Application progress of ROS-responsive liposomes in anti-tumor research / 药学实践杂志

Reactive oxygen species（ROS） responsive liposomes are prepared based on the high level of ROS expression in the tumor microenvironment, enabling precise drug delivery to the tumor site. With the addition of photosensitizer, the controllability of drugs in liposomes can be further enhanced.

Impacts of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular health in college students / Impactos do exercício aeróbico na saúde cardiovascular dos estudantes universitários / Impacto del ejercicio aeróbico en la salud cardiovascular de los estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major disease that seriously endangers human health. CVD in many adults begins in adolescence and even in childhood. The cardiovascular health of college students in China cannot be ignored. Objective Verify the impacts of aerobic exercise (APA) on the cardiovascular health of college students. Methods The paper uses the literature method to explore the health-promoting role of aerobic exercise in opposing and improving CVD. Also the APA exercise method of effectively improving cardiopulmonary fitness (CRF) to prevent and improve CVD. The results showed that APA can improve microcirculation by increasing microvascular reactivity. Results Coronary blood flow in healthy adults is only 8% to 9% of cardiac bleeding, while coronary blood flow increases by 40% and oxygen intake by 2-2.5 times. Aerobic exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of CVD. Some risk factors related to vascular endothelial dysfunction, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease, are often accompanied by the phenomenon of insulin resistance in the induction of CVD. At the same time, improving IR may play an effective role in preventing and treating CVD. Conclusion APA can reduce and suppress the occurrence and development of CVD risk factors such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and obesity, intestinal microecological disorder, and reduce free radical oxidative damage and apoptosis by improving insulin sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells, inhibiting inflammatory reaction, improving mitochondrial function of cardiomyocytes, reducing body mass index and obesity, and maintaining gut micro-ecological balance, and improving vascular endothelial function and reducing CVD such as myocardial infarction. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A doença cardiovascular (DCV) é uma das principais doenças que colocam seriamente em risco a saúde humana. A DCV em muitos adultos começa na adolescência e até mesmo na infância. A saúde cardiovascular dos estudantes universitários na China não pode ser ignorada. Objetivo Verificar os impactos do exercício aeróbico (APA) sobre a saúde cardiovascular dos estudantes universitários. Métodos O artigo usa o método bibliográfico para explorar o papel de promoção da saúde do exercício aeróbico em oposição e melhoria da DCV. Também o método de exercício APA de melhorar efetivamente a aptidão cardiopulmonar (CRF) para prevenir e melhorar a DCV. Os resultados mostraram que a APA pode melhorar a microcirculação ao aumentar a reatividade microvascular. Resultados O fluxo de sangue coronariano em adultos saudáveis é apenas 8% a 9% do sangramento cardíaco, enquanto o fluxo de sangue coronariano aumenta em 40% e a ingestão de oxigênio em 2-2,5 vezes. O exercício aeróbico pode melhorar a sensibilidade insulínica e reduzir o risco de DCV. Alguns fatores de risco relacionados à disfunção endotelial vascular, tais como hipertensão, aterosclerose e doença arterial coronária, são frequentemente acompanhados pelo fenômeno de resistência à insulina na indução da DCV, enquanto a melhora da IR pode desempenhar um papel eficaz na prevenção e tratamento da DCV. Conclusão A APA pode reduzir e suprimir a ocorrência e o desenvolvimento de fatores de risco de DCV, tais como aterosclerose, hipertensão, hiperlipidemia, hiperglicemia e obesidade, distúrbio microecológico intestinal, além de reduzir os danos oxidativos radicais livres e a apoptose, melhorando a sensibilidade insulínica das células endoteliais vasculares, inibindo a reação inflamatória, melhorando a função mitocondrial dos cardiomiócitos, reduzindo o índice de massa corporal e a obesidade e mantendo o equilíbrio microecológico intestinal e melhorando a função endotelial vascular e reduzindo a DCV, como o infarto do miocárdio. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son una de las principales enfermedades que ponen en grave peligro la salud humana. En muchos adultos, la ECV comienza en la adolescencia e incluso en la infancia. No se puede ignorar la salud cardiovascular de los estudiantes universitarios en China. Objetivo Verificar los impactos del ejercicio aeróbico (EAA) en la salud cardiovascular de los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos El artículo utiliza el método de la literatura para explorar el papel promotor de la salud del ejercicio aeróbico en la oposición y la mejora de la ECV. También el método de ejercicio APA para mejorar eficazmente la aptitud cardiopulmonar (CRF) para prevenir y mejorar la ECV. Los resultados mostraron que el APA puede mejorar la microcirculación al aumentar la reactividad microvascular. Resultados El flujo sanguíneo coronario en adultos sanos es sólo del 8% al 9% de la hemorragia cardiaca, mientras que el flujo sanguíneo coronario aumenta un 40% y el aporte de oxígeno entre 2 y 2,5 veces. El ejercicio aeróbico puede mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina y reducir el riesgo de ECV. Algunos factores de riesgo relacionados con la disfunción endotelial vascular, como la hipertensión, la aterosclerosis y la enfermedad coronaria, suelen ir acompañados del fenómeno de la resistencia a la insulina en la inducción de la ECV, mientras que la mejora de la RI puede desempeñar un papel eficaz en la prevención y el tratamiento de la ECV. Conclusión El APA puede reducir y suprimir la aparición y el desarrollo de factores de riesgo de ECV como la aterosclerosis, la hipertensión, la hiperlipidemia, la hiperglucemia y la obesidad, el trastorno microecológico intestinal, y reducir el daño oxidativo de los radicales libres y la apoptosis mejorando la sensibilidad a la insulina de las células endoteliales vasculares, inhibir la reacción inflamatoria, mejorar la función mitocondrial de los cardiomiocitos, reducir el índice de masa corporal y la obesidad y mantener el equilibrio microecológico intestinal, así como mejorar la función endotelial vascular y reducir las ECV, como el infarto de miocardio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Establishment of determination of tetrodotoxin sustained-release microspheres / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a detection method for the determination of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in sustained-release microspheres. Methods The HPLC separation of tetrodotoxin was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6mm×150mm,5 μm) with acetonitrile, 8mmol/L sodium heptane sulfonate containing 0.005% TFA (5:95) (pH 4.0) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The UV detection wavelength was 200 nm and the column temperature was 30 °C. Results The method had good specificity and linearity of TTX in the concentration range of 1−20 μg/ml. The intra-day precision, inter-day precision, stability and repeatability of the method were good, and the average recoveries were found between 98.0% and 102.0%. Conclusion This study established an HPLC method which was suitable for the determination of tetrodotoxin sustained-release microspheres. The method is accurate and reliable within the applicable range, with strong specificity, which could lead to quantitative detection.

Correlation between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and placental mitochondrial DNA copy number / 预防医学

Objective@#To examine the correlation between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) and placental mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) copy number among pregnant women, so as to provide the evidence for evaluation of potential effects of PAHs exposure during pregnancy on offspring health.@*Methods@#A total of 200 pregnant women delivered at a tertiary hospital in Urumqi City during the period from January to October 2019, and their newborns were recruited, and grouped according to the time of delivery, including the heating group [delivery during the heating period ( from January to April ) ] and the non-heating group [delivery during the non-heating period (from July to October) ]. Subjects'age, ethnicity, educational level and type of home heating were collected, and the total concentration of 16 PAHs was determined in the blood samples of pregnant women and their babies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Placental DNA was extracted, and placental mtDNA copy number was measured using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. In addition, the correlation between PAHs concentration and placental mtDNA copy number was examined using the Spearman rank correlation analysis.@*Results@#There were 100 subjects in the heating group, which had a median age of 29 ( interquartile range, 3 ) years and had a mean gestational age of ( 275.06±0.72 ) days, and there were 100 subjects in the non-heating group, which had a median age of 29 ( interquartile range, 4 ) years and had a mean gestational age of ( 276.82±0.66 ) days. The total concentration of PAHs in the blood of pregnant women [15.71 (4.30) vs. 12.98 (5.49) μg/L; P<0.05 ], the total concentration of PAHs in neonatal blood [ 14.29 (4.25) vs. 11.24 (5.09) μg/L; P<0.05 ] and the placental mtDNA copy number [4.67 (1.18) vs. 4.51 (0.62); P<0.05] were all higher in the heating group than in the non-heating group. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that the total concentration of PAHs in the blood of pregnant women and neonates was positively correlated with placental mtDNA copy number ( rs=0.240, P=0.001; rs=0.273, P<0.001 ), and the total concentration of PAHs in the blood of pregnant women was positively correlated with the placental mtDNA copy number in the heating group ( rs=0.245, P=0.014 ), while the PAHs concentration in the neonatal blood was positively correlated with the placental mtDNA copy number in the non-heating group ( rs=0.292, P=0.003 ).@*Conclusions@#Exposure to PAHs positively correlates with placental mtDNA copy number among pregnant women, and there is a correlation between maternal exposure to PAHs and neonatal oxidative stress.

Research progress on bolus materials used for radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

It is necessary to place bolus on skin to increase the surface dose when using high-energy rays to treat superficial lesions because of its build-up effect. It is well known that the set-up reproducibility of hand-made bolus is poor, and the main concern of commercialized bolus is the inadvertent air gap between the bolus and irregular skin. Owing to the advantage of making individualized and complex-shaped bolus, 3D-printing technology is playing an important role in making the bolus. The aim of this review is to summarize the current research status of hand-made, commercialized and 3D-printed bolus materials and future development trend of the bolus, providing reference for clinical application.

Effect of intradermal needling combined with oral motor therapy for salivation in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of combination of intradermal needling with oral motor therapy and simple oral motor therapy on salivation in children with cerebral palsy.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 children with salivation in cerebral palsy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with intradermal needling (kept for 24 hours each time at Jiache [ST 6], Dicang [ST 4], tongue three needles, etc. ) and oral motor therapy, while the control group was only given oral motor therapy. The intradermal needling was performed 3 times a week, and oral motor therapy was performed 5 times a week, 4 weeks as a course, totally 3 courses of treatment were required. The classification of teacher drooling scale (TDS), drooling severity and Kubota water swallow test, dysphagia disorders survey (DDS) score were compared before treatment and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment in both groups, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After 8 weeks of treatment in the observation group and after 12 weeks of treatment in the two groups, the classification of TDS and drooling severity were improved (P<0.05), and the observation group was better than the control group after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the DDS scores of oral period in the observation group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 83.3% (25/30), which was higher than 53.3% (16/30) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combination of intradermal needling with oral motor therapy can improve salivation symptoms and swallowing function in children with cerebral palsy, the effect is better than oral motor therapy alone, and the effect is earlier.

Application of narrative medicine courses in standardized residency training in municipal hospital / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of narrative medicine course on the empathy ability and comprehensive ability training of residents in the standardized residency training in municipal hospitals.Methods:A narrative medicine group was set up in a municipal hospital, and a anarrative medical course of 2 months of narrative theory teaching and 4 months of clinical practice education was carried out among 42 residents. The Chinese version of the Interpersonal Response Index Scale (IRI-C) was used to measure the empathy ability at 4 time points (before intervention, 2 months after theory education, 2 months after practice, and 4 months after practice). The effect of narrative medicine courses was evaluated through the satisfaction questionnaire survey, parallel medical record writing and the first-time pass rate of Medical Practitioner Qualification Examination. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the variance of one-way repeated measurement.Results:The empathy ability of 42 residents was significantly improved. The empathy score after 2 months after practice was higher than that before intervention and after the theoretical course ( P < 0.05), while the empathy score after 4 months of practice was higher than that before intervention and after the theoretical course ( P < 0.05). The most popular theoretical teaching forms among residents were interactive theoretical teaching (64.29%, 27/42), video viewing (59.52%, 25/42), and situational simulation (52.38%, 22/42). The comprehensive abilities of parallel medical record writing and podium performance among residents were improved. Passing the Medical Practitioner Qualification Examination is a necessary condition for passing the residency training program. The first-time pass rate of the Qualification Examination for the residents was 72.00% (18/25), which was higher than that of the residents who were not recruited during the same period (64.71%, 11/17). Conclusion:Carrying out narrative medicine education is helpful to improve the empathy ability and comprehensive ability of training residents in municipal hospitals.

Efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a meta-analysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in the comprehensive treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Literatures were screened from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, Wanfang Data, VIP and CNKI from the inception date to May 2021 to collect the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of TNT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCRT) followed by TME in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. The data of overall survival, disease-free survival, R0 radical resection rate, pathological complete response (pCR) rate, T downstaging rate, the incidence of adverse events ≥ grade III, including neutropenia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, radiation dermatitis and nervous system toxicity, and the morbidity of complications within postoperative 30 days of the two groups were extracted from the included literatures. Review Manager 5.3 software was utilized for statistical meta-analysis. Results: Nine RCTs were finally enrolled including 2430 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with nCRT group, patients in TNT group had longer overall survival (HR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.65-0.97, P=0.03) and higher pCR rate (RR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.44-2.08, P<0.01) with significant differences. Besides, there were no significant differences between two groups in disease-free survival (HR=0.86, 95%CI:0.71-1.05, P=0.14), R0 radical resection rate (RR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.99-1.06, P=0.17) and T downstaging rate (RR=1.04, 95%CI: 0.89-1.22, P=0.58) between two groups. In terms of treatment safety, the incidence of adverse events ≥ grade III (RR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.70-1.70, P=0.70) and morbidity of complications within postoperative 30 days (RR=1.07, 95%CI: 0.97-1.18, P=0.19) did not significantly differ between two groups. Conclusions: In the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, TNT may bring more survival benefits than nCRT and does not increase the incidence of adverse events and postoperative complications. Therefore, TNT could be used as a recommended treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Results of the nationwide assessment of radionuclide γ spectrum measurement in 2018—2020 / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To ensure the effectiveness and improve the capacity of laboratories in the measurement of γ spectra of radionuclides. <b>Methods</b> A statistical analysis was performed using relative deviation, accuracy, precision, and relative combined uncertainty for the nationwide assessment of radionuclide γ spectrum measurement. <b>Results</b> In the assessment from 2018 to 2020, our laboratory showed qualified or above results, and the performance in 2019 was excellent. The maximum relative deviation of 11 measurements from 2018 to 2020 was 18.01%. The assessment showed |Z_test|≤1 and U_test≤2.58 in 2018, |Z_test|≤1 and U_test≤1 in 2019, and U_test≤1 and U_rel≤20% in 2020. <b>Conclusion</b> Our laboratory employs the correct method for radionuclide γ spectrum measurement, and the analysis data are accurate and reliable.

Correlation between the distribution of peripheral blood monocyte subsets and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:This work aims to assess the distribution of peripheral blood monocyte subsets, the expression level of the functional markers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and analyze the correlation between the above indexes and the onset of RA.Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected and isolated from 62 RA patients, 52 healthy control (HC) and 12 disease control group′s patients via density centrifugation. The enrolled patients were attended or underwent physical examination in East Hospital, Tongji University from June 2020 to December 2021. Monocytes could be classified into classical (CM), intermediate (IM) and non-classical (NCM). Then, the flow cytometry was performed to examine the distribution of monocyte subsets and the measure the expression level of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), intracellular tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in peripheral blood monocytes. The statistical methods in this study mainly include: Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test, Spearman correlation coefficient test and Logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic value of IM proportion in RA was analyzed by ROC curve. Results:The monocytes number and monocytes proportion in white blood cells were much higher in RA [0.40 (0.40, 0.50), 7.60% (5.97%, 8.53%)] and disease control [0.40 (0.40, 0.68), 8.20% (5.85%, 10.28%)] compared with HC [0.30 (0.30, 0.40), 5.80% (5.03%, 6.38%)] ( H=24.733, P<0.001; H=27.469, P<0.001). A statistic-significant difference was detected among the proportion of CM[85.49%(76.91%,89.21%),88.94%(86.36%,91.72%),90.26%(80.25%, 92.56%)],IM[11.65%(8.47%,17.89%),7.89%(5.36%,10.75%), 5.56%(4.17%, 8.27%)], NCM[2.22%(1.39%, 3.74%), 2.49%(1.74%, 4.66%), 5.13%(3.39%, 9.85%)] in RA group, HC group and disease control group ( H=11.389, P=0.003; H=20.815, P<0.001; H=10.640, P=0.005). The proportion of CM was lower in RA and the IM proportion was increased in RA( P=0.003; P=0.003). The intracellular TNF-α level of monocytes in all three groups revealed the trend that IM>NCM>CM. The intracellular TNF-α in IM of RA was positively associated with serum TNF-α ( r=0.376, P=0.041). The HLA-DR expression in IM subsets were higher than CM and NCM subsets in all RA,HC and disease control groups. The expression of HLA-DR of IM in RA group and disease control was higher than HC group [8 611.50 (6201.3, 9890.8), 10 295.0 (7 899.0, 13632.0), 6 278.00(4 057.8, 9522.0), H=10.495, P=0.005]. There were no correlations between the proportion of peripheral blood IM and clinical characteristics CRP ( r=0.119, P=0.359), RF ( r=0.204, P=0.112) and ESR ( r=0.153, P=0.236). Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of IM ( OR=1.169, 95% CI 1.003-1.363, P=0.046), CRP ( OR=1.277, 95% CI 1.000-1.631, P=0.050), RF ( OR=1.179, 95% CI 1.080-1.287, P<0.001) are positively correlated with RA onset. The area under ROC curve for diagnosis of RA with IM proportion was 0.687, and the 95% confidence interval was 0.590-0.784, P<0.001. Conclusions:The distribution of monocyte subsets in peripheral blood of RA patients is abnormal. The increase in the proportion of IM, the enhanced antigen-presenting ability, and the increased level of TNF-α secretion in RA patients may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Prognostic factors of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients with minimal residual disease negativity / 中华内科杂志

To explore prognostic factors in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity (MRD<0.1%,MRD-)receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT).A total of 59 intermediate-risk AML patients with MRD-were treated with auto-HSCT from January 2015 to September 2021 at Affiliated People′s Hospital of Ningbo University. The clinical data and laboratory results were collected retrospectively. Efficacy, clinical outcome and prognostic factors were analyzed. Univariate analysis was conducted by using log-rank test, the multivariate analysis by Cox proportional risk model.Among 59 patients, there were 27 males and 32 females with median age of 55 (31-69) years old.The median follow-up was 761(317-1 861)days. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate and event-free survival (EFS) rate were 76.1%±11.4% and 73.4%±11.6% respectively.The univariate analysis showed that age older than 50 years, TET2 gene mutation (TET2 +), achieving MRD negativity over 30 days (MRD 30+) were unfavorable factors of OS ( χ2=6.20, 33.20, 7.18; P=0.013,<0.001, 0.007). TET 2+, WT1 gene mutation (WT1 +), CD34 +cells<2×10 6/kg, MRD 30+were negative factors of EFS ( χ2=17.29, 4.47, 3.94, 9.393; P<0.001, 0.035, 0.047, 0.002).Multivariate analysis showed that MRD 30+, TET2 + were independent prognostic factors of OS and EFS (OS: HR=9.251, 25.839, P=0.036, 0.001;EFS: HR=5.851, 9.199, P=0.043, 0.002). Intermediate-risk AML patients with MRD 30+or TET2 + have very poor prognosis after auto-HSCT. Alternative regimens should be investigated.

Research Advance of Gene Mutation and Targeted Drug Therapy in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

The clinical therapeutic regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not significantly different between adults and children, which is mostly based on IA (idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside) induction chemotherapy. With the rapid development of sequencing technique, people's understandings towards the molecular and biological abnormalities of AML are increasing, diverse AML gene mutation-based targeted drugs have been rapidly developed and applied. In this review, several commonly gene mutations in AML (such as FLT3, NPM1 and C/EBPA) was described, and the therapeutic effects and differences of targeted drugs that used in clinical treatment or had been reported (like tyrosine kinase inhibitor, IDH1 mutation inhibitor and epigenetic modification inhibitor) in child and adult AML patients were summrized.

Association of intrauterine benzo[a]pyrene exposure with benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE)-DNA adduct levels and pancreatic functional impairment in offspring rats / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the benzo[a]pyrene ( B[a]P ) diolepoxide ( BPDE )-DNA adduct levels in offspring rats with intrauterine exposure to B[a]P, and examine the effects of BPDE-DNA adduct levels on pancreatic functional impairment and glucose metabolism in offspring rats. @*Methods@#Forty pregnant rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, standard-dose group, low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group (daily dose of 0, 2, 200, 800, 1 600 μg/kg B[a]P, respectively), of 8 animals in each group. Rats in the B[a]P treatment groups were administered by oral gavage with a mixture of B[a]P and corn oil at a dose of 0.2 mL/100 g body weight since day 1 of pregnancy until 21 days after delivery, while rats in the blank control group were given the same volume of coin oil by oral gavage. The BPDE-DNA adduct levels were measured and the pancreatic development was observed in the offspring rats 2 and 21 days and 12 weeks after birth, and the correlation between pancreas volume index and dose of exposure to B[a]P was examined using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. In addition, glucose metabolism was measured in offspring rats 12 months after birth using glucose tolerance test ( GTT ) and insulin tolerance test ( ITT ). @*Results@#There was no abnormal appearance, death, abortion or preterm birth in pregnant or offspring rats in the five groups, and no significant differences were seen in activity, diet, drinking water or mental status in rats. The greatest level of BPDE-DNA adducts was measured in offspring rats 2 days after birth, with median levels ( interquartile range ) of 1 089.60 ( 586.10 ) to 1 405.49 ( 346.47 ) pg/mL, and no BPDE-DNA adducts were found in offspring rats 12 weeks after birth. The pancreas volume index correlated negatively with the dose of exposure to B[a]P in offspring rats 2 ( rs=-0.620, P=0.001 ) and 21 days after birth ( rs=-0.801, P=0.001 ). Hypoplasia of pancreas with loose tissues was seen in offspring rats 2 days after birth, while well pancreatic development was found in offspring rats 12 weeks after birth, with tight exocrine portion. GTT showed an increase in glucose levels in offspring rats in all five groups following abdominal injection of glucose and declined 30 min post-injection ( F=365.578, P<0.001 ), and ITT showed a tendency towards a decline in glucose levels in offspring rats in all five groups ( F=461.215, P<0.001 ).@*Conclusions@#The levels of BPDE-DNA adducts in offspring rats increase with the dose of intrauterine B[a]P exposure, and insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance occur 12 months post-exposure to B[a]P. Intrauterine B[a]P exposure affects pancreatic development in offspring rats and causes abnormal glucose metabolism in adult offspring rats.

Gold nanoparticle-directed autophagy intervention for antitumor immunotherapy via inhibiting tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the dominating constituents of tumor microenvironment, are important contributors to cancer progression and treatment resistance. Therefore, regulation of TAMs polarization from M2 phenotype towards M1 phenotype has emerged as a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Herein, we successfully initiated antitumor immunotherapy by inhibiting TAMs M2 polarization via autophagy intervention with polyethylene glycol-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs). PEG-AuNPs suppressed TAMs M2 polarization in both in vitro and in vivo models, elicited antitumor immunotherapy and inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth in mice. As demonstrated by the mRFP-GFP-LC3 assay and analyzing the autophagy-related proteins (LC3, beclin1 and P62), PEG-AuNPs induced autophagic flux inhibition in TAMs, which is attributed to the PEG-AuNPs induced lysosome alkalization and membrane permeabilization. Besides, TAMs were prone to polarize towards M2 phenotype following autophagy activation, whereas inhibition of autophagic flux could reduce the M2 polarization of TAMs. Our results revealed a mechanism underlying PEG-AuNPs induced antitumor immunotherapy, where PEG-AuNPs reduce TAMs M2 polarization via induction of lysosome dysfunction and autophagic flux inhibition. This study elucidated the biological effects of nanomaterials on TAMs polarization and provided insight into harnessing the intrinsic immunomodulation capacity of nanomaterials for effective cancer treatment.

Effect of different injection approaches of tumor RNA nanoliposome vaccine on the growth of colon cancer / 药学实践杂志

Objective To compare the differences in the anti-tumor growth effects of organisms with different injections of CT26 tumor cell RNA loaded into nanoliposomes. Methods The extracted tumor RNA was loaded into nanoliposomes to prepare tumor RNA nanoliposome vaccines, and the related properties of nanoliposome vaccines were investigated. The particle size of nanoliposome vaccines was （120.0±12.1）nm and zeta potential was （3.39±0.56）mV. Tumor RNA nanoliposome vaccines were injected into different parts of the mice to test and analyze the influence of different injections on the growth of colon cancer transplanted tumors in mice. Results Tumor RNA nanoliposome vaccines were used to inject tumor-transplanted mice in different ways. Compared with underarm injection, intraperitoneal injection enhanced the organism's anti-tumor immune response and inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors more effectively. The H&E staining of important organs in mice was compared and no obvious organic lesions were found in the organs. Conclusion Intraperitoneal injections of nanoliposome loaded with tumor RNA can enhance the body's anti-tumor immune response more effectively than underarm injections.

Determination of lanthanum in whole blood by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate the transdermal safety of lanthanum (La) in sunscreen and jellyfish sting protective lotion, establish a microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma opticalemission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method for determination of lanthanum (La) in rat’s whole blood. Methods The whole blood samples were digested by microwave and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Using 333.749 nm as the analysis line, the content of La in rat whole blood was determined. Results The correlation linearity of the standard curve of this method was good (r>0.9994), the detection limit of the method was 0.0025 μg/ml, the limit of quantification was 0.0077 μg/ml, the precision was less than 3%, and the recovery rate was between 94.9% and 102.0%. Conclusion The ICP-OES method based on microwave digestion is stable and reliable, and can provide an important basis for the study of the transdermal safety of lanthanum.

Associations between urinary bisphenol A concentrations during pregnancy and gestational age / 上海预防医学

Objective We aimed to assess the association between urinary bisphenol A(BPA)concentrations and gestational age in pregnant women. Methods A total of 248 pregnant women were recruited from a maternal and child care hospital in Shanghai. A questionnaire survey was completed to collect socio-demographic information and spot urine samples were collected during pregnancy. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)was used to measure BPA concentrations in urine samples. Linear relationship between urinary BPA level and gestational age was assessed by using generalized additive models. Multivariate regression model was used to evaluate associations of prenatal BPA exposure with gestational age. Results BPA was detected in all the urine samples. Median value and geometric mean of urinary BPA levels were 0.85 μg/L and 1.21 μg/L, respectively. Linear relationship between urinary BPA concentration and gestational weeks was confirmed(non-linear P > 0.05). Positive association between urinary BPA level and gestational age was indicated(regression coefficient, β = 0.19;95%CI:0.04-0.35;P = 0.016). However, it was only observed in girls, stratified by sex of newborns(β = 0.18;95%CI:0.03-0.34;P = 0.020). After stratification by trimester, no significant association was found in the second or the third trimesters. Conclusion Pregnant women are extensively exposed to BPA. Urinary BPA exposure during pregnancy may extend gestational age, especially in girls.

Progress of efficacy evaluation model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Single conventional MRI can only evaluate the change of tumor size and cannot accurately predict the curative effect of tumors. Functional imaging technology can further supplement the information of curative effect prediction. However, single imaging evaluation has some limitations in the evaluation of tumor efficacy. The combination of functional imaging and biomarkers for the evaluation and prediction of curative effect may provide a new choice for the evaluation model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This paper reviews the progress of current status of therapeutic evaluation models for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, functional imaging technology and single or joint evaluation model of biomarkers, so as to provide ideas for the efficacy evaluation model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma which is accurate and easy to be promoted and applied.

Current situation of mother-infant-dyads at their first visit to breastfeeding counseling clinic / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the current situation of the mothers and infants at their first visit to the breastfeeding counseling clinic, and provide a reference for promoting breastfeeding in infancy.Methods:Clinical data of 581 mother-infant-dyads visiting the breastfeeding counseling clinic of Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including the general information of the dyads, and the subjective and actual reasons for visits. According to the age of infants coming to the clinics, they are divided into the younger group (60 d and below, n=316), middle-aged group (61-120 d, n=178), and older group (121 d and above, n=87). Differences in exclusive breastfeeding rate and reasons for visits between different groups were analyzed by analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. Results:The age of the 581 infants at the first visit were mainly at 30-34, 41-45 and 90-94 d, which accounted for 9.3%( n=54), 25.3%( n=147), and 9.0%( n=52), respectively. The total exclusive breastfeeding rate was 71.8%( n=417) at visit, and there were significant differences among the younger, middle-aged and older group [67.7%(214/316), 79.8%(142/178), 70.1%(61/87), χ 2=14.294, P=0.006), and between the younger and middle-aged group in the pairwise comparison. The most common subjective reason for visiting was slow weight gain ( n=249, 42.9%), followed by worrying about insufficient milk ( n=142, 24.4%) and feeding difficulties ( n=132, 22.7%). Whereas the top three practical reasons for visiting included infant's inability to latch on or sucking ( n=165, 28.4%), lack of breastfeeding knowledge ( n=149, 25.6%) and inappropriate maternal feeding skills ( n=140, 24.1%). The younger group faced more problems regarding latching on or sucking [39.6%(125/316] and mother's feeding skills[25.9%(82/316)], while the lack of breastfeeding knowledge mainly occurred in the older group[48.3%(42/87)]. The coincidence rates between the subjective and actual reasons for slow weight gain, worrying of insufficient milk, and feeding difficulties were only 1.2%( n=3), 6.3%( n=11), and 21.2%( n=28). Conclusions:Breastfeeding- related problems exist in infants of different ages below one year old. There is a big knowledge gap between the subjective reasons for medical visits and the actual problems that interfere with breastfeeding. Therefore, individualized breastfeeding guidance for infants of different ages is recommended in children's health clinics.

The propagation and education strategy of Traditional Chinese Medicine culture in the museum field: taking the Chinese medicine museum of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as an example / 国际中医中药杂志

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the treasure of Chinese civilization. It embodies the characteristics and essence of the outstanding culture of China. As the indispensable platform, Chinese medicine museum plays an important role to spread the TCM culture and educate the public. This articl analyzes the difficulties and challenges of propagation and education of TCM in the museum field, explores the effective strategies from four aspects, covering the content construction, interpretation, education activities, and temporary exhibitions. Only in this way, the public education would be promoted effectively in the museum field.