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1.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981057

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the spatial patterns of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia at the provincial level in China.@*METHODS@#A national and provincial representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 178,558 Chinese adults in 31 provinces in mainland China in 2018-2019, using a multi-stage, stratified, cluster-randomized sampling design. Subjects, as households, were selected, followed by a home visit to collect information. Both descriptive and linear regression procedures were applied in the analyses.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.6%, and wide geographic variations of prevalence, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia were identified among 178,558 eligible participants with a mean age of 55.1 ± 13.8 years. The highest-lowest difference regarding the provincial level prevalence rates were 19.7% vs. 2.1% for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 16.7% vs. 2.5% for high total cholesterol, 35.9% vs. 5.4% for high triglycerides, and 31.4% vs. 10.5% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The treatment rate of dyslipidemia was correlated with the socio-demographic index ( P < 0.001), urbanization rate ( P = 0.01), and affordable basic technologies and essential medicines ( P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Prevailing dyslipidemia among the Chinese population and its wide geographic variations in prevalence, treatment, and control suggest that China needs both integrated and localized public health strategies across provinces to improve lipid management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , East Asian People , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , China/epidemiology , Cholesterol, HDL , Risk Factors , Triglycerides
2.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985513

ABSTRACT

Objective: To establish reference values for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) of adult dwellers in Shenzhen City. Methods: The study was conducted based on the Shenzhen heart failure epidemiological survey from 2021 to 2022. In this survey, residents aged 18 years and above in Shenzhen were selected by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. General information, cardiovascular disease (CVD) related behavior and carotid ultrasound examination and etc. were collected from the participants. People with CVD factors, a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, carotid plaque or having no carotid ultrasound examination results were excluded. The parameter regression model based on fractional polynomial was used to establish the reference values of CIMT by age and sex. Results: A total of 2 163 healthy individuals were enrolled in the final analysis, including 576 males (26.6%) and 1 587 females (73.4%). The fractional polynomial regression of the CIMT mean and standard deviation was obtained. For men, the regression was meanCIMT=0.324 7+0.006 9×age and SDCIMT=0.076 9+0.001 2×age. For women, the regression was meanCIMT=0.354 9+0.005 4×age and SDCIMT=0.041 6+0.002 0×age. Conclusion: The age and sex reference values for CIMT of adult people in Shenzhen established in this study could provide the latest reference standards for early screening of subclinical CVD.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Adult , Female , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Cardiovascular Diseases , Reference Values , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Carotid Arteries , Risk Factors , Carotid Artery Diseases
3.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-997765

ABSTRACT

@#Introduction: Untreated iron deficiency (ID) can lead to severe anaemia, requiring blood transfusion, or increased mortality risk. Globally intravenous (IV) iron is increasingly recognised as a recommended option for patients. This study aims to evaluate the budget impact associated with introducing a new intravenous (IV) iron, ferric derisomaltose (Monofer® [IIM]) as one of the treatment options for the management of ID in the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOHM) setting. Methods: A 5-year budget impact model was developed from 2020 to 2024 for patients with ID that require a high iron dose (≥500 mg), using the perspective of MOHM. The model was built with four external medical specialists, each with experience and deep knowledge of ID management, to support estimations on the future development of iron use in Malaysia. Results: Compared to the current market mix with the existing IV iron products (i.e., iron sucrose and iron dextran), a cost-saving of MYR 53,910 could be achieved with the introduction of IIM in 2020. The uptake of IIM into MOHM over five years is estimated to lead to an overall budget saving of MYR 11,837,524 over a 5-year time horizon. Conclusion: The use of IIM in place of the current IV iron products in MOHM resulted in a significant cost saving by reducing the number of visits required to achieve the targeted iron dose and the shorter IV infusion time with IIM.

4.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935288

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the association between short-term exposure level of nitrogen dioxide and the hospitalization risk of heart failure. Methods: Based on China-PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study, 117 364 hospitalized patients with heart failure were recruited from 92 hospitals in 62 cities throughout China between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015. The daily exposure level of nitrogen dioxide, temperature, and humidity in the same cities during the same period were also collected. We applied the generalized additive model and Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify the lagged effect and cumulative effect of short-term (0-3 days) exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide on the hospitalization risk of heart failure. We further conducted stratified analyses by age, region, and season to identify any difference in the associations between short-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and heart failure among subgroups. Results: The mean age for participants in the analysis was (70.32±12.22) years. The median, minimum and maximum of daily nitrogen dioxide concentration in 62 cities from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 was 26.4 μg/m3, 2.33 μg/m3 and 150.25 μg/m3, respectively. The exposure level of nitrogen dioxide at the same day was associated with the hospitalization risk of heart failure (OR=1.022, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.031). Significant effects were also observed in the moving average concentrations from lag 0-1 to lag 0-3 day (OR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.009, 1.030; OR=1.016, 95%CI: 1.004, 1.028; OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.001, 1.026). Moreover, all of the associations between short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the risk of heart failure hospitalization were statistically significant, with no significant difference in all subgroups stratified by age, region, and season. Conclusion: A higher level of short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide could trigger more hospitalizations with heart failure.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , Air Pollutants/analysis , Air Pollution/analysis , Bayes Theorem , China/epidemiology , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis , Particulate Matter/analysis , Retrospective Studies , Sulfur Dioxide/analysis
5.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-875701

ABSTRACT

@#Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia is common among hemodialysis patients, often accompanies with unfavourable clinical outcomes. Several factors affect phosphate compliance among hemodialysis patients, with lack of such information at the local context. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the associations of sociodemographic factors, knowledge on optimal control of serum phosphate, perceived social support from family, dietary phosphorus intake and phosphate compliance among hemodialysis patients. Methods: Structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic factors, knowledge, family social support and dietary phosphorus intakes of hemodialysis patients, with serum phosphate level was used as the surrogate marker for phosphate compliance. Results: A total of 76 patients (Mean age of 52 years old) were recruited. Hyperphosphatemia was prevalent with approximately 60% of the patients failed to achieve the target. Approximately 90% of the patients perceived low level of family social support. Young patients had significant higher serum phosphate compared to their older counterparts (r = -0.297, p =0.009). Serum phosphate was positively correlated with dietary intake of phosphorus, dialysis vintage (r = 0.301, p = 0.006) and comorbidity score (r = 0.325, p = 0.008) while negatively correlated with dialysis dose (r = -0.582, p = 0.002) and family social support (r = -0.263, p = 0.024). Conclusion: The promising role of dietary phosphorus intake in managing hyperphosphatemia deserves further attention. Innovative approaches are needed to promote self-adherence on serum phosphate especially the younger patients. It is imperative to promote family social support in the management of hyperphosphatemia among hemodialysis patients.

6.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-941805

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the association between rotator cuff tear and the proximal migration of humeral head.@*METHODS@#In this research, we retrospectively selected 30 patients with unilateral rotator cuff tear in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2015 to May 2016, who received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray of the painful shoulder before enrollment in this study, the duration between the two examinations was no longer than 1 week, and also there was no past history of surgery in the selected shoulders. There was no other exclusion criteria. Upward migration index (UMI) was the ratio between the distance of humeral head center to the lower surface of acromion, and the radius of humeral head circle, which could help to minimize the effect of anatomy difference and imaging magnification, compared with the traditional acromiohumeral distance (AHD). Then we introduced this index to stratify the selected 30 patients into 3 groups, and each group contained 10 patients, UMI of group 1 was >1 and ≤1.2, UMI of group 2 was >1.2 and ≤1.4, UMI of group 3 was >1.4. As the supraspinatus was most commonly affected by pathological change among the four rotator cuff tendons, we took it as the research object. Then we used the Spearman correlation analysis to evaluate the relationship between UMI and fatty degeneration, rotator cuff tear size and the thickness of ruptured supraspinatus tendon from X-ray and MRI.@*RESULTS@#In the A-P view, the average UMI was 1.33 (1.02-1.51, SD: ±0.22). UMI and the tear size had a significant negative correlation (R=-0.584, P<0.01), and also there was a negative correlation between the fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus (R=-0.312, P=0.033). However, there was no correlation between UMI and the thickness of ruptured supraspinatus (R=0.127, P=0.071).@*CONCLUSION@#UMI is related with the fatty degeneration of supraspinatus and the tear size. The reduction of UMI is a predictable and reliable mark of rotator cuff tear and degeneration in clinic. Physicians can use physical examination and X-ray first when facing the patients with shoulder pain, which is convenient and helpful for evaluating rotator cuff tears.


Subject(s)
Humans , Humeral Head , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Rotator Cuff , Rotator Cuff Injuries , Shoulder Joint
7.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-737910

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the deaths attributable to alcohol use and its impact on people's life expectancy in China in 2013. Methods: The mortality data from the Disease Surveillance Points System and alcohol use data from China Chronic Disease Surveillance (2013) were used. The deaths attributed to alcohol use and its impact on the life expectancy of Chinese residents were estimated based on the principle of comparative risk assessment by calculating population attributable fraction. Results: In 2013, alcohol use resulted in 381 200 deaths, including 97 100 hemorrhagic stroke deaths, 88 200 liver cancer deaths, 61 400 liver cirrhosis deaths and 48 700 esophageal cancer deaths, and prevented 76 500 deaths, including 68 500, 4 900 and 3 100 deaths which might be caused by ischemic heart disease, hemorrhagic stroke and diabetes respectively. If risk factor of alcohol use is removed, the people's life expectancy would rise by an average of 0.43 years, especially in western China by 0.52 years, which was 0.12 years higher than that in eastern and central China, and the life expectancy of the population in rural and urban areas would rise by 0.48 years and 0.31 years respectively. Conclusions: Although alcohol has a protective effect on reducing ischemic heart disease, stroke and diabetes deaths, alcohol use is still a risk factor influencing the mortality and life expectancy of residents in China. It is necessary to take targeted measures to reduce the health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alcoholism/mortality , Cause of Death , China/epidemiology , Life Expectancy , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
8.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-311336

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study examined vegetable and fruit (VF) consumption rate and its associated factors among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nationally representative data from the 2013 China Chronic Disease Surveillance survey were used. Dietary intake data, including VF consumption during the last 12 months, were collected. All analyses were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates. Associations between VF consumption and other factors (e.g., meal frequency and physical activity) were examined through logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average fruit consumption was 102.3 g/day (95% CI: 97.0-107.6) and the average vegetable consumption was 350.6 g/day (95% CI: 339.3-361.8). Over half (53.2%, 95% CI: 50.9-55.4) of Chinese adults met the VF consumption of 400 g/day recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Rural residents had a higher prevalence of low VF consumption rate than urban residents [49.20% (95% CI: 46.2%-52.2%) vs. 44.0% (95% CI: 41.7%-46.3%) P < 0.01]. Old age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), low educational level, low income, minority ethnicity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.74), underweight (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33), single marital status (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33), low health literacy, irregular breakfast (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.38) or lunch (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.99) habits, and no leisure-time physical activity were associated with low VF consumption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Only half of Chinese adults met the VF consumption recommended by the WHO. Low socio-economic status, irregular diet, and poor health literacy were likely associated with low VF consumption. National efforts and programs are needed to promote VF consumption.</p>

9.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-296490

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the distribution of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We estimated the 10-year ASCVD risk by applying the 2013 American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association pooled cohort equations (PCEs) to the data obtained from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance that involved 61,541 participants (representing 520,158,652 Chinese adults) aged 40-79 years. We also compared the ASCVD risk with the 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk, which was calculated using the simplified scoring tables recommended by the Chinese Guidelines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (Chinese model).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the PCEs, the average 10-year ASCVD risk among adults without self-reported stroke or myocardial infraction was 12.5%. Approximately 247 million (47.4%) and 107 million (20.6%) adults had ⋝ 7.5% and > 20% 10-year ASCVD risks, respectively. The 10-year ASCVD risk > 20% was higher among men, less educated individuals, smokers, drinkers, and physically inactive individuals than among their counterparts. Overall, 29.0% of adults categorized using the Chinese model were overclassified with the PCEs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results define the distribution of 10-year ASCVD risk among Chinese adults. The 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by the PCEs was higher than the ICVD risk predicted by the Chinese model.</p>


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atherosclerosis , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors
10.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-258833

ABSTRACT

In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of socioeconomic status and acculturation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles and CVD and examine the CVD risk factors associated with CVD. We used data from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance surveys, which consisted of a nationally representative sample of women. The following prevalence was found: myocardial infarction (MI): 0.4%; stroke: 0.5%; abnormal cholesterolemia: 44.9%; overweight or obesity: 32.2%; hypertension: 31.7%; diabetes: 9.0%; and smoking: 2.5%. In total, 30.9% of Chinese women had no risk factors, but 13.3% had ⋝3 associated risk factors. In multivariate-adjusted models, hypertension, diabetes, overweight or obese, and smoking were all directly associated with MI; For stroke, associations were positive with hypertension, abnormal cholesterolemia, diabetes, and overweight or obesity. Therefore, it can be concluded that CVD risk factors are common among Chinese women aged ⋝18 years.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aging , Cardiovascular Diseases , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
11.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-670170

ABSTRACT

Objective To explore whether fluid-attenuated inversion recovery can be used to estimate the onset time of acute ischemic stroke (ALS) based on the analysis of signal strength through the fluid-attenuated inversion-recov?ery (FLAIR)and volume of interest (ROI) in ALS patients with known time of onset. Method Forty-seven AIS patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from Baotou Central Hospital, Department of Neurology from January 2011 to December 2012. The patients had stroke onset within 12 hours and completed MRI scan including diffusion-weighted imaging DWI, apparent diffusion and coefficient ADC FLAIR. Based on MRI findings, patients were divided into, three groups:0~180 min, 180~360 min and 360~720 min groups. Signal strength values of the DWI、FLAIR and ADC in ipsi?lateral and contralateral sides were measured. Result There was a significant difference in the FLAIR signal strength among these three groups.The FLAIR signal strength was significantly lower in 0~180 min and 180~360 min groups than in 360-720 min. FLAIR positive rate was 16.7%, 62.5%, and 70.6% in 0~180 min, 180~360 min and 360~729 min groups, respectively. Conclusion FLAIR positive rate gradually increases as the onset prolongs. Thus, lower FLAIR posi?tive rate indicates shorter onset time of AIS, which can be used to assist acute intravenous thrombolytic therapy.

12.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-264579

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe hypertension screening and follow-up management among Chinese population aged 35 years and above within the primary health care system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance System were used. We investigated previous hypertension diagnosis, screening, and follow-up assessments within the primary health care system. The prevalence of self-reported and criterion-based hypertension, screening rates, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with screening, and patterns of follow-up assessments were recorded. The SAS software system was used for statistical analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>About 17.1% reported a previous hypertension diagnosis. The rate difference between the two measures of prevalence was 27.2%. Among those without self-reported hypertension, 27.7% reported never visiting a clinic during the past 1 year and 60.4% of those attending a clinic reported ever being screened. Younger age group was associated with lower screening proportion; odds ratios of 35-, 45-, 55-, and ⋝65 years were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.5-1.9), 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3-1.7), 1.3 (95% CI: 1.2-1.4), and 1.0, respectively. About 35.1% of the patients had undergone follow-up assessments four or more times during the past 1 year.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Majority of the Chinese population aged 35 years and above, particularly the less educated, elderly population, and rural residents were unaware of that they were suffering from hypertension. Most patients did not receive enough management services by the primary health care system. Thus, strengthening both the screening and follow-up management is needed.</p>


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Hypertension , Epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Methods , Primary Health Care
13.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-355748

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the community-based management status of hypertensive patients aged 35 or over in China and provide basic data for evaluation by investigating the hypertensive patients managed in communities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects in this study were recruited from the individuals of the 2010 China Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases. In September 2011, flow-up survey and a cross-section analysis has been done during the same people interviewed in 2010. Clustering sampling method was used to select 11 977 samples aged 35 or over and diagnosed by doctors from community level or above hospitals to be interviewed. A face to face questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on general demographic characteristics, the treatment and control of blood pressure and risk factors of the hypertensive patients of community management.Sample was weighted according to complex sampling scheme and post-stratification to represent the population of Chinese hypertensive patients aged 35 or over and the rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the subgroups according to different characteristics. The Rao-scott χ(2) test was performed to test for the differences of the rates of the subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the survey, there were 11 977 patients aged 35 or over diagnosed as hypertension by doctors, and among them, a total of 5120 hypertensive patients had been under management in communities. After being weighted the rate of management of hypertensive patients in communities was 43.99% (95%CI:38.17%-49.81%). There was a significant difference in the proportion of patients receiving management services when comparing different age groups (χ(2) = 21.98, P < 0.01) and sex (χ(2) = 4.18, P < 0.05), the rate of management among the patients aged 65 or over was 46.97% (95%CI:40.44%-53.50%), while among the patients aged 35 to 44 was only 37.72% (31.78%-43.65%). The rate of management was higher among females (45.37%, 95%CI:39.24%-51.50%) than males (42.50%, 95%CI:36.71%-48.30%). The overall rate of standardized management of hypertensive patients managed in communities was 35.30% (95%CI:31.78%-38.81%). The research also found differences in the proportions of patients receiving standardized management services when comparing different age groups (χ(2) = 28.66, P < 0.05), gender (χ(2) = 235.85, P < 0.01), and regions (χ(2) = 9.29, P < 0.05). The rate of receiving standardized management services among the patients aged 65 or over was 40.52% (95%CI:36.21%-44.82%), while among the patients aged 35 to 44 was only 26.18% (95%CI:20.07%-32.29%), the rate was lower among males (16.78%, 95%CI:14.13%-19.42%) than females(51.29%, 95%CI:46.41%-56.16%) , the rate of patients living in urban areas (38.53%, 95%CI:34.34%-42.72%) was higher than patients living in rural areas (33.36%, 95%CI:28.17%-38.55%) . The differences of the treatment rates of hypertensive patients managed in communities were found among different age groups (χ(2) = 26.39, P < 0.01), gender (χ(2) = 13.91, P < 0.01), and regions (χ(2) = 4.27, P < 0.05), the rate of treatment was 94.67% (93.41%-95.93%) among the patients aged 65 or over , while 86.47% (95%CI:81.05%-91.89%) among patients aged 35 to 44, the rate of treatment was higher among females (94.35%, 95%CI:93.15%-95.55%) than among males (90.84%, 95%CI:88.99%-92.70%), and it was also higher among patients living in urban regions (94.17%, 95%CI:92.62%-95.71%) than among patients living in rural regions (91.86%, 95%CI:90.20%-93.52%). The rate of control of hypertensive patients managed in communities was 33.13% (95%CI:29.50%-36.76%) and the rate was higher among the subjects living in the urban areas (45.09%, 95%CI:38.73%-51.45%) than in rural areas (25.96%, 95%CI:21.63%-30.30%) (χ(2) = 22.40, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results from our study showed that community management of hypertension had been popularized across the country. And it could significantly improve the program on the treatment and control of hypertension at the community level in China.</p>


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Community Health Services , Disease Management , Hypertension , Epidemiology , Therapeutics , Surveys and Questionnaires
14.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-355781

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between prevalence of central obesity and clustering of cardiometabolic diseases among Chinese elder people over 60 years old.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A complex multistage stratified sampling survey on chronic diseases was conducted in 162 surveillance points, 31 provinces, China in 2010 by China CDC. The survey included face-to-face interview, physical measurement (body height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure) and laboratory test (blood sugar, blood lipid and hemoglobin A1C), to collect the information about the prevalence of the risk factors as smoking, drinking, diet and physical activities and the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. The survey selected 19 966 subjects who were over 60 years old. Central obesity was defined as WC ≥ 85 cm in males or ≥ 80 cm in females. The prevalence of central obesity among the elder people over 60 years old in different districts and populations was calculated; and the proportion of cardiometabolic diseases in groups of different WC was then analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of central obesity among elderly population over 60 years old was 48.6% (95%CI:46.1%-51.2%), including 39.7% (95%CI:37.2%-42.2%) males and 57.3% (95%CI:54.5%-60.1%) females. The proportion of females was higher than that of males (χ(2) = 474.63, P < 0.01). The higher the education level, the higher the prevalence of central obesity among elderly men. There was no significant association among females. The higher the family income, the higher the prevalence of central obesity. The prevalence of central obesity was 59.2% in urban area, which was much higher than that in rural area (43.5%) (χ(2) = 50.06, P < 0.01). The proportion of hypertension, diabetes and clustering of cardiometabolic disease was separately 18.8% (95%CI:16.1%-21.5%) , 66.2% (95%CI:63.0%-69.4%) and 47.5% (95%CI:44.1%-50.8%) among elderly men with WC between 85 and 89 cm, and separately 24.0% (95%CI:21.2%-26.8%), 78.2% (95%CI:75.6%-80.8%) and 64.0% (95%CI:60.3%-67.6%) among elderly men with WC ≥ 90 cm; which were both higher than those among elderly men with WC < 85 cm (separately 13.4% (95%CI:11.5%-15.3%) , 58.3% ( 95%CI:55.5%-60.1%) and 30.8% (95%CI:28.7%-32.9%) ). The proportion of hypertension, diabetes and clustering of cardiometabolic disease was 20.1% (95%CI:17.4%-22.7%) , 68.6% (95%CI:65.5%-71.8%) and 48.1% (95%CI:44.6%-51.6%) among elderly women with WC between 80 and 84 cm, and separately 31.7% (95%CI:28.9%-34.4%) , 81.0% (95%CI:78.5%-83.5%) and 61.8% (95%CI:58.9%-64.8%) among elderly women with WC ≥ 85 cm; which were both higher than those among elderly women with WC < 80 cm (separately 12.8% (95%CI:10.8%-14.8%) , 60.1% (95%CI:57.1%-63.0%) and 30.4% (95%CI:27.3%-33.5%)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nearly half of the Chinese elder people were central obese. The proportion of cardiometabolic diseases among central obesity was significantly higher than that among non-obese population. We should pay more concern about them in the future prevention and control of chronic diseases.</p>


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Body Mass Index , Cardiovascular Diseases , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Metabolic Diseases , Epidemiology , Obesity, Abdominal , Epidemiology , Risk Factors
15.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-355783

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the current status and association between movement disorders, constipation and sleep disturbances in the elderly population of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 42 353 subjects aged over 60 years old from Chinese Chronic Non-communicable Disease & Risk Factor Surveillance (2010) was selected in our study. The information on movement disorders, constipation and sleep disturbances was collected by standardized questionnaire interview. The prevalence and association of self-reported movement disorders, constipation and sleep disturbances was measured according to different gender, age groups and regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study was conducted among 42 353 old adults, including 21 893 males (51.7%) and 20 460 females (48.3%); 17 917 from urban areas (42.3%) and 24 436 from rural areas (57.7%); and the proportion of elderly from eastern, central and western regions were 37.9% (16 031 subjects), 29.1% (12 345 subjects) and 33.0% (13 977 subjects) respectively. After weighted complex analysis, the data showed that among the elderly population over 60 years old in China, the self-reported rates of movement disorders, constipation and sleep disturbances were all age-related, rising up with the age increasing. The rates of 60-64 age group were 2.8% (95%CI:1.9%-3.7%), 3.6% (95%CI:3.1%-4.1%) and 12.4% (95%CI:11.0%-13.8%);and in ≥ 80 age group, the rates were 13.2% (95%CI:10.2%-16.1%), 8.8% (95%CI:7.1%-10.6%) and 19.1% (95%CI:16.3%-21.9%). The self-reported rate of movement disorders was 5.7% (95%CI: 4.5%-7.0%); the prevalence of constipation was 5.1% (95%CI: 4.4%-5.7%), which was higher among women (5.8%, 95%CI: 5.0%-6.6%) than it among men (4.3%, 95%CI: 3.7%-4.8%) (χ(2) = 23.40, P < 0.05), and higher among subjects from urban areas (6.0%, 95%CI: 5.1%-7.0%) than from rural areas (4.6%, 95%CI: 3.8%-5.4%) (χ(2) = 5.62, P < 0.05); the prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances was 14.2% (95%CI: 12.7%-15.8%), higher in women (17.4%, 95%CI: 15.4%-19.3%) than in men (11.0%, 95%CI: 9.7%-12.2%) (χ(2) = 172.05, P < 0.05); the prevalence of movement disorders in people with constipation (16.3%, 95%CI: 12.7%-19.9%) was much higher than it in people without constipation (5.2%, 95%CI: 4.0%-6.3%) (χ(2) = 242.73, P < 0.05); and the prevalence of movement disorders in people with sleep disturbances (13.0%, 95%CI: 10.6%-15.4%) was much higher than it in people without sleep disturbances (4.5%, 95%CI: 3.5%-5.5%) (χ(2) = 688.80, P < 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that constipation and sleep disturbances would increase the risk of movement disorders, with the OR (95%CI) at 2.93 (2.57-3.33) and 2.73 (2.48-3.02), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study showed that self-reported rates of movement disorders, constipation and sleep disturbances all rose up with age increasing in the elderly. The movement disorders was associated with constipation and sleep disturbances.</p>


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Constipation , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Movement Disorders , Epidemiology , Prevalence , Rural Population , Sleep Wake Disorders , Epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population
16.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-298978

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the self-rated health status among Chinese residents in 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data was from the Non-communicable Disease & Risk Factor Surveillance in China, 2010. A total of 98 638 adults aged ≥ 18 years were included in the study. Self-rated health was assessed by four questions: (1) Would you assess your health status as very good or good, general (not good/not poor), poor or very poor? (2) How many days was your health not good for physical illness during the past 30 days? (3) How many days was your health not good for injury during the past 30 days? (4) How many days was your health not good for mental illness, which include stress and problem with emotions depression during the past 30 days? After being weighed according to complex sampling scheme and post-stratification, the sample was used to estimate the prevalence of self-rated health. The Rao-scott χ(2) test with different samples was adopted for comparison among groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total, 57.5% (95%CI:55.5%-59.5%) of the participants rated their health as being either very good or good, 36.2% (95%CI:34.5%-37.8%) as general, and only 6.3% (95%CI:5.7%-6.9%) as poor or very poor; In different age groups and gender, the differences were statistically significant (χ(2) values were 1179.88, 85.36, both P values were < 0.05) . The reported rate of poor or very poor health increased significantly with advancing age ranging from 2.0% (95%CI:1.5%-2.4%)in 18-24 year-old group to 14.9% (95%CI:12.6%-17.2%) in ≥ 75 year-old group; Females were more likely than males to rate their health as poor or very poor , respectively (7.2%; 95%CI 6.5%-7.9% and 5.4%; 95%CI:4.9%-5.9%). During the past 30 days 18.5% (95%CI:17.1%-19.8%) of the participants was not in good health for physical illness. The reported rate of physical illness increased significantly with advancing age (χ(2) = 211.99, P < 0.01), and it was the lowest in 25-34 year-old group (15.4%; 95%CI:13.7%-17.0%), and the highest in ≥ 75 year-old group (28.3%; 95%CI:24.9%-31.6%) . It was statistically higher among females (21.1%; 95%CI:19.5%-22.6%) compared to males (15.9%; 95%CI:14.6%-17.3%) (χ(2) = 231.81, P < 0.01); the reported rates of physical illness were 17.4% (95%CI:15.3%-19.5%) among residents in the east region, 17.2% (95%CI:14.7%-19.6%) in the middle region, and 21.5% (95%CI:18.7%-24.4%) in the western region(χ(2) = 6.75, P < 0.01). During the past 30 days 2.7% (95%CI:2.3%-3.2%) of the participants was not in good health for injure. The reported rate of injure decreased significantly with advancing age (χ(2) = 25.54, P < 0.01), and it was the highest in 18-24 year-old group (3.8%; 95%CI:2.6%-5.0%), and the lowest in 35-44 year-old group (2.3%; 95%CI:1.8%-2.7%) . It was statistically higher among males (3.0%; 95%CI:2.4%-3.5%) compared to females (2.5%; 95%CI:2.1%-2.9%) (χ(2) = 8.89 P < 0.01) ; the reported rates of injure were 2.3% (95%CI:1.9%-2.7%) among residents in the east region , 2.1% (1.7%-2.4%) in the middle region, and 4.1% (95%CI:2.6%-5.6%) in the west region (χ(2) = 16.26, P < 0.01). During the past 30 days 10.0% (95%CI:8.8%-11.3%) of the participants was not in good health for mental illness. The reported rate of mental illness decreased significantly with advancing age (χ(2) = 92.14 P < 0.01), and it was the highest in 18-24 year-old group (12.9%; 95%CI: 10.6%-15.2%), and the lowest in ≥ 75 year-old group (5.7%; 95%CI: 4.4%-7.0%) .It was statistically higher among females (10.8%; 95%CI:9.5%-12.1%) than males (9.2%; 95%CI:7.9%-10.5%) (χ(2) = 21.59, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The self-rated health status among Chinese residents was good in 2010. Substantial variation exists in self-rated health status across age groups, between genders, and across regions. Considering these disparities will be important for developing health policy and allocating resources.</p>


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Health Status , Quality of Life
17.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-327682

ABSTRACT

Objective To estimate the disease burden of diabetes in China,2010.Methods We calculated the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of diabetes,using data from both the Mortality Surveillance in National Disease Surveillance Points System and the China Chronic Disease Surveillance (2010).We also examined the differences of DALYs by gender,age,urban/rural areas and geographical locations.Results The overall disease burden of diabetes was 19.12 DALYs per 1000 population.Men (18.30 DALYs per 1000) had a higher DALY rate than in women (19.97 DALYs per 1000).We observed an upside-down"U"relationship between DALY rate and age.Residents aged 15-79 years bore most part of disease burden and the burden peaked among population at age from 45 to 60 years (30.39 DALYs per 1000).There was a higher DALY rate seen in the population from the urban areas (17.83 DALYs per 1000) than those from the rural areas (17.03 DALYs per 1000).In order,the burden showed a decrease from the eastern region (22.28 DALYs per 1000),middle region (19.62 DALYs per 1000) to the western region (13.54 DALYs per 1000),in the country.Conclusion China is currently carrying considerable burden caused by diabetes among the population of labor force while inequity of burden was seen among different geographical regions within China.

18.
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology ; (12): 1055-1058, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-320909

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the status of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adult population in Shandong province in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 15 350 representative subjects aged 18 to 69 in Shandong province were selected with multistage stratified and clustered sampling design. Questionnaire investigation and physical examination including measurement of blood pressure, height and weight, were taken for all of them. The prevalence was estimated by weighted SURVEYFREQ model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Shandong province, 34.5% of the hypertensive patients were aware of their high blood pressure (31.1% in male, 38.5% in female), 27.5% of them were taking antihypertensive medications (24.1% in male, 31.7% in female), and 14.9% of them (13.7% in male, 16.4% in female) were under control for their blood pressure (<140/90 mm Hg).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adult hypertensive population in Shandong province, China were low, and it is urgently needed to take steps for intervention and control for hypertension prevention, particularly in rural areas.</p>


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Awareness , Blood Pressure , China , Epidemiology , Hypertension , Epidemiology , Therapeutics , Surveys and Questionnaires
19.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-326206

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among elderly population in China in 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 2010, The 3rd Chronic Non-communicable Disease & Risk Factor Surveillance in China was conducted in 31 provinces and Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps. A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used from 162 National Disease Surveillance Points (DSPs). A total of 19 981 residents aged ≥ 60 years received a set of standardized questionnaire interview, physical examinations and laboratory test for lipid & glucose levels in blood. After complex weighting of the sample, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were compared for different gender, age groups and regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After complex weighting, among elderly, the overall prevalence of hypertension was 66.9%, and the rates were greater in the eastern areas (67.9%) than in the western areas (62.5%) (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference between urban areas and rural areas (P > 0.05); the prevalence of diabetes was 19.6%, the rates were greater in the eastern areas (21.5%) than in the western areas (17.7%) (P < 0.05), and greater in the urban areas (25.0%) than in the rural areas (17.0%) (P < 0.05) ; the prevalence of high triglycerides, high blood cholesterol and high low-density lipoprotein were all higher in the urban areas (12.4%, 6.4% and 5.2%) than in the rural areas (10.1%, 4.2% and 2.8%) (all P values < 0.05), and also higher for women (12.9%, 6.9% and 4.7%) than for men (8.7%, 2.9% and 2.4%) (all P values < 0.05); the prevalence of hypertension in people with abnormal blood lipids (74.3%) was higher than those with normal blood lipids (65.7%) (P < 0.05); the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia in people with diabetes (77.3%, 23.2%) were both greater than the prevalence in non-diabetic group (64.5%, 12.6%) (both P values < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study showed high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among elderly people in China. The rates were greater in the eastern than in the western and higher for women than for men. The rates of diabetes and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the urban areas than in the rural areas. Comprehensive prevention and control of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among the elderly should be enhanced.</p>


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , China , Epidemiology , Cholesterol, HDL , Blood , Cholesterol, LDL , Blood , Diabetes Mellitus , Epidemiology , Dyslipidemias , Epidemiology , Hypertension , Epidemiology , Lipids , Blood , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Triglycerides , Blood
20.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-326246

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the status of dietary intake of Chinese adults in 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 2010, China Chronic Disease Surveillance was carried out in 31 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The survey was undertaken in 162 surveillance sites in the national disease surveillance points system by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling. The participants were local residents (living in the area for more than 6 months) aged 18 years and above in the surveillance sites. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intake for 97 187 urban and rural adults aged 18 years and above. After complex weighting for the sample, the average daily consumption for major food was analyzed for different genders and regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After complex weighting, the median of cereal, rice and wheat flour intake for Chinese adults was 375.0 g. The median of livestock meat intake was 57.1 g with western areas (85.7 g) much higher than eastern (57.1 g) and central areas (46.2 g) (χ² = 2054.82, P < 0.01). The median of poultry intake was 7.1 g, eastern areas (10.0 g) higher than western and central areas (both 6.7 g) (χ² = 1210.86, P < 0.01). The median of seafood intake was 14.3 g, eastern (15.0 g) much higher than central (14.3 g) and western areas (7.1 g) (χ² = 5603.37, P < 0.01). The median of daily intake for eggs was 21.4 g, western (14.3 g) lower than eastern and central areas (both 21.4 g) (χ² = 1699.11, P < 0.01). The median of dairy product intake was 42.9 g, eastern (57.1 g) higher than western and central areas (both 35.7 g) (χ² = 196.35, P < 0.01). Overall, 52.8% of urban and rural residents did not meet recommended amount of fruit and vegetable intake. The rate of inadequate intake of fruit and vegetable was higher in rural (55.7%) than urban areas (46.1%, χ² = 929.43, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The adult intake of cereal category foods tended to decline in 2010, and the intakes of vegetable and fruits, fishery products as well as dairy products were evidently deficient and regionally varied.</p>


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Dairy Products , Edible Grain , Feeding Behavior , Fruit , Meat , Nutrition Surveys , Vegetables
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