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ObjectiveTo determine the association of dietary diversity and dietary pattern with cognitive function in elderly in community. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to randomly select 143 elderly people over 65 years old in Wangdingdi Community of Tianjin. Self-designed questionnaire was used and then dietary diversity index was calculated. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Chinese Revised （WAIS-RC） was used to measure intelligence quotient （IQ） to assess cognitive function. Factor analysis and multivariate linear regression model were used to extract dietary patterns and determine the association of dietary diversity index and dietary patterns with cognitive function， respectively. ResultsFactor analysis revealed four dietary patterns， which were meat and cereal dietary pattern， fish and poultry milk dietary pattern， bean vegetable dietary pattern， and egg dietary pattern. Multivariate linear regression showed that egg dietary pattern was significantly associated with performance IQ （P<0.05）， suggesting that egg dietary pattern may have a protective effect on IQ of the elderly. There was no significant association between dietary diversity and cognitive function in the elderly （P>0.05）. ConclusionEgg dietary pattern may protect cognitive function in the elderly. Therefore， the elderly should increase the intake of eggs in daily diet.
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Objective@#To investigate the association between obesity and insomnia among adults, so as to provide insights into obesity control and sleep health improvements among adult populations. @*Methods@#Sixteen communities were randomly sampled from Longgang District, Shenzhen City using a multistage cluster sampling method, and permanent residents at ages of 18 years and older living in these communities were recruited as study subjects. Subjects' gender, age, educational level and marital status were collected using a self-designed questionnaire, and the body mass index ( BMI) was calculated. The sleep quality was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index ( ISI ), and the correlation between obesity and insomnia was evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 10 434 questionnaires were allocated, and 9 425 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 90.33%. The respondents included 3 448 men ( 36.58% ) and 5 977 women ( 63.42% ), and 6 940 respondents ( 73.63% ) were at ages of 18 to 44 years. There were 778 respondents with underweight ( 8.25% ), 5 522 with normal weight ( 58.59% ), 2 209 with overweight ( 23.44% ) and 916 with obesity ( 9.72% ). Among all respondents, 1 149 respondents were detected with insomnia, with a detection rate of 12.19%, including 839 subjects with mild insomnia ( 8.90% ), 247 subjects moderate insomnia ( 2.62% ) and 63 subjects with severe insomnia ( 0.67% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between obesity and insomnia ( OR=2.179, 95%CI: 1.824-2.603 ).@*Conclusions@#There is a significant correlation between obesity and insomnia. Body weight management and sleep health education shall be intensified among adults.
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Objective To analyze the dynamic changes of schistosomiasis in Poyang County of Jiangxi Province from 2004 to 2020, so as to provide insight into the development of the schistosomiasis elimination strategy. Methods Schistosomiasis control data were captured from Poyang County from 2004 to 2020, and the epidemiological data of schistosomiasis were collected from national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Poyang County from 2005 to 2020. The endemic status of schistosomiasis was analyzed in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020, and a Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to investigate the trends of schistosomiasis in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020. Results The sero-prevalence and egg-prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections reduced from 24.39% (24 976/102 397) and 4.53% (259/5 721) in 2004 to 5.37% (2 421/45 100) [annual percent change (APC) = average annual percent change (AAPC) = −8.64%] and 0 (0/3 963) in 2020 (APC = AAPC = −32.07%) in Poyang County, and the trends were both significant (both P < 0.01). The sero-prevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced from 1.21% (294/24 332) in bovines in 2013 to 0.58% (35/5 999) in 2020 in Poyang County, with one turning point (AAPC = −8.20%, P > 0.05). There were no townships or villages with emerging snail habitats in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020, and there were three turning points of trend in the proportion of snail areas detected in total snail areas (AAPC = −2.30%, P > 0.01). The sero-prevalence and adjusted prevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced from 60.82% (742/1 220) and 10.16% (124/1 220) in local residents in 2005 to 5.73% (70/1 221) and 0 in 2020 in national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Poyang County, and the trends for sero-prevalence (APC = AAPC = 17.47%, P < 0.01) and adjusted prevalence of S. japonicum infections (APC = AAPC = −44.92%, P < 0.01) were both statistically significant. S. japonicum infections were identified in 10 (2005) and 2 local livestock (2007), with prevalence of 10.00% (10/100) and 13.33% (2/15), respectively, and S. japonicum infections were detected in snails in 2008 and 2009; however, no positive samples of mixed O. hupensis were detected by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis control had remarkably reduced in Poyang County from 2004 to 2020; however, there are still challenges for consolidating schistosomiasis control achievements and even elimination of schistosomiasis.
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Objective: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of otologic disorders in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), so as to provide management strategies for ear health. Methods: This study is a prospective study based on questionnaires and a cross-sectional study. The TS patients who visited our hospital from 2010 January to 2021 March were included (A total of 71 patients with TS were included in this study. the age of TS diagnosed was 3- to 11-year-old, age of visiting ENT department was 4- to 27-year-old) and the incidence of otologic diseases in different age groups was investigated by questionnaires. The cross-sectional study included ear morphology and auditory function assessment, and further analysis of the risk factors that related to ear disease. Prism was used for data analysis. Results: The investigation found that the incidence of acute otitis media in patients aged 3-6 and 7-12 years was higher than that of patients over 12 years old, which was 33.8%(24/71), 42.9%(30/70)and 23.5%(8/34), respectively; 21.1% (15/71) of patients were recurrent acute otitis media in patients aged 3-6 years, and about 46.6% (7/15)of them persisted beyond 6-year. The prevalence of otitis media with effusion in the three groups was 32.4%(23/71), 34.3%(24/70)and 38.2%(13/34), respectively; the recurrence rate of tympanocentesis was 100%(7/7), 42.9%(3/7)and 50.0%(1/2), which was significantly higher than that of grommet insertion. For age groups of 3-6 and 7-12 years, the prevalence of acute otitis media and secretory otitis media was lower in the X chromosome structure abnormal patients; while for patients older than 12 years, otitis media with effusion was the highest prevalence in Y-chromosome-containing karyotypes. In addition, the prevalence of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion in patients with other system diseases were increased significantly. A cross-sectional study found that 7.0% (5/71)of the lower auricular, 4.2% (3/71)of the external auditory canal narrow, and 38.0% (27/71)of the tympanic membrane abnormality. 35.2%(25/71) had abnormal hearing, including 17 cases of conductive deafness, 6 cases of sensorineural hearing loss, and 2 cases of mixed deafness. The rest of the patients had normal hearing, but 6 of them had abnormalities in otoacoustic emission. Eustachian tube function assessment found that the eustachian tube dysfunction accounted for 38%(27/71). Hearing loss and abnormal Eustachian tube function were not significantly related to karyotype(Chi-square 2.83 and 2.84,P value 0.418 and 0.417), but significantly related to other system diseases(Chi-square 13.43 and 7.53,P value<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of TS-related otitis media and auditory dysfunction is significantly higher than that of the general population. It not only occurs in preschool girls, but also persists or develops after school age. Accompanied by other system diseases are risk factors for ear diseases. Clinicians should raise their awareness of TS-related ear diseases and incorporate ear health monitoring into routine diagnosis and treatment.
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deafness/etiology , Female , Humans , Middle Ear Ventilation/adverse effects , Otitis Media/complications , Otitis Media with Effusion/complications , Prospective Studies , Turner Syndrome/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
Abstract@#Obesity is a major global public health problem. Long-term sleep deprivation has been identified as a major risk factor of obesity among adults, and oversleeping is found to correlate with the increased risk of obesity. Based on systematic reviews, meta-analysis and prospective cohort studies of the association between sleep and obesity among adults published during the period between 2017 and April, 2022, this review summarizes the direct impact of sleep on obesity among adults, the improvements of adult obesity by sleep and the immune, endocrine, energy metabolism, dietary habit and psychological mechanisms of obesity affected by sleep, so as to provide insights into the development of interventions against adult obesity.
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Objective:To explore the effects of different approaches for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction on pregnancy outcome in women with dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplet.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 51 women with DCTA triplet pregnancies who were referred to Guangdong Women and Children Hospital for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction from January 2014 to January 2020. All participants were divided into either preventive group ( n=39) or treatment group ( n=12) according to the indication for multifetal pregnancy reduction, and they were further allocated to three subgroups based on different reduction methods, which were reduction to dichorionic twin by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (RFA subgroup), reduction to monochorionic singleton (KCl-singleton subgroup) or monochorionic twin (KCl-twin subgroup) by cardiac injection of potassium chloride. Pregnancy loss rate, neonatal birth weight, gestational age at delivery, incidence of intrauterine death, and neonatal death were compared and analyzed between different groups using t-test, analysis of variance, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Bonferroni correction. Results:(1) The mean gestational week at operation in the treatment group was significantly later than that in the preventive group [(18.5±3.1) vs (15.0±2.3) weeks, t=-4.209, P<0.001]. In the preventive group, the mean gestational week at operation in the RFA subgroup was later than the KCl-singleton and KCl-twin subgroup[(17.2±1.6) vs (13.8±1.5) and (12.7±1.0) weeks, t=6.630 and 3.875, respectively, both P<0.05]. (2) The postoperative pregnancy loss rate in the preventive group was decreased compared with the treatment group [10.3%(4/39) vs 5/12, Fisher's exact test, P<0.05], and the live birth ratio was increased [ 85.7%(48/56) vs 10/18, χ2=5.640, P=0.018]. No live birth infants with birth weight <1 500 g was reported in the KCl-singleton subgroup in preventive group, and the statistical significance was observed in the intra-group differences ( P<0.05) rather than the pairwise comparison differences in the preventive group. For the proportion of live births, there was a statistically significant difference in the intra-group comparison in the treatment group, which was higher in the RFA subgroup than that in the KCl-twin subgroup (6/6 vs 1/6, P=0.045). No significant difference was revealed among pregnancy loss rate, gestational weeks at delivery, the mean birth weight, premature delivery <32 gestational weeks, and full-term birth rate among three different approaches within the two groups. (3) No monochorionic twin complications or perinatal death occurred in any RFA or KCl-singleton subgroups in the two groups. In the KCl-twin subgroups including five cases with ten fetuses, including three live birth, four miscarriage, three intrauterine death occured, while no neonatal death was reported. One case with selective fetal uterine growth restriction in the preventive group delivered two live births, and one case with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in the treatment group had intrauterine death in one fetus and one survival neonate. Conclusions:The pregnancy outcome of multifetal pregnancy reduction to dichorionic diamniotic twins by RFA or reduction to singleton by cardiac injection of potassium chloride are comparative in women with DCTA triplet, regardless of whether it is a preventive or therapeutic reduction.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of serum matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and analyze its correlation with bone erosion and disease activity.Methods:100 RA patients diagnosed in the First People's Hospital of Changde from July 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the RA group, and 35 healthy volunteers who came to the hospital for physical examination at the same time were selected as the control group. The clinical data of the patients were collected, and the serum MMP-3 levels of the patients and healthy volunteers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum MMP3 levels of RA patients with different disease activity, different imaging stages and different bone mineral density were compared, and the correlation with clinical indicators were analyzed.Results:⑴ RA patients were grouped according to the Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28. Serum MMP-3 levels in the highly active group (300.87±15.93)ng/ml and in the moderately active group (213.78±12.79)ng/ml were higher than those in the clinical remission group (82.87±8.19)ng/ml increased significantly. ⑵ The serum MMP3 level in the RA group (190.98±13.43)ng/ml was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (69.97±10.63)ng/ml. ⑶ There were significant differences in serum MMP-3 levels among RA patients with different imaging stages ( P<0.05). The level of MMP-3 in stage Ⅲ (206.18±13.58)ng/ml and stage Ⅳ (301.72±13.43)ng/ml were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ (89.16±10.13)ng/ml. ⑷ RA patients were divided into normal group, osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group according to bone mineral density. The serum MMP-3 level in the osteopenia group (180.87±12.69)ng/ml and osteoporosis group (289.54±13.28)ng/ml were significantly higher than that in the normal group (121.05±8.45)ng/ml. ⑸ Serum MMP-3 levels were positively correlated with C-reaction (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), DSA 28, rheumatoid factor (RF), joint swelling index, joint tenderness index, and platelet count in the RA group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum MMP-3 plays an important role in the progression of RA, and is closely related to RA disease activity and bone erosion. It is expected to become a serological indicator for predicting RA bone erosion and radiological progress.
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This paper aims to investigate the chemical constituents of the seeds of Herpetospermum pedunculosum. One new coumarin and two known lignans were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the seeds of H. pedunculosum with thin layer chromatography(TLC), silica gel column chromatography, Sephedax LH-20 chromatography, Semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization, etc. Their structures were elucidated as herpetolide H(1), phyllanglaucin B(2), and buddlenol E(3) by analysis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from this genus for the first time. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity test showed that herpetolide H had certain NO inhibitory activity for LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with its IC_(50) value of(46.57±3.28) μmol·L~(-1).
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Coumarins/pharmacology , Cucurbitaceae , Lignans , SeedsABSTRACT
The study is aimed to investigate the reproductive biology characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema, especially including phenology, flower bud differentiation, flowering timing, floral traits, pollen vigor and stigma receptivity. The results showed that P. cyrtonema forms inflorescence before the leaves spread. In the wild, P. cyrtonema is mainly pollinated by insects such as bumblebees, with a seed setting rate of 65.12%. The seed setting rate of indoor single plant isolation or self-pollination enclosed by parchment paper bag is 0, indicating that it is self-incompatible. In Lin'an city, seedlings begin to emerge from mid-March to early April(the temperature is higher than 7.5 ℃), buds begin to emerge from the end of March to mid-April, and then undergo the full bloom stage from mid-to-late April, and the final flowering stage from the end of April to mid-May. The whole flowering period lasts 36 to 45 days. There are obvious differences in the phenology of different provenances. The flowers come into bloom from the base to the top along the aboveground main axis, which usually contain 4-22 inflorescences with(2-) 4-10(-21) flowers per inflorescence. The flowering pe-riod for a single plant is 26-38 days. The single flower lasts about 20-25 days from budding to opening and withers 2 days after pollination, and then the ovary will gradually expand. If unpollinated, it will continue to bloom for 3-5 days and then wither. Flower development period is significantly related to pollen vigor and stigma remittance. The pollen viability is the highest when the flower is fully opened with anthers gathering on the stigma, and the receptivity is the strongest when the stigma protrudes out of the perianth and secretes mucus. The fruits and seeds ripen in October, and proper shading can ensure the smooth development and maturity of the seeds. This study provides a basis for the hybrid breeding and seed production of P. cyrtonema.
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Flowers , Plant Breeding , Pollination , Polygonatum , ReproductionABSTRACT
To explore the application value of pushing endoscopic submucosal dissection (PESD) in treatment of large area of early cardiac cancer or precancerous lesions. Form January 2017 to January 2020, patients diagnosed as having early cardiac cancer or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia with largest lesion diameter greater than 2.0 cm at the Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital were enrolled in the study. Patients who received PESD with water-injected knife were included in the PESD group (26 cases), and compared with those who received conventional ESD with common mucosal incision (the conventional ESD group, 17 cases) at the same period. The procedure time, the complete resection rate of lesions and the incidence of complications were analyzed.There were no difference in lesion size between the two groups ( P>0.05). The procedure time of PESD group was 53.7±18.2 min, which was 91.5±26.5 min in the conventional ESD group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). In the PESD group, 7 cases (26.9%) had intraoperative hemorrhage. In the conventional ESD group, 8 cases (47.1%) had intraoperative bleeding, and 2 (11.8%) had intraoperative perforation. There were significant differences in the incidence of hemorrhage and perforation between the two groups (all P<0.001). Compared with conventional ESD, PESD can effectively improve the dissection speed, reduce the incidence of complications, and make endoscopic surgery safer and faster.
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Objective:To assess the effects of a 12-month vitamin D 3 intervention on cognitive function and blood inflammatory cytokines in subjects with Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods:Two hundred and ten AD patients were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups, with 105 patients in each group.The intervention group received vitamin D 3 800 U/day and the control group received a placebo for 12 months.Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and placebo on cognitive performance and blood inflammatory cytokines at baseline, month 6 and month 12. Results:During the follow-up, serum 25(OH)D 3( F=712.086, P<0.001)and 1, 25(OH) 2D 3( F=372.038, P<0.001)concentrations in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Changes in FSIQ, VIQ and PIQ between the groups, between different time points and with interaction between the variables taken into account were statistically significant(all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, interleukin-6(IL-6)( F=341.344, P<0.001)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)( F=9.580, P<0.001)levels in the intervention group were significantly decreased, and the ratio of Aβ40 to Aβ42 was increased( F=4.617, P=0.010). There were interaction effects between group and time.Except for intervention effects, the baseline concentration of 25(OH)D 3 was positively correlated with scores of FSIQ( β=0.016, P=0.031)and VIQ( β=0.017, P=0.031). Conclusions:Daily oral vitamin D 3 supplementation(800 U/day)for 12 months may improve cognitive function and change inflammatory cytokines in elderly patients with AD.
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Objective To evaluate the impact of water pollutants, water levels and meteorological factors on the Oncomelania hupensis density in Eastern Dongting Lake regions, so as to provide insights into schistosomiasis control. Methods O. hupensis snails were surveyed using a systematic sampling method in snail-infested marshlands in Eastern Dongting Lake regions from 2007 to 2014, and data pertaining to water pollutants, water levels and meteorological factors were collected. The duration of submergence and the date of the start of submergence were calculated. The snail density and its influencing factors were descriptively analyzed, and a linear mixed model was generated to examine the impacts of variables on the snail density. In addition, smooth curves were fitted to investigate the relationship between snail density and variables. Results The snail density appeared a fluctuation in Eastern Dongting Lake regions during the period from 2007 to 2014, with the highest density on October, 2010 (52.79 snails/0.1 m2) and the lowest density on January 2009 (2.15 snails/0.1 m2). Linear mixed-model analysis showed that permanganate index, total phosphorus and the date of the start of submergence affected the snail density (t = 6.386, −2.920 and −3.892, all P values < 0.01). Smooth curve analysis revealed that the associations of the snail density with the permanganate index and total phosphorus appeared an approximately quadratic curve. After the end of April, the earlier date of the start of submergence resulted in a higher snail density. Conclusion Permenganate index, total phosphorus and the date of the start of submergence affect the O. hupensis snail density in Eastern Dongting Lake regions.
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Objective To compare biomechanical properties of the traditional and novel locking compression plate （LCP） for treating femoral shaft fracture, so as to provide theoretical basis for selecting more effective bone plate. Methods The bending strength and fatigue tests on the plate were performed, and the finite element analysis on deformation, stress and life of the plate were conducted by using ANSYS Workbench. Results The average bending yield load and bending strength of the novel LCP were 1.4 times of that of the traditional LCP, and the average cycle times of the novel and traditional LCP were 106 and 47 091, respectively. The difference of service life for two LCPs was 33.8%. ConclusionsThe failure probability of the novel LCP is smaller than that of the traditional LCP, and the novel LCP has more effective biomechanical stability.
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Objective To evaluate the malnutrition status and analyze the changing trends of nutritional status among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas of Chongqing from 2013 to 2019, and to provide scientific bases for formulating measures to improve students' nutrition status. Methods In 12 poor rural areas in Chongqing, a random sampling was adopted. At least 10% of elementary and middle schools were randomly selected in each area each year. At least 40 students were sampled in each grade to measure their height and weight. The nutritional status of the students was evaluated and the changing trend of nutritional status in the five years from 2013 to 2019 was analyzed. Results From 2013 to 2019, the prevalence rate of malnutrition showed a downward trend. The prevalence rate of malnutrition of boys was higher than that of girls. The prevalence rate of growth retardation decreased more significantly than that of emaciation. Conclusion The status of malnutrition among students in poor areas of Chongqing had been improved, but had not been eliminated yet. Further attention should be paid to the changes of students' nutritional status and timely measures should be taken to improve the students' nutritional and health status.
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This project is to study chemical compositions from the stems of Herpetospermum pedunculosum. Twenty-two compounds were isolated from the 70% acetone extract of the stems of H. pedunculosum by column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, semi-preparative HPLC and preparative TLC. Their structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data as N-benzyltyramine(1), α-spinasterol(2),(2S)-1-O-heptatriacontanoyl glycerol(3), 5,7-dihydroxychromanone(4), methyl 2β,3β-dihydroxy-D:C-friedoolean-8-en-29-oate(5), p-hydroxy benzyl alcohol(6), p-hydroxybenzoate(7), p-hydroxy cinnamic acid(8), 1H-indol-3-carboxylic acid(9), rhodiocyanoside B(10), rhodiolgin(11), rhodiosin(12), 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid(13), cylo-(Tyr-Leu)(14), matteflavoside A(15), loliolide(16), 1H-indol-3-carboxaldehyde(17),(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(18), 3-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-β-ionone(19), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-propen-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1-propanone(20), 7-en-nonadecanoic acid monoglyceride(21), vanillic acid(22). Compound 1 is a new natural product, while compounds 3-15 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , CucurbitaceaeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To sepa rate and identify the phenols compounds in Aurantii Fructus Immaturus ，and to provide reference for basic research of its effective substances. METHODS ：The phenols compounds were isolated and separated by silica gel，HW-40F gel column ，ODS reversed column and preparation HPLC. Their physicochemical properties and spectral data were used to identify the structures. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Totally 12 compounds were isolated from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus，identified as 6′-O-trans- cinnamoyl- 3，5-dihydroxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside（compound 1），methyl 3-（2′，4′- dihydroxy phenyl ）propionate（compound 2），phloroglucinol（compound 3），aurantiside A （compound 4），5，7，4′-trihydroxy-8， 3′-dimethoxyflavone-3-O-6″-（3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl） β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 5）， aromadendrin-7-O-β-D- glucopyranside（compound 6），hesperidin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（compound 7），naringin（compound 8），hesperidin（compound 9）， narirutin （compound 10），neoeriocitrin （compound 11），eriocitrin （compound 12）. Among them ，compound 1 is a new compound，and compounds 2 and 3 are isolated from Critus for the first time.
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@#【Objective】Due to the tough nature of skin tissue and a high presence of RNases，the isolation of skin RNA by the classical Trizol method presents a challenge. Therefore，we adapted and tested different sample treatment protocols to improve the Trizol method for high- quality extraction of skin RNA.【Methods】In this study，normal skin of mice processed by different treatments（Tri：submersion Trizol；Pro：RNA sample protector；Cry：cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen frozen and then - 80 ℃ refrigerator；LNG：liquid nitrogen grinding；Cut：scissor cutting）were used as the experimental groups. Spinal cord tissue（Sp）was used as the reference group，and skin tissue of mouse psoriasis model induced by imiquimod（IMQ）was used as the validation group. We compared skin RNA concentration，purity and integrity， as well as IL- 1β mRNA expression extracted by conventional Trizol methods（1-Tri，Nor）and modified Trizol methods（2-Tri，LNG-Tri，Tri-Cut，Pro），which were determined by UV spectrophotometry，agar gel electrophoresis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR（qRT- PCR）.【Results】① Compared with spinal cord（Sp），the total RNA of normal skin tissue extracted with the same classical Trizol method（1-Tri）was with lower yields，more obvious DNA contamination and 5S RNA bands，and higher IL-1β mRNA relative expression，suggesting that skin tissue was relatively special and the classical Trizol methods of skin RNA extraction should be improved. ② Among the different treatment methods of skin tissue，2-Tri and LNG-Tri methods resulted in higher RNA concentrations，lower RNA degradation and lower DNA contamination，and the expression of IL-1β mRNA was closer to normal levels. More importantly，the skin RNA samples extracted by the 2-Tri method can reflect more realistically the variation of IL-1β mRNA expression between normal and psoriasiform groups.【Conclusion】Improved 2-Tri or LNG-Tri method has the advantage of high quality of total RNA，and 2-Tri can more reliably reflect the mRNA expression pattern under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of activating adenosine A2A receptors on myocardial is-chemia-reperfusion ( I∕R) injury in diabetic rats and the relationship with autophagy. Methods Clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were studied. The diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1％ streptozotocin 60 mg∕kg. Forty diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each ) using a random number table method: sham operation group ( group Sham) , I∕R group ( group I∕R) , I∕R plus adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 group ( group CGS) , and I∕R plus CGS21680 plus adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 group ( group CGS+ZM) . Myocardial I∕R was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120-min reperfusion. Adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS2168010μg∕100g was in-travenously injected at 10 min before reperfusion in group CGS. CGS2168010 ug∕100g and ZM2413850. 2 mg∕kg were intravenously injected sequentially at 10 min before reperfusion in group CGS+ZM. Blood sam-ples were obtained at the end of reperfusion for determination of concentrations of creatine kinase-MB ( CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in serum (by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay). The animals were sacrificed, and myocardial tissues were obtained for measurement of the percentage of myocardial infarct volume ( by TTC staining) and for determination of the expression of mi-crotubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅰ ( LC3Ⅰ) , LC3 Ⅱ, p62 and Beclin-1 ( by Western blot) . LC3 Ⅱ∕LC3 Ⅰ ratio was calculated. Results Compared with group Sham, the serum CK-MB, LDH and cTnI concentrations and percentage of myocardial infarct volume were significantly increased, the expression of p62 and Beclin-1 was up-regulated, and the LC3Ⅱ∕LC3Ⅰratio was increased in group I∕R ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group I∕R, the concentrations of serum CK-MB, LDH and cTnI and percentage of myocardial infarct volume were significantly decreased, the expression of p62 and Beclin-1 was down-regulated, and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ∕LC3Ⅰwas increased in group CGS ( P<0. 05) , and no significant change was found in the pa-rameters mentioned above in group CGS+ZM (P>0. 05). Compared with group CGS, the concentrations of serum CK-MB, LDH and cTnI and percentage of myocardial infarct volume were significantly increased, the expression of p62 and Beclin-1 was down-regulated, and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ∕LC3Ⅰwas decreased in group CGS+ZM ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Activating adenosine A2A receptors can mitigate myocardial I∕R injury, and the mechanism may be related to enhancing autophagy in diabetic rats.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of percutaneous low frequency electric stimulation on prevention of venous indwelling needle thrombotic blockage in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 150 patients admitted to the department of cardiovascular medicine from May 2017 to January 2018 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. It was divided into the intervention group and the control group by the random number table method, including 75 cases in the intervention group and 75 cases in the control group. In the control group, the routine nursing method was adopted for the maintenance of intravenous indwelling needle. In the intervention group, on the basis of routine nursing, the percutaneous low frequency electrical stimulation was added. The incidence of thrombosis, occlusion, mean retention time, patient satisfaction and intravenous infusion complications were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of thrombosis was 40.0% (30/75) and 64.0% (48/75) in the intervention group and the control group, and the blockage rate was 28.0% (21/75) and 52.0% (39/75) in the intervention group and the control group, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=8.654, 9.000, all P< 0.01). The incidence of phlebitis, drug exosmosis and subcutaneous bruising were 13.33% (10/75), 13.33% (10/75) and 18.67% (14/75) in the intervention group, 33.33% (25/75), 40.00% (30/75) and 41.33% (31/75) in the control group, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=8.385, 13.636, 9.175, all P<0.01). The indwelling time and patient satisfaction of the intervention group were (2.817 ± 0.221) d and 82.67% (62/75) respectively, while those of the control group were (2.291±0.127) d and 50.67% (38/75), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=17.926, χ2=17.280, all P<0.01). Conclusions Percutaneous low frequency electrical stimulation has positive significance for improving the formation of thrombus at the point of intravenous indwelling needle and preventing the blockage of catheter caused by thrombosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the efficacy of different concentrations of pyruvate-based peritoneal dialysis solution for peritoneal resuscitation in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock.Methods Forty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were assigned to 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),routine Ⅳ resuscitation group (VR group),and intraperitoneal resuscitation with different concentrations of pyruvate-based peritoneal dialysis solution groups (PY1 group,PY2 group).The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium 400 mg/kg.Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from the left femoral artery until mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced to 30-40 mmHg and maintained for 60 min,and the animals were then resuscitated by infusion of shed blood.In VR group,hemorrhagic shock was resuscitated by retransfusion of autologous blood and with normal saline 2 times the volume of blood loss at 1 h after hemorrhagic shock.Routine Ⅳ resuscitation was performed,and 40 and 80 mmol/L peritoneal dialysis solution 20 ml were intraperitoneally infused for 30 min at the same time in PY1 and PY2 groups,respectively.MAP was recorded before blood-letting (T0),at 5,30 and 60 min of shock (T1-3) and 5,30,60,90 and 120 min after the end of resuscitation (T4-8).Blood samples were collected at T8 for blood gas analysis,and pH value,partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2),base excess (BE),and bicarbonate ion concentration (HCO3-) were recorded.Results Compared with S group,MAP was significantly decreased at T1-8 in VR and PY1 groups and at T1-7 in PY2 group,and pH value,PaO2,BE and HCO3-were significantly decreased,and PaCO2 was increased in VR group (P＜0.05).Compared with VR group,MAP at T4-8,pH value,PaO2,BE and HCO3-were significantly increased,and PaCO2 was decreased in PY1 and PY2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with PY1 group,MAP at T6-8 and pH value were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in PaO2,PaCO2,BE or HCO3-in PY2 group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Peritoneal resuscitation with 80 mmol/L pyruvate-based peritoneal dialysis solution produces better efficacy than 40 mmol/L in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock.