Noradrenaline modulates the spontaneous firing activities of Purkinje cells via α2-adrenergic receptor in mouse cerebellar cortex / 生理学报

Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) exhibit two types of discharge activities: simple spike (SS) and complex spike (CS). Previous studies found that noradrenaline (NA) can inhibit CS and bidirectionally regulate SS, but the enhancement of NA on SS is overwhelmed by the strong inhibition of excitatory molecular layer interneurons. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of NA on SS discharge frequency is not clear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the mechanism underlying the increasing effect of NA on SS firing of PC in mouse cerebellar cortex in vivo and in cerebellar slice by cell-attached and whole-cell recording technique and pharmacological methods. GABAA receptor was blocked by 100 µmol/L picrotoxin in the whole process. In vivo results showed that NA significantly reduced the number of spikelets of spontaneous CS and enhanced the discharge frequency of SS, but did not affect the discharge frequency of CS. In vitro experiments showed that NA reduced the number of CS spikelets and after hyperpolarization potential (AHP) induced by electrical stimulation, and increased the discharge frequency of SS. NA also reduced the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) of parallel fiber (PF)-PC and significantly increased the paired-pulse ratio (PPR). Application of yohimbine, an antagonist of α2-adrenergic receptor (AR), completely eliminated the enhancing effect of NA on SS. The α2-AR agonist, UK14304, also increased the frequency of SS. The β-AR blocker, propranolol, did not affect the effects of NA on PC. These results suggest that in the absence of GABAA receptors, NA could attenuate the synaptic transmission of climbing fiber (CF)-PC via activating α2-AR, inhibit CS activity and reduce AHP, thus enhancing the SS discharge frequency of PC. This result suggests that NA neurons of locus coeruleus can finely regulate PC signal output by regulating CF-PC synaptic transmission.

Acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for stroke-related pneumonia / 中国针灸

Using data mining technology, the rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture and moxibustion were explored in treatment of stroke-related pneumonia. The clinical articles of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of stroke-related pneumonia were retrieved from CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang and VIP databases from their inception through to January l 2021, and then, the acupuncture-moxibustion prescription database was set up for stroke-related pneumonia. SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori algorithm was adopted to analyze the association rules of acupoints and draw complex network diagrams. SPSS26.0 was used in clustering analysis of acupoints. Finally, a total of 44 articles were included, with 51 acupoint prescriptions and 82 acupoints extracted. The total frequency of acupoints was 340 times. The high-frequency acupoints in treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion for stroke-related pneumonia were Feishu (BL 13), Fenglong (ST 40), Hegu (LI 4), etc. These acupoints were mainly distributed on the limbs and back and mostly from yang meridians. Of these extracted acupoints, the five-shu points, convergent points and back-shu points were selected specially. Regarding acupoint combination, the association of Quchi (LI 11) had the highest support with Hegu (LI 4) and Zusanli (ST 36). The core prescription of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for stroke-related pneumonia could be composed of Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40) and Taichong (LR 3).

Quchi (LI 11) for treatment of allergic diseases based on coincidence of key therapeutic characteristics of acupoints and pathogenesis of allergic diseases / 中国针灸

According to the etiology, allergic diseases are related to wind and heat; according to the pathogenesis, most of allergic diseases are

Analysis on specific effect of acupoints at the upper arms in treatment of scrofula and goiter / 中国针灸

Through analyzing the indication distribution of the different acupoints located at the upper limbs recorded in

Erratum to: The treatment effect of novel hGHRH homodimer to male infertility hamster

The authors note that on page 637 (Author Name), author affiliation of Tao Liu “Tao Liu⁶” should instead appear as “Tao Liu⁵.”

Exploration into the simplex reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture / 中国针灸

Four controversial types of simplex reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture and their possible meanings were summarized to explore several key elements of reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture, in addition, the simplex reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture was classified by single factor. It is concluded that the definition of simplex reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture should try not to include other non-manipulative elements. According to single factor, it can be divided into: needle-oriented reinforcing-reducing manipulation, twisting reinforcing-reducing manipulation, lifting and interpolating reinforcing-reducing manipulation, fast and slow reinforcing-reducing manipulation, breathing reinforcing-reducing manipulation, opening and closing reinforcing-reducing manipulation. In addition, after considering the effect and principle of number reinforcing-reducing manipulation, it can be considered.

The treatment effect of novel hGHRH homodimer to male infertility hamster

Extra-hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) plays an important role in reproduction. To study the treatment effect of Grin (a novel hGHRH homodimer), the infertility models of 85 male Chinese hamsters were established by intraperitoneally injecting 20 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide once in a week for 5 weeks and the treatment with Grin or human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) as positive control was evaluated by performing a 3-week mating experiment. 2–8 mg/kg of Grin and 200 U/kg of hMG showed similar effect and different pathological characteristics. Compared to the single cyclophosphamide group (0%), the pregnancy rates (H-, M-, L-Grin 26.7, 30.8, 31.3%, and hMG 31.3%) showed significant difference, but there was no difference between the hMG and Grin groups. The single cyclophosphamide group presented loose tubules with pathologic vacuoles and significant TUNEL positive cells. Grin induced less weight of body or testis, compactly aligned tubules with little intra-lumens, whereas hMG caused more weight of body or testis, enlarging tubules with annular clearance. Grin presented a dose-dependent manner or cell differentiation-dependentincrease in testicular GHRH receptor, and did not impact the levels of blood and testicular GH, testosterone. Grin promotes fertility by proliferating and differentiating primitive cells through up-regulating testicular GHRH receptor without triggering GH secretion, which might solve the etiology of oligoasthenozoospermia.

Clinical Analysis of 40 Patients with Eosinophilic Lung Diseases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To summarize the clinical features of eosinophilic lung diseases(ELD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,accessory examination results,and pathology of 40 patients who were diagnosed with ELD and hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016.Results There were 19 males and 21 females,and the average age was(48.58±18.25) years.The diagnoses included allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(n=20),eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis(also known as churg-strauss syndrome)(n=10),chronic eosinophilic pneumonia(n=8),parasitic infection(n=1),and drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia(n=1).Eosinophils counts in peripheral blood were increased in 35 patients(87.5%),and eosinophils counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids increased in 17 of 18 patients(94.4%).Arterial blood gas analysis showed varying degrees of hypoxemia in 23 patients(57.5%),and pulmonary function test showed ventilatory dysfunction in 27 patients(67.5%) and defect in diffusion capacity in 12 patients(30.0%).Chest CT revealed bilateral flaky,streaky,or diffuse ground-glass infiltrates and consolidations;in addition,central cylindrical bronchiectasis and mucous plugging with "finger-in-glove" pattern were seen in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.Diffuse eosinophil infiltration was revealed in lung or other tissue biopsy.Glucocorticoids alone or combined with other therapies were effective in most patients.Conclusions ELD has a wide range of clinical presentations and can easily be misdiagnosed.Increased eosinophils count in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids combined with infiltration manifestations in chest imaging are helpful for the diagnosis of ELD.Oral administration of glucocorticoids is the primary therapy for ELD.

Ferulic acid promoting apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell lines

Objective: To explore the promoting apoptosis and antitumor activities of ferulic acid [FA] in human osteosarcoma and its potential mechanism

Methods: The SaOS-2 and MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines were opted to experiment and these cells were, respectively, cultured with various concentrations of FA [0 microM, 10 microM, 20 microM, 40 microM] for 72 hours at 37°C. The viabilities of the FA treated cells were monitored by MTT. Apoptosis cells were evaluated using annexin V/PI by flow cytometry. Apoptosis proteins caspase-3, procaspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by western blot. Expressions of apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bax were quantified by qPCR

Results: The cell viabilities were critically declined in the concentration-dependent manner in FA groups [P < 0.01]. The apoptosis cells were increased proportionately with the concentration of FA [P < 0.05]. The procaspase-3 protein contents, and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein contents were significantly decreased while caspase-3 protein contents, and Bax mRNA and protein contents were concomitantly increased in the concentration-dependent manner in FA groups [P < 0.05]. The response to FA by the SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell was similar with the MG63 osteosarcoma cell [P > 0.05]

Conclusion: Ferulic acid could significantly descend osteosarcoma cell viability through the promoting apoptosis pathway in which FA activates both caspase-3 and Bax and inactivates Bcl-2

Effects of siRNA-mediated HIF-1alpha gene silencing on angiogenesis in osteosarcoma

Objective: To explore angiogenesis in osteosarcoma under the condition of hypoxia-inducible factor [HIF]-1alpha gene silenced by small interference RNA [siRNA]

Methods: The SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells, transfected with the recombinant plasmid p Silencer 2.1-HIF-1alpha or p Silencer 2.1-SCR, were classified as HIF-1alpha/siRNA group or SCR/siRNA group, respectively. In which, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] immunohistochemistry were performed. HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein contents were detected by western blot. Gene expressions of HIF-1alpha and VEGF were quantified by qPCR. Then the transfected SaOS-2 cells were inoculated in nude mice and transplantation tumor were checked via HE staining, VEGF and CD34 immunohistochemistry, and calculation of microvascular density [MVD]

Results: In vitro, VEGF immunohistochemistry stains, HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein contents, and the relative expressions of HIF-1alpha mRNA and VEGF mRNA in HIF-1alpha/siRNA group were obviously reduced. In vivo, morphological observation illustrated that heteromorphism were not obvious in the cells of HIF-1alpha/siRNA group and vascular systems were sparse in its transplantation tumor tissue, and immunohistochemistry revealed that both VEGF and CD34 stains were significantly decreased in HIF-1alpha/siRNA group, and MVD in HIF-1alpha/siRNA group [7.3+/-1.1] were obviously less than that in SCR/siRNA group [17.2+/-3.2] [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Angiogenesis in osteosarcoma can be inhibited by siRNA-mediated HIF-1alpha gene silencing, which is expected to provide a novel and attractive target of therapeutic strategies of osteosarcoma

Initial CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of vertebral lesions: Evaluation of its diagnostic accuracy and clinical value / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficacy of initial CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of the vertebral lesions. A total of 305 percutaneous biopsies of the vertebral lesions were performed under either CT guidance (n=127) or C-arm guidance (n=178). The diagnostic accuracy rate was evaluated by comparing the histopathological diagnosis with the ultimate diagnosis. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with the ultimate diagnosis in 108 (85.0%, 108/127) cases of CT-guided biopsy and in 135 (75.8%, 135/178) cases of C-arm guided biopsy and there was a significant difference. The accuracy of diagnosis based on biopsies varied with different diseases, including primary benign or malignant tumors, metastatic tumors, inflammatory lesions and fractures. A second biopsy or further examinations were required for patients with negative result obtained in the initial biopsy. The complication rate was 3.1% (4/127) in CT-guided biopsy and 7.3% (13/178) in C-arm guided biopsy. In conclusion, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is an accurate and safe technique for biopsy of the vertebral lesions.

Effect of triptolide on iNOS and SP expressions in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion of rats with adjuvant arthritis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the analgesic effect of triptolide (TP) of high, middle and low doses on rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA), and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and substance P (SP) in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of corresponding sections, in order to discuss the possible mechanism for the analgesic effect of TP on rats with adjuvant arthritis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Fifty SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the normal group (group A), the model group (group B), and TP low (group C), middle (group D), high (group E) dose groups. Except for the group A, all of the remaining groups were injected with 0.1 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant through their right rear toes to establish the model. At 14 d after the model establishment, rats in C, D and E groups were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of TP (0.1 mg x kg(-1) for the group C, 0.2 mg x kg(-1) for the group D, 0.4 mg x kg(-1) for the group E) once a day for 9 days. Then the 50% mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) was determined. And the expressions of iNOS and SP in lumbar5 (L5) spinal dorsal horn and DRG were detected with the immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The 50% MWT of rats in the group B was significantly lower than that of the group A (P < 0.01). After being treated with TP, the Thermal withdrawal latencies of groups C, D and E were significantly higher than that of the group B (P < 0.01). TP could notably increase the MWT of AA rats, with a certain dose-effect relationship. The immunohistochemical results indicated that the iNOS and SP expressions significantly increased in the group B (P < 0.01), while the positive expression levels of iNOS and SP in groups C, D and E were significantly lower than that of the group B (P < 0.01), with a certain dose-effect relationship.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TP shows a good analgesic effect on AA, and could inhibit the iNOS and SP expressions in spinal dorsal horn and DRG in rats with adjuvant arthritis, which may be one of action mechanisms for the analgesic effect of TP.</p>

miRNA-155 modulates the malignant biological characteristics of NK/T-cell lymphoma cells by targeting FOXO3a gene / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the effects of miRNA-155 on malignant biological characteristics of NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines and the possible mechanism. The expression of miRNA-155 was detected in lymphoma cell lines from different sources (SNK-6, YTS, Jurkat and DOHH2) by real-time PCR. Lentiviral vectors (pLL3.7) that could overexpress or downexpress miRNA-155 were constructed. Recombinant lentiviral particles were prepared and purified, and their titers determined. The expression of miRNA-155 in the infected SNK-6 cells and the cell proliferation were detected by PCR and CCK-8, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis of infected SNK-6 cells. The target of miRNA155 was predicted from Targetscan website. The effect of miRNA155 on FOXO3a expression was examined by Western blotting. The results showed that among the human NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines SNK-6, YTS, Jurkat and DOHH2, the expression of miRNA-155 was highest in SNK-6. The infection efficiency of the recombinant lentivirus in SNK-6 was more than 70% at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100. The expression of miRNA-155 was significantly increased in SNK-6 cells infected by lentivirus vectors with high expression of miRNA-155 (4 times higher than the control group), and profoundly decreased in those infected with lentiviruses with low expression of miRNA-155. The proliferation of letivirus-infected SNK-6 cells was decreased as the expression of miRNA-155 reduced. The apoptosis rate was increased with the reduction in the expression of miRNA-155. FOXO3a was found to be a possible target of miRNA155, as suggested by Targetscan website. Western blotting showed that the expression of FOXO3a was significantly elevated in SNK-6 cells with miRNA-155 inhibition. It was concluded that reduction in miRNA-155 expression can inhibit the proliferation of SNK-6 lymphoma cells and promote their apoptosis, which may be associated with regulation of FOXO3a gene.

miRNA-155 modulates the malignant biological characteristics of NK/T-cell lymphoma cells by targeting FOXO3a gene / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the effects of miRNA-155 on malignant biological characteristics of NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines and the possible mechanism. The expression of miRNA-155 was detected in lymphoma cell lines from different sources (SNK-6, YTS, Jurkat and DOHH2) by real-time PCR. Lentiviral vectors (pLL3.7) that could overexpress or downexpress miRNA-155 were constructed. Recombinant lentiviral particles were prepared and purified, and their titers determined. The expression of miRNA-155 in the infected SNK-6 cells and the cell proliferation were detected by PCR and CCK-8, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis of infected SNK-6 cells. The target of miRNA155 was predicted from Targetscan website. The effect of miRNA155 on FOXO3a expression was examined by Western blotting. The results showed that among the human NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines SNK-6, YTS, Jurkat and DOHH2, the expression of miRNA-155 was highest in SNK-6. The infection efficiency of the recombinant lentivirus in SNK-6 was more than 70% at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100. The expression of miRNA-155 was significantly increased in SNK-6 cells infected by lentivirus vectors with high expression of miRNA-155 (4 times higher than the control group), and profoundly decreased in those infected with lentiviruses with low expression of miRNA-155. The proliferation of letivirus-infected SNK-6 cells was decreased as the expression of miRNA-155 reduced. The apoptosis rate was increased with the reduction in the expression of miRNA-155. FOXO3a was found to be a possible target of miRNA155, as suggested by Targetscan website. Western blotting showed that the expression of FOXO3a was significantly elevated in SNK-6 cells with miRNA-155 inhibition. It was concluded that reduction in miRNA-155 expression can inhibit the proliferation of SNK-6 lymphoma cells and promote their apoptosis, which may be associated with regulation of FOXO3a gene.

Effects of cisplatin combined with heparanase inhibitor on proliferation and invasion of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effects of cisplatin combined with heparanase inhibitor OGT2115 on proliferation, invasion and migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2 and to provide a new target for the treatment of metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of CNE-2 after exposure to different concentrations of DDP (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 micromol x L(-1)), different concentrations of OGT2115 (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 micromol x L(-1)), and DDP combined with OGT2115. Transwell assay was applied to analyze the effects of drugs on invasion and migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Wound healing assay was performed to detect cell migration and heparanase activity was analyzed by ELISA. MTT results showed that DDP can inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 24.03 micromol x L(-1) at 24 h (P < 0.05), low concentration of DDP has almost no inhibitory effect on cell invasion and migration. DDP combined with OGT2115 can significantly inhibit cell invasion and migration. Inhibition of heparanase can significantly enhance anti-invasion and anti-proliferation of DDP.

Construction of a lentiviral vector carrying TRAIL gene and its infection efficiency to lymphoma cells in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to construct a lentiviral vector carrying the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene and investigate its infection efficiency to several lymphoma cells lines. A pGM-T-TRAIL vector was constructed by inserting the cDNA segment derived from TRAIL mRNA into the cloning vector pGM-T, which was then inserted into the lentiviral vector pWPI. The recombinant lentiviral vector plenti-TRAIL was produced by transfecting 293T cells with pWPI-TRAIL, packaging plasmid Δ8.2, and envelope plasmid pCMV-VSVG and then harvested from the culture supernatant. Infection efficiency was measured in several lymphoma cell lines by live cell GFP fluorescence, while TRAIL expression was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that the enzyme cut identification and sequencing demonstrated the successful construction of both pGM-T-TRAIL and pWPI-TRAIL. The results of testing drop showed that the concentration of the restructured lentiviral plenti-TRAIL reached 10(9) IU/ml. Comparison of infection efficiency revealed that YTS cells were more likely to be infected than DOHH2 or Jurkat cells (P < 0.05). Finally, RT-PCR and Western blot showed that lymphoma cells infected with plenti-TRAIL were able to efficiently express the TRAIL mRNA and protein. It is concluded that the lentiviral vector pWPI-TRAIL is successfully constructed and the recombinant lentiviral plenti-TRAIL is manufactured. The plenti-TRAIL vector is able to infect several lymphoma cell lines, and the infected lymphoma cells can effectively express TRAIL genes.

Role of dysregulation of Bim in resistance of melanoma cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a model of ER stress-induced apoptosis with tunicamycin and to examine whether Bim is dysregulated and its potential role in resistance of melanoma cells to apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A model of ER stress-induced apoptosis was established with tunicamycin. Apoptotic cells were quantitated using the annexin V/propidium iodide method by flow cytometry. Hoechst staining was also used to confirm the apoptotic cell death. Western blotting was used to measure the activation of caspase-3 and -9, and the expression of Bim, GRP78, CHOP, and Foxo1 at the protein level. The expression of Bim, CHOP and Foxo1 at the mRNA level was quantitated by qPCR. The siRNA technique was used to inhibit the expression of Bim.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment of the melanoma cells with tunicamycin did not induce significant apoptosis and activation of caspase cascade, whereas it caused marked activation of caspase-3 and -9, and apoptosis in HEK293 cells which were used as a control. With exposure to tunicamycin (3 µmol/L) for 12, 24, 36 hours the Bim protein levels were not increased in Mel-RM and MM200 cells. Its mRNA levels were 0.37 ± 0.05, 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.02 ± 0.01 in Mel-RM cells, while 0.41 ± 0.06, 0.16 ± 0.04 and 0.21 ± 0.03 in MM200 cells, respectively. The expression of Bim mRNA was significantly reduced compared with that in the control groups of the two cell lines (P < 0.01). siRNA knockdown of Bim protected HEK293 cells against activation of caspase-3. The cell apoptosis of Bim siRNA group was (5.69 ± 0.38)%, significantly lower than that of the siRNA control group (40.32 ± 1.64)% and blank control group (35.46 ± 2.01)% (P < 0.01). In the melanoma cells after exposure to tunicamycin (3 µmol/L) for 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours the transcription factor CHOP at mRNA level were significantly increased and the expressions at protein level were also up-regulated. The expressions of another transcription factor Foxo1 at mRNA level significantly decreased and the expressions at protein level were down-regulated, too.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lack of Bim up-regulation contributes to the resistance of melanoma cells to ER stress-induced apoptosis and may be a mechanism by which melanoma cells adapt to ER stress conditions. Transcription factors CHOP and Foxo1 may be responsible for the dysregulation of Bim in melanoma cells upon ER stress.</p>

The application of deltopectoral flaps with delayed expansion in repairing large scars on face / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of use of deltopectoral flaps with delayed expansion in repairing large scar on face.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen patients with large scars on face received above-mentioned surgery. The cutaneous branches of thoracoacromial artery and transverse cervical artery of patients were divided when the expander was implanted. As a result, the blood supply of expanded deltopectoral flaps principally depended on the second and third intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery, and a delaying effect was achieved. The distribution of vascular net in the flap and the state of blood supply of the flap were observed to evaluate the effect of delaying.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The vascular net of expanded flap increased and thickened. No blood supply disorder occurred at the distal end of the transferred flap. Patients were followed up for 4 to 18 months. The outline of the burn side of face was in accord with the opposite side, which was not fat and clumsy. The complexion of the flap was similar to that of normal skin of the face, and the flap was soft in texture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The application of delaying can better ensure the blood supply of transferred deltopectoral flap. The result of applying delayed expansion of deltopectoral flaps in repairing large scars on face was good.</p>

Adenovirus-mediated CTLA4 immunoglobulin based conditioning for non-myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation to induce tolerance to hind limb allografts in rats / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a non-toxic AdCTLA4-Ig-based protocol for non-myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation to induce donor-specific tolerance to hind limb allografts in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fully mismatched, 4 to 8 week old Brown Norway (RT1(n)) and Lewis (RT1(1)) rats were used as cell/organ donors and recipients, respectively. Recipients were treated with AdCTLA4-Ig (5 x 10(9) PFU, day -30, 0, 30), standard immunosuppressive therapy (MP: 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), MMF: 20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), RAPA: 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1);day -33 - 100), soon after total body irradiation (3 Gy, day -30) and donor bone marrow (100 x 10(6), day -30) transplantation (BMT). Thirty days after BMT, chimeric animals received hind limb transplantations. And 100 days after hind limb transplantations, immunosuppressive therapy was changed for low-dosed CsA (8 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), day 100-), until the allografts were rejected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Group C, hematopoietic chimerism was (38.8 +/- 10.6)% at day 0, and was stable (29.3 +/- 11.9)% at 330 days post-BMT. There was no graft versus host disease in both Group C and Group D. When the standard immunosuppressive therapy was stopped and changed for low-dosed CsA, chimeric recipients (Lewis, RT1(1)) permanently accepted (> 200 days) donor specific (Brown Norway, RT1(n)) hind limb allografts in Group C, yet rapidly rejected in Group A (8 +/- 2) d, Group B (18 +/- 3) d and in Group C (20 +/- 2) d. Lymphocytes of graft tolerant animals' demonstrated hyporesponsiveness in mixed lymphocyte cultures in a donor-specific manner in Group C. Tolerant graft histology showed no obliterative arteriopathy or chronic rejection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The AdCTLA4-Ig based conditioning regimen with donor BMT produce stable mixed chimerism and induce donor-specific tolerance to hind limb allografts.</p>

Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants discharged from NICU at 1 year of age and the effects of intervention compliance on neurodevelopmental outcome / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants who were discharged from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at 1 year of age and the impact factors contributing to the neurodevelopmental outcome and to study whether early intervention can improve the neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Early intervention guidance and follow-up visits were performed after the preterm infants discharged from NICU. The infants received the infant development test of Child Development Centre of China (CDCC) for neurological development at 1 year of age. The neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated based on mental development index (MDI) and physical development index (PDI). MDI and PDI > 85 was defined as normal, MDI or PDI between 70 and 85 as critical and MDI or PDI < 70 as abnormal. Social-domestic and clinical factors related to neurological development were analyzed by ANOVA or chi-square test. Potential high risk factors were analyzed with logistic regression. To investigate the effects of intervention compliance on neurological development, the infants were classified into two groups according to different intervention compliances. The good compliance group included infants who received a through familial intervention for more than 4 days weekly (30 minutes daily) and consulted with physicians more than 5 times in 1 year. The infants who did not receive the interventions as the good compliance group served as the bad compliance group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study consisted of 210 infants, with a mean gestational age of 33.2 +/- 2.6 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1923.3 +/- 558.8 g. Normal, critical and abnormal neurological development occurred in 123 cases (58.6%), 61 cases (29.0%) and 26 cases (12.4%) respectively. Eighteen infants (8.6%) had mental lag and 9 (4.3%) had cerebral palsy (CP). The MDI and PDI scores of the good compliance group (111 cases) were 97.15 +/- 17.38 and 94.23 +/- 18.55 respectively, which were markedly higher than those of the bad compliance group (89.87 +/-18.92 and 87.20 +/-19.12; P < 0.05). The incidence of CP (3/111, 2.7%) in the good compliance group was lower than that of the bad compliance group (5/99, 6.1%) although there were no statistical differences. Parents' education level, multiple birth, serious intracranial hemorrhage and apnea were risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preterm infants discharged from NICU are a high risk group of neurodevelopmental disablement. Early intervention can improve the neurodevelopmental outcome of perterm infants at high risk.</p>