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ABSTRACT Introduction The college sports environment is characterized by breadth, diversity, and personality. This is an important period to develop students' physical ability and improve their personality. Objective Compare the effects of different exercise methods on students' health status. Methods 2991 college students participated in different sports activities. These sports were conducted based on the selection course (PE), all during one semester. The students' physical health status was observed through experiments performed before and after the intervention. Results Activities such as basketball and soccer showed high effectiveness in improving students' vital capacity index, volleyball expressively improved students' performance in the long jump, tennis and table tennis were effective in improving students' strength and adherence index, being lower in other indices. Martial arts also stood out in improving the students' vital capacity index. Conclusion Improving physical health should be an overall process of students' fitness development, and universities should actively encourage college students to participate in long-term sports to improve their health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução O ambiente do esporte universitário é caracterizado pela abrangência, diversidade e personalidade. Este é um período importante para desenvolver a capacidade física dos estudantes e melhorar a sua personalidade. Objetivo Comparar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de exercício sobre o estado de saúde dos estudantes. Métodos 2991 estudantes universitários participaram de diferentes atividades esportivas. Estes esportes foram conduzidos com base no curso de seleção (PE), todos durante um semestre. O estado de saúde física dos estudantes foi observado através de experimentos executados previa e posteriormente à intervenção. Resultados Atividades como basquetebol e futebol demonstraram alta efetividade para melhorar o índice de capacidade vital dos estudantes, voleibol melhorou expressivamente o desempenho dos alunos no salto em distância, o tênis e o tênis de mesa foram efetivos para aprimorar o índice de força e de adesão dos alunos, sendo inferior noutros índices. Também as artes marciais se destacaram ao melhorar o índice de capacidade vital dos alunos. Conclusão O aprimoramento da saúde física deve ser um processo global de desenvolvimento da aptidão física dos estudantes e as universidades devem encorajar ativamente os estudantes universitários a participar de esportes de longo prazo para melhorar sua saúde. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción El entorno del deporte universitario se caracteriza por su alcance, diversidad y personalidad. Es un periodo importante para desarrollar la capacidad física de los alumnos y mejorar su personalidad. Objetivo Comparar los efectos de diferentes métodos de ejercicio sobre el estado de salud de los estudiantes. Métodos 2991 estudiantes universitarios participaron en diferentes actividades deportivas. Estos deportes se llevaron a cabo basándose en el curso de selección (PE), todo ello durante un semestre. El estado de salud física de los alumnos se observó mediante experimentos realizados antes y después de la intervención. Resultados Actividades como el baloncesto y el fútbol mostraron una alta eficacia para mejorar el índice de capacidad vital de los alumnos, el voleibol mejoró expresivamente el rendimiento de los alumnos en salto de longitud, el tenis y el tenis de mesa fueron eficaces para mejorar el índice de fuerza y adherencia de los alumnos, siendo inferiores en otros índices. También las artes marciales se destacaron en la mejora del índice de capacidad vital de los alumnos. Conclusión La mejora de la salud física debería ser un proceso global del desarrollo de la forma física de los estudiantes y las universidades deberían animar activamente a los universitarios a participar en deportes de larga duración para mejorar su salud. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Responses to sedatives, analgesics and muscle relaxants vary among patients under general anesthesia, which could be ascribed to the disparities of clinical characteristics and genetic factors of individuals. Accumulating researches have indicated that gene polymorphisms of the receptors, transporters and metabolizing enzymes associated with anesthetics play a considerable role in their efficacy. However, a systematically summarized study on the mechanisms of gene polymorphisms on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of anesthetics is still lacking. In this paper, the recent researches on pharmacogenomics of sedatives, analgesics and muscle relaxants are comprehensively reviewed, and the contributions and mechanisms of polymorphisms to the differences of individual efficacy of these drugs are discussed, so as to provide guidance for the formulation of a rational anesthesia regimen for patients with various genotypes.
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AIM: To analyze the changes of serum homocysteine(Hcy), vitamin B12(VitB12)and folic acid in the serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR), and to explore their significance in the occurrence and development of DR.METHODS: A case-control study was designed. A total of 95 patients with DR(DR group), 94 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM group)treated in endgcrinology department and 87 patients with age-related cataract(normal control group)from the ophthalmology department of Shenzhen People's Hospital between July 2021 and January 2022 were selected. Fasting venous blood was collected and serum was separated. The concentration of Hcy in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the concentration of VitB12 and folic acid. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between Hcy and clinical parameters. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the main factors which affect Hcy level. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was designed to analyze the diagnostic value of serum Hcy, VitB12 and folic acid in DR.RESULTS: The concentration of serum Hcy in DR group was 16.52±3.54 μmol/L, which was significantly higher than that in DM group(10.86±3.47 μmol/L)and control group(6.84±1.39 μmol/L; all P<0.05); The concentration of VitB12 in the serum of the control group was 501.79±108.95 pmol/L, which was higher than that in DM group(478.57±57.85 pmol/L)and DR group(455.88±181.49 pmol/L), but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.054); The concentration of folic acid in serum of control group was 10.31±2.43 nmol/L, which was higher than that of DM group(9.94±1.90 nmol/L)and DR group(7.27±2.79 nmol/L), and the difference between DR group and DM group was statistically significant(P<0.05); In DR group, Hcy expression was weakly positively correlated with triglyceride and low density lipoprotein(r=0.208, P=0.043; r=0.240, P=0.019). Multivariate linear regression showed that low density lipoprotein was an important factor which affect the expression of Hcy in DR patients. ROC curve shows that Hcy has important value in the diagnosis of DR.CONCLUSIONS: Hcy, VitB12 and folic acid are differentially expressed in DR group, DM group and normal control group. Hcy may be involved in the pathogenesis of DR, and it has important value in the diagnosis of DR. In addition, low density lipoprotein is also an important factor which affects the expression of Hcy.
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Objective To study the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the relationship between dietary pattern and risk. Methods From August 2018 to May 2021, 655 T2DM patients in Wuhan Puren Hospital, including 338 males and 317 females, were divided into T2DM group (n=368 cases) and DN group (n=287 cases) according to whether patients had DN. The uniformly trained staff of our hospital used the simplified version of food intake frequency questionnaire designed for diabetes to investigate the reasonable dietary intake of patients in nearly one year. Clinical data of patients in the two groups were collected and the intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate and dietary fiber in the two groups was statistically analyzed. Logistics regression was used to analyze the formula independent risk factors of DN in T2DM, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the incidence of diabetic nephropathy and dietary pattern. Results Among of 655 T2DM patients, there were 287 (43.82%) patients with DN, including 149 males and 138 females. The average age, duration of diabetes, smoking in DN group were significantly higher than those in T2DM group (P0.05). Energy, protein intake, carbohydrate and fat intake in DN group were significantly higher than those in T2DM group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that protein, carbohydrate and fat intake were independent risk factors for DEVELOPING DN in T2DM patients (P<0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, the risk of developing DN in T2DM patients was positively correlated with protein and fat intake (r=0.449 , 0.517, P<0.05). Conclusion PATIENTS with T2DM have a higher risk of DEVELOPING DN, which is closely related to dietary intake. Reasonable allocation of dietary intake can reduce the risk of developing DN.
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Objective:To retrospectively analyze the failure patterns and outcomes of patients with locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) after undergoing induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by definitive radiotherapy.Methods:For patients with locally advanced HPSCC who were treated with IC and definitive radiotherapy from August 2008 to December 2019, their data were collected from the medical records system, and their clinical characteristics, failure patterns, and survival were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 116 eligible patient with squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. with a median age of 59 (39-79), and 3, 3, 60, and 50 of them had stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ A, and Ⅳ B HPSCC, respectively. Among these patients, 81 received 1~2 cycles of IC, and 35 received 3-4 cycles of IC. After treatment with IC, 54, 13, and 49 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy, and radiotherapy alone, respectively. The median follow-up was 34.6 months (95% CI: 28.7-40.5 months). The 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of all the patients were 63.5%, 82.8%, 75.2%, 47.3%, and 43.1%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were 26.1 and 28.0 months, respectively. Treatment failure was reported in 59 patients, of whom 22, 5, 12, 10, 3, 6 and 1 experienced local, regional, distant only, local-regional, regional-distant, local-distant, and local-regional-distant failure, respectively. The objective response rate (CR+ PR) of patients after IC was 55.2% (64/116). The LRFS, RRFS, PFS, and OS of IC responders (CR+ PR) were better than those of IC non-responders (SD+ PD) ( χ2 = 12.52, 5.16, 13.19, 11.72, all P< 0.05). Conclusions:IC combined with radical radiotherapy has efficacy to a certain extent in the treatment of locally advanced HPSCC, and locoregional recurrence predominates the failure patterns. The prognosis of IC responders is significantly better than that of IC non-responders.
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Objective:To investigate the application value of right-hand rule in determining left-right axis and fetal situs in prenatal MRI.Methods:The prenatal MRI data of 254 fetuses were included retrospectively in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from December 2017 to February 2021, which were followed by clear postpartum diagnosis. Fetal left-right axis and situs (orientation of gastric vacuole, liver and heart) were determined by the same radiologist blindly using general experience and right-hand rule respectively, meanwhile, results and time of each case were recorded. The right-hand rule was described in detail below: use your right hand to make a fist, and with thumb outstretched; the fetal head was represented by your right fist, the forearm represented the fetal body, the dorsal side of your fist represented the fetal occiput and spine column, the palm side represented the fetal belly, and your four fingers represented the fetal face, then the left side of fetus was exactly the direction your thumb pointing to. The postpartum imaging was used as the gold standard for situs anomalies. The time to determine the fetal left-right axis was compared using paired t test for statistical analysis. Results:Four fetuses were found situs anomalies in postpartum imaging. There were 1 missed case and 1 misdiagnosed case when using general experience to determine fetal situs, neither missed case nor misdiagnosis were present when using right-hand rule. The average time of using general experience or right-hand rule to determine the fetal left-right axis and situs were (35±6)s and (24±9)s respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=20.65, P<0.001). Conclusions:The right-hand rule is an accurate and efficient method for determining left-right axis and situs in prenatal MRI, which can effectively reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of situs anomalies, especially in situs inversus totalis.
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Objective:To analyze the correlation between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 reservoir and poor immune reconstitution of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, and to investigate the influence of HIV-1 reservoir on the immune reconstitution.Methods:Cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure HIV-1 RNA and T lymphocyte subsets from 219 patients with HIV/AIDS who had been treated with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for more than two years with HIV RNA lower than the limit of detection. Among them, there are 195 patients from the Sixth People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou, 12 patients from Shangqiu Municipal Hospital and 12 patients from Zhoukou Infectious Diseases Hospital. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected and HIV-1 DNA was detected. The measurement data of normal distribution were analyzed by two independent sample t-test. The measurement data of skewness distribution were analyzed by rank sum test. Spearman′s rank correlation was used for correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to predict the predictive value of occurrence of poor immune reconstitution AIDS patients. Results:There were 121 patients with poor immune reconstitution and 98 patients with healthy immune reconstitution. HIV-1 DNA was (2.50±0.52) copies/1×10 6 PBMC in the group with poor immune reconstitution, which was significantly higher than the healthy immune reconstitution group ((2.11±0.66) copies/1×10 6 PBMC, t=4.78, P<0.001). The CD4 + T lymphocyte counts in the group with poor immune reconstitution was 192(139, 227)/μL, which was lower than that in the healthy immune reconstitution group (573(457, 730)/μL). The difference was statistically significant ( Z=12.68, P<0.001). HIV-1 DNA was reversely correlated with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts and CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio (after adjusting the influence of age and ART time, r=-0.277 and -0.316, respectively, both P<0.001). The area of ROC curve for HIV-1 DNA to predict poor immune reconstitution was 0.679(95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.604 to 0.750). The HIV-1 DNA threshold value was 100 copies/1×10 6 PBMC with the sensitivity of 90.13% and specificity of 42.91%. The area of ROC curve of CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio to predict poor immune reconstitution was 0.905 (95% CI 0.863 to 0.942). The threshold value of CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio was 0.536 with the sensitivity of 77.68% and specificity of 89.84%. Conclusions:There is correlation between HIV-1 DNA and poor immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients. The value of HIV-1 DNA higher than 100 copies/1×10 6 PBMC and CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio lower than 0.536 could be used as predictor of poor immune reconstitution.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical application of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in infants with acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on infants with AKI after liver transplantation in Tianjin First Center Hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 1, 2021. Infants with AKI within 1 year after liver transplantation were divided into CRRT group and non-CRRT group according to whether CRRT was performed. The preoperative and intraoperative condition, the postoperative complications were compared, the risk factors of CRRT for AKI infants, the clinical characteristics of CRRT were analyzed, and the prognosis between CRRT group and non-CRRT group were compared.Results:① A total of 512 cases of pediatric liver transplantation were performed. A total of 189 cases (36.9%) developed AKI within 1 year after surgery, including 18 cases in CRRT group and 171 cases in non-CRRT group. ② There was no significant difference in preoperative conditions between the two groups. The duration of liver transplantation (hours: 8.8±1.5 vs. 7.5±1.3) and intraoperative blood loss [mL: 370 (220-800) vs. 310 (200-400)] in CRRT group were significantly higher than those in non-CRRT group. CRRT group had significantly higher incidence of postoperative complication [unplanned operation: 8 cases (44.4%) vs. 14 cases (8.2%), primary nonfunction: 1 case (5.6%) vs. 0 case (0%), retransplantation: 3 cases (16.7%) vs. 0 case (0%), hepatic artery thrombosis: 3 cases (16.7%) vs. 4 cases (2.3%), intestinal fistula: 2 cases (11.1%) vs. 2 cases (1.2%)] than non-CRRT group (all P < 0.05). ③ The average start time of CRRT was 10 (1-240) days. The per capita frequency of CRRT treatment was 3.3 (1.0-14.0) times. The average duration of each CRRT treatment was 10.1 (6.0-19.3) hours, the average reduction rate of serum creatinine (SCr) was 25.6% (13.5%-45.0%) after CRRT. ④ In CRRT group, 5 patients died, the 1-year and 2-year survival rates were both 72.22%. In non-CRRT group, 6 patients died, the 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 97.1% and 96.5%, respectively. There were significant differences in 1-year and 2-year survival rates between the two groups (both P < 0.01). Conclusions:The incidence of AKI after pediatric liver transplantation was high, and most infants treated with CRRT were associated with serious surgical complications. CRRT was a powerful means to remove inflammatory factors and maintain the stability of circulation and internal environment, which could improve the multi-organ dysfunction effectively.
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Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of mechanical power (MP) in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅲv1.4 (MIMIC-Ⅲ v1.4).Methods:The information of ARDS patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for no less than 48 hours who were hospitalized at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts from June 2001 to October 2012 in the MIMIC-Ⅲ v1.4 were collected. The demographics of patients, disease severity scores, ARDS etiology, prognostic indicators, pre-ventilation arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory parameters within 48 hours of ventilation were extracted. According to the lowest oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) before ventilation, the patients were divided into mild to moderate ARDS group (> 150 mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa) and moderate to severe ARDS group (≤ 150 mmHg), and the differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups were compared. The independent predictors associated with the severity of ARDS were analyzed using Logistic regression. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of MP for moderate to severe ARDS. The Youden index was used to determine the diagnostic threshold of MP for moderate to severe ARDS. According to the cut-off value of MP based on Youden index, all ARDS patients were divided into high and low MP groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the 28-day survival status of patients. Results:A total of 403 ARDS patients were enrolled in the study, including 107 subjects with mild to moderate ARDS and 296 with moderate to severe ARDS. There were significant differences in age, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, the lowest PaO 2/FiO 2 before ventilation, the last PaO 2/FiO 2 before ventilation, 28-day mortality, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in the second 24 hours of ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), plateau pressure (Pplat), driving pressure (ΔP), respiratory rate (RR), lung static compliance (Cst), MP, inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO 2) within 48 hours of ventilation between the two groups. After adjusting variables such as age, SOFA score, the last PaO 2/FiO 2 before ventilation, and related respiratory mechanics parameters, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher ΔP, PEEP and MP, and lower last PaO 2/FiO 2 before ventilation were independently associated with moderate to severe ARDS [odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.137 (1.032-1.252), 1.333 (1.139-1.561), 1.102 (1.030-1.179), and 0.996 (0.993-0.998), respectively, all P < 0.01]. The ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value of MP for the diagnosis of moderate to severe ARDS was 18.1 J/min with sensitivity of 81.42% and specificity of 60.75%, and the AUC was 0.745 (95% CI was 0.690-0.799). According to the cut-off value of MP obtained by ROC curve, all ARDS patients were divided into high MP group (> 18.1 J/min) and low MP group (≤ 18.1 J/min). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 28-day cumulative survival rate in the high MP group was significantly lower than that in the low MP group (73.8% vs. 85.1%; Log-Rank test: χ2 = 5.660, P = 0.017). Conclusion:MP is an independent predictor of the severity of ARDS, and it can be used to diagnose moderate to severe ARDS.
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Acute pancreatitis is a clinically common acute abdominal disease with complex etiology. Acute pancreatitis is reportedly related to the history of biliary tract disease, drinking, hyperlipidemia, age, body mass index, and other related risk factors. In terms of the severity of acute pancreatitis, there are different scoring indicators, laboratory testing indicators, and imaging evaluation indicators. The paper reviews the risk factors and severity evaluation of acute pancreatitis to standardize the treatment of patients, strengthen clinical nursing, and improve prognosis.
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Objective:To summarize the combined rehabilitation nursing process of a case of voice and deglutition disorders following surgical removal of intra-and extracranial schwannoma in the jugular foramen area.Methods:A case of hoarseness and dysphagia after surgery for intracranial and extracranial schwannomas in the left jugular foramen region in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in October 2020 was collected. Early step-wise voice training assisted by respiratory muscles and tongue muscle exercises was carried out, electronic laryngoscope-based breathing and swallowing methods, assessment of food and bite-size, maintenance of food consistency with the assistance of chewing times, and swallowing and ingestion guidance for the update of dietary methods were performed. The continuous rehabilitation training was provided throughout the process.Results:The grade of GRBAS scale decreased from G3 to G2 after training from home for 3 months following discharge; the voice handicap index of Chinese version reduced from 75 points to 52 points, and the average pronunciation time extended from 2.45 s to 5.32 s. The frequency of choking with food optimized from 0.4 to 0.5 times/min to no choking.Conclusions:Early rehabilitation training of voice and, swallowing and ingestion is a boon for the recovery of hoarseness and dysphagia after resection of schwannomas in the jugular foramen region.
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The aim of this study was to establish an efficient and stable mouse model of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) by testing different modes of administration of potassium oxonate (PO) combined with hypoxanthine (Hx). Animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group, a PO+Hx group (i.g.; 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 500 mg·kg-1·d-1, respectively), and a PO+Hx group (i.p.; 100 mg·kg-1·d-1, and 500 mg·kg-1·d-1). This HN model was induced by combination of PO and Hx administration once daily for 21 days. The results of serum biochemistry showed that the levels of serum creatinine and 24 h albuminuria were increased compared with the normal group in intragastric administration of PO combined with Hx (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in serum uric acid and hepatic levels of xanthine oxidase. The maximum value of serum uric acid and creatinine was 349.3 μmol·L-1 and 26.4 μmol·L-1, respectively, in mice injected with PO combined with Hx. The levels of liver xanthine oxidase and 24 h albuminuria were significantly increased in mice injected with PO combined with Hx (P < 0.01). Pathological data showed that renal tubules were dilated, the epithelial cells of renal tubules were disordered, and the production of collagen fibers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidase 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were slightly increased after intragastric administration of PO combined with Hx mice. Obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells and large area of collagen deposition, with a large amount of ROS and the lipid peroxide 4-HNE were produced in mice injected with PO combined with Hx. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of fibronectin (FN) and urate transporter 1 (URAT1) was increased after intragastric administration of PO combined with Hx in mice and further increased in mice injected with PO combined with Hx. This study demonstrates that injection with 100 mg·kg-1 potassium oxonate combined with 500 mg·kg-1 hypoxanthine establishes a stable and efficient mouse HN model.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis, mechanism of actions and targeted diseases of Salicornia europaea L. (SE) based on the network pharmacology method, and to verify the antidepressant-like effect of the SE extract by pharmacological experiments.@*METHODS@#Retrieval tools including Chinese medicine (CM), PubMed, PharmMapper, MAS 3.0 and Cytoscape were used to search the components of SE, predict its targets and related therapeutic diseases, and construct the "Component-Target-Pathway" network of SE for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Further, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation of depression-related targets were analyzed to predict the antidepressant mechanism of SE. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was used to construct a mouse model with depression-like symptoms. And the animals were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10) including the normal group (nonstressed mice administered with distilled water), the CUMS group (CUMS mice administered with distilled water), the venlafaxine group (CUMS mice administered with venlafaxine 9.38 mg/kg), SE high-, medium-, and low-dose groups (CUMS mice administered with SE 1.8, 1.35 and 0.9 g/kg, respectively). Then some relevant indicators were determined for experimental verification by the forced swim test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST) and open-field test (OFT). Dopamine (DA) concentration in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, IL-2 and corticosterone (CORT) levels in blood, and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), kelch-like epichlorohydrin related protein 1 (Keap1), NAD(P) H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in mice were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot respectively to explore the possible mechanisms.@*RESULTS@#The "target-disease" network diagram predicted by network pharmacology, showed that the potential target of SE involves a variety of CNS diseases, among which depression accounts for the majority. The experimental results showed that SE (1.8, 1.35 g/kg) significantly decreased the immobility period, compared with the CUMS group in FST and TST in mice after 3-week treatment, while SE exhibited no significant effect on exploratory behavior in OFT in mice. Compared with CUMS group, the SE group (0.9 g/kg) showed significant differences (P<0.05) in DA levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In addition, compared with CUMS control group, SE (1.8 g/kg) group showed a significant effect on decreasing the activities of CORT (P<0.05), and serum IL-2 level with no statistical significance. Finally, Western blot results showed that compared with the model group, Nrf2, Keap1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein expressions in SE group (1.8 g/kg) were up-regulated (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The SE extract may have an antidepressant effect, which appeared to regulate Nrf2-ARE pathway and increased levels of DA and CORT in the hippocampus and cortex.
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Animals , Mice , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Behavior, Animal , Chenopodiaceae/metabolism , Depression/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Hippocampus , Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , Network Pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Stress, Psychological/drug therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effect of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue Decoction BYHD) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).@*METHODS@#A total of 180 patients with DOR diagnosed from December 2013 to December 2014 were equally assigned into progynova and duphaston (E+D) group, Zuogui Pill group and BYHD group with 60 cases in each by computerized randomization. Patients received E+D, Zuogui Pill or BYHD for 12 months, respectively. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian volume, endometrial thickness, and the resistance indices (RIs) of ovarian arteries and uterine arteries were observed before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Nine women (4 from the E+D group, 3 from the Zuogui Pill group, and 2 from the BYHD group) withdrew from the study. After 6 months, Zuogui Pill and BYHD significantly decreased FSH and LH and increased endometrial thickness and AMH (all P<0.01). BYHD also resulted in E2 elevation (P<0.05), ovary enlargement (P<0.05), AFC increase (P<0.01), and RI of ovarian arteries decrease (P<0.05). After 12 months, further improvements were observed in the Zuogui Pill and BYHD groups (all P<0.01), but BYHD showed better outcomes, with lower FSH, larger ovaries and a thicker endometrium compared with the Zuogui Pill group (all P<0.01). However, E+D only significantly increased endometrial thickness (P<0.01) and no significant improvements were observed in the RI of uterine arteries in the three groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#BYHD had a favorable therapeutic effect in patients with DOR by rebalancing hormone levels, promoting ovulation, and repairing the thin endometrium. The combination of tonifying Shen (Kidney), benefiting qi and activating blood circulation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for DOR.
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Female , Humans , Anti-Mullerian Hormone/pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Luteinizing Hormone , Ovarian ReserveABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between the level of soluble HLA-E (sHLA-E) molecules in plasma and gene polymorphism and leukemia in Shenzhen of China.@*METHODS@#Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect sHLA-E level in plasma of 103 leukemia patients and 113 healthy blood donors. PCR-SBT was used to identify the HLA-E genotype of 73 leukemia patients and 76 healthy blood donors.@*RESULTS@#The level of plasma sHLA-E of 103 leukemia patients was significantly higher than that of 113 healthy blood donors (P<0.001); And the level of plasma sHLA-E in 77 myeloid leukemia patients was also significantly higher (P<0.001). The percentage of patients with plasma sHLA-E concentration of 0-199 ng/ml in leukemia and myeloid leukemia patients was 37.86% and 32.47%, respectively, which was significantly lower than 53.98% of healthy donors, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01); While, when the plasma sHLA-E concentration was more than 400 ng/ml, the percentage was 33.01% and 36.36%, respectively, which was significantly higher than 13.28% of healthy donors, the difference was also statistically significant (P=0.001, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of plasma sHLA-E among different HLA-E genotypes (P>0.05), whether healthy blood donors or leukemia patients.@*CONCLUSION@#The level of plasma sHLA-E in patients with leukemia (especially myeloid leukemia) is significantly higher than that of healthy blood donors, but different HLA-E genotypes do not affect the level of plasma sHLA-E. A cut-off value for the concentration of plasma sHLA-E (recommended risk value >400 ng/ml) can be set to assess the risk of certain pre-leukemia patients.
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Humans , Genotype , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics , Leukemia/genetics , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is a kind of life-threatening atlantoaxial structural instability and a series of neurological dysfunction caused by common multidisciplinary diseases. The operation risk is extremely high because it is adjacent to the medulla oblongata and the location is deep. With the increase of the number of operations in the upper cervical region, postoperative complications such as failure of internal fixation, non fusion of bone graft and poor prognosis gradually increase.Incomplete primary operation, non fusion of bone graft, infection and congenital malformation are the potential causes. In addition, considering the objective factors such as previous graft, scar formation and anatomical marks changes, revision surgery is further difficult. However, there is currently no standard or single effective revision surgery method. Simple anterior surgery is an ideal choice in theory, but it has high risk and high empirical requirements for the operator;simple posterior surgery has some defects, such as insufficient reduction and decompression;anterior decompression combined with posterior fixation fusion is a more reasonable surgical procedure, but many problems such as posterior structural integrity and multilevel fusion need to be considered.This article reviews the causes and strategies of AAD revision surgery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Atlanto-Axial Joint/surgery , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Joint Instability/surgery , Reoperation/adverse effects , Spinal Fusion/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In recent years, the oceans have provided an important source of highly promising new anti-tumor drugs for innovation and screening, with approximately 56% of biologically active compounds being discovered to have anti-tumor effects each year. In this study, we classified and summarized the approved drugs of marine origin in terms of anti-tumor therapy, and firstly, we briefly overviewed the role of the immune system in cancer pathogenesis and discussed the current dilemma of cancer immunotherapy and highlighted the main anti-tumor targets of marine drugs. Further, with a focus on tumor immunity, we classified and outlined the history of currently approved marine original drugs by species origin, structural features, relevant pathways, and clinical application and therapy. Lastly, the limitations of current marine drug research were discussed, as well as prospects and trends in new drug development.
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italic>Psidium guajava Linn. is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Psidium Linnaeus in the Myrtaceae family. One new glycoside (1) together with 3 known meroterpenoids (2-4) and 9 known glycosides (5-13) were isolated from the fruits of Psidium guajava Linn.. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by the spectroscopic data analysis of HR-ESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and it was named psiguaoside A (1). The known compounds were identified as guajadial (2), 4,5-diepipsidial A (3), psidial A (4), chrysin-8-C-β-D-glucoside (5), 2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-benzophenone (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin-3-O-xyloside (8), guaijaverin (9), avicularin (10), guavinoside E (11), guavinoside B (12), guajaphenone A (13). In the bioactivity assay, compound 3 exhibited significant inhibitory activitiy of U87 with IC50 values of 8.379 μmol·L-1.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior in adolescents aged 16-18,and to provide reference for promoting tobacco control among teenagers.@*Methods@#A total of 1 057 adolescents who took part in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS 2018) were investigated for smoking and physical exercise. The Chi square test, Mann Whitney U test, Pearson correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between adolescent physical exercise and smoking behavior.@*Results@#There were 104 (9.8%) smokers among the adolescents. The age at starting smoking was (14.21±2.68) years old and the age of quitting smoking was (14.41±2.72) years old. Age ( χ 2=7.23), gender ( χ 2=83.01), school status ( χ 2=107.12), physical exercise ( Z =-2.20), subjective well being ( Z =-2.20) and life satisfaction ( Z =-2.93) were associated with adolescent smoking( P <0.05). Physical exercise was negatively correlated with adolescent smoking ( OR =0.92, P =0.03). After controlling demographic and psychosocial and cognitive variables, the negative correlation was not statistically significant ( OR =0.93, P =0.08). Further analysis showed that physical exercise was negatively correlated with boys smoking ( OR=0.91, P =0.04), but it was not statistically correlated with girls smoking ( OR=1.12, P =0.20).@*Conclusion@#Physical exercise is associated with lower rate of smoking among adolescents aged 16-18, but no similar association is found in girls.The findings warrants further longitudinal study.
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Objective: To examine the clinical effect of acellular bovine pericardium patch in implant based immediate breast reconstruction. Methods: The clinicopathological information of 141 breast cancer patients, who admitted to Department of Breast Reconstruction and Oncoplastic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, underwent immediate mammoplasty with implants combined with acellular bovine pericardium patches were analyzed from June 2016 to October 2019. All patients were female, with the age of (38.8±8.5) years (range: 13 to 60 years). The body mass index was (21.9±2.5) kg/m2 (range: 16.0 to 32.3 kg/m2). There were 39 cases of duct carcinoma in situ, 46 cases of stage Ⅰ, 40 cases of stage Ⅱ and 16 cases of stage Ⅲ. All patients received nipple-areola-sparing mastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection, and prosthesis implantation with sub-pectoralis combined with breast patch. The correlation of clinicopathological characters and complications was assessed by t test, χ2 test, Fisher's exact probability method and Logistic regression. Pre-and post-operative aesthetic, quality of life scores were recorded. Results: The operation time (M(IQR)) was 3.6(1.5) hours (range: 3.0 to 6.5 hours). The early postoperative complication rate was 22.0% (31/141), prosthesis removal was the main postoperative complication, accounting for 64.5% (20/31) of the total complications, of which 15 cases occurred in the first 30 patients. The follow-up time was 28(8) months (range: 20 to 53 months), The most frequent long-term complications were capsular contracture and implant displacement, with the incidence of 11.2% (14/125) and 10.4% (13/125), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that prosthesis volume ≥300 ml (OR=8.173, 95%CI: 1.302 to 51.315, P=0.021) and peri-areolar incision (OR=7.809, 95%CI: 2.162 to 28.211, P<0.01) were independent relative factors for the occurrence of short-term postoperative local complications. After 2 years of operation, the score of breast appearance satisfaction was 71.7±15.5, postoperative effect satisfaction was 90.4±9.5, psychological satisfaction was 90.7±17.1, sexual satisfaction was 70.1±25.1. The immediate postoperative satisfaction rate at discharge was 95.4% (134/141), and 17.6% (22/125) of patients had the intention to received revision surgery. Conclusions: Prosthesis volume ≥300 ml and peri-areolar incision were independent realtive factors for short-term local complications after bovine pericardium patch combined with prosthesis implantation in the immediate breast reconstruction. After completing the learning curve, the postoperative complications of the procedure could be decreased.