors affecting the long-term prognosis of AIS patients. 【Conclusion】 The new scoring system SD-CCQ can be used to evaluate the compensatory status of collateral circulation in AIS patients, which may help in clinical treatment decision-making and prognosis prediction.
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【Objective】 This study endeavors to introduce the statistical process control (SPC) method to analyze the quality control index concerning red blood cells in additive solution with leukocytes reduced, with the aspiration to advance the effective utilization of blood quality control data, thereby providing empirical foundations for the continual enhancement of blood quality. 【Methods】 Between 2020 and 2022, test data pertaining to the quality control index of red blood cells in additive solution with leukocytes reduced were amassed from six blood stations in Chongqing area. Utilizing Minitab software, the SPC analysis was carried out, p-control charts were delineated, the non-conformance rates of each quality control index along with their 95% confidence intervals were computed, as well as the Process Capability Index (Z value). 【Results】 In accordance with the Whole Blood and Blood Components Quality Requirements, the appraisal of the quality control indexes for red blood cells in additive solution with leukocytes reduced manifested a conformity rate of 100% for appearance, end-of-storage hemolysis rate and sterility test. Nonetheless, the conformity rates for volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit and residual leukocytes did not attain 100%, albeit all were ≥75%. Through the employment of binomial distribution-based p-control charts, the controlled state of the production process was discerned. Although the overarching conformity rate satisfied the national standard stipulations, it was discerned that there were out-of-control points concerning volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and residual leukocytes across different institutions, exhibiting palpable trends. The non-conformance rates of all quality control indexes were less than 25%, yet at a 95% confidence level, the residual leukocyte counts from institutions B, C, E, and F did not adhere to the stipulations (exceeding 25%). By architecting the ability evaluation index Z value for count data process capability analysis, it was unveiled that the volume of institution E, the hematocrit of institutions B, C, and F, and the residual leukocytes Z values of all six blood collection and supply institutions were below 2, hinting at avenues for amelioration. 【Conclusion】 The SPC method anchored in binomial distribution exhibits substantial application merit in blood component quality management, facilitating real-time surveillance of blood collection, preparation, and storage procedures.
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Objective:To understand the current situation and influencing factors of depression among residents in Chongqing, and to explore the relationship between depression and administration satisfaction of the standardized residency training.Methods:Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 372 residents currently participating the standardized residency training in Chongqing. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and administration satisfaction of residency training questionnaire were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey on the depression status and satisfaction of residents in Chongqing. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for partial correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between depression and administration satisfaction of the standardized residency training.Results:Among the 372 residents, 218 had mild depression and above (58.60%). There was a significant difference in the incidence of depression among residents of different ages, educational background, marital status, working hours and administration satisfaction of residency training ( χ2 = 23.02, 17.35, 12.24, 21.70, 95.20; P = 0.028, 0.027, 0.016, 0.041, <0.001 respectively). Partial correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the total score of depression and the five aspects of the administration satisfaction (total score, instructors, training base, managers and training income) ( r=-0.52, -0.45, -0.47, -0.45, -0.40, all P<0.01). In the binary logistic regression analysis of depression and satisfaction,the satisfaction had a negative impact on depression, and its B value was -1.71, and OR value was 0.18, P<0.001. Conclusion:The incidence of depression among residents in Chongqing is high. Age, educational background, marital status, working hours and administration satisfaction are related to the degree of depression. And the higher the degree of depression, the lower the administration satisfaction of residents. Relevant departments should pay attention to the mental health of residents and improve the quality of standardized residency training.
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Lacunar stroke (LS) is one of the subtypes of small cerebral vascular disease. Recent studies have shown that LS has a high risk of cognitive impairment, which imposes a heavy burden on patients, their families and society. However, at present, there is a lack of comprehensive discussion on the related factors, pathogenic mechanism, clinical features, prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment in LS patients. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between LS and cognitive impairment, in order to provide clinical basis for early prevention and rehabilitation plan, and improve long-term follow-up awareness and comprehensive management ability of cognitive function in LS patients.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors for futile recanalization in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (EMT), and establish a nomogram model predicting futile recanalization in these patients.Methods:One hundred and eighty-eight patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion after EMT were enrolled from Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to December 2021. Patients were divided into futile recanalization group and effective recanalization group according to whether futile recanalization occurred; futile recanalization was defined as successful recanalization showed by immediate postoperative DSA (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [mTICI] ≥2b), but poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] scores>2 90 d after surgery). The clinical data were compared between futile recanalization group and effective recanalization group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for futile recanalization. R software was used to establish a nomogram model for futile recanalization. C-index was used to evaluate the differentiation of the model, and correction curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the line graph model prediction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the nomogram model.Results:Ninety-two patients had futile recanalization. Compared with the effective recanalization group, futile recanalization group had significantly older age, significantly higher hemoglobin A1c on admission, significantly longer time from puncture to vascular recanalization, significantly higher proportions of patients with hypertension history and poor collateral circulation, and significantly different severities of stroke and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and distribution of occlusive sites ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, history of hypertension, time from puncture to vascular recanalization, poor collateral circulation, severe WMHs, and moderate-severe stroke were independent risk factors for futile recanalization after EMT in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion ( P<0.05). A nomogram model of futile recanalization was established according to the above 6 factors, with C-index of 0.862 ( 95%CI: 0.809-0.914); the calibration curve of the model was highly coordinated to the ideal model curve; area under the ROC curve of futile recanalization was 0.862 ( 95%CI: 0.809-0.914, P<0.001). Conclusions:Acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion patients with older age, history of hypertension, longer time from puncture to vascular recanalization, poor collateral circulation, severe WMHs, and moderate-severe stroke trend to have futile recanalization after EMT. This nomogram can predict futile recanalization after EMT.
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OBJECTIVE To study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of the ethanol extract and the drug-containing serum of Zhuang medicine Stahlianthus involucratus on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation. METHODS The drug-containing serum or blank serum was obtained by intragastrical administration of ethanol extract of S. involucratus (75.35 g/kg) or purified water. Using RAW264.7 cells as objects, RAW264.7 cells were divided into normal control group, LPS group (1 μg/mL), S. involucratus ethanol extract high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups (50, 25, 12.5 μg/mL), 4% or 15% blank serum groups, 4% or 15% blank serum+LPS groups, 4% or 15% drug-containing serum groups, 4% or 15% drug-containing serum+LPS groups. After culturing for 24 h, cell viability, the contents of nitric oxide tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukinand IL-6 as well as mRNA expressions of Toll-like eceptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF- κB) and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were all detected in each group. 0771-4953513。E-mail:zhuhuagx@163.com RESULTS After culturing for 24 h, there was no statisticalsignificance in the difference of cell viability. Compared with normal control group, the contents of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB, and protein expressions of NOS and COX-2 were increased significantly in LPS group (P<0.05). Compared with 4% or 15% blank serum groups, the levels of above indexes were increased significantly in 4% or 15% blank serum+LPS groups (P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the levels of above indexes were decreased significantly in S. involucratus ethanol extract groups (P<0.05). Compared with 4% or 15% blank serum+LPS groups, the levels of above indexes were decreased significantly in 4% or 15% drug-containing serum+LPS groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ethanol extract and the drug-containing serum of S. involucratus can significantly alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory reaction, the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the activity of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, down-regulating the protein expressions of COX-2 and NOS, and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of the zinc finger protein 18 (ZNF18) in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue and analyze its relationship with the clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods:Cancer tissue specimens from 131 patients with PDAC who were surgically resected and pathologically confirmed at First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from March 2017 to December 2019 were collected. ZNF18 protein expression in cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and high and low ZNF18 expression groups were divided based on the expression level of ZNF18. . Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the relationship between ZNF18 expression level and overall survival rate of PDAC patients. Furthermore, the correlation between ZNF18 protein expression level and clinicopathological features was analyzed, and the Cox regression hazards model was applied for the univariate and multivariate analysis of the factors affecting the prognosis of PDAC patients.Results:82 of 131(62.60%) PDAC tissues had high ZNF18 expression, and 49(37.40%) PDAC tissues had low ZNF18 expression; the survival time in the high ZNF18 expression group was significantly higher than that in the low ZNF18 expression group (21.53±0.69 months vs 12.17±1.57 months), and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.001). Low ZNF18 expression in PDAC was associated with lymph node metastasis( P<0.05), but was not correlated with gender, age, tumor location, tumor volume, differentiation degree, TNM stage, nerve invasion, and vascular cancer thrombus. The results of the univariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation degree, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and ZNF18 expression were all associated with the prognosis of PDAC patients. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation degree( HR=0.463, 95% CI 0.279-0.769, P=0.003), lymph node metastasis( HR=2.062, 95% CI 1.247-3.409, P=0.005), and ZNF18 expression( HR=0.416, 95% CI 0.255-0.676, P<0.001) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with PDAC. Conclusions:Low ZNF18 expression in PDAC tissues was closely associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. ZNF18 can be used as an important molecular marker to evaluate the prognostic survival of PDAC patients.
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OBJECTI VE To optimize the extraction technology of the leaves of Dimocarpus longan according to flavonoids and phenolic acids. METHODS The contents of gallic acid ,protocatechuic acid ,ethyl gallate ,quercetin,luteolin and kaempferol in the leaves of D. longan were determined by HPLC. Based on single factor test ,with the ethanol volume fraction ,solid-liquid ratio and extraction time as factors ,using comprehensive scores of the contents of above six components as indexes ,the extraction technology of the leaves of D. longan was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology. RESULTS The optimal extraction technology included ethanol volume fraction of 100%,solid-liquid ratio of l ∶ 7(g/mL),extraction time of 90 min, extraction temperature of 80 ℃. After 3 times of validation tests ,the average comprehensive score was 97.54(RSD=0.33%,n= 3),relative error of which with predicted score (99.05)was 1.55%. CONCLUSIONS Box-Behnken response surface methodology combined with multi-index comprehensive score can be used for the extraction technology of the leaves of D. longan ,and the optimized extraction technology is stable and feasible.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and the outcomes after reperfusion therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS treated with reperfusion therapy (intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular mechanical thrombectomy or bridging therapy) in the Stroke Center of Zhongshan Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical baseline data of the patients were collected. The Fazekas scale was used to evaluate the severity of WMHs according to the MRI images. At 90 d after discharge, the modified Rankin Scale was used to evaluate the outcomes. A score of ≤ 2 was defined as good outcome, and a score of >2 was defined as poor outcome. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation (HT), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and poor outcomes. Results:A total of 676 patients with AIS treated with reperfusion therapy were enrolled. Among them, 506 patients (74.9%) were complicated with WMHs, and 80 (11.8%) had severe WMHs. One hundred and thirty-two patients (19.5%) had HT, 34 (5.0%) had sICH, and 306 (45.3%) had a poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that severe WMHs was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of HT (odds ratio [ OR] 1.890, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.047-3.413; P=0.035) and poor outcomes ( OR 3.366, 95% CI 1.567-7.232; P=0.002) after reperfusion treatment in patients with AIS, but there was no independent correlation with sICH ( OR 8.403, 95% CI 0.891-79.294; P=0.063). Conclusion:Severe WMHs is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of HT and poor outcomes in patients with AIS after reperfusion treatment, but it has no independent correlation with sICH.
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Objective:To investigate the correlations of collateral circulation with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and short-term prognoses in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after different reperfusion therapies.Methods:Four hundred and forty-nine patients with AIS after different reperfusion therapies, admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019, were chosen in our study. These patients were divided into HT group ( n=90) and non-HT group ( n=359) according to whether HT presented or not. The baseline data, clinical characteristics, and prognoses of patients between the 2 groups were compared. And the variables of P<0.05 in univariate analysis were re-analyzed by multivariate Logistics regression to identify the independent influencing factors for HT in patients with AIS; the correlations between cerebral collateral circulation grading (American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology [ASITN/SIR], and modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI]) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at discharge were explored. Results:(1) There were significant differences between patients in the two groups in terms of age, percentages of patients with atrial fibrillation, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, emergency blood glucose, platelet count, and percentages of patients used dual antiplatelet agents and statin ( P<0.05). (2) Results of multivariate Logistics analysis: moderate stroke (NIHSS scores of 9-15), severe stroke (NIHSS scores≥16), elevated emergency glucose, atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and bridging therapy were independent risk factors for HT, and good collateral circulation status and dual antiplatelet therapy were independent protective factors for HT. (3) Correlation of collateral circulation with short-term prognosis: mRS scores of patients at discharge were negatively correlated with ASITN/SIR grading of collateral circulation and mTICI grading ( rs=-0.201, P=0.003; rs=-0.222, P=0.001). Further grouping by different reperfusion therapies showed that ASITN/SIR grading in the intravenous thrombolysis group and mTICI grading in the bridging therapy group were negatively correlated with mRS scores of these patients at discharge ( rs=-0.176, P=0.016; rs=-0.271, P=0.010). Conclusion:AIS patients with poor collateral circulation who receive reperfusion therapies are more likely to develop HT than patients with good collateral circulation, enjoying a relatively poor short-term prognosis.
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Reperfusion therapy has become a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke, which can effectively improve the outcomes of patients and reduce the mortality. Some studies have found that reperfusion therapy may increase the incidence of post-stroke seizures and post-stroke epilepsy, but this view is still controversial. This article reviews the recent studies on reperfusion therapy and post-stroke seizures and post-stroke epilepsy.
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To retrospectively analyze the safety and efficacy of low dose rituximab regimen in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Among 12 cases, 11 achieved complete remission (CR), 1 with partial remission (PR). Patients received 15 infusions with a median of 2.5(1-4) in each. The EBV DNA negative transformation period was 5-25 days with median 12 days. Low dose rituximab could be an alternative choice in patients with EBV infection after allo-HSCT.
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Objective To determine the detergent-enzymatic cycles and evaluate the biomechanical characteristics as well as extracellular matrix integrity of the decellularized tracheal scaffold in rabbit.Methods Forty tracheal segments were harvested from New Zealand white rabbits.Thirty-five of tracheas were subjected to a detergent-enzymatic method of decellularization for 1/3/5/6/7/8/9 cycles,respectively,and other five were stored in phosphate-buffered saline at 4℃ as a control.Comparative examinations were performed by the macroscopic view,histological view(hematoxylin and eosin stain,Movat Pentachrome stain,4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and biomechanical properties between decellularized groups and control group.Results After 7 detergent-enzymatic cycles,almost complete decellularized tracheae,retaining the hierarchical and mechanical properties of the native tissues,could be obtained.Histological and molecular biology analysis demonstrated that all cellular components and nuclear material were removed.SEM analysis revealed that the decellularized matrices retained the hierarchical structures of native trachea,and biomechanical tests showed that decellularization approach did not led to any influence on tracheal morphological and mechanical properties.Immunofluorescence analysis show a significant reduction of nuclear material in decellularized tracheas (P < 0.05).Conclusion In conclusion,this work suggests that 7 cycles of the modified DEM generates a bioengineered rabbit tracheal matrix that is structurally and mechanically similar to native trachea which could be a better selection for tracheal reconstruction with tissue engineering method.
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Objective To investigate the changes of middle cerebral artery(MCA) in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular re-serve capacity(CVR) and its related factors .Methods 80 patients of MCA stenosis diagnosed by transcranial Doppler(TCD) and (or) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were divided into asymptomatic group(n=52) and symptom group(n=28) ,and selected 30 healthy people without cerebral vascular stenosis and stroke risk factors as control group .All subjects underwent TCD combined with breath holding test in patients with CVR ,clinical data were compared in patients with cerebrovascular stenosis ,Logistic appli-cation of single factor and multi factor regression were used to analyed the factors affecting CVR .Results The breath holding index (BHI)of symptom group was 0 .44 ± 0 .14 ,significantly lower than that of the asymptomatic group 0 .75 ± 0 .22 and control group 0 .98 ± 0 .27(P<0 .05) .Patients with smoking index ,symptom group drinking index ,hypertension ,hyperlipidemia ,diabetes ,family history of stroke ,carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) were significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic group(P<0 .05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking ,hypertension ,hyperlipemia ,diabetes ,IMT were associated with BHI(P<0 .05) . Conclusion Symptomatic MCA ischemia in patients with decreased CVR ,CVR changes and smoking index in patients with stroke risk index ,drinking ,hypertension and other factors are related to lower CVR ,and has a certain value in cerebral ischemic event pre-diction .
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<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) has been widely used as the second- and third-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its effect in the first-line treatment is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical characteristics, responses rate, disease control rate and overall survival were retrospectively analyzed in 77 chemonaive patients with advanced NSCLC. All of the patients received oral gefitinib (250 mg/d) or erlotinib (150 mg/d) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurrence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall response rate was 33.8% and the disease control rate was 68.8%. The median progression-free survival and the median survival time were 6.0 months and 8.9 months, respectively. One-year survival rate was 61.4%. Responses correlated significantly with histology, PS score, smoking history, skin rash, EGFR mutations and serum CEA. Histology and skin rash were the independent predictors of survival. Common toxicities were skin rash and mild diarrhea. EGFR-TKI could improve the clinical symptoms and the quality of life.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGFR-TKI is effective and well tolerated as first-line therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Administration, Oral , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Drug Therapy , Mortality , Erlotinib Hydrochloride , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Quinazolines , Therapeutic Uses , ErbB Receptors , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Erythromycin spreads widely in the body with a short period of effective concentrations and has a lot of adverse effects.Therefore,it is necessary to make erythromycin as targeted medicine.OBJECTIVE:To optimize the preparation conditions of erythromycin gelatin microspheres.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An orthogonal controlled test was performed in the Department of Pharmacy,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from June to December in 2005.MATERIALS:Erythromycin and gelatin.METHODS:According to the emulsion principle,erythromycin dispersed in the gelatin solution.In the process of preparing microspheres,the gelatin solution and oil should form W/O emulsion and then it turned into spheres by solidification.The formation and quality of microspheres were influenced by four factors,namely the concentration of gelatin,dosage of emulsifier,the solidification time and the speed of mixing.The arithmetic mean diameter of microspheres,the drug loading efficiency and the encapsulation efficiency were targets for the survey in this study on the basis of pretests.The best preparation conditions were optimized in accordance with the results of L9 (34) orthogonal tests.The optimized preparation conditions were obtained according to the results of orthogonal tests.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The mean diameter of microspheres,the drug loading efficiency,the encapsulation efficiency,and the orthogonal tests were examined.RESULTS:The optimized preparation conditions of erythromycin gelatin microspheres included 15% gelatin,3.0 mL emulsifier,0.5 hour solidification and mixing at 1 000 r/rain.The erythromycin gelatin microspheres were regular in their morphology.Drug was enveloped in microspheres.The average particle size was (14.15±0.20) μm;the drug loading efficiency and the encapsulation efficiency were (5.83±0.38)% and (65.70±0.56)%,respectively.Over 90.16% of the microspheres was in the range of 7-25 μm;The reappearance of pharmaceutical technology was good.CONCLUSION:The optimized preparation conditions of erythromycin gelatin microspheres are obtained using L9 (34)orthogonal tests.The microspheres prepared meet the requirement of the size for lung targeting.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare the gene recombined human interferon-alpha poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic)microspheres and study its physicochemical properties.METHODS:Interferon-? microspheres were prepared by W/O/W solvent extraction technique;the in vitro release of microspheres were examined;the rudimental organic solvent was determined with GC-MS.RESULTS:The IFN-?-MS were regular in their morphology,and the particle size distribution was narrow.The average diameter was 45.54?m.The encapsulation rate and the loading efficiency were 83.49% and 8.03%,and the in vitro accumulative release rate was 80.32% in 30 days.The in vitro interferon-? release from the microspheres was best described using Higuchi diffusion model.The rudimental of dichloromethane was less than 0.05%.CONCLUSIONS:The prepared IFN-?-MS is very good in all aspects of its physicochemical properties.