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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, severe, and highly contagious infectious disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which seriously endangers the development of animal husbandry. The inactivated FMD vaccine is the main product for the prevention and control of FMD, which has been successfully applied to control the pandemic and outbreak of FMD. However, the inactivated FMD vaccine also has problems, such as the instability of antigen, the risk of spread of the virus due to incomplete inactivation during vaccine production, and the high cost of production. Compared with traditional microbial and animal bioreactors, production of antigens in plants through transgenic technology has some advantages including low cost, safety, convenience, and easy storage and transportation. Moreover, since antigens produced from plants can be directly used as edible vaccines, no complex processes of protein extraction and purification are required. But, there are some problems for the production of antigens in plants, which include low expression level and poor controllability. Thus, expressing the antigens of FMDV in plants may be an alternative mean for production of FMD vaccine, which has certain advantages but still need to be continuously optimized. Here we review the main strategies for expressing active proteins in plants, as well as the research progress on the expression of FMDV antigens in plants. We also discuss the current problems and challenges encountered, with the aim to facilitate related research.
Subject(s)
Animals , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/prevention & control , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Viral VaccinesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at different frequencies on learning and memory functions, as well as the relevant proteins of brain insulin signal transduction pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice and explore the effect mechanism of EA in treatment of AD.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two SPF Kunming male mice were randomized into a blank group, a sham-operation group, a model group, a 2 Hz EA group, a 15 Hz EA group and a 30 Hz EA group, 12 mice in each one. In the model group and each EA group, AD model were established by the injection with streptozotocin (ST2) solution (8 mg/kg) into the left lateral ventricles. In the sham-operation group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution of the same volume was injected into the left lateral ventricles. After successful modeling, in each EA group, EA was applied at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Dazhui" (GV 14) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) with corresponding frequencies, once daily. One course of EA intervention consisted of 7 treatments and 2 courses were given totally at interval of 1 day. After modeling and intervention, Morris water maze test was conducted for the mice of each group. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blot method, the protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) was detected in the hippocampal of the mice after intervention.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the 2 Hz, 15 Hz and 30 Hz EA groups, the escape latency and the first time of crossing the platform were all extended (P<0.01), and the number of crossing the platform was reduced (P<0.01) after modeling. When compared with the blank group, the escape latency and the first time of crossing the platform were all extended (P<0.01), and the number of crossing the platform was reduced (P<0.01) in the model group after intervention. In the 2 Hz, 15 Hz and 30 Hz EA groups, the escape latency and the first time of crossing the platform were all shortened (P<0.01), and the number of crossing the platform was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) after intervention when compared with the model group. The escape latency and the first time of crossing the platform were all shortened (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the number of crossing the platform was increased (P<0.05) in the 15 Hz and 30 Hz EA groups in comparison with the 2 Hz EA group. The protein expression levels of IR, IRS-1 and PI3K were reduced in the model group when compared with those of the blank group (P<0.01, P<0.05); and these protein expression levels were increased in the 15 Hz and 30 Hz EA groups compared with the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the 2 Hz EA group, the protein expression levels of IR, IRS-1 and PI3K were all elevated in the 15 Hz and 30 Hz EA groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The learning and memory function of AD mice may be improved through regulating brain insulin signaling transconduction pathway with electroacupuncture, and electroacupuncture at 15 Hz and 30 Hz obtains the overall better effect compared with the intervention at 2 Hz.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Electroacupuncture , Hippocampus/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the drug resistance and multilocus sequence typing of five types of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from diarrhea outpatients of diarrhea comprehensive monitoring designated hospital in Qingpu District, Shanghai from 2015 to 2019. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, five types of DEC, isolated and identified from diarrhea outpatient cases' anal swabs of the Qingpu branch of Zhongshan Hospital were collected to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration by using the micro broth dilution susceptibility test. The strains, resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins or carbapenems, or producing ESBLs, were selected based on the results of sensitivity tests and determined by WGS. The MLST typing of DEC was analyzed based on the WGS technology and the minimum spanning tree was constructed by BioNumerics 7.6 software to analyze the local dominant flora. Results: A total of 513 strains of DEC were detected and isolated from 4 494 anal swabs, with a detection rate of 11.42%. About 500 strains were tested for drug sensitivity to nine antibiotics in four classes, including 330 strains of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), 72 strains of enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), 95 strains of enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), 1 strain of enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC), and 2 strains of enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC). From 2015 to 2019, the resistance rate of cefotaxime-clavulanic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). The resistance rate of virulence types of DEC to nalixic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). About 71 strains of DEC were determined by WGS, and 77 drug-resistant genes were detected. Strains were classified into 32 ST subtypes, with the dominant genotypes being ST-1491 (29.6%, 21/71) and ST-10 Complex (23.9%, 17/71). All ST-1491 produced ESBLs, which were blaCTX-M gene mutant strains. The dominant type of ST-10 complex was ST-218 (35.3%, 6/17). In addition, 8 strains of EAEC, 14 strains of EPEC and 49 strains of ETEC were classified into 7, 14 and 18 ST subtypes, respectively. Conclusion: The drug resistance of DEC strains from the diarrhea outpatient case of Qingpu District is serious. The ST types of EAEC and EPEC are highly polymorphic. The dominant ST types of DEC are basically consistent with the common genotypes in southeast China.
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Objective:To explore the influencing factors of visual prognosis of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME) after treatment with ranibizumab, and construct and verify the nomogram model.Methods:A retrospective study. A total of 130 patients with BRVO-ME diagnosed by ophthalmology examination in the Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Red Cross Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected in this study. All patients received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into the training set and the test set with a ratio of 3:1, which were 98 patients (98 eyes) and 32 patients (32 eyes), respectively. According to the difference of logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months after treatment and logMAR BCVA before treatment, 98 patients (98 eyes) in the training set were divided into good prognosis group (difference ≤-0.3) and poor prognosis group (difference >-0.3), which were 58 patients (58 eyes) and 40 patients (40 eyes), respectively. The clinical data of patients in the two groups were analyzed, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out for the different indicators, and the visualization regression analysis results were obtained by using R software. The consistency index (C-index), convolutional neural network (CNN), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to verify the accuracy of the nomogram model.Results:Univariate analysis showed that age, disease course, outer membrane (ELM) integrity, elliptical zone (EZ) integrity, BCVA, center macular thickness (CMT), outer hyperreflective retinal foci (HRF), inner retina HRF, and the blood flow density of retinal deep capillary plexus (DCP) were risk factors affecting the visual prognosis after treatment with ranibizumab in BRVO-ME patients ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that course of disease, ELM integrity, BCVA and outer HRF were independent risk factors for visual prognosis after ranibizumab treatment for BRVO-ME patients ( P<0.05). The ROC area under the curve of the training set and the test set were 0.846[95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.789-0.887) and 0.852 (95% CI 0.794 -0.873)], respectively; C-index were 0.836 (95% CI 0.793-0.865) and 0.845 (95% CI 0.780-0.872), respectively. CNN showed that the error rate gradually stabilized after 300 cycles, with good model accuracy and strong prediction ability. Conclusions:Course of disease, ELM integrity, BCVA and outer HRF were independent risk factors of visual prognosis after ranibizumab treatment in BRVO-ME patients. The nomogram model based on risk factors has good differentiation and accuracy.
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Objective To investigate the preventive effect of schisandrin(SCH)on fetal neural tube defects(NTDs)of mice and its mechanism.Methods C57BL/6 mice were mated with female and male at a ratio of 2:1.Pregnant female mice with vaginal plug after mating were randomly divided into control group,model group,SCH group,and folic acid group,with 9 mice in each group.The NTDs fetal mice model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of all-trans retinoic acid(atRA)(7.5 mg/kg)on embryonic day 7.5(E 7.5 d).During E 0.5 d-E 11.5 d,pregnant rats in folic acid group were given folic acid[61.0 μg/(kg·d)]by gavage once a day,and pregnant rats in SCH group were given SCH[8.0 mg/(kg·d)]by gavage once a day.Fetal mice were removed by cesarean section on E 11.5 d.PC12 cells were divided into control group,model group and SCH group.PC12 cells were treated with atRA(20 μmol/L)for 12 hours to establish cell damage model in model group,and treated with SCH(2.5 μmol/L)for 24 hours in SCH group.Fetuses were identified NTDs by stereoscopic microscopy.HE staining was used to observe the closure of the neural tube.The expression levels of p-PI3K,Akt and p-Akt molecules in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected by Western Blotting.Results Compared with control group,the incidence of NTDs was significantly increased in mice of model group(P<0.01);compared with model group,the incidence of NTDs was decreased in folic acid group and SCH group(P<0.01);compared with folic acid group,SCH group had a lower incidence of NTDs(P<0.01).Western Blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in fetal tissues of model group was significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05);compared with model group,there was no significant difference in expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in fetal tissues of folic acid group(P>0.05),while the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in SCH group was significantly higher(P<0.05).Compared with control group,PC12 cells in model group showed lower expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt(P<0.05);compared with model group,PC12 cells in SCH group showed higher expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt(P<0.05).Conclusions SCH can reduce the incidence of atRA-induced NTDs in fetal mice,and its preventive effect is better than folic acid,which may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Infusion misdirection syndrome(IMS)is a rare and troublesome intraoperative complication during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, which usually occurs in hydrodissection, phacoemulsification or irrigation/aspiration(I/A). Under the factors of lax zonular fibers, lens dislocation, posterior capsular rupture, the anterior segment crowding, high perfusion pressure, the infusion fluid accumulates in the vitreous cavity or behind the vitreous, leading to intraocular hypertension, shallowness or even disappearance of the anterior chamber and eventually causing the suspension of surgery. It needs to be differentiated from suprachoroidal hemorrhage(SCH), capsular block syndrome(CBS), etc. After intraoperative emergency treatments, such as rest combined with intravenous drip of mannitol, pars plana needle aspiration or vitrectomy, a favorable prognosis can be obtained. This review discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis, emergency management, prevention and prognosis of IMS during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, with the aim of providing clinical guidance for ophthalmologists.
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Aim To study the therapeutic effect of Balanophora polysaccharide(BPS)on gastric ulcer(GU)induced by acetic acid in rats and to investigateits mechanisms. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, GU model group, omeprazole positive group(3.6 mg·kg-1), and low, medium and high dose of BPS treatment groups(100, 200 and 400 mg·kg-1). The GU model group was prepared by acetic acid cautery method, and the morphology and pathological changes of ulcers were observed by visual observation combined with HE staining, and the ulcer area and inhibition rate were measured and calculated; superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity, malondialdehyde(MDA)content and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)activity were measured by enzymatic assay; tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)content were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of epidermal growth factor(EGF)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)were measured by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, obvious ulcer damage was seen in the model group. Compared with the model group, the BPS-treated group showed a significant reduction in ulcer area, an increase in SOD and GSH-PX activity and EGF and EGFR expression levels, and a significant decrease in MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 content. Conclusions BPS has a therapeutic effect on GU in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, suppression of inflammatory stimuli and promotion of regenerative repair of gastric mucosa.
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The aim of this study was to produce recombinant porcine interferon gamma (rPoIFN-γ) by Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells expression system and to analyze its antiviral activity. Firstly, we constructed the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-PoIFN-γ and transfected into suspension cultured CHO cells for secretory expression of rPoIFN-γ. The rPoIFN-γ was purified by affinity chromatography and identified with SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of rPoIFN-γ was analyzed by CCK-8 test, and the antiviral activity of rPoIFN-γ was evaluated using standard procedures in VSV/PK-15 (virus/cell) test system. Finally the anti-Seneca virus A (SVA) of rPoIFN-γ activity and the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and cytokines were also analyzed. The results showed that rPoIFN-γ could successfully expressed in the supernatant of CHO cells. CCK-8 assays indicated that rPoIFN-γ did not show cytotoxicity on IBRS-2 cells. The biological activity of rPoIFN-γ was 5.59×107 U/mg in VSV/PK-15 system. Moreover, rPoIFN-γ could induced the expression of ISGs and cytokines, and significantly inhibited the replication of SVA. In conclusion, the high activity of rPoIFN-γ was successfully prepared by CHO cells expression system, which showed strong antiviral activity on SVA. This study may facilitate the investigation of rPoIFN-γ function and the development of novel genetically engineered antiviral drugs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Swine , Interferon-gamma/pharmacology , Cricetulus , CHO Cells , Sincalide , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to produce Erns protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by using suspensively cultured CHO cells expression system and to analyze the immunogenicity of the purified Erns protein. In this study, the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-BVDV-Erns was constructed based on the gene sequence of BVDV-1 NADL strain. The Erns protein was secreted and expressed in cells supernatant after transfecting the recombinant expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-BVDV-Erns into CHO cells. The expression and purification of the Erns protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, the reactivity was determined with anti-His monoclonal antibodies and BVDV positive serum with Western blotting. Immunogenicity analysis of the Erns protein was determined after immunizing New Zealand white rabbits, and the serum antibodies were tested by indirect ELISA (iELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The serum neutralizing titer of the immunized rabbits was determined by virus neutralization test. The concentration of the purified Erns protein was up to 0.886 mg/mL by BCA protein quantification kit. The results showed that the Erns protein could be detected with anti-His monoclonal antibodies and anti-BVDV sera. Serum antibodies could be detected by iELISA on the 7th day post-prime immunization, and the antibody level was maintained at a high titer until the 28th day post-immunization. The antibody titer was 1:128 000. Furthermore, the expression of the Erns protein in BVDV-infected MDBK cells could be detected with immunized rabbits sera by IFA. Moreover, antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies of 2.71 log10 was induced in rabbits. In this study, purified BVDV Erns protein was successfully produced using CHO suspension culture system, and the recombinant protein was proved to have a good immunogenicity, which may facilitate the development of BVD diagnosis method and novel subunit vaccine.
Subject(s)
Rabbits , Animals , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , CHO Cells , Antibodies, Viral , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics , Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics , Diarrhea , Viral Vaccines/geneticsABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine Scrophulariae Radix, which is also called Yuan Shen, black Shen, is the dried root of Scrophularia ningpoensis of the Scrophulariaceae family. Research has indicated that the chemical constituents of Scrophulariae Radix mainly include terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, volatile oils, steroids, sugars, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols, among which iridoids and phenylpropanoids were the main active constituents. It has been reported that extracts of Scrophulariae Radix or its active substances have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, uric acid-lowering, anti-depression, myocardial cell-protective and other pharmacological activities, and can regulate cardiovascular system, central nervous system and immune system. This paper reviewed the present research achievements of Scrophulariae Radix in chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, processing methods, toxicity and other aspects, and the clinical application of Scrophulariae Radix in ancient and modern times was illustrated. This paper aimed to provide reference for further research of Scrophulariae Radix and facilitated its clinical application.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Plant Roots/chemistry , Scrophularia/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the drug resistance and multilocus sequence typing of five types of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from diarrhea outpatients of diarrhea comprehensive monitoring designated hospital in Qingpu District, Shanghai City from 2015 to 2019. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, five types of DEC, isolated and identified from diarrhea outpatient cases' anal swabs of the Qingpu branch of Zhongshan Hospital were collected to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration by using the micro broth dilution susceptibility test. The strains, resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins or carbapenems, or producing ESBLs, were selected based on the results of sensitivity tests and determined by WGS. The MLST typing of DEC was analyzed based on the WGS technology and the minimum spanning tree was constructed by BioNumerics 7.6 software to analyze the local dominant flora. Results: A total of 513 strains of DEC were detected and isolated from 4 494 anal swabs, with a detection rate of 11.42%. About 500 strains were tested for drug sensitivity to nine antibiotics in four classes, including 330 strains of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), 72 strains of enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), 95 strains of enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), 1 strain of enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC), and 2 strains of enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC). From 2015 to 2019, the resistance rate of cefotaxime-clavulanic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). The resistance rate of virulence types of DEC to nalixic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). About 71 strains of DEC were determined by WGS, and 77 drug-resistant genes were detected. Strains were classified into 32 ST subtypes, with the dominant genotypes being ST-1491 (29.6%, 21/71) and ST-10 Complex (23.9%, 17/71). All ST-1491 produced ESBLs, which were blaCTX-M gene mutant strains. The dominant type of ST-10 complex was ST-218 (35.3%, 6/17). In addition, 8 strains of EAEC, 14 strains of EPEC and 49 strains of ETEC were classified into 7, 14 and 18 ST subtypes, respectively. Conclusion: The drug resistance of DEC strains from the diarrhea outpatient case of Qingpu District is serious. The ST types of EAEC and EPEC are highly polymorphic. The dominant ST types of DEC are basically consistent with the common genotypes in southeast China.
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Objective: To analyze the drug resistance and multilocus sequence typing of five types of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from diarrhea outpatients of diarrhea comprehensive monitoring designated hospital in Qingpu District, Shanghai City from 2015 to 2019. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, five types of DEC, isolated and identified from diarrhea outpatient cases' anal swabs of the Qingpu branch of Zhongshan Hospital were collected to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration by using the micro broth dilution susceptibility test. The strains, resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins or carbapenems, or producing ESBLs, were selected based on the results of sensitivity tests and determined by WGS. The MLST typing of DEC was analyzed based on the WGS technology and the minimum spanning tree was constructed by BioNumerics 7.6 software to analyze the local dominant flora. Results: A total of 513 strains of DEC were detected and isolated from 4 494 anal swabs, with a detection rate of 11.42%. About 500 strains were tested for drug sensitivity to nine antibiotics in four classes, including 330 strains of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), 72 strains of enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), 95 strains of enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), 1 strain of enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC), and 2 strains of enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC). From 2015 to 2019, the resistance rate of cefotaxime-clavulanic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). The resistance rate of virulence types of DEC to nalixic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). About 71 strains of DEC were determined by WGS, and 77 drug-resistant genes were detected. Strains were classified into 32 ST subtypes, with the dominant genotypes being ST-1491 (29.6%, 21/71) and ST-10 Complex (23.9%, 17/71). All ST-1491 produced ESBLs, which were blaCTX-M gene mutant strains. The dominant type of ST-10 complex was ST-218 (35.3%, 6/17). In addition, 8 strains of EAEC, 14 strains of EPEC and 49 strains of ETEC were classified into 7, 14 and 18 ST subtypes, respectively. Conclusion: The drug resistance of DEC strains from the diarrhea outpatient case of Qingpu District is serious. The ST types of EAEC and EPEC are highly polymorphic. The dominant ST types of DEC are basically consistent with the common genotypes in southeast China.
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Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical features, laboratory tests, neuroelectrophysiological examination, imaging, treatment and outcomes of 13 patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Neurology of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2016 to May 2021. Results: Among the 13 cases, 6 were males and 7 were females. The onset age was 2.6 (2.0,3.3) years, 9 children had precursor infection or vaccination before the first course of disease. All the 13 children had gait abnormalities or unsteady sitting, 10 had intentional tremor, 6 had dysarthria, 3 had body tremor, 2 had nystagmus, 3 had fatigue, 3 had hypotonia, 2 had vomiting and 1 had irritability. Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) was 500.0 (298.9,587.2) kU/L and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was 621.9 (449.6,869.4) kU/L in 13 cases. Autoantibodies were positive in 9 cases, and cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis was seen in 4 cases. Regarding electroencephalography result, 4 cases had background slowing and 1 case had occasional sharp waves. Among the 3 patients who had relapses, 1 had cerebellar atrophy shown on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the recurrence. All the patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and intensive methylprednisolone therapy during the first onset, followed by the disappearance of the symptoms, 1 patient had repeated episodes which was decreased after immunosuppressive treatment with Rituximab.Followed up for 25.0 (22.5,33.3) months after the last episode, 12 achieved complete remission and 1 had a wide base gait. Conclusions: Trunk ataxia is the common symptom of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia in children.Children with cerebellar ataxia should be tested for TgAb and TPOAb to detect Hashimoto's encephalopathy, avoiding missed diagnosis and treatment delays; IVIG and intensive steroid therapy is effective, and immunosuppressive therapy for patients with multiple relapses could reduce the recurrence.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Autoantibodies , Cerebellar Ataxia , Encephalitis , Hashimoto Disease , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: To establish an improved method of separating microglia from aged rats and to observe the biological characteristics of spinal microglia of aged rats. Methods: Young SD rats (2 months) were used as control group. Single cell suspension of rat microglia were prepared by trypsin, trypsin substitutes or mechanical net rubbing method. Then, by assessing the purity and survival rate of cells, and observing the morphological characteristics and analyzing the inflammatory functional characteristics, we optimized the isolation and purification method of microglia from aged rats (20 months old) , and observed the functional characteristics of spinal microglia in aged rats. Results: The survival rate of cells digested by pancreatic enzyme was low(young rats 83%, aged rats 60%). Although the survival rate of mechanical net rubbing method was higher than that of pancreatic enzyme digest methods (95%), the cell acquisition rate was lower(young rats(0.207±0.020)×106, aged rats(0.243±0.023)×106). Trypsin substitute dissociation combining density gradient centrifugation method was the best way to get abundant, active and higher survival microglia, and the purity reached more than 85%. We used this method to separate microglia from spinal cord of rats. Compared with the young rats, the spinal cord tissue of old rats was larger, the digestive fluid volume was higher, but the digestion time was shorter. Compared with the young rats, the aged rat spinal microglia had larger and rounder cell body, fewer and shorter protrusions, it tended to be activated morphologically, the level of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β of microglia in aged rats was lower, and the level of antiinflammatory factor IL-10 was higher. Conclusion: The method of trypsin substitute dissociation combined with density gradient centrifugation was successfully established to isolate and purify microglia from spinal cord of rats, the spinal microglia of old rats showed anti-inflammatory phenotype.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cytokines , Microglia , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord , TrypsinABSTRACT
AIM: To compare the analysis of conjunctival autograft(CAG)or limbal conjunctival autograft(LCAG)for treating pterygium.METHODS: Systematic search of the National Library of America Medical Literature Search System(PubMed), the Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE), the Cochrane Library and the US Clinical Trial Registry which all literatures established of the database from September 2021. The rate of recurrence, corneal epithelial healing time, the change in Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)and the change in tear break-up time(BUT)were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3, count data were expressed as relative ratio(RR),measurement data were expressed as standardized mean difference(SMD)with 95%CI.RESULTS: There were 15 studies included with a total number of 1 883 surgical eyes,among them, there were 897 eyes experienced LCAG while 986 eyes underwent CAG. For the rate of recurrence, LCAG group was lower than CAG group(RR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.15-0.71, P=0.004). For corneal epithelial healing time, LCAG group seemed to behave better than CAG group(SMD=-0.87, 95%CI: -1.64 to -0.11, P = 0.02). No statistical significance was found for SⅠt(SMD = 0.03, 95% CI, -0.33-0.40, P=0.86)and as for BUT, LACG group showed longer times against CAG group(SMD=0.40, 95%CI: 0.09-0.70, P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Pterygium resection combined with LCAG was with lower recurrence rate, faster corneal epithelial healing and more stable tear film rather than CAG.
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To develop Senecavirus A (SVA) virus-like particles (VLPs), a recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a-SVA-VP031 was constructed to co-express SVA structural proteins VP0, VP3 and VP1, according to the genomic sequence of the field isolate CH-FJ-2017 after the recombinant proteins were expressed in E .coli system, and purified by Ni+ ion chromatographic method. The SVA VLPs self-assemble with a high yield in vitro buffer. A typical VLPs with an average diameter of 25-30 nm which is similar to native virions by using TEM detection. Animals immunized by SVA VLPs shown that the VLPs induced high titers neutralizing antibodies in Guinea pigs. This study indicated that the VLPs produced with co-expressing SVA structural proteins VP0, VP3 and VP1 in prokaryotic system is a promising candidate and laid an important foundation for the development of a novel SVA VLPs vaccine.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Escherichia coli/genetics , Genomics , Guinea Pigs , Picornaviridae/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of Qixian Tongluo prescription on neural function recovery in patients with cerebral infarction and its mechanism. Method:A total of 100 inpatients (January to June,2020)with cerebral infarction in the Neurology Department of Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were assigned to an experimental group (<italic>n</italic>=50) and a control group (<italic>n</italic>=50) according to the random number table. Both groups received conventional treatment of western medicine,while the experimental group took additional Qixian Tongluo prescription. Treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The clinical efficacy,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, the modified Barthel index (MBI),Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) in peripheral blood of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Result:The total response rate in the experimental group was 84.00%(42/50),higher than 66.00%(33/50) in the control group (<italic>Z</italic>=-7.365,<italic>P</italic><0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of MBI,FMA, and NIHSS before treatment between the two groups. The MBI and FMA scores of the two groups increased (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and the NIHSS scores decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01). Compared with the control group after treatment, the experimental group showed increased MBI and FMA scores and decreased NIHSS score (<italic>P</italic><0.05). There was no significant difference in BDNF level between the two groups before and after treatment. The VEGF and SDF-1 levels in the peripheral blood of the two groups were higher than those before treatment (<italic>P</italic><0.05), and the experimental group was higher than the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.05). Conclusion:Qixian Tongluo prescription can effectively improve the clinical efficacy,the quality of life, and the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction during convalescence. The underlying mechanism is associated with the promotion of the expression of endogenous VEGF and SDF-1 in the peripheral blood to activate the SDF-1/chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) signaling pathway, induce the recruitment and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells, and facilitate the angiogenesis and repair of ischemic brain tissues.
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Objective To discuss the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)parameters in evaluating the formation of Kimmelstiel-Wilson(K-W)nodules in diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Sixty-two patients pathologically diagnosed with DN and undergoing CEUS in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from March 2017 to January 2020 were assigned into two groups according to whether K-W nodules were formed.The cortical CEUS parameters and the ratios of cortical to medullary CEUS parameters were compared between the two groups.Results The 62 patients included 19 patients without K-W nodules(group A)and 43 patients with K-W nodules(group B).The median rise time(
Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnostic imaging , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
To explore the value of trans-rectal shear wave elastic mode combined with elastic modulus in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and establish a new method for the evaluation of prostate with trans-rectal shear wave elastography(SWE). The typical findings of trans-rectal ultrasound(US)and SWE in 79 patients with prostate cancer(=41)and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)(=38)confirmed by surgery or US-guided biopsy were analyzed retrospectively.Their diagnostic value were evaluated with the pathological results as the golden standards. Three or more malignant features detected by conventional trans-rectal US(=42.5,<0.001)and asymmetrical SWE mode(=54.2,<0.001)showed statistically significant difference in prostate cancer and BPH groups.The elastic modulus of Emean and Emax in the prostate cancer group were(92.8±21.5)and(114.2±29.8)kPa,which were significantly higher than those in the BPH group [(56.7±14.0)(=-8.8,<0.001)and(68.4±17.2)kPa(=-8.3,<0.001)].The receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curve with Logistic regression showed that the elastic model combined elastic modulus had the largest area under ROC curve and the highest diagnosis efficiency of prostate cancer,with the cutoff value of 0.45.The diagnosis sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy of the combination were 95.1%,89.5%,90.7%,94.4%,and 92.4%,respectively. Combination of SWE mode and elastic modulus is more valuable than elastic modulus alone in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
ABSTRACT
Major depression disorder (MDD) is a common but serious affective disorder in modern society. Suicide idea and suicide behaviour induced by MDD during its later stage put a heavy burden on society and family. Anti-depression drugs lack efficiency in treating a portion of MDD patients. This is referred to as treatment resistant depression (TRD). A study reported the rapid onset and long lasting anti-depression effect of ketamine, which also come into effect in TRD patients. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol is the active substance of marijuana, which also exerts rapid anti-depression effect via targeting at brain cannabinoid receptors. The two central nerve system stimulants belonging to the tightly controlled psychoactive substances have obvious adverse effects. This article summarizes the action of ketamine and endocannabinoid system in rapid anti-depression therapy in recent researches.