Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of 1 106 Cases of Vancomycin Therapy and Analysis of Risk Factors / 医药导报

Objective To analyze the achievement of target vancomycin concentration and the risk factors affecting the concentration to reach the target,providing a reference for the rational use of vancomycin and the implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM).Methods Patients who were hospitalized and received vancomycin TDM from January 2016 to June 2019 at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University were selected.Clinical data,vancomycin blood concentrations,and occurrences of acute kidney injury(AKI)during the hospitalization were collected.Factors affecting the attainment of target vancomycin concentrations were analyzed using logistic regression and grouped according to whether the target concentrations were attained.The correlation between drug concentration and the occurrence of AKI was analyzed.Results A total of 1 106 patients were included,with 70.7％being males and a median age of 60.0(IQR=20)years.Surgical departments accounted for 76.4％of the distribution.The median duration of vancomycin therapy was 10.8 d(IQR=9.0).A total of 21.6％of patients had their first concentration monitored before administration of doses 4 and 5.The drug concentration monitoring results of 46.8％(518/1 106)of patients were in the range between 10-20 μg·mL-1,reaching the target concentration range.The incidence of vancomycin-associated AKI was 25.9％.The incidence of AKI varied among patients with different vancomycin concentrations:when the concentrations are＜10,10-＜15,15-20,and＞20 μg·mL-1,the AKI rates are 15.8％,20.5％,25.8％,and 39.4％,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that target concentrations were more likely to be reached with a dosing course of＞7-14 d(OR=1.688,P=0.001)and＞14 d(OR=1.744,P=0.002)than with a dosing course of ≤7 d.Patients receiving conventional daily doses were more likely to achieve target concentrations than those receiving the non-conventional daily dose(OR=1.540,P=0.003).Conclusion The current status of vancomycin TDM in China still suffers from deficiencies,such as delayed timing of monitoring and low rate of target concentration attainment.Higher vancomycin concentrations are significantly associated with AKI,and the factors affecting the vancomycin concentration to reach the target mainly include treatment duration and the complexity of the dosing regimen.

Responsibilities and influencing factors of infection control liaison nurses in general hospitals / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To clarify the responsibilities and influencing factors of infection control liaison nurses(ICLNs)in general hospitals.Methods Relevant databases were systematically retrieved with scoping review method from establishment to March 18,2023,and the included literatures were reported standardizedly.Results A total of 36 literatures were included in the analysis.Responsibilities of ICLNs included admittance criteria,selec-tion methods,and job responsibilities.Influencing factors of ICLNs included training,empowerment,performance evaluation,continuous improvement measures,and personnel allocation.After the establishment of ICLNs,inci-dence of healthcare-associated infection and detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms were reduced,compli-ance rate of health care workers'hand hygiene and monitoring rate of hospital environment were improved,and the cleaning and disinfection of hospital environment was standardized.Conclusion ICLNs play a role in preventing and controlling the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection.The management and application should be further standardized and improved,the effectiveness of ICLNs needs to be thoroughly studied,so as to promote the deve-lopment of ICLNs,and improve the quality of healthcare-associated infection management.

Clinical effects of Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction combined with acupuncture on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable stage complicated with sarcopenia / 中成药

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction combined with acupuncture on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable stage complicated with sarcopenia.METHODS Ninety-four patients were randomly assigned into control group(47 cases)for 8-week intervention of conventional treatment,and observation group(47 cases)for 8-week intervention of Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction,acupuncture and conventional treatment.The changes in clinical effects,TCM syndrome scores,and levels of pulmonary function indices(FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC),inflammatory factors(CRP,IL-6,TNF-α),muscle-specific biomarkers(MSTN,IGF-1),relevant scale scores(SARC-F,SPPB)and skeletal muscle mass index were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased TCM syndrome scores,inflammatory factors,MSTN,SARC-F score(P<0.05),and increased pulmonary function indices,IGF-1,SPPB score,skeletal muscle mass index(P<0.05),especially for the observation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable stage complicated with sarcopenia,Modified Sanzi Yangqin Decoction combined with acupuncture exhibits significant clinical efficacy.

Mechanism Study of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula on Regulating Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Rats Based on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To explore the mechanism of Suofeng Yuchuan Formula on inhibiting airway remodeling in asthma by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT).Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,Dexamethasone group,high-,medium-and low-dose groups of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula,with 10 rats in each group.In addition to the normal control group,the other groups were injected and inhaled with ovalbumin(OVA)to replicate the asthma rat model.The rats in each group were killed after 21 days of administration of the corresponding drug.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.The ultrastructure of epithelial cells in rat lung was observed by transmission electron microscope.The contents of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and interleukin-17(IL-17)in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expressions of TGF-β1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),E-cadherin and N-cadherin in lung homogenate.Protein expression levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,E-cadherin and N-cadherin in lung tissue were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal control group,the serum contents of TGF-β1 and IL-17 in the model control group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA and N-cadherin in lung tissues were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01).HE staining showed thickening of airway wall and alveolar wall,and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the visual field,and the inflammation score was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Transmission electron microscopy showed that the epithelial cells of lung tissue had severe edema.Local dissolution and thinning of intracellular matrix,and obvious swelling of organelles were observed.Compared with model control group,the contents of TGF-β1 and IL-17 in serum of dexamethasone group and all doses of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA and N-cadherin were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue and thickening of bronchial wall and alveolar wall were found to be reduced.The inflammation score of dexamethasone group and high-dose group of Suofeng Yuchuan Formula was reduced(P＜0.05).Ultrastructure showed that the degree of edema of epithelial cells was significantly reduced,the cell membrane was intact,the intracellular matrix was uniform,and most of the organelles were slightly swollen.Conclusion Soufeng Yuchuan Formula can reduce the level of TGF-β1,thereby improve EMT in lung tissue,and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating airway remodeling in asthma.

Effect of knockdown IGSF10 on proliferation，migration and invasion capacity of lung adenocarcinoma cells / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the effects of immunoglobulin gene superfamily 10 (IGSF10) on prolifera- tion，migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells．@*Methods @#ioinformatics was applied to study the ex- pression levels of IGSF10 in tumor tissues and normal tissues． Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR ( qPCR) were used to detect the expression level of IGSF10 in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and normal lung epi- thelial cells．Knockdown of IGSF10，the effect of knockdown of IGSF10 on proliferation，migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells was examined using cell counting kit-8 ( CCK-8) ，Transwell migration and inva- sion assay，scratch assay and plate cloning assay．The effects of knockdown of IGSF10 on the expression of invasion and migration-related genes in A549 cells were examined by Western blot and qPCR assays. @*Results @#IGSF10 ex- pression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was lower than that in normal tissues (P ＜0. 05) ．IGSF10 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was lower than that in lung epithelial cells (P＜0. 05) ．Knockdown of IGSF10 pro- moted the ability of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells to proliferate ，proliferation ，migration and invasion ( P < 0. 05) ．Knockdown of IGSF10 promoted the expression of regulatory epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker Neu- ral-cadherin (N-cadherin) and key transcription factors Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snail) and Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (Slug) (P＜0. 05) and inhibited the expression of Epithelial-cadherin (E-cad- herin) (P＜0. 05) ．@*Conclusion @# Knockdown of IGSF10 may promote proliferation，migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells through activation of Snail，Slug / E-cadherin signaling axis，and this result may provide a po- tential new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

The Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Respiratory Tract Infections in Children from 2019 to 2022 / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and the antimicrobial resistance of respiratory tract infection in children in Baoshan City,guide clinicians to rationally apply antibiotics,and improve the success rate of treatment.Methods Retrospective analysis of the distribution characteristics and drug sensitivity results of 1039 strains of pathogens detected in pediatric inpatients of hospitals from 2019 to 2022 was conducted.Results The main pathogens causing the respiratory infections in children in Baoshan area were Streptococcus pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus influenzae,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Analysis of the drug sensitivity results of pathogenic bacteria with a detected quantity greater than 80 revealed that Streptococcus pneumoniae had a high resistance rate to erythromycin,clindamycin,and compound sulfamethoxazole.The resistance rates of penicillin,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,and meropenem were P<0.05,and the difference was statistically significan.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was11.1%;CTX/CRO-R-ECO,CTX/CRO-R-KPN,CR-ECO and CR-KPN were lower than the 2021 ISPED level;The P.aeruginosa drug resistance rate and H.influenzae's ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam were higher than the 2021 ISPED level.Conclusion The treatment of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients faces great challenges.The non-standard use of empirical medication has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria,and the selection of anti infection treatment drugs is limited.Therefore,it is imperative to grasp the epidemic characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the local area.

Post-stroke foot drop research： a bibliometrics analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the research status and trends in the field of post-stroke foot drop. MethodsThe literature on post-stroke foot drop was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database from inception to January, 2024. The data were analyzed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. ResultsA total of 490 articles were included. The annul articles were published more and more year by year since 1992, peaking in 2020. The main institutions were located in USA. The literature focused on the fields of medicine, healthcare and clinical studies. There were as many as 230 papers on rehabilitation. The most frequency keywords were rehabilitation, hemiplegic gait, electrical stimulation, foot drop, and stroke, and so on. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed ten major clusters as motor rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation technology, gait analysis, functional recovery technology, and assessment of rehabilitation treatment effects, and so on. ConclusionResearches on the rehabilitation of post-stroke foot drop are moving towards the integration of technology and therapeutic methods, emphasizing the assessment of motor function and evidence of treatment effects, and exploring personalized rehabilitation plans.

Effect of safflower yellow on learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 at different months based on TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of safflower yellow (SY) on learning and memory ability of APP/ PS1 mice at different disease stages, and to explore the mechanism of SY anti- Alzheimer's disease by using 3-,6- and 9-month-old APP/PS 1 transgenic mice as experimental animal models. Methods Behavioral experiments were conducted to observe the effects of SY on learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice of different months. ELISA was used to detect the effect of SY on the expression of inflammatory factors in cortex of mice of different months. Western blot was used to detect the microglia activation marker protein, and its mechanism of action was further analyzed. Results SY could enhance the learning and memory ability of mice aged 3, 6 and 9 months, reduce the content of IL-6 and increase the content of TGF-β1 in brain tissue, up-regulate the expression levels of arginase-1 (arg-1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (tREM2) in brain tissue of mice of different months, and down-regulate the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Toll-like receptors 4 (tlr4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (nf-KB). Conclusions Compared with 3- and 9-month-old mice, SY is the most effective in improving learning memory in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice. SY inhibits TLR4/NF-KB pathway activation by inducing TREM2 expression in brain tissue of APP/PS 1 transgenic mice, promotes microglia phenotype shift to anti-inflammatory phenotype, reduces chronic neuroinflammatory response, and improves learning memory in APP/PS1 mice at all months of age.

Research progress of visual perception training on postoperative reconstruction of binocular vision in patients with intermittent exotropia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Intermittent exotropia(IXT)is a common ophthalmic disease with high incidence, variable deviation, and varying degrees of impaired binocular visual function. The defect of binocular visual function is related to the changes of visual cortex. IXT involves the functional changes of many brain regions, including the cortical areas related to binocular fusion. After correcting the eye position, the abnormal changes of cerebral cortex still exist in some patients with IXT, and the recovery of binocular vision is still difficult. In order to solve these problems, visual perception training is gradually applied to the postoperative reconstruction of binocular visual function in patients with IXT. Visual perception training repairs the visual cortex from the brain level, improving the ability of the visual cortex to process information by constantly stimulating the visual center, thus repairing the visual central function, so that patients can obtain good binocular visual function, stabilize the eye position and reduce recurrence. This article reviews the mechanism of binocular visual impairment and the role of visual perception training in the treatment of IXT. It is hoped to provide more evidence for visual perception training to reconstruct postoperative binocular visual function and reduce the recurrence rate in patients with IXT.

Intelligent diagnostic model of keratoconus based on deep learning algorithm / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To establish an intelligent diagnostic model of keratoconus for small-diameter corneas by data mining and analysis of patients' clinical data.METHODS: Diagnostic study. A total of 830 patients(830 eyes)were collected, including 338 male(338 eyes)and 492 female(492 eyes), with an average age of 14-36(23.19±5.71)years. Among them, 731 patients(731 eyes)had undergone corneal refractive surgery at Chongqing Nanping Aier Eye Hospital from January 2020 to March 2022, and 99 patients had a diagnosed keratoconus from January 2015 to March 2022. Corneal diameter ≤11.1 mm was measured by Pentacam in all patients. Two cornea specialists classified patients' data into normal corneas, suspect keratoconus, and keratoconus groups based on the Belin/Ambrósio enhanced ectasia display(BAD)system in Pentacam. The data of 665 patients were randomly selected as the training set and the other 165 patients as the validation set by computer random sampling method. Seven parametric corneal features were extracted by convolutional neural networks(CNN), and the models were built by Residual Network(ResNet), Vision Transformer(ViT), and CNN+Transformer, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of models was verified by cross-entropy loss and cross-validation method. In addition, sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve.RESULTS: The accuracy of ResNet, ViT, and CNN+Transfermer for the diagnosis of normal cornea and suspect keratoconus was 85.57%, 86.11%, and 86.54% respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was 0.823, 0.830 and 0.842 respectively. The accuracy of models for the diagnosis of suspect keratoconus and keratoconus was 97.22%, 95.83%, and 98.61%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.951, 0.939, and 0.988 respectively.CONCLUSION: For corneas ≤11.1 mm in diameter, the data model established by CNN+Transformer has a high accuracy rate for classifying keratoconus, which provides real and effective guidance for early screening.

Immobilization of Lactobacillus bulgaricus with gellan gum and its application in continuous fermentation of D-lactic acid from corn straw / 生物工程学报

Biorefinery of chemicals from straw is an effective approach to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by straw burning. In this paper, we prepared gellan gum immobilized Lactobacillus bulgaricus T15 gel beads (LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads), characterized their properties, and established a continuous cell recycle fermentation process for D-lactate (D-LA) production using the LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads. The fracture stress of LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads was (91.68±0.11) kPa, which was 125.12% higher than that of the calcium alginate immobilized T15 gel beads (calcium alginate-T15 gel beads). This indicated that the strength of LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads was stronger, and the strain was less likely to leak out. The average D-LA production was (72.90±2.79) g/L after fermentation for ten recycles (720 h) using LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads as the starting strain and glucose as the substrate, which was 33.85% higher than that of calcium alginate-T15 gel beads and 37.70% higher than that of free T15. Subsequently, glucose was replaced by enzymatically hydrolyzed corn straw and fermented for ten recycles (240 h) using LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads. The yield of D-LA reached (1.74±0.79) g/(L·h), which was much higher than that of using free bacteria. The wear rate of gel beads was less than 5% after ten recycles, which indicated that LA-GAGR is a good carrier for cell immobilization and can be widely used in industrial fermentation. This study provides basic data for the industrial production of D-LA using cell-recycled fermentation, and provides a new way for the biorefinery of D-LA from corn straw.

Role of brown adipose tissue in phlegm-dampness metabolic syndrome based on infrared thermal imaging / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the infrared manifestation and role of brown adipose tissue(BAT) in phlegm-dampness me-tabolic syndrome(MS), and to provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. Subjects were selected from the department of endocrinology and ward in the South District of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from August 2021 to April 2022, including 20 in healthy control group, 40 in non phlegm-dampness MS group and 40 in phlegm-dampness MS group. General information, height and weight of the subjects were collected and body mass index(BMI) was calculated. Waist circumference(WC), systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was measured. Triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS), leptin(LP), adiponectin(ADP) and fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21) were detected. The infrared thermal image of the supraclavicular region(SCR) of the subjects before and after cold stimulation test was collected by infrared thermal imager and the changes of infrared thermal image in the three groups were observed. In addition, the differences in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups were compared, and the changes of BAT in SCR were analyzed. The results showed compared with the conditions in healthy control group, the levels of WC, SBP, DBP, TG and FPG in MS groups were increased(P<0.01), and the HDL-C level was decreased(P<0.01). Compared with non phlegm-dampness MS group, phlegm-dampness MS group had higher conversion score of phlegm dampness physique(P<0.01). According to the infrared heat map, there was no difference in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups before cold stimulation. while after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS groups was lower than that in healthy control group(P<0.05). After cold stimulation, the maximum temperature of SCR and its arrival time in the three groups were as follows: healthy control group(3 min)>non phlegm-dampness MS group(4 min)>phlegm-dampness MS group(5 min). The thermal deviation of SCR was increased and the average body surface temperature of left and right sides were higher(P<0.01) in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, while the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with that in healthy control group, the elevated temperature between left and right sides was lower(P<0.01, P<0.05), and compared with that in non phlegm-dampness MS group, the elevated temperature of left side was lower(P<0.05). The changes of the average body surface temperature of SCR in the three groups were in the order of healthy control group>non phlegm-dampness MS group>phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with the conditions in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, FINS, BMI and FGF-21 levels were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05), while ADP level was decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in phlegm-dampness MS group. Moreover, the LP level in phlegm-dampness MS group was higher than that in non phlegm-dampness MS group(P<0.01). It was observed in clinical trials that after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS patients was lower than that of the healthy people; the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS patients, and the difference in their elevated temperature was lower than that in the other two groups. These characteristics provided objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. With abnormal BAT related indicators, it was inferred that the content or activity of BAT in SCR of phlegm-dampness MS patients were reduced. There was a high correlation between BAT and phlegm-dampness MS, and thus BAT might become an important potential target for the intervention in phlegm-dampness MS.

Research Progress on the Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Multiple Myeloma --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Bone marrow microenvironment is a highly complex environment surrounding tumor, which plays an important role in the survival, proliferation, drug resistance and migration of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. As an important cellular component in tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages(TAM) has attracted attention due to its key role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Targeting TAM has shown potential therapeutic value in cancer treatment. In order to clarify the role of macrophages in MM progression, it is necessary to understand the differentiation of TAM and its characteristics of promoting MM. This paper reviews the research progress on how TAM is programmed in MM and the mechanism of TAM promoting tumor development and drug resistance.

Efficacy of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Combined with Decitabine, Homoharringtonine, Interferon in the Maintenance Therapy of Blast Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine, and interferon regimen as maintenance therapy for blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-BP).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of CML-BP patients who received the first major hematological response after induction therapy at The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2015 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The event-free survival, duration of remission, and overall survival of patients in TKI combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine, interferon group(n=18) and TKI combined with conventional chemotherapy group(n=10) were compared by log-rank test.@*RESULTS@#A total of 28 patients were included, with a median age of 46 (24-58) years old. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in TKI combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine, interferon group had longer event-free survival (7.4 vs 4.3 months, P=0.043, HR＝0.44, 95% CI: 0.17-1.14), duration of overall remission (16.1 vs 6.6 months, P=0.005, HR＝0.32, 95% CI: 0.11-0.89), overall survival (34.3 vs 13.5 months, P=0.006, HR＝0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.82) compared with patients in TKI combined with conventional chemotherapy group.@*CONCLUSION@#The TKI combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine and interferon regimen can significantly prolong the survival of CML-BP patients who obtained the major hematological response compared with TKI combined with conventional chemotherapy regimen.

The Role and Mechanism of MiR-451 in Multidrug Resistance of Leukemia Cell Line K562/A02 / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the differential expressions of miR-451, ABCB1 and ABCC2 in drug-sensitive leukemia cell line K562 and drug-resistant cell line K562/A02, and explore the regulatory relationship between miR-451 and the expressions of ABCB1 and ABCC2 , and the mechanism of miR-451 involved in drug resistance in leukemia.@*METHODS@#CCK-8 assay was used to detect the drug resistance of K562/A02 and K562 cells. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differential expressions of miR-451 in K562 and K562/A02 cells. MiR-451 mimic and negative control (miR-NC), miR-451 inhibitor and negative control (miR-inNC) were transfected into K562 and K562/A02 cells respectively, then qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of mRNA and protein of ABCB1 and ABCC2 in K562 and K562/A02 cells and the transfected groups.@*RESULTS@#The drug resistance of K562/A02 cells to adriamycin was 177 times higher than that of its parent cell line K562. Compared with K562 cells, the expression of miR-451 in K562/A02 cells was significantly higher (P <0.001), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of ABCB1 and ABCC2 in K562/A02 cells were significantly higher than those in K562 cells (P <0.001). After transfected with miR-451 inhibitor, the expression of miR-451 was significantly down-regulated in K562/A02 cells (P <0.001), the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs was significantly enhanced (P <0.05), and the mRNA and protein expressions of ABCB1 and ABCC2 were significantly decreased (P <0.01). After transfected with miR-451 mimic, the expression of miR-451 was significantly upregulated in K562 cells (P <0.001), and the mRNA and protein expressions of ABCB1 and ABCC2 were significantly increased (P <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#There are significant differences in the expressions of miR-451, ABCB1 and ABCC2 between the drug-sensitive leukemia cell line K562 and drug-resistant cell line K562/A02, which suggests that miR-451 may affect the drug resistance of leukemia cells by regulating the expression of ABCB1 and ABCC2.

Protective mechanism of RNA binding protein LIN28 on diabetic nephropathy / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the protective mechanism of RNA binding protein LIN28 on diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods LIN28 was overexpressed or knocked down by adenovirus in HEK 293T cells.The gene and functional signaling pathway significantly changed after overexpression of LIN28 were obtained through RNA Seq transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.HEK 293T cells were divided into the Control group,the Treatment group,the Adv-LIN28-OE+D-ribose group and the Adv-LIN28-NC+D-ribose group in in vitro LIN28 overexpression studies.And HEK 293T cells were divided into the Control group,the Treatment group,the Adv-shRNA LIN28+D-ribose group and the Adv-shRNA NT+D-ribose group in in vitro LIN28 knockdown studies.ELISA was used to detect the levels of human advanced glycation end products(AGEs)of cells supernatants in the above groups.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of RAGE,NF-κB and MMP-2 of cells in the above groups.Results The results of RNA-Seq transcriptome sequencing,GO analysis and KEGG analysis showed that overexpression of LIN28 resulted in a significant down-regulation of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in HEK 293T cells(P<0.05).The results of ELISA showed that compared with the Control group,the cell in the Treatment group produced a large amount of AGEs(P<0.05);compared with the Treatment group,the AGEs level of cells in the Adv-LIN28-OE+D-ribose group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the AGEs level of cells in the Adv-shRNA LIN28+D-ribose group was increased(P>0.05).The results of Western blot showed that compared with the Control group,the expression levels of RAGE,NF-κB and MMP-2 of cells in the Treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the Treatment group,the expression levels of RAGE,NF-κB and MMP-2 of cells in the Adv-LIN28-OE+D-ribose group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of RAGE,NF-κB and MMP-2 of cells in the Adv-shRNA LIN28+D-ribose group were significantly increased(P>0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of LIN28 by adenovirus at the cellular level in vitro can lead to significant differential expression of thousands of genes.In particular,it can inhibit the diabetes and complications-related AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,which is critical in the progression of DN disease,and play a role in protecting DN.

Effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture on pharmacodynamics of remimazolam for loss of consciousness in patients of different genders and ages undergoing painless gastroscopy / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture on the pharmacodynamics of remimazolam for loss of consciousness in the patients of different genders and ages undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods:American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classificationⅠor Ⅱ patients, undergoing elective painless gastroscopy, were divided into 4 groups according to gender and age: agedmale (age≥65 yr) group (group AM), agedfemale (age≥65 yr) group (group AF), young male (18 yr≤age <65 yr) group (group YM), and young female (18 yr≤age <65 yr) group (group YF). After 10 min of wrist-ankle acupuncture on 1st and 2nd areas of the bilateralupper limbs of the patient, modified Dixon′s up-and-down sequential experiment was used for the test.The initial dose of intravenous remimazolam was 0.20 mg/kg. Each time the dose increased/decreased by 0.05 mg/kg. If the patient lost consciousness, the next patient received a lower dose of remimazolam, otherwise a higher dose was given in the next patient. Loss of consciousness was defined as MOAA/S score was 0 or 1, and the process was repeated until 7 turning points appeared.The median effective dose (ED 50)and 95% confidence interval of remimazolam were calculated by probit method. Results:The ED 50 and 95% confidence interval of remimazolam were 0.296(0.233-0.376), 0.319(0.262-0.388), 0.323(0.278-0.375) and 0.344(0.285-0.415)mg/kg in AM, AF, YM and YF groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in ED 50 among the four groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Under the action of wrist-ankle acupuncture, the pharmacodynamics of remazolam is comparable when used for the patients of different genders and ages undergoing painless gastroscopy.

Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons internal exposure and lung function change among healthy college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and lung function, as well as the role of oxidative stress in these associations, so as to provide a scientific basis for air pollution control and policy formulation.@*Methods@#A panel study was carried out among 45 young healthy adults. Four follow up surveys and health examinations were conducted from November 2017 to October 2018 to measure lung function parameters [forced vital capacity (FVC), second forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% vital capacity (FEF 25%~75% )], markers of exposure to 7OHPAHs [∑ 7OH PAHs], and markers of oxidative stress[8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) and 8 isoprostaglandin F 2α (8 iso PGF 2α )]. The relationship between urinary PAH metabolites and lung function was quantified by linear mixed effects models. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the role of oxidative stress in the relationship between OH PAHs and lung function.@*Results@#The median values of FVC, FEV1, FEVI/FVC, PEF, and FEF 25%-75% were 4.37 L, 3.58 L, 83.00%, 4.38 L/s, and 3.32 L/s, respectively. The results showed that each 1 unit increase in log transformed value of 2 Hydroxyfluorene (2 OHFlu) was associated with a 5.05% decrease ( β %=-5.05%，95% CI =-8.85%--1.09%) in FVC, 4.15% decrease ( β %=-4.15%，95% CI =-7.94%- -0.22% ) in FEV1 and 5.87% decrease ( β %=-5.87%，95% CI =-11.35%--0.05%) in FEF 25%-75% , respectively. Each 1 unit increase in log transformed values of 2 OHFlu and 9 Phenanthrol (9 OHPhe) was associated with a 7.03% decrease ( β %=-7.03%，95% CI =-12.60%--1.11%) and a 7.08% decrease ( β%=-7.08%，95% CI =-13.50%--0.17%) in PEF, respectively. Additionally, urinary ∑ 7OH PAHs had a positive correlation with the levels of urinary 8 OHdG and 8 iso PGF 2α ( r =0.64, 0.69, P <0.01). Meanwhile, the levels of 8 OHdG mediated 17.06% and 15.71% of the association between 2 OHFlu with FVC and FEV1.@*Conclusion@#The finding reveales a negative relationship between urinary OH PAHs and lung function among young healthy adults. The 8 OHdG plays a mediated role in the correlation of 2 OHFlu with FVC and FEV1. Active relevant policies are needed to control air pollution and maintain the healthy living conditions of young people.

Tangeretin inhibits tumor stemness of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To study the effect of Tangeretin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the tumor stemness, and to find the molecular mechanism of its effect. Methods    We used cell counting and cell cloning experiments to study the effect of Tangeretin on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro. The effect of Tangeretin on the invasion of NSCLC cells was detected by transwell assay. We detected the effect of Tangeretin on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vivo by nude mouse tumor-bearing experiment. The effect of Tangeretin on tumor stemness of NSCLC cells was detected by self-renew assay, and CD133 and Nanog protein expressions. The expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting (WB). Results    Tangeretin had a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vivo and in vitro. Cell counting experiment, clonal formation experiment and nude mouse tumor-bearing experiment showed that Tangeretin could inhibit the proliferation activity, clonal formation ability, and tumor size of NSCLC cells in vivo. Self-renew experiments showed that Tangeretin could inhibit the self-renew ability of NSCLC cells. WB experiments showed that Tangeretin inhibited the expressions of tumor stemness markers CD133 and Nanog in NSCLC cells. Tangeretin could inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins in NSCLC cells, and the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway could partially remit the inhibitory  effect of Tangeretin on tumor stemness of NSCLC cells. Conclusion    Tangeretin can inhibit the tumor stemness of NSCLC cells, which may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Problematic Use of Internet Among Indonesia University Students: Psychometric Evaluation of Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form

Objective@#Social media addiction and internet gaming disorder may cause mental health problems among a minority of university students. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the 9-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF) are commonly used worldwide. However, they have not been translated or validated into Indonesian. The present study aimed to translate and validate the BSMAS and IGDS9-SF in an Indonesian context among young adults. @*Methods@#A multi-center, web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 458 university students (74% female; mean age 22.5 years) in Indonesia from June to December 2021. The BSMAS and IGDS9-SF were translated into Indonesian. Internal consistency (using Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω) and factor structure (using confirmatory factor analysis) of the two instruments were examined. Concurrent validity of BSMAS and IGDS9-SF was examined using their correlations with two external concepts: nomophobia and psychological distress. @*Results@#Internal consistency of the Indonesian BSMAS and IGDS9-SF were both acceptable (Cronbach’s α=0.80 and 0.90; McDonald’s ω=0.86 and 0.92). Both instruments were unidimensional with good factor loadings (0.54–0.78 for BSMAS; 0.63–0.79 for IGDS9-SF). Moreover, BSMAS and IGDS9-SF had stronger associations with nomophobia (r=0.58 and 0.12; p<0.001) than with psychological distress (r=0.43 and 0.15; p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The Indonesian versions of the BSMAS and IGDS9-SF had good psychometric properties in terms of linguistic validity, unidimensionality, and reliability. The findings indicate the tools are appropriate for assessing the risk of social media addiction and internet gaming disorder among university students in Indonesia.