Postnatal age-related change of brain volume and its association with neurobehavior outcome in term neonates / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To analyze the relationship of the volume of 87 brain regions with postnatal age and neurobehavior in full-term neonates.Methods A total of 75 full-term newborns[gestational age(39.38±1.22)weeks;male/female(51/24);postnatal age(11.11±6.67)days]without abnormalities on brain MRI(three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging,3D T1WI)at our hospital between November 2010 and September 2017 were retrospectively included.Based on the template of 87 brain regions,the neonatal brains were divided into 87 brain regions and their volumes were calculated by using V-shape Bottleneck network(VB-Net)deep learning segmentation technique,Pearson partial correlation and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship of the volume of each brain region with postnatal age and neurobehavioral scores.Results After adjusting for gestational age,birth weight,head circumference,body length and sex,66.7％of the regional brain volumes(58/87 brain regions)significantly increased with the postnatal age(correlation coefficient r:0.2-0.7,P＜0.05).The volumes of gray matter in bilateral lentiform nucleus,left caudate nucleus,right occipital lobe,right inferior temporal lobe,and bilateral anterior temporal lobe strongly correlated with the postnatal age(r＞0.50,P＜0.05).The gray matter volume of the right occipital lobe linearly increased with age(slope:100.67),and was positively correlated with behavioral scores(r=0.324,P＜0.01).Conclusion Most of regional brain volumes increase with the postnatal age during the neonatal period,and the fastest growth occurs in primary sensorimotor-related brain regions,presenting the spatial heterogeneity.Partial brain region grows with the development of behavioral ability.

Correlation between remnant cholesterol and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the correlation between remnant cholesterol(RC)and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION).METHODS: A total of 80 cases of AION patients hospitalized in the department of ophthalmology of Linyi People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the observation group, and 80 cases of those who had completed health checkups in Linyi People's Hospital during the same period(without ischemic optic neuropathy and other fundus vasculopathies)were selected as the control group. The general data and biochemical indexes of the two groups were compared to evaluate the correlation between RC and AION.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the levels of RC, fasting blood glucose(FBG), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in patients with AION were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that RC was positively correlated with TG, TC, and LDL-C(all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that RC and FBG were risk factors for the development of AION. The analysis of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves showed that the level of RC had a better predictive value for the development of AION compared with FBG.CONCLUSION: RC is associated with the development of AION and is a risk factor for the development of AION. Clinical standardization of the management of people with high RC values can reduce the risk of the development of AION, which is of clinical significance.

Application of augmented reality navigation in laparoscopic and robot-assisted liver surgery / 中华外科杂志

In recent years, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery have been widely used, and various intraoperative image navigation systems have also developed rapidly. However, the liver itself has a complex vessel and duct system, which increase the difficulty of liver surgery. The augmented reality image navigation system combines the three-dimensional reconstructed image of the liver with the real liver anatomy, which presents the specific relationship between the tumor location and the surrounding vessels for the surgeon. Compared with other intraoperative image navigation methods, augmented reality has its unique advantages. This paper provides an overview of current advances in registration technology in augmented reality image navigation system, and focuses on its applications in liver surgery, including laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. Finally, the technological problems and difficulties still faced at present are summarized, and future directions worth studying in this field are proposed.

Structural asymmetries in neonatal brain white matter: a diffusion tensor imaging study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the asymmetry of neonatal brain white matter using fractional anisotropy (FA) parameter generated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods:From January 2011 to June 2013, 88 neonates with normal cranial MRI performance, aged 1-14 (7.7±0.3) days and gestational age 31-42 (37.5±0.3) weeks, were retrospectively collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University. According to the gestational age at birth, the neonates were divided into preterm group (37 cases) and term group (51 cases). DTI was processed to generate FA parametric maps. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to analyze the asymmetry in neonatal white matter. Regions of interest were placed in bilaterally symmetrical white matter tracts. The white matter tracts included the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract-posterior limb of the inner capsule (CST-IC), corticospinal tract-corona radiata, cingulum hippocampus part (CGH), inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus temporal part (SLF-temp). The FA value was measured and asymmetry index (AI) was calculated. The independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the AI of each tract between the preterm and term groups. Partial correlation was used to analyze the effects of neonatal gestational age and birth anthropometric measures on the asymmetry of neonate at birth. Results:The results of TBSS showed that the left lateralized areas of brain white matter in the neonatal period were mainly located in the corticospinal tract, external capsule and genu of corpus callosum. The right lateralized areas of brain white matter in the neonatal period were mainly located in the optic radiation and splenium of corpus callosum. In both the preterm and term groups, the tracts related to motor (CST-IC) and language function (ILF, SLF, SLF-temp) were left asymmetry. The CGH of the preterm and the term neonates were right asymmetry, and AI was -0.086±0.114 and -0.140±0.108 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.27, P=0.026), while the differences of AI in the remaining tracts were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Only gestational age was correlated with the AI of ILF ( r=0.234, P=0.033), SLF ( r=0.259, P=0.018), SLF-temp ( r=0.252, P=0.022), CST-IC ( r=0.235, P=0.033). No significant correlation was found between birthweight, head circumference, body length and AI. Conclusions:The asymmetries of brain white matter already exist in neonates aged less than two weeks. The tracts associated with motor and language function are predominantly left asymmetry.

Silencing of SMAD family member 3 promotes M2 polarization of macrophages and the expression of SMAD7 in rheumatoid arthritis / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of SMAD family member 3(SMAD3) silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on macrophage polarization and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/ SMAD family signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods RA macrophages co-cultured with rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were used as a cell model. TGF-β1 was used to stimulate macrophages, and SMAD3-specific siRNA (si-SMAD3) and negative control siRNA (si-NC) were transfected into human RA macrophages co-cultured in TranswellTM chamber. The expression of SMAD3 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3 and SMAD7 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The contents of TGF-β1 and IL-23 in cell culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. TranswellTM chamber was used to measure cell migration. Results Compared with the model group and the si-NC group, the expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3 mRNA and protein in RA macrophages decreased significantly after silencing SMAD3. In addition, the secretion of IL-23 decreased significantly, and the cell proliferation activity and cell migration were inhibited, with high expression of SMAD7. Conclusion Knockdown of SMAD3 can promote M2 polarization and SMAD7 expression in RA macrophages.

Adiponectin Ameliorated Pancreatic Islet Injury Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia through Inhibiting the Imbalance in Mitochondrial Fusion and Division / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective This study aimed to assess the protective value of adiponectin (APN) in pancreatic islet injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, CIH group, and CIH with APN supplement (CIH+APN) group. After 5 weeks of CIH exposure, we conducted oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin released test (IRT), examined and compared the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enzymes gene expression levels of

Mechanism of Xinfeng Capsules improving rheumatoid arthritis based on CD19~+B cells regulating FAK/CAPN/PI3K pathway / 中国中药杂志

To observe the effect of Xinfeng Capsules on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) B lymphocytes,inflammatory mediators,FAK/CAPN/PI3K pathway,in order to explore the mechanism of Xinfeng Capsules in improving clinical symptoms of RA.Joint and systemic symptoms of RA patients were observed,and laboratory indicators[hemoglobin (HGB),platelet count (PLT),erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR),immunoglobulin (Ig) G,Ig A,Ig M,rheumatoid factor (RF),anti-cyclic citrulline antibody (CCP-AB),C-reactive protein (CRP)]were detected.ELISA was used to detect serum interleukin (IL)-1β，IL-10,IL-33,chemokine 5 (CCL5),and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).CD3~-CD19~+B cells were measured by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect FAK,p-FAK,CAPN,PI3K protein.The results showed that Xinfeng Capsules could significantly alleviate RA joint and systemic symptoms and improve clinical efficacy.And Xinfeng Capsules could increase HGB,decrease PLT,CCP-AB,CRP,ESR index,upregulate IL-10 expression,and down-regulate IL-1β，IL-33,CCL5,VEGF,CD3~-CD19~+B cells,FAK,p-FAK,CAPN,PI3K expressions (P<0.01).Based on the above results,Xinfeng Capsules may reduce the expression of CD3~-CD19~+,regulate the balance of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,inhibit abnormal activation of FAK/CAPN/PI3K pathway,and improve clinical symptoms of RA.

Association between the entorhinal cortex and cognitive function in traumatic brain injury based on structural magnetic resonance imaging / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the relationship between changes in the entorhinal cortex （EC） of traumatic brain injury （TBI） and cognitive function based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. 【Methods】 MRI was performed in 26 patients with clinically confirmed TBI after admission， and the Mini-mental State Examination （MMSE） was followed up 6 months later. The TBI patients were classified as mild TBI and moderate to severe TBI according to the post-traumatic Glasgow coma scale （GCS）. We compared the differences in age， gender， education level， hypertension， diabetes， TBI operation history， and follow-up MMSE between the two groups. Then the morphology， surface area， volume and thickness of the patient’s EC were evaluated using the visual score and Freesurfer software， and finally the correlation between EC parameters and MMSE was analyzed. 【Results】 The study included 12 cases of mild TBI and 14 cases of moderate to severe TBI. There were no statistical differences in age， gender， years of education， hypertension， diabetes or TBI operation history. However， the two groups differed significantly in follow-up MMSE. Visual evaluation showed statistical difference in the left EC scores. Structural MRI showed that the volume and thickness of left EC were statistically different between the two groups. The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the thickness of left EC and MMSE （r=0.430， P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】 Entorhinal cortex atrophy after TBI is related to the severity of trauma， and it can reflect the long-term cognitive level of patients， which can be used as a noninvasive and reliable imaging marker for evaluating cognitive impairment after TBI.

Xinfeng capsule for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with decreased pulmonary function--a randomized controlled clinical trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effectiveness and safety of Xinfeng Capsules (XFC) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with decreased pulmonary function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a randomized controlled clinical trial of 80 RA patients. Participants were assigned to the trial group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases) by block randomization. The trial group was treated with XFC, three pills each time three times daily for 2 months. The control group was treated with tripterygium glycoside (TPT), two pills each time three times daily for 2 months. Both groups were followed up after 2 months. The clinical effects, changes in joint and pulmonary function, and quality of life before and after treatment were observed; safety indices were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pain, swelling, tenderness, and duration of morning stiffness of joints were obviously decreased after treatment in both the trial and the control groups compared with baseline (P<0.01). Compared with before treatment, hand grip strength increased significantly after treatment in the trial group (P=0.0000); pulmonary function parameters such as forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), 50% of the expiratory flow of forced vital capacity (FEF50), carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco) were increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05); measures of quality of life such as role-physical, body pain, vitality and mental health were also improved after treatment in the trial group (all P<0.05). Joint swelling in the trial group decreased compared with the control group (P=0.0043), while hand grip strength was increased after treatment (P=0.0000). The increase in FEF50, DLco, and the dimensions of quality of life such as vitality and mental health were all significantly greater in the trial group than the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>XFC not only relieved joint pain in RA patients, but also significantly improved the ventilation and diffusion function of the lungs. Therefore, XFC could improve the whole body function and enhance the quality of life of RA patients.</p>

Effect of Xinfeng Capsule on lung function in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and its mechanism / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Xinfeng Capsule (XFC) on pulmonary function and related mechanism in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control (NC), model control (MC) groups, methotrexate (MTX), tripterygium glycosides tablet (TPT) and Xinfeng capsule (XFC) treatment groups. The adjuvant-induced arthritis model was established by intracutaneous injection of 0.1 mL Freund ' s complete adjuvant in the right paw of rats; the drugs were given 19 d after model establishment. The toe swelling degree (E), arthritis index (AI), pulmonary function, peripheral blood Treg levels, pathological changes of lung tissue and expression of Foxp3, TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 proteins in lung tissue were measured 30 d after drug administration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to NC group, the levels of E, AI, alveolitis score, TGF-β1 and Smad3 were significantly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01); maximum expiratory flow 25% of vital capacity (FEF25),50% maximal expiratory vital capacity flow (FEF50), maximum expiratory flow at 75% of vital capacity (FEF75), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMF), force peak expiratory flow (PEF), CD4+ CD25+ Treg, Foxp3 and Smad7 were significantly decreased in MC group (P <0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared to MC group,the expression of E, AI, TGF-β1 and Smad3 were reduced, while FEF50, FEF75, MMF, PEF, Treg, Foxp3 and Smad7 were elevated in XFC group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Compared to XFC group, the level of body mass,FEF25,FEF50, FEF75, MMF and Treg were lower in MTX and TPT groups (P <0.05 or P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are inflamed joints and reduced pulmonary function in rats of adjuvant-induced arthritis. XFC can inhibit paw edema degrees, reduce arthritis response, and improve pulmonary function, which is associated with up-regulating expression of Treg and Foxp3, down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1 and adjusting TGF-β1/Smads signal pathway.</p>

Role of High-resolution Computed Tomography in Evaluation for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the evaluation of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and the relationship with the pulmonary function test and BODE index.Methods 32 COPD patients and 22 normal controls were examined by pulmonary function test (PFT) and HRCT. The data of two groups were compared.Results The volume and pixel index (PI) in forced expiration were higher in the COPD group than those in the control group ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in Vin between two groups ( P>0.05). In the COPD group, Vex and Vin were negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC ( P<0.05) respectively. There were no correlation between Vin, Vex and FEV1% pre in the COPD patients ( P>0.05) respectively. Vin and Vex were not correlated with BODE index (all P>0.05) respectively. The ratio of Vex/Vin was positively correlated with BODE index ( P<0.05), and not correlated with FEV1/FVC ( P>0.05). PI910ex was positively correlated with BODE index ( P<0.01), and negatively correlated with FEV1%pre, FEV1/FVC (all P<0.05) respectively.Conclusion The pulmonary function of COPD patients can be evaluated by HRCT, especially by PI910ex.

Oral acrylamide affects the development and reproductive performance of male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The content of acrylamide increases remarkably in fried, baked and heat-processed starchy foods. The present experiment was aimed at investigating the toxicity of acrylamide on the reproductive system in male rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty weaned 21-day-old SD male rats were randomly allotted into three groups of 10 each. Group I and Group II were fed on water solutions containing acrylamide 5 mg/kg/d and 10 mg/kg/d for eight consecutive weeks, while the third group on fresh water only as the control. The body weight, viscera weights and testicle and epididymis tissues were detected at the fourth and eighth week respectively. In the end of the experiment, the sperm reserve and morphology in the cauda of the epididymis were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The growth of the rats treated with acrylamide was retarded (P < 0.05). The weights of the testis and epididymis and the sperm concentration in the cauda of the epididymis of Group II were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after acrylamide administration, while no significant change was observed in the sperm concentration of Group I (P > 0.05). Furthermore, histopathological lesions were presented in the testes of the treated rats, and the number of Leydig cells around the apoptosis seminiferous tubules increased significantly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acrylamide has toxic effects on seminiferous tubules and decreases the production of sperm in male rats.</p>

Evaluation of acid diffusion and fluoride selective electrode to measure the total fluoride in toothpastes / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the reliability of a method of measuring the total fluoride in fluoride-containing toothpastes with acid diffusion and fluoride selective electrode.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four brands of commercially available non-fluoride toothpastes and fluoride-containing toothpastes were sampled. Fluoride was extracted from the toothpastes in 2 mol/L HC10(4) at room temperature overnight and then subjected to the measurement with fluoride electrode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fluoride recovery of the non-fluoride toothpastes containing calcium as abrasive by this method was 99.5%-100.5%, more than 94% of total fluoride was measured from the marketed fluoride toothpastes, and the variation coefficient of this method was less than 1.54%. While the abrasive was silicon, the fluoride recovery of the non-fluoride toothpastes was 83.4%, and 89.7% of total fluoride was measured from the marketed fluoride-containing toothpastes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The amount of total fluoride in the calcium containing toothpaste can be detected simply and accurately measured by acid diffusion and fluoride selective electrode.</p>