Primary hyperparathyroidism with negative 99mTc-MIBI imaging:one case report / 复旦学报（医学版）

This article reports the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT)and vitamin D deficiency.The patient was a young male with a insidious onset.Multiple tests have shown hypercalcemia,hypophosphatemia,hypercalciuria,and hyperparathyroidism.There was no renal dysfunction,and the diagnosis of PHPT was clear.There were kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency at the same time.The patient met the surgical indications,but the difficulty in preoperative localization was that ultrasound examination showed suspicious masses in both parathyroid regions,and the 99mTc-MIBI imaging result was negative.Finally,accurate preoperative localization was achieved through 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT,and the patient was cured after surgery.

Sepsis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-similarities and differences / 中国小儿急救医学

Sepsis is dysregulated host response caused by infection leading to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction.Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis（HLH）could be caused by multiple factors，leading to abnormal immune regulation and resulting in inflammatory storm and organ dysfunction.Their pathogenesis is similar that dysregulated strong inflammatory response developing in the body，but different in activation profiles of immunologic cells and cytokines.Sepsis is caused by infection，while the etiology of HLH includes various conditions such as genetic defects，infection，rheumatic disease，malignancies，etc.There are differences in the degree of inflammation between the two diseases，with sepsis being systemic inflammation and HLH being extremely strong hyperinflammation.Anti-infection is the key to the treatment of sepsis，while immunosupressive measures are essential for HLH except for etiological treatment.Besides shock，central nervous system involvement is significant cause of death，and neuromonitoring should be applied aggressively.

Design of intelligent surgery management system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design an intelligent surgery management system for closed-loop management of the entire surgical process.Methods An intelligent surgery management system was developed with digital twin technology,Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0 development toolset and C# language,which realized multi-modal data acquisition with IoT devices such as radio frequency identification(RFID)bracelets,mobile terminals and positioning base stations and real-time data mirroring and gathering by change data capture(CDC)technology.There were four functional modules included in the system developed,including the modules for IoT device management,transfer process recording,intelligent management command chamber and surgical progress reminder.Results The system developed could provide real-time feedback on the operation status of all aspects of surgery,shorten the lengths of preoperative positioning and surgical reception and improve the satisfaction of both doctors and patients.Conclusion The system developed achieves closed-loop management and complete data traceability of the entire surgical process,helping to form an efficient and safe surgical operation management system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):42-46]

Inhibitory effect of lead on GABA A receptor-mediated currents and GABAergic synaptic transmission in rat cortical neurons / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of lead(Pb2+)on γ-amino-butyric acid(GABA)A receptor-mediated currents(IGABA)and GABAergic synaptic transmission in rat cortical neurons.METHODS ①The cortical neurons from 0 d Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were cultured for experiments.The cultured cells(7-14 d)were recorded using the patch-clamp technique to analyze the effects of Pb2+ at different concentrations(1,5,10,50 and 100 μmol·L-1)on IGABA induced by GABA 100 μmol·L-1.② The effects of Pb2+ 50 μmol·L-1 on IGABA induced by GABA at different concentrations(1,10,50,100,500 and 100 μmol·L-1)were detected.③Brain slices(350 μm)were prepared from SD rats(15-19 d).The spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents(sIPSCs),miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents(mIPSCs)and current injection-induced action potential(AP)were recorded to detect the effects of Pb2+ 10 μmol·L-1 on the amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs and mIPSCs,and the frequency of AP.RESULTS ①Pb2+ inhibited IGABA in a concentration-dependent manner,and IC50 was(68±20)μmol·L-1.②Pb2+ also suppressed the maximum current induced by GABA(P<0.01),with a significant increase of the GABA′s EC50 from(20±6)μmol·L-1 to(87±39)μmol·L-1,indicating that Pb2+ might inhibit IGABA in a non-competitive mechanism.③Pb2+ 10 μmol·L-1 inhibited the frequency(P<0.01)rather than the ampli-tude of sIPSCs reversibly,but had no effect on eigher the frequency or amplitude of mIPSCs.In addi-tion,Pb2+ decreased the frequency of evoked AP by current injection(P<0.01)and reduced the overall excitability of rat cortical neurons.CONCLUSION Pb2+ can significantly inhibit IGABA in primary cultured neurons.In the brain slice experiment,Pb2+ may affect sIPSCs frequency by inhibiting the AP of cortical neurons,suggesting that there are different intrinsic mechanisms through which Pb2+ inhibits both IGABA in primary cultured neurons and the frequency of sIPSCs in brain slice neurons,which points to the complexity of the mechanism of Pb2+ poisoning.

The value of serum LBP and CXCL-10 in the differential diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract bacterial infection in children and its influencing factors / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic value of serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP)and serum CXC chemokine ligand-10(CXCL-10)in children with acute upper respiratory tract bacterial infection and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 90 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection admitted to the hospital from July 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled in the study as the study group,and 40 healthy children who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were enrolled as the healthy group.According to the results of sputum bacterial culture,the study group was divided into bacterial infection group(51 cases)and non-bacterial infection group(39 cases).The serum levels of LBP and CXCL-10 were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the value of serum LBP and CXCL-10 in the differential diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract bacterial infection in children.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to ana-lyze the influencing factors of acute upper respiratory tract bacterial infection in children.Results The serum levels of LBP and CXCL-10 in the study group were higher than those in the healthy group(P＜0.05).The se-rum levels of LBP and CXCL-10 in the bacterial infection group were higher than those in the non-bacterial in-fection group(P＜0.05).The area under curves(AUCs)of serum LBP and CXCL-10 alone and in combina-tion for the diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract bacterial infection in children were 0.779(95％CI:0.724-0.822),0.843(95％CI:0.796-0.898),0.906(95％CI:0.852-0.959),respectively.Compared with the non-bacterial infection group,the bacterial infection group had significantly higher proportions of family members with smoking,iron deficiency,and calcium deficiency,annual average times of antibacterial drug use,and serum LBP and CXCL-10 levels(P＜0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the av-erage annual use of antibiotics ≥2 times(OR=2.305,95％CI:1.483-3.582),LBP≥104.26 ng/mL(OR=2.573,95％CI:1.446-4.578)and CXCL-10≥112.98 pg/mL(OR=1.208,95％CI:0.110-1.314)were the influencing factors of acute upper respiratory tract bacterial infection in children(P＜0.05).Conclusion The elevated serum LBP and CXCL-10 levels are closely related to acute upper respiratory tract bacterial infection in children,which can be used as indicators for the differential diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract bacte-rial infection,and the combination of the two has higher diagnostic efficiency.

Perspective of Calcium Imaging Technology Applied to Acupuncture Research / 中国结合医学杂志

Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points (ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.

Role of sex hormones in keratoconus and potential therapeutic targets / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Keratoconus is a blinding corneal disease characterized by central or paracentral corneal thinning and conical ectasia, and usually happens in adolescence. Currently, the etiology of keratoconus is unclear. Multiple studies have identified an association between genetics, eye rubbing, allergic diseases, ultraviolet exposure and keratoconus. Recently, several studies identified that sex hormones also played important roles in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. The disturbance of sex hormones may increase the risk of occurrence and progress of keratoconus. This review aims to summarize the pathophysiological effects of sex hormones on the cornea, clarify the effects of sex hormones on keratoconus and its related inflammatory or immune mechanisms, and explore the role of sex hormones in the early diagnosis and treatment of keratoconus, providing reference and help for clinical work.

Study on static parameters of internal nasal valve in 3-dimensional model of nasal cavity space / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To identify the internal nasal valve (INV) and to evaluate its key parameters in the established 3D models of nasal cavity space via Mimics from CT images, in order to provide evidence for quantitative diagnosis of nasal valve compromise. Methods: A total of 32 Han adults without nasal diseases who underwent maxillofacial CT test in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively recruited, including 16 males and 16 females, with the age ranged from 20 to 80 years (50% age<50 years old). Maxillofacial CT images were used to create 3D model of nasal cavity space. The INV was identified and the following parameters were measured: the angle between the INV and the nasal bone (θINV-B), unilateral cross-sectional area of the INV (AINV-R, AINV-L), total cross-sectional area of the INV (AINV), unilateral height of the INV (HINV-R, HINV-L), unilateral nasal valve angle (αINV-R, αINV-L), and the sum of nasal valve angle (αINV). The AINV in our study was compared with the results of the previously adopted planes (PlaneC, perpendicular to the hard palate and PlaneB, plane perpendicular to the nasal bone). The parameters above were compared among genders, age and race groups. SPSS 26 and GraphPad Prism 9 software were used for statistical analysis and mapping of data. Results: The AINV in our study was (214.87±52.94) mm², which was significantly less than that of PlaneC (254.97±47.80) mm² and PlaneB (226.07±57.36) mm². The measured parameters were as follows: θINV-B was (82.07±7.06)°; AINV-R was (112.66±31.39) mm²; AINV-L was (102.21±27.14) mm²; AINV was (214.87±52.94) mm²; HINV-R was (24.87±4.62) mm; HINV-L was (24.35±4.86) mm; αINV-R was (20.48±2.99)°; αINV-L was (19.65±3.82)°; αINV was (40.13±6.24)°. The AINV-R was larger than AINV-L (t=2.33, P<0.05); The HINV, AINV-R, AINV-L and AINV of males were more than those of females (t value was 5.77, 3.21, 2.91 and 3.52, respectively, all P<0.01). The AINV of the young group (<50 years) was larger than that of the old group (t=2.83, P<0.01); The θINV-B was different between the Han people and the Caucasian (t=2.92,P<0.01). The αINV of the Han people was larger than that of Caucasians (Z=-6.92, P<0.01), but the HINV was smaller (Z=-3.89, P<0.01). Conclusion: The AINV carried out in 3D models of nasal cavity space is significantly smaller than that obtained by the previous methods of CT evaluation. INV static parameters differ among genders, age and race groups.

Modulation of motor responses and neural activities with transcranial ultrasound stimulation based on closed-loop control / 生物医学工程学杂志

Closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation technology is based on real-time feedback signals, and has the potential for precise regulation of neural activity. In this paper, firstly the local field potential (LFP) and electromyogram (EMG) signals of mice under different intensities of ultrasound stimulation were recorded, then the mathematical model of ultrasound intensity and mouse LFP peak/EMG mean was established offline based on the data, and the closed-loop control system of LFP peak and EMG mean based on PID neural network control algorithm was simulated and built to realize closed-loop control of LFP peak and EMG mean of mice. In addition, using the generalized minimum variance control algorithm, the closed-loop control of theta oscillation power was realized. There was no significant difference between the LFP peak, EMG mean and theta power under closed-loop ultrasound control and the given value, indicating a significant control effect on the LFP peak, EMG mean and theta power of mice. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation based on closed-loop control algorithms provides a direct tool for precise modulation of electrophysiological signals in mice.

Association between cardiometabolic diseases and quality of life and the mediation effect of perceived stress / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the association between cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and quality of life, the association between CMD and perceived stress, and the mediation effect of perceived stress on the association between CMD and quality of life, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of CMD and the improvement of quality of life in these patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by the employees' physical examination of a company in Xi'an in 2021. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association between the status of CMD (divided into three categories: no CMD, presence of one kind of CMD, and with≥2 kinds of CMD (≥2 kinds of CMD were defined as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM)), quality of life, and perceived stress. Mediation analysis with a multi-categorical independent variable was conducted to determine the mediation effect of perceived stress on the association between CMD and quality of life. Results: Among all 4 272 participants, 1 457 (34.1%) participants had one kind of CMD and 677 (15.8%) participants had CMM. The average scores for quality of life and perceived stress were (57.5±15.7) and (16.9±7.9), respectively. Compared with participants without CMD, after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, no statistically significant associations were observed between one kind of CMD and perceived stress or quality of life (both P>0.05). Perceived stress did not mediate the association between one kind of CMD and quality of life. However, participants with CMM had lower quality of life and higher perceived stress than participants without CMD. The relative total effect coefficient c (95%CI) and the relative direct effect coefficient c' (95%CI) between CMM and quality of life were -3.71 (-5.04--2.37) and -2.52 (-3.81--1.24) (both P<0.05), respectively. The relative indirect effect coefficient a2b (95%CI) of perceived stress on the association between CMM and quality of life was -1.18 (-1.62--0.77) (P<0.05). The mediation effect size was 31.8%. Conclusions: CMM is negatively associated with quality of life and positively associated with perceived stress. Perceived stress partially mediates the association between CMM and quality of life. Our results suggest that, in addition to preventing and treating CMM actively, efforts should be taken to relieve the perceived stress of people with CMM to improve their quality of life.

Similarities and differences of myocardial metabolic characteristics between HFpEF and HFrEF mice based on LC-MS/MS metabolomics / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To reveal the similarities and differences in myocardial metabolic characteristics between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) mice using metabolomics. Methods: The experimental mice were divided into 4 groups, including control, HFpEF, sham and HFrEF groups (10 mice in each group). High fat diet and Nω-nitroarginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) were applied to construct a"two-hit"HFpEF mouse model. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was used to construct the HFrEF mouse model. The differential expression of metabolites in the myocardium of HFpEF and HFrEF mice was detected by untargeted metabolomics (UHPLC-QE-MS). Variable importance in projection>1 and P<0.05 were used as criteria to screen and classify the differentially expressed metabolites between the mice models. KEGG functional enrichment and pathway impact analysis demonstrated significantly altered metabolic pathways in both HFpEF and HFrEF mice. Results: One hundred and nine differentially expressed metabolites were detected in HFpEF mice, and 270 differentially expressed metabolites were detected in HFrEF mice. Compared with the control group, the most significantly changed metabolite in HFpEF mice was glycerophospholipids, while HFrEF mice presented with the largest proportion of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. KEGG enrichment and pathway impact analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites in HFpEF mice were mainly enriched in pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, ether lipid metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. The differentially expressed metabolites in HFrEF mice were mainly enriched in arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, etc. Conclusions: HFpEF mice have a significantly different myocardial metabolite expression profile compared with HFrEF mice. In addition, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism are significantly altered in both HFpEF and HFrEF mice, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play an important role in disease progression in both types of heart failure.

Efficacy and safety of various doses of hybutimibe monotherapy or in combination with atorvastatin for primary hypercholesterolemia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-controlled phase Ⅲ clinical trial / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hybutimibe monotherapy or in combination with atorvastatin in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-controlled phase Ⅲ clinical trial of patients with untreated primary hypercholesterolemia from 41 centers in China between August 2015 and April 2019. Patients were randomly assigned, at a ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1∶1∶1, to the atorvastatin 10 mg group (group A), hybutimibe 20 mg group (group B), hybutimibe 20 mg plus atorvastatin 10 mg group (group C), hybutimibe 10 mg group (group D), hybutimibe 10 mg plus atorvastatin 10 mg group (group E), and placebo group (group F). After a dietary run-in period for at least 4 weeks, all patients were administered orally once a day according to their groups. The treatment period was 12 weeks after the first dose of the study drug, and efficacy and safety were evaluated at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. After the treatment period, patients voluntarily entered the long-term safety evaluation period and continued the assigned treatment (those in group F were randomly assigned to group B or D), with 40 weeks' observation. The primary endpoint was the percent change in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline at week 12. Secondary endpoints included the percent changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) at week 12 and changes of the four above-mentioned lipid indicators at weeks 18, 24, 38, and 52. Safety was evaluated during the whole treatment period. Results: Totally, 727 patients were included in the treatment period with a mean age of (55.0±9.3) years old, including 253 males. No statistical differences were observed among the groups in demographics, comorbidities, and baseline blood lipid levels. At week 12, the percent changes in LDL-C were significantly different among groups A to F (all P<0.01). Compared to atorvastatin alone, hybutimibe combined with atorvastatin could further improve LDL-C, TG, and Apo B (all P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in percent changes in LDL-C at week 12 between group C and group E (P=0.991 7). During the long-term evaluation period, there were intergroup statistical differences in changes of LDL-C, TG and Apo B at 18, 24, 38, and 52 weeks from baseline among the statins group (group A), hybutimibe group (groups B, D, and F), and combination group (groups C and E) (all P<0.01), with the best effect observed in the combination group. The incidence of adverse events was 64.2% in the statins group, 61.7% in the hybutimibe group, and 71.0% in the combination group during the long-term evaluation period. No treatment-related serious adverse events or adverse events leading to death occurred during the 52-week study period. Conclusions: Hybutimibe combined with atorvastatin showed confirmatory efficacy in patients with untreated primary hypercholesterolemia, which could further enhance the efficacy on the basis of atorvastatin monotherapy, with a good overall safety profile.

Mechanism of cucurbitacin B suppresses proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells via inducing ferroptosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of cucurbitacin B (Cu B) on proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells and its mechanism. Methods CCK-8 was used to detect the survival rate of Huh-7 cells with different concentrations of Cu B. Huh-7 cells were treated with Cu B (0. 5, 1, 2 njnol; L

Phenotype-genotype analysis of the autosomal recessive hereditary hearing loss caused by OTOA variations / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the phenotypic-genotypic characteristics of hereditary deafness caused by OTOA gene variations. Methods: Family histories, clinical phenotypes and gene variations of six pedigrees were analyzed, which were diagnosed with hearing loss caused by OTOA gene variations at the PLA General Hospital from September 2015 to January 2022. The sequence variations were verified by Sanger sequencing and the copy number variations were validated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in the family members. Results: The hearing loss phenotype caused by OTOA variations ranged from mild to moderate in the low frequencies, and from moderate to severe in the high frequencies in the probands, which came from six sporadic pedigrees, among which a proband was diagnosed as congenital deafness and five were diagnosed as postlingual deafness. One proband carried homozygous variations and five probands carried compound heterozygous variations in OTOA gene. Nine pathogenic variations (six copy number variations, two deletion variations and one missense variation) and two variations with uncertain significance in OTOA were identified in total, including six copy number variations and five single nucleotide variants, and three of the five single nucleotide variants were firstly reported [c.1265G>T(p.Gly422Val),c.1534delG(p.Ala513Leufs*11) and c.3292C>T(p.Gln1098fs*)]. Conclusions: OTOA gene variations can lead to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. In this study, the hearing loss caused by OTOA defects mostly presents as bilateral, symmetrical, and postlingual, and that of a few presents as congenital. The pathogenic variations of OTOA gene are mainly copy number variations followed by deletion variations and missense variations.

Research on genetic model of keratoconus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the effect of genetic factors on the pathogenesis of keratoconus and its genetic model.METHODS: Genetic epidemiological methods were used to investigate the prevalence of keratoconus in 280 first-degree relatives of 100 patients with keratoconus who attended Henan Eye Hospital between July 2020 and April 2023. The heritability was estimated by Falconer regression method. The general genetic model was calculated using Penrose method, and the genetic model was confirmed by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory.RESULTS: The results showed that there were 16(5.714%)first-degree relatives of keratoconus probands suffering from keratoconus, and the heritability of keratoconus was(86.100±7.400)%. The S/q score calculated by the Penrose method was 35.348, which was near to 1/(q)1/2, suggesting that the genetic model of keratoconus might be polygenic inheritance. The expected prevalence in first-degree relatives of keratoconus patients by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory were 5.900%, 7.714% and 5.700%, respectively, which showed no significant differences from the actual prevalence(5.714%), suggesting that keratoconus was a polygenetic disease.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, and keratoconus is a polygenetic disease.

The preventive effect and mechanism of Dayuanyin in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through NF-κB signaling pathway / 药学学报

Dayuanyin (DYY) has been shown to reduce lung inflammation in both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lung injury. This experiment was designed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of DYY against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and to evaluate the effect of DYY on the protection of lung function. Animal welfare and experimental procedures are approved and in accordance with the provision of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science. Male C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, DYY group (800 mg·kg-1), and positive control sildenafil group (100 mg·kg-1). The animals were given control solvents or drugs by gavage three days in advance. On day 4, the animals in the model group, DYY group and sildenafil group were kept in a hypoxic chamber containing 10% ± 0.5% oxygen, and the animals in the control group were kept in a normal environment, and the control solvent or drugs continued to be given continuously for 14 days. The right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index, organ indices and other metrics were measured in the experimental endpoints. Meantime, the expression levels of the inflammatory factors in mice lung tissues were measured. The potential therapeutic targets of DYY on pulmonary hypertension were predicted using network pharmacology, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related proteins were measured by Western blot assay. It was found that DYY significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure, attenuated lung injury and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in mice. It can also inhibit hypoxia-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. DYY has a protective effect on lung function, as demonstrated by DYY has good efficacy in HPH, and preventive administration can slow down the disease progression, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit the activation of NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by DYY.

Changes in the disease burden of liver cancer caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in China 1990-2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To describe and analyze the disease burden and its changing trend of liver cancer caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide reference for reducing the morbidity and mortality of liver cancer in China. Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD2019) study, different gender and age groups were selected. The morbidity, mortality, and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rate were used to analyze the disease burden of liver cancer caused by NASH in China from 1990 to 2019. The time trend was analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model, and the annual percent of change (APC) and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of morbidity, mortality and DALY rate were calculated. Results Compared with 1990, the incidence rate, mortality rate and DALY rate of liver cancer caused by NASH in 2019 decreased by 4.05%, 12% and 25.79%, respectively. Age-standardized morbidity, standardized mortality and standardized DALY rates decreased by 49.50%, 54.72% and 58.45%, respectively. In 2019, the incidence rate, mortality data and DALY rate of liver cancer caused by NASH increased with age, and the highest mortality rate was among people over 85 years old. The average annual change percentage (AAPC) of age-standardized incidence rate, standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate of liver cancer caused by NASH from 1990 to 2019 were -2.65% ［95% CI（-3.09%，-2.21 %），P<0.001］, -2.86%［95% CI（-3.34%，-2.38 %），P<0.001］, and -2.91%［95% CI（-3.23%，-2.58%），P<0.001］，respectively. The AAPC of all indexes in males was higher than that in females. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of liver cancer caused by NASH in China showed an overall downward trend. The AAPC of all indexes in males is higher than that in females, and the elderly population is a high-risk group.

New progress of airway management in children with cystic fibrosis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease mainly caused by pathogenic mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduction regulator gene.In recent years, with the deepened understanding of the disease and the popularization of gene detection technology, an increasing number of children are diagnosed with CF in China.Lung involvement is reported to affect the prognosis of the disease.Lung involvement is closely related to the airway, and good airway management can prolong the life of children.In this paper, the selection of airway clearance techniques and inhaled drugs were expounded, so as to improve the long-term airway management of children with CF in China.

Study on the relationship between habitat factors and the distribution / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the relationship between the distribution characteristics and the habitat factors of the invasive B. straminea in South China. Methods From October 2016 to August 2017, the breeding condition and habitat factors of B. straminea were investigated in the rivers of Shenzhen and its adjacent areas in the dry season, normal season and wet reason. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to study the main habitat factors affecting the distribution density of B. straminea. Results The distribution characteristics of B. straminea showed obvious aggregation and unevenness in space. In terms of time, the density of snails was the highest in the dry season, followed by the normal water season and the least in the wet season. The GAM model analysis showed that the main habitat factors affecting the distribution density of B. straminea were water depth, water temperature, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphorus. When the flow velocity and water temperature were 0.25 m / s and 26 °C, respectively, the largest distribution density of snails might appear. The distribution density of B. straminea was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus. Conclusion B. straminea is suitable to live in the water environment with poor water quality. In the future, the monitoring should be strengthened to provide reference for the prevention and control of the spread of the snails.

Puerarin reduces oxidative damage to vascular endothelial cells by improving mitochondrial respiratory function / 药学学报

This study investigated the effect of puerarin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) injured with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). HUVEC were divided into three groups: a control group, a model group (H2O2 400 μmol·L-1) and a puerarin-treated group (3, 10, 30 and 100 μmol·L-1). HUVEC were cultured with varied concentration of puerarin for 2 h and treated with H2O2 for another 24 h. Cell proliferation was detected by a CCK-8 assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by a JC-1 fluorescent probe. A transwell chamber assay was adopted to observe cell migration ability. Mitochondrial respiratory function was measured in a two-chamber titration injection respirometer (Oxygraph-2k). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of pyroptosis-mediated proteins, including cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), N-gasdermin D (N-GSDMD), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) was detected by Western blot. The results show that 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment for 24 h causes obvious damage to HUVEC. Compared with the model group, puerarin protected against cellular injury in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest effect at a dose of 30 and 100 μmol·L-1. Puerarin significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and improved mitochondrial function. Puerarin inhibited cell migration induced by H2O2, suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, and down-regulated the pyroptosis-mediated protein. These changes are statistically significant (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that puerarin has a protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage of HUVEC by inhibiting the migration of HUVEC cells. The mechanism may be related to improved mitochondrial respiratory function and inhibition of pyroptosis.